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1. Intermittent theta burst stimulation over the left prefrontal cortex: no additional effect for virtual reality exposure therapy in acrophobia—a randomized trial

Author

L. M. Cybinski, B. Bohmeier, K. Rolle, D. Gromer, T. Raij, F. Gundelach, A. Erhardt-Lehmann, A. Mühlberger, J. Deckert, T. Polak, P. Pauli, and M. J. Herrmann

Subjects
Medicine, Science
Abstract

Abstract Anxiety disorders are the most prevalent mental health conditions. Besides psycho-pharmacotherapy, cognitive behavioral therapy with an exposure-based approach is considered the gold standard. However, not all patients benefit from this approach. Here, we aimed to translate laboratory findings on enhanced fear extinction with repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) to the clinic. In this double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial, 76 participants with acrophobia received an activating intermittent theta burst stimulation (iTBS) targeting the left posterior prefrontal cortex immediately before two virtual reality exposure therapy sessions. Phobic symptoms were assessed at baseline, post-intervention, and a 6-month follow-up. Results revealed a significant reduction in phobic symptoms from baseline to post-assessment and follow-up and confirmed the efficacy of virtual reality exposure therapy as a treatment for specific phobias. Interestingly, no additional effect was observed for active iTBS compared to sham iTBS. Our post-hoc analyses argue for an individualized TMS application. Further research is needed to determine optimal TMS parameters and validate these results in clinical trials, accounting for methodological and inter- and intra-individual variability, as well as alternative therapeutic processes.

Published
2024
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3. Quality traits of longissimus lumborum muscle from White Mangalica, Duroc × White Mangalica and Large White pigs reared under intensive conditions and slaughtered at 150 kg live weight: a comparative study

Author

V. M. Tomović, R. Šević, M. Jokanović, B. Šojić, S. Škaljac, T. Tasić, P. Ikonić, M. Lušnic Polak, T. Polak, and L. Demšar

Subjects
Agriculture, Animal culture, SF1-1100, Science, Zoology, QL1-991
Abstract

To compare quality traits of longissimus lumborum muscle of three genotypes, 20 White Mangalica (WM), 20 crossbred Duroc × White Mangalica (DWM) and 20 Large White (LW) pigs were allotted to the same indoor rearing and feeding conditions. Crossbred and LW pigs grew faster than WM pigs reaching 150 kg on average 168 and 288 days before WM, respectively. Meat from WM pigs had the highest intramuscular fat content and darkest and reddest colour; crosses were at an intermediate position, with significant differences among all genotypes. In addition, ultimate pH, water-holding capacity and iron content were significantly the highest in meat from WM pigs, compared to the other two genotypes. Crossing WM with Duroc had a significant effect on individual fatty acid content of meat. However, the sum of saturated, monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids remained unchanged. WM and DWM pigs had significantly more tender meat than LW pigs. Monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs) were most abundant, followed by saturated (SFAs) and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) in meat from all animals. Meat from WM and DWM pigs had a significantly higher percentage of MUFAs and significantly lower percentage of SFAs than LW pigs.

Published
2016
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4. Common variants in Alzheimer’s disease and risk stratification by polygenic risk scores

