Search

The aim of the study is to present all distribution sites of Bombus semenoviellus in Poland reported between 1988 and 2019. The increase of species dispersion was concluded, especially in the central part of the country, as well as the occurrence in the high Karkonosze and Tatry mountains. This is likely the effect of progressing climate change, as well as the increase in climate continentalism in Europe. Differences between summer and winter temperatures favour the spread of this Siberian bumblebee species throughout the continent. Many specimens were found on plants originating from its central and west Asia. Those plants also occur in eastern and central Europe which could have helped this bumblebee spread west throughout Europe. B. semenoviellus will increase its range towards Western Europe. Based on observations so far, it is not possible to determine its invasive features and increased competitiveness for food and nesting places in relation to other bumblebee species.

There is experimental evidence of high vibronic activity that accompanies the allowed transition between the ground state and the lowest electronic singlet excited state of oligofurans that contain two, three, and four furan rings. The absorption and emission spectra of the three lowest oligofurans measured at liquid nitrogen temperature show distinct fine structures that are reproduced using the projection-based model of vibronic coupling (with Dushinsky rotation included) parameterized utilizing either Density Functional Theory (DFT, with several different exchange-correlation functionals) or ab initio (CC2) quantum chemistry calculations. Using as a reference the experimental data concerning the electronic absorption and fluorescence for the eight lowest oligofurans, we first analyzed the performance of the exchange-correlation functionals for the electronic transition energies and the reorganization energies. Subsequently, we used the best functionals alongside with the CC2 method to explore how the reorganization energies are distributed among the totally symmetric vibrations, identify the normal modes that dominate in the fine structures present in the absorption and emission bands, and trace their evolution with the increasing number of rings in the oligofuran series. Confrontation of the simulated spectra with the experiment allows for the verification of the performance of the selected DFT functionals and the CC2 method.

Precipitation hardening copper alloy C70250 was selectively laser melted to successfully produce components around 98 pct dense with high mechanical strength and electrical conductivity. Aging heat treatments were carried out at 723 K (450 °C) directly on as-printed samples up to 128 hours. Mechanical testing found that peak yield strength of around 590 MPa could be attained with an electrical conductivity of 34.2 pct IACS after 8 hours of aging. Conductivity continues to increase with further aging while the peak strength appears to be less sensitive to aging time exhibiting a broad range of time where near-peak properties exist. After aging for 128 hours, there is a drop in yield strength to 546 MPa with an increase in conductivity to 43.2 pct IACS. Electron microscopy analysis revealed nanometer-scale silicon-rich oxide particles throughout the material that persist during aging. Deformation twinning is observed in the peak-age condition after tensile testing and several strengthening mechanisms appear to be active to varying degrees throughout aging which account for the broad range of aging time where nearly the peak mechanical properties exist.

This study examined shifts over a 35-year period in the phenology of the four most important bumblebee species (Bombus terrestris, B. lapidarius, B. pascuorum and B. hortorum) in Central Europe. The species showed similar temporal trends, significantly advancing components of their main flight period in association with rising temperatures such that, for example, mid-dates of the main flight period advanced by 10–23 days over the study period. Drivers of this change differed between the four species. Trends in, and drivers of, the timing of first queens, first workers and first males were less consistent. Aspects of the phenology of the least common species, B. hortorum, were up to a month earlier than the other species and climatic effects less clear cut. There were some suggestions of differences between species trends. These results stress the importance of considering changes and drivers of change for the Bombus family on a species-specific basis with the need to pay more attention to the life history traits of the study organisms.

Components were fabricated via selective laser melting (SLM) of prealloyed Cu-4.3 pct Sn powder and heat treated at 873 K and 1173 K (600 °C and 900 °C) for 1 hour. Tensile testing, conductivity measurement, and detailed microstructural characterization were carried out on samples in the as-printed and heat-treated conditions. Optimization of build parameters resulted in samples with around 97 pct density with a yield strength of 274 MPa, an electrical conductivity of 24.1 pct IACS, and an elongation of 5.6 pct. Heat treatment resulted in lower yield strength with significant increases in ductility due to recrystallization and a decrease in dislocation density. Tensile sample geometry and surface finish also showed a significant effect on measured yield strength but a negligible change in measured ductility. Microstructural characterization indicated that grains primarily grow epitaxially with a submicron cellular solidification substructure. Nanometer scale tin dioxide particles identified via X-ray diffraction were found throughout the structure in the tin-rich intercellular regions.