Author

de Rojas, I. Moreno-Grau, S. Tesi, N. Grenier-Boley, B. Andrade, V. Jansen, I.E. Pedersen, N.L. Stringa, N. Zettergren, A. Hernández, I. Montrreal, L. Antúnez, C. Antonell, A. Tankard, R.M. Bis, J.C. Sims, R. Bellenguez, C. Quintela, I. González-Perez, A. Calero, M. Franco-Macías, E. Macías, J. Blesa, R. Cervera-Carles, L. Menéndez-González, M. Frank-García, A. Royo, J.L. Moreno, F. Huerto Vilas, R. Baquero, M. Diez-Fairen, M. Lage, C. García-Madrona, S. García-González, P. Alarcón-Martín, E. Valero, S. Sotolongo-Grau, O. Ullgren, A. Naj, A.C. Lemstra, A.W. Benaque, A. Pérez-Cordón, A. Benussi, A. Rábano, A. Padovani, A. Squassina, A. de Mendonça, A. Arias Pastor, A. Kok, A.A.L. Meggy, A. Pastor, A.B. Espinosa, A. Corma-Gómez, A. Martín Montes, A. Sanabria, Á. DeStefano, A.L. Schneider, A. Haapasalo, A. Kinhult Ståhlbom, A. Tybjærg-Hansen, A. Hartmann, A.M. Spottke, A. Corbatón-Anchuelo, A. Rongve, A. Borroni, B. Arosio, B. Nacmias, B. Nordestgaard, B.G. Kunkle, B.W. Charbonnier, C. Abdelnour, C. Masullo, C. Martínez Rodríguez, C. Muñoz-Fernandez, C. Dufouil, C. Graff, C. Ferreira, C.B. Chillotti, C. Reynolds, C.A. Fenoglio, C. Van Broeckhoven, C. Clark, C. Pisanu, C. Satizabal, C.L. Holmes, C. Buiza-Rueda, D. Aarsland, D. Rujescu, D. Alcolea, D. Galimberti, D. Wallon, D. Seripa, D. Grünblatt, E. Dardiotis, E. Düzel, E. Scarpini, E. Conti, E. Rubino, E. Gelpi, E. Rodriguez-Rodriguez, E. Duron, E. Boerwinkle, E. Ferri, E. Tagliavini, F. Küçükali, F. Pasquier, F. Sanchez-Garcia, F. Mangialasche, F. Jessen, F. Nicolas, G. Selbæk, G. Ortega, G. Chêne, G. Hadjigeorgiou, G. Rossi, G. Spalletta, G. Giaccone, G. Grande, G. Binetti, G. Papenberg, G. Hampel, H. Bailly, H. Zetterberg, H. Soininen, H. Karlsson, I.K. Alvarez, I. Appollonio, I. Giegling, I. Skoog, I. Saltvedt, I. Rainero, I. Rosas Allende, I. Hort, J. Diehl-Schmid, J. Van Dongen, J. Vidal, J.-S. Lehtisalo, J. Wiltfang, J. Thomassen, J.Q. Kornhuber, J. Haines, J.L. Vogelgsang, J. Pineda, J.A. Fortea, J. Popp, J. Deckert, J. Buerger, K. Morgan, K. Fließbach, K. Sleegers, K. Molina-Porcel, L. Kilander, L. Weinhold, L. Farrer, L.A. Wang, L.-S. Kleineidam, L. Farotti, L. Parnetti, L. Tremolizzo, L. Hausner, L. Benussi, L. Froelich, L. Ikram, M.A. Deniz-Naranjo, M.C. Tsolaki, M. Rosende-Roca, M. Löwenmark, M. Hulsman, M. Spallazzi, M. Pericak-Vance, M.A. Esiri, M. Bernal Sánchez-Arjona, M. Dalmasso, M.C. Martínez-Larrad, M.T. Arcaro, M. Nöthen, M.M. Fernández-Fuertes, M. Dichgans, M. Ingelsson, M. Herrmann, M.J. Scherer, M. Vyhnalek, M. Kosmidis, M.H. Yannakoulia, M. Schmid, M. Ewers, M. Heneka, M.T. Wagner, M. Scamosci, M. Kivipelto, M. Hiltunen, M. Zulaica, M. Alegret, M. Fornage, M. Roberto, N. van Schoor, N.M. Seidu, N.M. Banaj, N. Armstrong, N.J. Scarmeas, N. Scherbaum, N. Goldhardt, O. Hanon, O. Peters, O. Skrobot, O.A. Quenez, O. Lerch, O. Bossù, P. Caffarra, P. Dionigi Rossi, P. Sakka, P. Hoffmann, P. Holmans, P.A. Fischer, P. Riederer, P. Yang, Q. Marshall, R. Kalaria, R.N. Mayeux, R. Vandenberghe, R. Cecchetti, R. Ghidoni, R. Frikke-Schmidt, R. Sorbi, S. Hägg, S. Engelborghs, S. Helisalmi, S. Botne Sando, S. Kern, S. Archetti, S. Boschi, S. Fostinelli, S. Gil, S. Mendoza, S. Mead, S. Ciccone, S. Djurovic, S. Heilmann-Heimbach, S. Riedel-Heller, S. Kuulasmaa, T. del Ser, T. Lebouvier, T. Polak, T. Ngandu, T. Grimmer, T. Bessi, V. Escott-Price, V. Giedraitis, V. Deramecourt, V. Maier, W. Jian, X. Pijnenburg, Y.A.L. Smith, A.D. Saenz, A. Bizzarro, A. Lauria, A. Vacca, A. Solomon, A. Anastasiou, A. Richardson, A. Boland, A. Koivisto, A. Daniele, A. Greco, A. Marianthi, A. McGuinness, B. Fin, B. Ferrari, C. Custodero, C. Ferrarese, C. Ingino, C. Mangone, C. Reyes Toso, C. Martínez, C. Cuesta, C. Muchnik, C. Joachim, C. Ortiz, C. Besse, C. Johansson, C. Zoia, C.P. Laske, C. Anastasiou, C. Palacio, D.L. Politis, D.G. Janowitz, D. Craig, D. Mann, D.M. Neary, D. Jürgen, D. Daian, D. Belezhanska, D. Kohler, E. Castaño, E.M. Koutsouraki, E. Chipi, E. De Roeck, E. Costantini, E. Vardy, E.R.L.C. Piras, F. Roveta, F. Piras, F. Prestia, F.A. Assogna, F. Salani, F. Sala, G. Lacidogna, G. Novack, G. Wilcock, G. Thonberg, H. Kölsch, H. Weber, H. Boecker, H. Etchepareborda, I. Piaceri, I. Tuomilehto, J. Lindström, J. Laczo, J. Johnston, J. Deleuze, J.-F. Harris, J. Schott, J.M. Priller, J. Bacha, J.I. Snowden, J. Lisso, J. Mihova, K.Y. Traykov, L. Morelli, L. Brusco, L.I. Rainer, M. Takalo, M. Bjerke, M. Del Zompo, M. Serpente, M. Sanchez Abalos, M. Rios, M. Peltonen, M. Herrman, M.J. Kosmidis, M.H. Kohler, M. Rojo, M. Jones, M. Orsini, M. Medel, N. Olivar, N. Fox, N.C. Salvadori, N. Hooper, N.M. Galeano, P. Solis, P. Bastiani, P. Mecocci, P. Passmore, P. Heun, R. Antikainen, R. Olaso, R. Perneczky, R. Germani, S. López-García, S. Love, S. Mehrabian, S. Bagnoli, S. Kochen, S. Andreoni, S. Teipel, S. Todd, S. Pickering-Brown, S. Natunen, T. Tegos, T. Laatikainen, T. Strandberg, T. Polvikoski, T.M. Matoska, V. Ciullo, V. Cores, V. Solfrizzi, V. Lisetti, V. Sevillano, Z. Abdelnour, C. Aguilera, N. Alarcon, E. Alegret, M. Benaque, A. Boada, M. Buendia, M. Cañabate, P. Carracedo, A. Corbatón-Anchuelo, A. Diego, S. Espinosa, A. Gailhajenet, A. Gil, S. Guitart, M. Hernández, I. Ibarria, M. Lafuente, A. Macias, J. Maroñas, O. Martín, E. Martínez, M.T. Marquié, M. Mauleón, A. Montrreal, L. Moreno-Grau, S. Moreno, M. Orellana, A. Ortega, G. Pancho, A. Pelejá, E. Pérez-Cordon, A. Pineda, J.A. Preckler, S. Quintela, I. Real, L.M. Rosende-Roca, M. Ruiz, A. Sáez, M.E. Sanabria, A. Serrano-Rios, M. Sotolongo-Grau, O. Tárraga, L. Valero, S. Vargas, L. Adarmes-Gómez, A.D. Alarcón-Martín, E. Alonso, M.D. Álvarez, I. Álvarez, V. Amer-Ferrer, G. Antequera, M. Antúnez, C. Baquero, M. Bernal, M. Blesa, R. Boada, M. Buiza-Rueda, D. Bullido, M.J. Burguera, J.A. Calero, M. Carrillo, F. Carrión-Claro, M. Casajeros, M.J. Clarimón, J. Cruz-Gamero, J.M. de Pancorbo, M.M. del Ser, T. Diez-Fairen, M. Escuela, R. Garrote-Espina, L. Fortea, J. Franco-Macías, E. Frank-García, A. García-Alberca, J.M. Garcia Madrona, S. Garcia-Ribas, G. Gómez-Garre, P. Hernández, I. Hevilla, S. Jesús, S. Labrador Espinosa, M.A. Lage, C. Legaz, A. Lleó, A. Lopez de Munain, A. López-García, S. Macias-García, D. Manzanares, S. Marín, M. Marín-Muñoz, J. Marín, T. Marquié, M. Martín Montes, A. Martínez, B. Martínez, C. Martínez, V. Martínez-Lage Álvarez, P. Medina, M. Mendioroz Iriarte, M. Mir, P. Molinuevo, J.L. Pastor, P. Pérez Tur, J. Periñán-Tocino, T. Pineda-Sanchez, R. Piñol-Ripoll, G. Rábano, A. Real de Asúa, D. Rodrigo, S. Rodríguez-Rodríguez, E. Royo, J.L. Ruiz, A. Sanchez del Valle Díaz, R. Sánchez-Juan, P. Sastre, I. Valero, S. Vicente, M.P. Vigo-Ortega, R. Vivancos, L. Macleod, C. McCracken, C. Brayne, C. Bresner, C. Grozeva, D. Bellou, E. Sommerville, E.W. Matthews, F. Leonenko, G. Menzies, G. Windle, G. Harwood, J. Phillips, J. Bennett, K. Luckuck, L. Clare, L. Woods, R. Saad, S. Burholt, V. Jansen, I.E. Rongve, A. Kehoe, P.G. Garcia-Ribas, G. Sánchez-Juan, P. Pastor, P. Pérez-Tur, J. Piñol-Ripoll, G. Lopez de Munain, A. García-Alberca, J.M. Bullido, M.J. Álvarez, V. Lleó, A. Real, L.M. Scheltens, P. Holstege, H. Marquié, M. Sáez, M.E. Carracedo, Á. Amouyel, P. Schellenberg, G.D. Williams, J. Seshadri, S. van Duijn, C.M. Mather, K.A. Sánchez-Valle, R. Serrano-Ríos, M. Orellana, A. Tárraga, L. Blennow, K. Huisman, M. Andreassen, O.A. Posthuma, D. Clarimón, J. Boada, M. van der Flier, W.M. Ramirez, A. Lambert, J.-C. van der Lee, S.J. Ruiz, A. EADB contributors The GR@ACE study group DEGESCO consortium IGAP (ADGC, CHARGE, EADI, GERAD) PGC-ALZ consortia

Abstract

Genetic discoveries of Alzheimer’s disease are the drivers of our understanding, and together with polygenetic risk stratification can contribute towards planning of feasible and efficient preventive and curative clinical trials. We first perform a large genetic association study by merging all available case-control datasets and by-proxy study results (discovery n = 409,435 and validation size n = 58,190). Here, we add six variants associated with Alzheimer’s disease risk (near APP, CHRNE, PRKD3/NDUFAF7, PLCG2 and two exonic variants in the SHARPIN gene). Assessment of the polygenic risk score and stratifying by APOE reveal a 4 to 5.5 years difference in median age at onset of Alzheimer’s disease patients in APOE ɛ4 carriers. Because of this study, the underlying mechanisms of APP can be studied to refine the amyloid cascade and the polygenic risk score provides a tool to select individuals at high risk of Alzheimer’s disease. © 2021, The Author(s).

Published
2021

5. Determination of the fatty acids in fish tissue and feed — comparison of different methods and statistical evaluation

Author

Mirjana Dimitrijević, T. Polak, D. Nikolić, Dejana Trbović, Vesna Đorđević, Nenad Parunović, and L. Demšar

Subjects
Correlation coefficient, gas chromatography, Fish farming, fatty acids, 01 natural sciences, Commercial fish feed, law.invention, Aquaculture, law, Flame ionization detector, 14. Life underwater, reproducibility, chemistry.chemical_classification, Fish tissues, Chromatography, quantitation, biology, business.industry, 010401 analytical chemistry, Fatty acid, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, General Chemistry, biology.organism_classification, 0104 chemical sciences, Trout, chemistry, 040102 fisheries, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, Gas chromatography, business
Abstract

With the aim to reinforce laboratory competence in the field of testing the quality of fish from aquaculture, a study on the precision of fatty acid (FA) analyses in fish meat and fish feed was undertaken. Different methods were performed in laboratories. In situ transesterification method and extraction of lipids from the fish were followed by capillary gas chromatography with flame ionization detection. The reproducibility (R) values of the majority of FM were less than 3% of their absolute values. Differences in calculating ionization detector response factors and/or autoxidation caused by faulty sample-handling could lead to variation in quantification of FAs in fish, especially for FA C22:6n-3. Statistical analysis showed a significant correlation between the two laboratories quantifications of FM in fish and fish feed (Pearsons correlation coefficient; r = 0.987, r = 0.994, and r = 0.997; for fish Z [trout], fish g [rainbow trout], and fish feed, respectively). Overall, adequate accuracy was obtained in this study. The proposed method provides a fast and efficient means of identifying fish and feed for quality control purposes.

Published
2018
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9. The effect of diet and sex on lipids composition of dried pork neck

Author

S. Vidakovic, T. Polak, B. Zlender, L. Gasperlin, and M. Furman

Subjects
chemistry.chemical_classification, food.ingredient, Chemistry, Cholesterol, Applied Mathematics, General Mathematics, Linoleic acid, Vitamin E, medicine.medical_treatment, Fatty acid, chemistry.chemical_compound, food, medicine, Composition (visual arts), Fatty acid composition, Food science, Canola, Polyunsaturated fatty acid
Abstract

The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of diet and sex on fat content, fatty acid composition and cholesterol content of dried pork neck. There were 12 barrows and 12 gilts separated in 4 groups regarding different nutritive supplement. The first group was fed basic ratio with supplement of linseed, the second with canola, the third with canola and vitamin E and the forth group without nutritive supplement (control group). All 24 samples of dried neck were analyzed in laboratory. There was no effect of nutritive supplement on fat and cholesterol content. Diet with linseed resulted in higher ?-linolenic fatty acid content in dried neck. Canola diet resulted in higher oleic and linoleic acid contents. Barrows dried necks were fattier than gilts, but there were no difference in cholesterol content. Gilts had more polyunsaturated fatty acids and less saturated fatty acids than barrows.

Published
2007
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10. Interferon beta-1b modulates serum sVCAM-1 levels in primary progressive multiple sclerosis

Author

Bernd Kitze, Timon Bogumil, Sigrid Poser, Frank Weber, T. Polak, Hayrettin Tumani, Alexander Dressel, C. Wachter, D. Bahner, E. Elitok, and Andreas Bitsch

Subjects
Adult, Male, Multiple Sclerosis, Adolescent, Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1, Central nervous system disease, Pathogenesis, Endothelial activation, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Adjuvants, Immunologic, Interferon, Cell Adhesion, Humans, Medicine, 030304 developmental biology, 0303 health sciences, business.industry, Cell adhesion molecule, Multiple sclerosis, Interferon beta-1b, Endothelial Cells, Interferon-beta, General Medicine, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, 3. Good health, Neurology, Concomitant, Immunology, Female, Neurology (clinical), business, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, medicine.drug
Abstract

Endothelial activation is a key feature of multiple sclerosis (MS) pathogenesis. It is modulated by interferon heta-16 (IFNB-lb) treatment in relapsing- remitting MS (RRMS) patients. This particular pharmacodynamic effect still has to be proven in primary progressive MS (PPMS). In the current study, serum concentrations of soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (sVCAM-1) and sE-selectin were analyzed longitudinally in 18 PPMS patients before, during and after 12 months of treatment with IFNB-1b. During drug therapy there was a significant early and sustained increase of sVCAM-I (overall P < 0.0001). Flu-like symptoms induced by IFNB-1b and also concomitant infections were associated with higher sVCAM-1 levels. Neutralizing antibodies to IFNB-lb were associated with lower sVCAM-1 levels. In conclusion. IFNB-1b modulates the adhesion cascade in patients with PPMS in a similar way it does in RRMS. Nevertheless, a clinical effect of IFNB in PPMS still has to be proven in a randomized controlled clinical trial.

Published
2004
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12. Characterization of the human T cell response against the neuronal protein synapsin in patients with multiple sclerosis

Author

T. Polak, G. Schlaf, Frank Weber, C. Krome-Cesar, Klaus Felgenhauer, Ulrike Schöll, and Michael Mäder

Subjects
Multiple Sclerosis, CD3 Complex, T-Lymphocytes, T cell, Encephalomyelitis, Immunology, Dose-Response Relationship, Immunologic, Cell Line, Immunophenotyping, Interferon-gamma, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, medicine, Demyelinating disease, Humans, Immunology and Allergy, Lymphotoxin-alpha, 030304 developmental biology, 0303 health sciences, biology, Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha, Multiple sclerosis, Encephalomyelitis, Acute Disseminated, Myelin Basic Protein, Synapsin, Synapsins, medicine.disease, Molecular biology, Interleukin-10, Myelin basic protein, medicine.anatomical_structure, Lymphotoxin, nervous system, Neurology, Acute Disease, CD4 Antigens, biology.protein, Interleukin-4, Neurology (clinical), 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, CD8
Abstract

Although multiple sclerosis (MS) is considered primarily as a demyelinating disease, neuronal damage is abundant and correlates with the neurological deficit. Therefore, we investigated the frequency and characteristics of human T cells specific for synapsin-a neuronal protein highly conserved among species. Synapsin specific T cell responses were detected at a frequency similar to that of MBP specific T cells in MS patients, one patient with acute demyelinating encephalomyelitis (ADEM) and controls. Long-term T cell lines specific for synapsin exhibited a CD3(+), CD4(+), CD8(-) phenotype and produced high amounts of tumor-necrosis-factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) after antigen specific stimulation, whereas lymphotoxin (LT), interleukin-4 (IL-4) and interleukin-10 (IL-10) were detectable in smaller quantities.

Published
2001
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15. The alice experiment at the CERN LHC

Author

Aamodt, K. Quintana, A.A. Achenbach, R. Acounis, S. Adamová, D. Adler, C. Aggarwal, M. Agnese, F. Rinella, G.A. Ahammed, Z. Ahmad, A. Ahmad, N. Ahmad, S. Akindinov, A. Akishin, P. Aleksandrov, D. Alessandro, B. Alfaro, R. Alfarone, G. Alici, A. Alme, J. Alt, T. Altinpinar, S. Amend, W. Andrei, C. Andres, Y. Andronic, A. Anelli, G. Anfreville, M. Angelov, V. Anzo, A. Anson, C. Anticić, T. Antonenko, V. Antonczyk, D. Antinori, F. Antinori, S. Antonioli, P. Aphecetche, L. Appelshäuser, H. Aprodu, V. Arba, M. Arcelli, S. Argentieri, A. Armesto, N. Arnaldi, R. Arefiev, A. Arsene, I. Asryan, A. Augustinus, A. Awes, T.C. Äysto, J. Azmi, M.D. Bablock, S. Badalà, A. Badyal, S.K. Baechler, J. Bagnasco, S. Bailhache, R. Bala, R. Baldisseri, A. Baldit, A. Bán, J. Barbera, R. Barberis, P.-L. Barbet, J.M. Barnäfoldi, G. Barret, V. Bartke, J. Bartos, D. Basile, M. Basmanov, V. Bastid, N. Batigne, G. Batyunya, B. Baudot, J. Baumann, C. Bearden, I. Becker, B. Belikov, J. Bellwied, R. Belmont-Moreno, E. Belogianni, A. Belyaev, S. Benato, A. Beney, J.L. Benhabib, L. Benotto, F. Beolé, S. Berceanu, I. Bercuci, A. Berdermann, E. Berdnikov, Y. Bernard, C. Berny, R. Berst, J.D. Bertelsen, H. Betev, L. Bhasin, A. Baskar, P. Bhati, A. Bianchi, N. Bielčik, J. Bielčiková, J. Bimbot, L. Blanchard, G. Blanco, F. Blanco, F. Blau, D. Blume, C. Blyth, S. Boccioli, M. Bogdanov, A. Boøggild, H. Bogolyubsky, M. Boldizsár, L. Bombara, M. Bombonati, C. Bondila, M. Bonnet, D. Bonvicini, V. Borel, H. Borotto, F. Borshchov, V. Bortoli, Y. Borysov, O. Bose, S. Bosisio, L. Botje, M. Böttger, S. Bourdaud, G. Bourrion, O. Bouvier, S. Braem, A. Braun, M. Braun-Munzinger, P. Bravina, L. Bregant, M. Bruckner, G. Brun, R. Bruna, E. Brunasso, O. Bruno, G.E. Bucher, D. Budilov, V. Budnikov, D. Buesching, H. Buncic, P. Burns, M. Burachas, S. Busch, O. Bushop, J. Cai, X. Caines, H. Calaon, F. Caldogno, M. Cali, I. Camerini, P. Campagnolo, R. Campbell, M. Cao, X. Capitani, G.P. Romeo, G.C. Cardenas-Montes, M. Carduner, H. Carena, F. Carena, W. Cariola, P. Carminati, F. Casado, J. Diaz., A.C. Caselle, M. Castellanos, J.C. Castor, J. Catanescu, V. Cattaruzza, E. Cavazza, D. Cerello, P. Ceresa, S. Černý, V. Chambert, V. Chapeland, S. Charpy, A. Charrier, D. Chartoire, M. Charvet, J.L. Chattopadhyay, S. Chattopadhyay, S. Chepurnov, V. Chernenko, S. Cherney, M. Cheshkov, C. Cheynis, B. Chochula, P. Chiavassa, E. Barroso, V.C. Choi, J. Christakoglou, P. Christiansen, P. Christensen, C. Chykalov, O.A. Cicalo, C. Cifarelli-Strolin, L. Ciobanu, M. Cindolo, F. Cirstoiu, C. Clausse, O. Cleymans, J. Cobanoglu, O. Coffin, J.-P. Coli, S. Colla, A. Colledani, C. Combaret, C. Combet, M. Comets, M. Balbastre, G.C. Del Valle, Z.C. Contin, G. Contreras, J. Cormier, T. Corsi, F. Cortese, P. Costa, F. Crescio, E. Crochet, P. Cuautle, E. Cussonneau, J. Dahlinger, M. Dainese, A. Dalsgaard, H.H. Daniel, L. Das, I. Das, T. Dash, A. Da Silva, R. Davenport, M. Daues, H. De Caro, A. De Cataldo, G. 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Zampa, G. Zampolli, C. Zanevskiy, Y. Zarochentsev, A. Zaudtke, O. Závada, P. Zbroszczyk, H. Zepeda, A. Zeter, V. Zgura, I. Zhalov, M. Zhou, D. Zhou, S. Zhu, G. Zichichi, A. Zinchenko, A. Zinovjev, G. Zoccarato, Y. Zubarev, A. Zucchini, A. Zuffa, M.