In-situ uniaxial tensile tests coupled with X-ray computed tomography (XCT) were carried out on a Cu-4.3Sn alloy fabricated by selective laser melting. XCT models were constructed to enable step-by-step visualization of pore growth during deformation. Evolution of pores (mean diameter, density, volume fraction and sphericity) was quantified as a function of plastic strain. Evolution of the largest 7 pores existing in the as-printed part are individually characterized and coalescence is graphically presented. Results show that macroscopic instability begins once the largest internal pores reach the surface. Also, accelerated growth and coalescence of the largest 50 pores leads to rapid localization of strain followed by fracture. Pore growth was modeled using the Rice-Tracey (RT) and Huang models for different populations of pores and the parameters were optimized. The RT and Huang constants were found to depend on the initial mean pore diameter.

biodiversity loss, dynamic, future, land use change scenarios, pollinators, projections, species distribution models (SDMs), wild bees Bumblebees in Europe have been in steady decline since the 1900s. This decline is expected to continue with climate change as the main driver. However, at the local scale, land use and land cover (LULC) change strongly affects the occurrence of bumblebees. At present, LULC change is rarely included in models of future distribu- tions of species. This study ’ s objective is to compare the roles of dynamic LULC change and climate change on the projected distribution patterns of 48 European bumblebee species for three change scenarios until 2100 at the scales of Europe, and Belgium, Netherlands and Luxembourg (BENELUX). We compared three types of models: (1) only climate covariates, (2) climate and static LULC covariates and (3) climate and dynamic LULC covariates. The climate and LULC change scenarios used in the models include, extreme growth applied strategy (GRAS), business as might be usual and sustainable European development goals. We analysed model performance, range gain/loss and the shift in range limits for all bumblebees. Over- all, model performance improved with the introduction of LULC covariates. Dynamic models projected less range loss and gain than climate-only projections, and greater range loss and gain than static models. Overall, there is considerable variation in species responses and effects were most pronounced at the BENELUX scale. The majority of species were predicted to lose considerable range, particularly under the extreme growth scenario (GRAS; overall mean: 64% 34). Model simulations pro- ject a number of local extinctions and considerable range loss at the BENELUX scale (overall mean: 56% 39). Therefore, we recommend species-specific modelling to understand how LULC and climate interact in future modelling. The efficacy of dynamic LULC change should improve with higher thematic and spatial resolution. Nevertheless, current broad scale representations of change in major land use classes impact modelled future distribution patterns.

Bumble bees represent one of the most important groups of pollinators. In addition to their ecological and economic relevance , they are also a highly charismatic group which can help to increase the interest of people in realizing, enjoying and conserving natural systems. However, like most animals, bum-ble bees are sensitive to climate. In this atlas, maps depicting potential risks of climate change for bumble bees are shown together with informative summary statistics, ecological background information and a picture of each European species. Thanks to the EU FP7 project STEP, the authors gathered over one million bumblebee records from all over Europe. Based on these data, they modelled the current climatic niche for almost all European species (56 species) and projected future climatically suitable conditions using three climate change scenarios for the years 2050 and 2100. While under a moderate change scenario only 3 species are projected to be at the verge of extinction by 2100, 14 species are at high risk under an intermediate change scenario. Under a most severe change scenario as many as 25 species are projected to lose almost all of their climatically suitable area, while a total of 53 species (77% of the 69 European species) would lose the main part of their suitable area. Climatic risks for bumblebees can be extremely high, depending on the future development of human society, and the corresponding effects on the climate. Strong mitigation strategies are needed to preserve this important species group and to ensure the sustainable provision of pollination services, to which they considerably contribute. On the front cover: Bombus hyperboreus, an Arctic bumblebee species that is threatened by global warming

Many +people connected with the Christian-Jewish dialogue as well as some ecclesial documents, including THE GIFTS AND THE CALLING OF GOD, have declared the church's relationship with the Jewish People totally unique. There is certainly an important dimension of this claim. Christianity has a theological and historical link with Judaism that is sui generis. The church accepts the Jewish Scriptures as revelatory and since Vatican II has proclaimed a special bonding with the Jewish People, a bonding it does not enjoy with any other world religion. But there is a danger that the uniqueness is sometimes overemphasized including in THE GIFTS AND THE CALLING. Such overemphasis has the potential to marginalize the Christian-Jewish dialogue as exclusively a North Atlantic issue. There is need to show how the documents generated by the Christian-Jewish dialogue have relevance for global Christianity and for the dialogue with other world religions.