Subjects
Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Nuclear Experiment
Abstract

Instrumentation for heavyion accelerators; Instrumentation for particle accelerators and storage rings-high energy; Cherenkov and transition radiation; Gaseous detectors; Liquid detectors; Photon detectors for UV, visible and IR photons; Scintillators, scintillation and light emission processes; Solid state detectors; Calorimeters; Cherenkov detectors; dE/dx detectors; Gamma detectors; Large detector systems for particle and astroparticle physics; Particle identification methods; Particle tracking detectors; Photon detectors for UV, visible and IR photons; Spectrometers; Time projection chambers; Timing detectors; Transition radiation detectors; Analysis and statistical methods; Computing; Data processing methods; Data reduction methods; Pattern recognition, cluster finding, calibration and fitting methods; Simulation methods and programs; Software architectures; Detector alignment and calibration methods; Detector cooling and thermo-stabilization; Detector design and construction technologies and materials; Detector grounding; Manufacturing; Overall mechanics design; Special cables; Voltage distributions. ALICE (A Large Ion Collider Experiment) is a general-purpose, heavy-ion detector at the CERN LHC which focuses on QCD, the strong-interaction sector of the Standard Model. It is designed to address the physics of strongly interacting matter and the quark-gluon plasma at extreme values of energy density and temperature in nucleus-nucleus collisions. Besides running with Pb ions, the physics programme includes collisions with lighter ions, lower energy running and dedicated proton-nucleus runs. ALICE will also take data with proton beams at the top LHC energy to collect reference data for the heavy-ion programme and to address several QCD topics for which ALICE is complementary to the other LHC detectors. The ALICE detector has been built by a collaboration including currently over 1000 physicists and engineers from 105 Institutes in 30 countries. Its overall dimensions are 16x16x26 m3with a total weight of approximately 10 000 t. The experiment consists of 18 different detector systems each with its own specific technology choice and design constraints, driven both by the physics requirements and the experimental conditions expected at LHC. The most stringent design constraint is to cope with the extreme particle multiplicity anticipated in central Pb-Pb collisions. The different subsystems were optimized to provide high-momentum resolution as well as excellent Particle Identification (PID) over a broad range in momentum, up to the highest multiplicities predicted for LHC. This will allow for comprehensive studies of hadrons, electrons, muons, and photons produced in the collision of heavy nuclei. Most detector systems are scheduled to be installed and ready for data taking by mid-2008 when the LHC is scheduled to start operation, with the exception of parts of the Photon Spectrometer (PHOS), Transition Radiation Detector (TRD) and Electro Magnetic Calorimeter (EMCal). These detectors will be completed for the high-luminosity ion run expected in 2010. This paper describes in detail the detector components as installed for the first data taking in the summer of 2008. © 2008 IOP Publishing Ltd and SISSA.

Published
2008

16. Resonances in asymmetric superconducting quantum interference device

Author

T. Polak and E. Sarnelli

Subjects
Condensed Matter::Superconductivity
Abstract

The theory of self-induced resonances in asymmetric two-junction interferometer device is presented. In real devices, it is impossible to have an ideal interferometer free of imperfections. Thus, we extended previous theoretical approaches, introducing a model that contains several asymmetries: Josephson current , capacitances , and dissipation presented in an equivalent circuit. Moreover, nonconventional symmetry of the order parameter in high temperature superconducting quantum interference devices forced us to include phase asymmetries. Therefore, the model has been extended to the case of -shift interferometers, where a phase shift is present in one of the junctions.

Published
2007
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17. Therapeutic Drug Monitoring in a Naturalistic Clinical Setting

Author

R. Burger, Stefan Unterecker, P. Riederer, Bruno Pfuhlmann, and T Polak

Subjects
Psychiatry and Mental health, medicine.medical_specialty, medicine.diagnostic_test, Therapeutic drug monitoring, business.industry, medicine, Pharmacology (medical), General Medicine, Pharmacology, Intensive care medicine, business
Published
2005
Full Text
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18. Characterization of cubic Li $$_{2}$$ 2 $$^{100}$$ 100 MoO $$_4$$ 4 crystals for the CUPID experiment

Author

The CUPID Collaboration, A. Armatol, E. Armengaud, W. Armstrong, C. Augier, F. T. Avignone, O. Azzolini, A. Barabash, G. Bari, A. Barresi, D. Baudin, F. Bellini, G. Benato, M. Beretta, L. Bergé, M. Biassoni, J. Billard, V. Boldrini, A. Branca, C. Brofferio, C. Bucci, J. Camilleri, S. Capelli, L. Cappelli, L. Cardani, P. Carniti, N. Casali, A. Cazes, E. Celi, C. Chang, M. Chapellier, A. Charrier, D. Chiesa, M. Clemenza, I. Colantoni, F. Collamati, S. Copello, O. Cremonesi, R. J. Creswick, A. Cruciani, A. D’Addabbo, G. D’Imperio, I. Dafinei, F. A. Danevich, M. de Combarieu, M. De Jesus, P. de Marcillac, S. Dell’Oro, S. Di Domizio, V. Dompè, A. Drobizhev, L. Dumoulin, G. Fantini, M. Faverzani, E. Ferri, F. Ferri, F. Ferroni, E. Figueroa-Feliciano, J. Formaggio, A. Franceschi, C. Fu, S. Fu, B. K. Fujikawa, J. Gascon, A. Giachero, L. Gironi, A. Giuliani, P. Gorla, C. Gotti, P. Gras, M. Gros, T. D. Gutierrez, K. Han, E. V. Hansen, K. M. Heeger, D. L. Helis, H. Z. Huang, R. G. Huang, L. Imbert, J. Johnston, A. Juillard, G. Karapetrov, G. Keppel, H. Khalife, V. V. Kobychev, Yu. G. Kolomensky, S. Konovalov, Y. Liu, P. Loaiza, L. Ma, M. Madhukuttan, F. Mancarella, R. Mariam, L. Marini, S. Marnieros, M. Martinez, R. H. Maruyama, B. Mauri, D. Mayer, Y. Mei, S. Milana, D. Misiak, T. Napolitano, M. Nastasi, X. F. Navick, J. Nikkel, R. Nipoti, S. Nisi, C. Nones, E. B. Norman, V. Novosad, I. Nutini, T. O’Donnell, E. Olivieri, C. Oriol, J. L. Ouellet, S. Pagan, C. Pagliarone, L. Pagnanini, P. Pari, L. Pattavina, B. Paul, M. Pavan, H. Peng, G. Pessina, V. Pettinacci, C. Pira, S. Pirro, D. V. Poda, T. Polakovic, O. G. Polischuk, S. Pozzi, E. Previtali, A. Puiu, A. Ressa, R. Rizzoli, C. Rosenfeld, C. Rusconi, V. Sanglard, J. A. Scarpaci, B. Schmidt, V. Sharma, V. Shlegel, V. Singh, M. Sisti, D. Speller, P. T. Surukuchi, L. Taffarello, O. Tellier, C. Tomei, V. I. Tretyak, A. Tsymbaliuk, M. Velazquez, K. J. Vetter, S. L. Wagaarachchi, G. Wang, L. Wang, B. Welliver, J. Wilson, K. Wilson, L. A. Winslow, M. Xue, L. Yan, J. Yang, V. Yefremenko, V. Yumatov, M. M. Zarytskyy, J. Zhang, A. Zolotarova, and S. Zucchelli

Subjects
Astrophysics, QB460-466, Nuclear and particle physics. Atomic energy. Radioactivity, QC770-798
Abstract

Abstract The CUPID Collaboration is designing a tonne-scale, background-free detector to search for double beta decay with sufficient sensitivity to fully explore the parameter space corresponding to the inverted neutrino mass hierarchy scenario. One of the CUPID demonstrators, CUPID-Mo, has proved the potential of enriched Li $$_{2}$$ 2 $$^{100}$$ 100 MoO $$_4$$ 4 crystals as suitable detectors for neutrinoless double beta decay search. In this work, we characterised cubic crystals that, compared to the cylindrical crystals used by CUPID-Mo, are more appealing for the construction of tightly packed arrays. We measured an average energy resolution of ( $$6.7\pm 0.6$$ 6.7 ± 0.6 ) keV FWHM in the region of interest, approaching the CUPID target of 5 keV FWHM. We assessed the identification of $$\alpha $$ α particles with and without a reflecting foil that enhances the scintillation light collection efficiency, proving that the baseline design of CUPID already ensures a complete suppression of this $$\alpha $$ α -induced background contribution. We also used the collected data to validate a Monte Carlo simulation modelling the light collection efficiency, which will enable further optimisations of the detector.

Published
2021
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20. Tumour necrosis factor alpha mRNA expression in early multiple sclerosis lesions: correlation with demyelinating activity and oligodendrocyte pathology

Author

T Polak, Tanja Kuhlmann, Andreas Bitsch, Wolfgang Brück, Stephanie Bunkowski, and C da Costa

Subjects
Adult, Male, Pathology, medicine.medical_specialty, Multiple Sclerosis, Adolescent, Encephalomyelitis, medicine.medical_treatment, Apoptosis, Nerve Tissue Proteins, DNA Fragmentation, Biology, Lesion, Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience, Myelin, medicine, Humans, RNA, Messenger, In Situ Hybridization, Microglia, Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha, Multiple sclerosis, Biopsy, Needle, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, Oligodendrocyte, 3. Good health, Oligodendroglia, medicine.anatomical_structure, Cytokine, Neurology, Gene Expression Regulation, Tumor necrosis factor alpha, Female, medicine.symptom, Demyelinating Diseases
Abstract

The precise role of tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNFalpha) in multiple sclerosis (MS) is still controversial. Most findings from the animal model experimental allergic encephalomyelitis have yet to be confirmed in multiple sclerosis. The aim of this study was to define the significance of TNFalpha with respect to the hallmark of MS, that is demyelination. Therefore, 78 lesion areas from diagnostic brain biopsies of 32 patients were analysed. Lesion demyelinating activity was classified by the presence of myelin degradation products in macrophages and macrophage activation markers. Non-radioactive in situ hybridisation was carried out to detect TNFalpha mRNA expressing cells. DNA fragmentation was visualised by TdT-mediated X-dUTP nick end labeling. A significantly higher number of cells expressed TNFalpha mRNA in active demyelinating lesions than in inactive or remyelinating lesions irrespective of the extent of the inflammatory infiltrate. TNFalpha mRNA expression correlated with the appearance of DNA fragmentation in T lymphocytes and oligodendrocytes within the lesions. In the periplaque white matter, expression of TNFalpha mRNA negatively correlated with oligodendrocyte numbers. These data support previous findings from animal models and in vitro experiments. Although not proving, the current study strongly suggests a pathogenic role of TNFalpha in demyelination in human multiple sclerosis and gives further support for TNFalpha-directed therapeutic strategies.

Published
2000

21. Effect of interferon beta on human myelin basic protein-specific T-cell lines: comparison of IFNbeta-1a and IFNbeta-1b

Author

F, Weber, J, Janovskaja, T, Polak, S, Poser, and P, Rieckmann

Subjects
Analysis of Variance, T-Lymphocytes, Models, Immunological, Cytokines, Humans, Myelin Basic Protein, Interferon-beta, Lymphocyte Activation, Interferon beta-1a, Cell Line, Interferon beta-1b
Abstract

The effect of interferon (IFN)beta-1a and IFNbeta-1b on human myelin basic protein-reactive T-cell lines was investigated. Both drugs inhibited proliferation and production of lymphotoxin (LT), whereas the production of interleukin-4 was not altered and interleukin-10 was induced. Comparing equal numbers of units IFNbeta-1a and -1b showed almost identical results. These in vitro data indicate that the immunomodulatory capacity of both interferons with respect to T cells paralleled their antiviral effect.

Published
1999

22. Varicella zoster virus-associated focal vasculitis without herpes zoster: recovery after treatment with acyclovir

Author

Roland Nau, H. Reiber, T. Polak, M. Stiefel, and M. Lantsch

Subjects
Adult, Central Nervous System, Male, Vasculitis, medicine.medical_specialty, Herpesvirus 3, Human, Acyclovir, medicine.disease_cause, Herpes Zoster, Brain Ischemia, Diagnosis, Differential, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, 030225 pediatrics, medicine, Humans, Aciclovir, Paresis, integumentary system, Hypesthesia, business.industry, Varicella zoster virus, virus diseases, medicine.disease, Rash, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, 3. Good health, Surgery, Hemiparesis, Herpes Zoster Ophthalmicus, Neurology (clinical), medicine.symptom, business, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, medicine.drug
Abstract

Contralateral hemiparesis is a serious complication of herpes zoster ophthalmicus both in immunocompetent and immunocompromised patients.1 A similar clinical picture occurs in association with chickenpox.2 The interval from rash to onset of contralateral hemiparesis ranges from a few days to 6 months. On rare occasions, vasculitis may precede the skin lesions.3 We treated an immunocompetent patient without rash, who developed a focal vasculitis of the proximal part of the middle cerebral artery most probably caused by the varicella zoster virus (VZV). This 42-year-old immunocompetent man, with no history of herpes zoster, suddenly experienced dys- and hypesthesia in his left hand. Within the next 10 days, the hypesthetic region expanded to the fingers and the left forearm, and he noticed progressive distal weakness of his left upper extremity. On admission, a fluctuating paresis of the flexion and extension of the fingers of the left hand (3 to 4, scale of the British Medical …

Published
1998

23. Synergistic immunomodulatory effects of interferon-beta1b and the phosphodiesterase inhibitor pentoxifylline in patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis

Author

F, Weber, T, Polak, A, Günther, B, Kubuschok, J, Janovskaja, A, Bitsch, S, Poser, and P, Rieckmann

Subjects
Chi-Square Distribution, Multiple Sclerosis, Base Sequence, Dose-Response Relationship, Drug, Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors, Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha, Interleukins, T-Lymphocytes, Drug Synergism, Interferon-beta, Polymerase Chain Reaction, Up-Regulation, Interferon-gamma, Adjuvants, Immunologic, Cytokines, Humans, Drug Therapy, Combination, Prospective Studies, RNA, Messenger, Pentoxifylline, Lymphotoxin-alpha, Cells, Cultured, Interferon beta-1a, Interferon beta-1b
Abstract

Subcutaneous application of interferon-beta1b (IFN-beta1b) is an established therapy for patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS), but early side effects are still a major concern. In vitro studies with myelin basic protein (MBP)-specific T-cell lines revealed a synergistic suppressive effect of IFN-beta1b and the phosphodiesterase inhibitor pentoxifylline (PTX) on proliferation and the production of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), lymphotoxin (LT), and interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma). In an initial, open labeled prospective trial, the cytokine messenger RNA (mRNA) expression of blood mononuclear cells from MS patients, receiving either IFN-beta1b alone or in combination with oral PTX, was determined by semi-quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Patients treated with IFN-beta1b alone reported more side effects during the first 3 months of treatment and had upregulated TNF-alpha as well as IFN-gamma mRNA expression during the first month, which was not detected in patients receiving both drugs. A synergistic effect of both drugs was observed on the upregulation of interleukin (IL)-10 mRNA, which was accompanied by an increase in IL-10 serum levels. Both in vitro and in vivo data suggest that co-treatment of IFN-beta1b with PTX is a promising approach to correct the disturbed cytokine balance in MS patients.