Transplanting adult stem cells provides a stringent test for self-renewal and the assessment of comparative engraftment in competitive transplant assays. Transplantation of satellite cells into mammalian skeletal muscle provided the first critical evidence that satellite cells function as adult muscle stem cells. Transplantation of a single satellite cell confirmed and extended this hypothesis, providing proof that the satellite cell is a bona fide adult skeletal muscle stem cell as reported by Sacco et al. (Nature 456(7221):502-506). Satellite cell transplantation has been further leveraged to identify culture conditions that maintain engraftment and to identify self-renewal deficits in satellite cells from aged mice. Conversion of iPSCs (induced pluripotent stem cells) to a satellite cell-like state, followed by transplantation, demonstrated that these cells possess adult muscle stem cell properties as reported by Darabi et al. (Stem Cell Rev Rep 7(4):948-957) and Mizuno et al. (FASEB J 24(7):2245-2253). Thus, transplantation strategies involving either satellite cells derived from adult muscles or derived from iPSCs may eventually be exploited as a therapy for treating patients with diseased or failing skeletal muscle. Here, we describe methods for isolating dispersed adult mouse satellite cells and satellite cells on intact myofibers for transplantation into recipient mice to study muscle stem cell function and behavior following engraftment .

The paper presents new information about the occurrence of Chalybion omissum (KOHL, 1889) in central part of Balkan Peninsula (southern Bulgaria). Seven specimens were caught at 4 sites: N of Kurdzhali (UTM: LG61), Usstrem village (MG55), NE of Kalimantsi village (GL09), NE of Madzharovo (MG01).

The paper presents the first information about the occurrence of Trypoxylon kostylevi ANTROPOV, 1985 in Poland on the basis of a female and a male collected from the Mazurian Lakeland. Brief characteristics of the species and its distribution in Europe are given. A key to the species of the genus Trypoxylon recorded in Poland is provided

The absorption, pre-resonance, and resonance Raman spectra of 1,4,5,8-naphthalenetetracarboxy dianhydride (NTCDA) molecule are examined in terms of time-dependent density functional theory at TD-B3LYP/aug-cc-pVDZ and TD-SVWN/aug-cc-pVDZ levels. The Franck–Condon analysis performed for two 11Ag 11B2u and 11Ag 11B3u overlapping transitions leads to an excellent agreement between the theoretical predictions and experimental data providing that the calculated absorption is confronted with that measured in chloroform or acetonitrile but not in the ethanol (methanol) solution. We argue that absorption spectra measured in ethanol solution already known in literature do not characterize NTCDA molecule. On the basis of the absorption and resonance scattering spectra, we may deliberate that the dimerization of NTCDA is responsible for utterly different absorption observed in ethanol (methanol) comparing with less active solvents (chloroform and acetonitrile). That conclusion is supported by the dimer vibronic theory and by the TD-B97d computations at the aug-cc-pVDZ basis set level. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

The vibronic coupling theory based on the Franck–Condon (FC) approach was applied to study the absorption and magnetic circular dichroism (MCD) spectra of 1,8-naphthalimide in the excitation region corresponding to the low-energy 1A 1 → 2A 1 and 1A 1 → 1B 1 transitions. The computations carried out in terms of PBE0 and CC2 methods have shown that the vertical excitation energies of 2A 1 and 1B 1 states and Franck–Condon parameters from CC2/aug-cc-pVDZ computation lead to a very good agreement with the experiment. MCD analysis suggests that the vibronic coupling effects between 2A 1 and 1B 1 states may be responsible for observed minor discrepancies between the theoretical and empirical MCD spectra.

The paper presents information on two species of digger wasps, Sceliphron destillatorium (Illiger, 1807) and S. curvatum (Smith, 1870), alien for the fauna of Poland (within its present borders). Both species are presently spreading in the country. Sceliphron destillatorium, a South-Palaearctic species, has been observed in Poland since 1960. Sceliphron curvatum was introduced to Europe from Asia in the 1970s, and at present it is known from many South- and Central-European countries. The species was found for the first time in Poland in 2003. New localities of the two species in Poland are given and issues connected with their present distribution are discussed.