Published
1998

24. Effect of interferon on human myelin basic protein-specific T-cell lines: Comparison of IFN -1a and IFN -1b

Author

J. Janovskaja, P. Rieckmann, Sigrid Poser, Frank Weber, and T. Polak

Subjects
medicine.medical_treatment, T cell, Biology, Virus, Myelin, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Interferon, medicine, 030304 developmental biology, 0303 health sciences, Chemistry, Interferon beta-1b, Interferon beta-1a, Molecular biology, In vitro, 3. Good health, Myelin basic protein, Lymphotoxin, Cytokine, medicine.anatomical_structure, Cell culture, Immunology, biology.protein, Neurology (clinical), 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, medicine.drug
Abstract

To the Editor: The brief communication by Weber et al.1 provides interesting comparative in vitro antiviral bioactivity data of the two forms of beta interferons (IFNβ): 1a and 1b. The IFNβ-1a product tested is not used clinically and no data are presented comparing either of the two clinically approved forms of IFNβ-1a, which makes direct comparison to these products difficult. There also is some uncertainty remaining about the comparison presented. First, it is well recognized that IFN-specific activity is highly dependent on the nature of the assay employed. The specific cell line, virus used, IFN reference standard tested, and indicator dye are variables that differ among assays. These details would enhance the article …

Published
2000
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26. P.1.159 The interdependency between stage of depression and blood levels of cortisol, serotonin, prostaglandin E2 and unsaturated fatty acids

Author

K. Bollow, J. Richter, K. Ernst, Ch. Rehn, G. Richter, T. Polak, D. Schläfke, G. Irmisch, W. Gierow, and U. Engel

Subjects
Pharmacology, medicine.medical_specialty, business.industry, Psychiatry and Mental health, Endocrinology, Neurology, Internal medicine, medicine, Pharmacology (medical), Neurology (clinical), Serotonin, Prostaglandin E2, Stage (cooking), business, Biological Psychiatry, Depression (differential diagnoses), medicine.drug
Published
1997
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27. Evolution of Metastable Defects and Its Effect on the Electronic Properties of MoS2 Films

Author

M. Precner, T. Polaković, Qiao Qiao, D. J. Trainer, A. V. Putilov, C. Di Giorgio, I. Cone, Y. Zhu, X. X. Xi, M. Iavarone, and G. Karapetrov

Subjects
Medicine, Science
Abstract

Abstract We report on structural and electronic properties of defects in chemical vapor-deposited monolayer and few-layer MoS2 films. Scanning tunneling microscopy, Kelvin probe force microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy were used to obtain high resolution images and quantitative measurements of the local density of states, work function and nature of defects in MoS2 films. We track the evolution of defects that are formed under heating and electron beam irradiation. We observe formation of metastable domains with different work function values after annealing the material in ultra-high vacuum to moderate temperatures. We attribute these metastable values of the work function to evolution of crystal defects forming during the annealing. The experiments show that sulfur vacancies formed after exposure to elevated temperatures diffuse, coalesce, and migrate bringing the system from a metastable to equilibrium ground state. The process could be thermally or e-beam activated with estimated energy barrier for sulfur vacancy migration of 0.6 eV in single unit cell MoS2. Even at equilibrium conditions, the work function and local density of states values are strongly affected near grain boundaries and edges. The results provide initial estimates of the thermal budgets available for reliable fabrication of MoS2-based integrated electronics and indicate the importance of defect control and layer passivation.

Published
2018
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29. AN EVALUATION OF THE HEALING PROCESS IN AVIAN DIGTAL FLEXOR TENDONS AND GRAFTS FOLLOWING THE APPLICATION OF AN ARTIFICIAL TENDON

Author

Mcconnell Dv, Franklin L. Ashley, Marmor L, Robert S. Stone, and T. Polak

Subjects
Wound Healing, Histology, Flexor tendon, business.industry, Research, Anatomy, Tendon transplantation, Poultry, Radiation Effects, Tendons, Tendon sheath, Transplantation Immunology, Animals, Medicine, Surgery, Fascia, business, Wound healing, Process (anatomy)
Published
1964
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30. A Banach Space which is Fully 2-Rotund but not Locally Uniformly Rotund

Author

Brailey Sims and T. Polak

Subjects
Pure mathematics, General Mathematics, Norm (mathematics), 010102 general mathematics, 0103 physical sciences, Mathematical analysis, Banach space, 010307 mathematical physics, 0101 mathematics, 01 natural sciences, Mathematics
Abstract

A Banach space is fully 2-rotund if (xn) converges whenever ‖xn + xm‖ converges as m, n → ∞ and locally uniformly rotund if xn → x whenever ‖xn‖ and ‖(xn + x)/2‖ → ‖x‖.We show that I2 with the equivalent normis fully 2-rotund but not locally uniformly rotund, thus answering in the negative a question first raised by Fan and Glicksberg in 1958.

Published
1983
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31. [Ornithosis outbreak in Kielce in 1980. I. Clinical evaluation]

Author

S, Koba, W, Kryczka, W, Zapała, M, Cicha, J, Chmielarska-Schmidt, K, Kowalski, and T, Polak

Subjects
Adult, Male, Adolescent, Urban Health, Middle Aged, Psittacosis, Poultry, Disease Outbreaks, Occupational Diseases, Animals, Humans, Female, Poland, Meat-Packing Industry
Published
1983

41. Individual vortex nucleation/annihilation in ferromagnetic nanodots with broken symmetry observed by micro-Hall magnetometry

Author

T. Ščepka, T. Polakovič, J. Šoltýs, J. Tóbik, M. Kulich, R. Kúdela, J. Dérer, and V. Cambel

Subjects
Physics, QC1-999
Abstract

We studied vortex nucleation/annihilation process and its temperature dependence in micromagnetic objects with lowered symmetry using micro-Hall magnetometry. Magnetization reversal curves were obtained for the Pacman-like nanodots placed directly on Hall probes. Lowered symmetry of the object leads to good control of its chirality. Vortex nucleation and annihilation fields strongly depend on the angle of the external in-plane magnetic field with respect on the nanodot symmetry. The micromagnetic simulations support the experimental results - the vortex nucleation fields are controlled by local magnetization configurations present in the object (C-, S-, and double S-states) for field just above vortex nucleation field. The experiments also confirm that the vortex nucleation proceeds via thermal activation over an energy barrier.

Published
2015
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43. Intermittent theta burst stimulation of the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex has no additional effect on the efficacy of virtual reality exposure therapy for acrophobia. A randomized double-blind placebo-controlled study.

Author

Bohmeier B, Cybinski LM, Gromer D, Bellinger D, Deckert J, Erhardt-Lehmann A, Deserno L, Mühlberger A, Pauli P, Polak T, and Herrmann MJ

Subjects
Humans, Double-Blind Method, Male, Female, Adult, Treatment Outcome, Young Adult, Middle Aged, Theta Rhythm physiology, Prefrontal Cortex physiology, Combined Modality Therapy, Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation methods, Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex physiology, Virtual Reality Exposure Therapy methods, Phobic Disorders therapy
Abstract

Anxiety disorders are among the most common mental disorders. Treatment guidelines recommend pharmacotherapy and cognitive behavioral therapy as standard treatment. Although cognitive behavioral therapy is an effective therapeutic approach, not all patients benefit sufficiently from it. In recent years, non-invasive brain stimulation techniques, such as transcranial magnetic stimulation, have been investigated as promising adjuncts in the treatment of affective disorders. The aim of this study is to investigate whether a combination of intermittent theta burst stimulation (iTBS) and virtual reality exposure therapy leads to a significantly greater reduction in acrophobia than virtual reality exposure with sham stimulation. In this randomized double-blind placebo-controlled study, 43 participants with acrophobia received verum or sham iTBS over the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex prior to two sessions of virtual reality exposure therapy. Stimulation of the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex with iTBS was motivated by an experimental study showing a positive effect on extinction memory retention. Acrophobic symptoms were assessed using questionnaires and two behavioral approach tasks one week before, after treatment and six months after the second diagnostic session. The results showed that two sessions of virtual reality exposure therapy led to a significant reduction in acrophobic symptoms, with an overall remission rate of 79 %. However, there was no additional effect of iTBS of the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex on the therapeutic effects. Further research is needed to determine how exactly a combination of transcranial magnetic stimulation and exposure therapy should be designed to enhance efficacy., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest PP and AM are shareholders in VTplus GmbH, a commercial company specializing in the development research systems for virtual environments. There are no other financial interests that could potentially compete with this agreement., (Copyright © 2024 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Published
2025
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44. Aspects of quercetin stability and its liposomal enhancement in yellow onion skin extracts.

Author

Osojnik Črnivec IG, Skrt M, Polak T, Šeremet D, Mrak P, Komes D, Vrhovšek U, and Poklar Ulrih N

Subjects
Lipid Peroxidation, Drug Stability, Oxidation-Reduction, Hydrogen-Ion Concentration, Antioxidants chemistry, Quercetin chemistry, Onions chemistry, Liposomes chemistry, Plant Extracts chemistry
Abstract

Quercetin is a flavonoid that occurs in many types of fruit and vegetables and is stable for no longer than 4.5 h in the investigated pH range (6.0-8.0), even at 4 °C in the dark. At higher temperatures, the degradation/oxidation process is much faster. Simple but effective proliposomal encapsulation was used to protect the quercetin from environmental conditions such as pH. With this approach, 65 to 90% of pure quercetin and quercetin-rich onion extract was kept after >60 days under conditions that favoured its oxidation (pH 7.4). In addition, the encapsulated quercetin decreases the lipid peroxidation induced by pulsed UV light by >50%. At a mass ratio of 1:100 quercetin to lipids (w/w), the liposomes remained intact in solutions for six months. Quercetin in lipid bilayers simultaneously protects the unsaturated lipids from peroxidation., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved.)

Published
2024
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45. Functional near-infrared spectroscopy and vagus somatosensory evoked potentials add to the power of established parameters such as poor cognitive performance, dsyosmia and APOe genotype to predict cognitive decline over 8 years in the elderly.

Author

Herrmann MJ, Wuttke A, Breuninger L, Eff J, Ettlinger S, Fischer M, Götzelmann A, Gram A, Pomper LD, Schneider E, Schwitalla L, Siminski N, Spielmann F, Weinmann E, Weyel V, Zeller JBM, Lauer M, Deckert J, and Polak T

Abstract

Alzheimer's dementia is the main cause of cognitive impairment in people over the age of 65, with Alzheimer's disease starting presumably 10-15 years before the onset of clinical symptoms. It is therefore important to recognize dementia at an early stage and identify possible predictors. The existing methods, like different parameters of ß-Amyloid and Tau quantification in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) or the living brain by measure of PET, are invasive and expensive. Therefore, the present study investigates the predictive value of a battery of clinical, neuropsychological, and blood parameters as well as two neurophysiological methods (functional near-infrared spectroscopy [fNIRS] and vagus somatosensory evoked potentials [VSEP]) which are easy to perform, less invasive and cost-efficient, for developing cognitive impairments in the elderly.In this longitudinal, prospective study, we enrolled 604 healthy participants between 70 and 77 years of age. The participants were invited back after a mean time interval of 3 years and 11 months, and after 7 years and 8 months, and their cognitive impairments were determined.Here we show that the development of cognitive impairments after approximately 8 years can be predicted not only by previously known risk factors such as ApoE4 risk alleles, dysosmia, or poor cognitive performance at baseline but that latency prolongation in the VSEP and altered functional activation patterns measured by NIRS at baseline also provide additional predictive value.We therefore suggest that both neurophysiological parameters, VSEP and NIRS, should be included in future studies, investigating the prediction of dementia. Dementia ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02224326., Competing Interests: Declarations The Vogel Stiftung Dr. Eckernkamp funded this study. The authors have no competing interests to declare that are relevant to the content of this article. All participants gave written informed consent. The study was approved by the medical ethics committee at the University of Würzburg (vote no. 23/11) and is in accordance with the ethical standards laid down in the 1964 Declaration of Helsinki and its later amendments., (© 2024. The Author(s).)

Published
2024
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46. Meat Starter Culture Reduces Aspergillus parasiticus Production of Aflatoxins on Meat-Based and Salami Model Media.

Author

Zahija Jazbec I, Demšar L, Jeršek B, and Polak T

Subjects
Food Microbiology, Food Contamination prevention & control, Food Contamination analysis, Fermentation, Animals, Aflatoxins biosynthesis, Aspergillus metabolism, Aspergillus growth & development, Meat Products microbiology
Abstract

There is great concern about the risk posed by the consumption of food contaminated with aflatoxins (AF), produced mostly by Aspergillus strains, that can also be found in dry-fermented meat products (DFMPs). The aim of this study was to investigate the inhibitory effect of meat starter culture (SC), frequently used for fermentation in the meat industry, on A. parasiticus growth and the production of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), aflatoxin B2 (AFB2), aflatoxin G1 (AFG1), aflatoxin G2 (AFG2), and sterigmatocystin (STE) on different meat-based (CMA) and salami model (SM-G) media. Incubation was carried out under optimal conditions for fungal growth and under typical conditions for ripening of DFMPs for 21 days. Reversed-phase UPLC-MS/MS analysis was performed to determine mycotoxin production. SC reduced A. parasiticus growth more on CMA than on SM-G media. AFB1 formation was inhibited on both types of SC-containing media, although SC generally had a stronger inhibitory effect on AFB1 production on CMA than on SM-G. AFB1 and AFB2 were produced on CMA, while AFB1 dominated in SM-G, AFG1, and AFG2 were not detected in any media. The results show that SC inhibited AFB1 formation of A. parasiticus on SM-G media after 21 days of incubation under typical conditions for the production of DFMPs. These results indicate the necessity to investigate AF on natural matrices in an environment that is as similar as possible to real conditions in the production of DFMPs.

Published
2024
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47. Contribution of Insoluble Bound Antioxidants from Germinated Seeds of Wheat and Spelt to the Nutritional Value of White Bread.

Author

Mencin M, Golob K, Krek M, Polak T, Požrl T, and Terpinc P

Subjects
Germination, Solubility, Triticum chemistry, Antioxidants chemistry, Antioxidants isolation & purification, Seeds chemistry, Bread analysis, Nutritive Value, Phenols chemistry, Phenols isolation & purification
Abstract

This research aimed to study the dynamic changes in phenolic antioxidants between the germ and the rest of the germinated seed of wheat and spelt and to evaluate the whole grain flour from germinated seeds as a functional supplement. Longer germination resulted in higher TPC, DPPH, and ABTS values when considering the entire germinated seed, while the optimal germination time was not consistent when considering the germ and the remaining germinated seed separately. While in the germinated seed (without germ) the majority of TPC was determined to be bound phenolics (up to 92%), the extractable form dominated in the germ (up to 69%). The most abundant phenolic antioxidants in germinated wheat and spelt seeds, trans -ferulic acid, cis -ferulic acid, and p -coumaric acid, increased significantly with germination. Only breads with 5% germinated spelt or wheat flour were suitable for the production of a food product, showing higher extractable TPC, antioxidant activity, individual phenolic acids, and improved specific volume, and were preferred because of their appearance, aroma, and color. The PCA biplot showed that the addition of 15% and 30% germinated flours had the greatest positive impact on phenolic properties, while breads with the addition of 5% germinated flour had the greatest positive impact on specific volume and color.

Published
2023
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48. Identification and Quantification of Selected Benzoxazinoids and Phenolics in Germinated Spelt ( Triticum spelta ).

Author

Živković A, Gođevac D, Cigić B, Polak T, and Požrl T

Abstract

In this study, we investigated the effects of germination on the secondary metabolite composition in spelt grains. Germination significantly increased the content of various metabolites in free and bound forms. Benzoxazinoids were the most important compounds in the free fraction of the 96 h germinated grains (MBOA content as the predominant compound was 277.61 ± 15.29 µg/g DW). The majority of phenolic acids were present in the bound fraction, with trans -ferulic acid as the main component, reaching 753.27 ± 95.87 µg/g DW. The often neglected cis -isomers of phenolic acids accounted for about 20% of the total phenolic acids. High levels of apigenin di-C-glycosides were found in spelt grains, and the schaftoside content was most affected by germination, increasing threefold. The accumulation of secondary metabolites significantly increased the antioxidant activity of germinated spelt. According to the results of this study, the content of most bioactive compounds was highest in spelt grains after 96 h of germination. These data suggest that germinated spelt could potentially be valuable for the production of functional foods.

Published
2023
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49. Changes in Clinical Management of Patients with Schizophrenia Treated with Long-Acting Injectable Antipsychotics (LAIs), Including Telepsychiatry Use, During the COVID-19 Pandemic.