The paper presents Psenulus meridionalis Beaumont, 1937 – the digger wasp new to Polish fauna. Three specimens were collected in the Podlasie region (Biebrza National Park) and another two in the Wielkopolska-Kujawy Lowland. The newly revealed localities define now the northern limit of the species range in Europe. Currently, sixspecies representing the genus are known from Poland.

One female of Nysson distinguendus Chevrier, 1867 was found in the Wielkopolska-Kujawy Lowland inTorun-Glinki, where vegetation is formed by multi-age pine forests with dry heaths and psammophilous grasslands. This is the first record in Poland. The present data indicate that this species may be just as widespread as N. dimidiatus Jurine, 1807, with whom N. distinguendus has long been identified.

Some ambiguity remains in the official Catholic understanding of dialogue and mission, but the basic thrust of Vatican II Catholicism definitely leans toward a nonmissionizing position with regard to Jews. This seems evident in the several statements on Christian-Jewish relations beginning with the conciliar text Nostra aetate and continuing in papal statements and the writings of individual theologians. This thrust stands in opposition to Gavin D'Costa's claim for a continued mandate of mission to the Jews.

When I survey the vast field of literature on social ethics, including that from progressive Christian scholars, I find little, if any, recognition that the positive development in the understanding of the Christian-Jewish relationship these past forty years have any relevance for shaping Christian perspectives on social ethics today. In this presentation I share some reflections on various areas of study within the context of the Christian-Jewish dialogue, especially the experience of the Holocaust, which in my judgment do make an important difference in the way we present Christian thinking on social ethical questions. The positive impact of the Hebrew Scriptures is one important area as is the enhanced understanding of law in the Hebrew Scriptures and in Judaism generally. Also of significance is the growing body of literature linking Jesus positively to the Jewish tradition of his time, including in terms of his moral teaching. The same holds true for new studies on Paul's positive relationshi...

Responses of insects to recent climate change have been well documented in a number of taxa, but not in wasps. This study examined shifts in phenology of the two most important wasp species (Vespa crabro and Vespula germanica) in Poland over the last three decades. Both species showed similar temporal trends, advancing their phenology after the early 1980s, but this pattern was detected only for workers not for the appearance of queens. The appearance times for V. germanica were negatively related to mean April temperature, appearing earlier in years with warmer springs, and positively related to precipitation in April. The studied species advanced aspects of their phenology, but linking this to temperature was not achieved for V. crabro suggesting that we have to pay more attention to the life history traits of the study organisms.

T wo tendencies played a prominent role in shaping the Christian outlook on the issue of the Jewish People and the land of Israel over the centuries. These tendencies have their roots in the early centuries of Christianity. The first of these tendencies was the so-called theology of "perpetual wandering" perspective with respect to the Jewish People. This theology became so imbedded in popular Western culture that even a plant came to bear its name. According to the "perpetual wandering" theology, Christians look upon Jews as forever relegated to the status of "displaced persons" among the nations of the world. A prevailing mindset is evident in many of the patristic writings. When the "veil of the Temple was rent" and the covenant between God and his people broken permanently as a result, Jews received "a bill of divorce," as it where, and from that time onwards they were doomed to roam restless over the face of the earth. This perpetual wandering theology continued in force throughout Christian history into the modern period. The noted biblical scholar who in fact defended Nazism Gerhard Kittel and served as editor of the very influential Theological Dictionary of the New Testament viewed post-biblical Judaism as largely a community in dispersion. "Authentic Judaism," he wrote "abides by the symbol of the stranger wandering restless and homeless on the face of the earth." And even the great Cardinal Augustin Bea, who played such a central role in the development, passage

A combined DFT/TDDFT approach has been applied for calculating the Huang-Rhys (HR) parameters along the totally symmetric normal coordinates for the 1(1)A(g)(1(1)A(1))

This chapter concentrates on Vatican II’s groundbreaking document Nostra Aetate that provided the impetus for a substantial renovation of the perceptions Christians have toward other religions. The fourth article forged a new vision for the church’s relationship with the Jewish people. The chapter explores the significance of this, especially its impact on Christian theology vis-a-vis Second Temple Judaism. It begins by reviewing classical Christian thought which emphasized the displacement of the “old” Israel by Christianity (the “new” Israel). It then discusses the premises undergirding Nostra Aetate 4 and concludes by examining the developments in Christian theology and biblical studies in light of the new Christian-Jewish relationship.