Author

Haider B, O'Sullivan AK, Bessonova L, Keane E, Achtyes E, Harvey PD, Kane JM, Saklad SR, Trotter JP, Claxton A, Polak T, McGrory J, Noori W, Sikora Kessler A, Yarlas A, and Velligan D

Abstract

Purpose: The COVID-19 pandemic substantially impacted care of patients with schizophrenia treated with long-acting injectable antipsychotics (LAIs). This study (OASIS-MAPS) examined how clinical sites adapted operations and used telepsychiatry to maintain standard of care for these patients during the pandemic., Methods: Two online surveys (initial: October-November 2020, N = 35; follow-up: July-September 2021, N = 21) were completed by a principal investigator (PI) or PI-appointed designee at sites participating in the OASIS study (NCT03919994). Survey responses were analyzed descriptively., Results: At the time of the initial survey, all 35 participating sites were using variants of telepsychiatry, with 20 sites adopting it after the pandemic started. Most sites reported no negative impacts of the pandemic on medication adherence, although approximately 20% of sites reported decreased adherence for LAIs. Twelve sites (34%) reported switching patients with schizophrenia from LAIs to oral antipsychotic medications, while 11 sites (31%) reported switching patients from shorter to longer injection interval LAIs during the pandemic. Most sites did not experience difficulties in implementing or expanding telepsychiatry services, although lower reimbursement rate for telepsychiatry and patients' lack of access to and training on relevant technologies were the most frequently reported barriers., Conclusion: Changes made by sites after the pandemic onset were viewed by almost all participants as satisfactory for maintaining standard of care. Almost all participants thought that the use of telepsychiatry services would continue after the pandemic in a hybrid manner combining telepsychiatry and office visits. Ensuring that patients have equitable access to telepsychiatry will be important in the post-pandemic future., Competing Interests: Batool Haider, James McGrory, and Elizabeth Keane are employees of Alkermes, Inc., a pharmaceutical company which manufactures products including antipsychotic medications for people with schizophrenia and bipolar I disorder. These authors may be shareholders. Amy K. O’Sullivan, Leona Bessonova, Amy Claxton, Tiffany Polak, and Wahidullah Noori were employees of Alkermes, Inc. at the time this study was conducted. Asia Sikora Kessler and Aaron Yarlas were employees of QualityMetric Incorporated, LLC, a consulting company specializing in health measurement solutions, which was paid by Alkermes, Inc. for assistance in study design, analyses, and manuscript development, at the time this study was conducted. Eric Achtyes has consulted or served on advisory boards for Alkermes Inc., and has received research grants and/personal fees from Alkermes, Inc, Biogen, Boehringer Ingelheim, Janssen, Neurocrine Biosciences, Takeda, Atheneum, Karuna, Lundbeck, Otsuka, Sunovion, Teva; briefly owned stock from AstraZeneca, Johnson and Johnson, Moderna, and Pfizer, outside the submitted work. Philip D. Harvey, John M. Kane, Stephen R. Saklad, and Dawn Velligan have served as paid consultants for Alkermes, Inc. Philip D. Harvey reports personal fees from Bioexcel, Boehringer Ingelheim, Karuna Pharma, Merck Pharma, Minerva Pharma, Roche Pharma, Sunovion Pharma, principal investigator for iFunction, royalties from WCG Verasci, payment for grant reviews from Alkermes, outside the submitted work. John M. Kane reports personal fees from Alkermes, Allergan, Boehringer Ingelheim, Indivior, Intracellular Therapies, Johnson & Johnson, Merck, Minerva, Neurocrine, HLS, HealthRhythms; personal fees from and shareholder of LB Pharmaceuticals, Vanguard Research Group, North Shore Therapeutics; grants and personal fees from Janssen Pharmaceutical, Sunovion; personal fees from and advisory board of Newron, Novartis, Otsuka, Teva, Click Therapeutics, Cerevel, Dainippon Sumitomo, H. Lundbeck; royalties from UpToDate, outside the submitted work. Dawn Velligan reports grants and/or personal fees from Alkermes, Indivior, Otsuka, Karuna, and Janssen, during the conduct of the study. Jeffrey Trotter is an employee of Worldwide Clinical Trials, a clinical research vendor paid by Alkermes, Inc. The authors report no other conflicts of interest in this work., (© 2023 Haider et al.)

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2023
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50. Author Correction: Common variants in Alzheimer's disease and risk stratification by polygenic risk scores.

Author

de Rojas I, Moreno-Grau S, Tesi N, Grenier-Boley B, Andrade V, Jansen IE, Pedersen NL, Stringa N, Zettergren A, Hernández I, Montrreal L, Antúnez C, Antonell A, Tankard RM, Bis JC, Sims R, Bellenguez C, Quintela I, González-Perez A, Calero M, Franco-Macías E, Macías J, Blesa R, Cervera-Carles L, Menéndez-González M, Frank-García A, Royo JL, Moreno F, Huerto Vilas R, Baquero M, Diez-Fairen M, Lage C, García-Madrona S, García-González P, Alarcón-Martín E, Valero S, Sotolongo-Grau O, Ullgren A, Naj AC, Lemstra AW, Benaque A, Pérez-Cordón A, Benussi A, Rábano A, Padovani A, Squassina A, de Mendonça A, Arias Pastor A, Kok AAL, Meggy A, Pastor AB, Espinosa A, Corma-Gómez A, Martín Montes A, Sanabria Á, DeStefano AL, Schneider A, Haapasalo A, Kinhult Ståhlbom A, Tybjærg-Hansen A, Hartmann AM, Spottke A, Corbatón-Anchuelo A, Rongve A, Borroni B, Arosio B, Nacmias B, Nordestgaard BG, Kunkle BW, Charbonnier C, Abdelnour C, Masullo C, Martínez Rodríguez C, Muñoz-Fernandez C, Dufouil C, Graff C, Ferreira CB, Chillotti C, Reynolds CA, Fenoglio C, Van Broeckhoven C, Clark C, Pisanu C, Satizabal CL, Holmes C, Buiza-Rueda D, Aarsland D, Rujescu D, Alcolea D, Galimberti D, Wallon D, Seripa D, Grünblatt E, Dardiotis E, Düzel E, Scarpini E, Conti E, Rubino E, Gelpi E, Rodriguez-Rodriguez E, Duron E, Boerwinkle E, Ferri E, Tagliavini F, Küçükali F, Pasquier F, Sanchez-Garcia F, Mangialasche F, Jessen F, Nicolas G, Selbæk G, Ortega G, Chêne G, Hadjigeorgiou G, Rossi G, Spalletta G, Giaccone G, Grande G, Binetti G, Papenberg G, Hampel H, Bailly H, Zetterberg H, Soininen H, Karlsson IK, Alvarez I, Appollonio I, Giegling I, Skoog I, Saltvedt I, Rainero I, Rosas Allende I, Hort J, Diehl-Schmid J, Van Dongen J, Vidal JS, Lehtisalo J, Wiltfang J, Thomassen JQ, Kornhuber J, Haines JL, Vogelgsang J, Pineda JA, Fortea J, Popp J, Deckert J, Buerger K, Morgan K, Fließbach K, Sleegers K, Molina-Porcel L, Kilander L, Weinhold L, Farrer LA, Wang LS, Kleineidam L, Farotti L, Parnetti L, Tremolizzo L, Hausner L, Benussi L, Froelich L, Ikram MA, Deniz-Naranjo MC, Tsolaki M, Rosende-Roca M, Löwenmark M, Hulsman M, Spallazzi M, Pericak-Vance MA, Esiri M, Bernal Sánchez-Arjona M, Dalmasso MC, Martínez-Larrad MT, Arcaro M, Nöthen MM, Fernández-Fuertes M, Dichgans M, Ingelsson M, Herrmann MJ, Scherer M, Vyhnalek M, Kosmidis MH, Yannakoulia M, Schmid M, Ewers M, Heneka MT, Wagner M, Scamosci M, Kivipelto M, Hiltunen M, Zulaica M, Alegret M, Fornage M, Roberto N, van Schoor NM, Seidu NM, Banaj N, Armstrong NJ, Scarmeas N, Scherbaum N, Goldhardt O, Hanon O, Peters O, Skrobot OA, Quenez O, Lerch O, Bossù P, Caffarra P, Dionigi Rossi P, Sakka P, Mecocci P, Hoffmann P, Holmans PA, Fischer P, Riederer P, Yang Q, Marshall R, Kalaria RN, Mayeux R, Vandenberghe R, Cecchetti R, Ghidoni R, Frikke-Schmidt R, Sorbi S, Hägg S, Engelborghs S, Helisalmi S, Botne Sando S, Kern S, Archetti S, Boschi S, Fostinelli S, Gil S, Mendoza S, Mead S, Ciccone S, Djurovic S, Heilmann-Heimbach S, Riedel-Heller S, Kuulasmaa T, Del Ser T, Lebouvier T, Polak T, Ngandu T, Grimmer T, Bessi V, Escott-Price V, Giedraitis V, Deramecourt V, Maier W, Jian X, Pijnenburg YAL, Kehoe PG, Garcia-Ribas G, Sánchez-Juan P, Pastor P, Pérez-Tur J, Piñol-Ripoll G, Lopez de Munain A, García-Alberca JM, Bullido MJ, Álvarez V, Lleó A, Real LM, Mir P, Medina M, Scheltens P, Holstege H, Marquié M, Sáez ME, Carracedo Á, Amouyel P, Schellenberg GD, Williams J, Seshadri S, van Duijn CM, Mather KA, Sánchez-Valle R, Serrano-Ríos M, Orellana A, Tárraga L, Blennow K, Huisman M, Andreassen OA, Posthuma D, Clarimón J, Boada M, van der Flier WM, Ramirez A, Lambert JC, van der Lee SJ, and Ruiz A

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2023
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