Search

An ultrathin superconducting bilayer creates a coreless fractional vortex when only the second layer has a hole. The quantization is broken by the hole, and the normal core disappears. The magnetic flux is no longer confined near the normal core. The divergence of the magnetic flux density is truncated around the center. We propose basic design of a practical device to realize a coreless fractional vortex.

An ultrathin superconducting bilayer can admit a monotonic magnetic field when one layer has a slit even in a Meissner state. The rotation of the superconducting quantum phase by a vector potential for the magnetic field is compensated by a phase shift accompanying an inter-layer phase difference mode which grows from the slit. This phase difference mode may grow to form a fractional vortex, and it may show a close relationship with experimentally observed fractional vortices.

We report the experimental formation of a fractional vortex generated by using a thin superconducting bi-layer in the form of a niobium bi-layer, observed as a magnetic flux distribution image taken by a scanning superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID) microscope. Thus, we demonstrated that multi-component superconductivity can be realized by an s-wave conventional superconductor, because, in these superconductors, the magnetic flux is no longer quantized as it is destroyed by the existence of an inter-component phase soliton (i-soliton).

An ultra-thin superconducting bi-layer is an artificial multi-component superconductor in which the magnetic flux can be fractionally quantized. The fractionally quantized state is energetically unfavorable, so it is difficult to realize experimentally. We propose a new method to create fractional quantized states by the reaction of a unit quantized state with an externally injected inter-layer phase-difference soliton. Simulation shows that the unit quantized state splits the soliton and the soliton fragments produce fractional quanta by dissociation of the unit quantum.

The sliding motions of inter-band phase difference solitons ( i -solitons) cause time-dependent superconducting phase variations in two-band superconductors. Two different voltages cannot exist at the same spatial location, although the conventional AC Josephson effect demands the presence of a voltage difference between the two bands at the same location, if the time-variation of the phase generates the voltage, for which a physical interpretation is not possible. Instead of the conventional AC Josephson effect, a non-linear Klein-Gordon equation (sine-Gordon equation) can enable the dissipationless movement of i -solitons, without voltage generation.

Several simple methods of DNA preparation from plant tissues were evaluated for PCR-RFLP analyses of SLG and SRK alleles, which can be used for the identification of S haplotypes of breeding lines in broccoli and cabbage (Brassica oleracea L.) and in purity tests of F

The increasing demand for the high energy density of lithium-ion batteries gives rise to the development of larger particle sizes of the active electrode materials. 20 μm-sized Li(Co 1− x Li x )O 2− δ agglomerates are synthesized via solid-state reactions with different nominal compositions (Li/Co=1.00, 1.02, and 1.05) at 1000 °C for 5 h in ambient air while suppressing the lithium vaporization. Careful inductively coupled plasma and iodometric measurements indicate the existence of tetravalent cobalt in the solid solutions ( x >0). The decreasing ideal capacity with the increasing x value could cause the resulting initial capacities at under a quasi-equilibrium condition. The defect structure is also discussed in terms of the structural parameters calculated from Rietveld refinements of the high-energy synchrotron-radiation powder-diffraction data.

In ZrP1.25Se0.75, the superconducting transition temperature T c is increased from 5.8 K to 7.6 K when Sc atoms are partially substituted for Zr atoms having almost the same atomic radius as Sc atoms. Transport measurements show that holes are doped with substituting Sc atoms. The density of states in (Zr, Sc)P1.25Se0.75 is derived from band structure calculations and its implication in the doping behaviour and the increase of T c is discussed.

Background Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the fourth most frequent cause of cancer deaths in the world. Novel biomarkers for the diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment of CRC are required to improve the clinical strategy. Methods We applied shotgun proteomics using isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation (iTRAQ) to identify novel biomarkers of CRC, and then we detected leucine-rich PPR-motif-containing protein (LRPPRC) expression in 83 normal colorectal tissues and 133 CRC tissues by immunohistochemistry. Results A total of 570 proteins were identified using iTRAQ. We validated the expression of LRPPRC protein by immunohistochemical analysis of the 77 proteins that showed expression changes in the cancer tissues > 1.5-fold the levels in the normal tissues. The expression levels of LRPPRC were significantly higher in CRC tissues than those in normal colorectal tissues, and the expression levels were related with tumor differentiation and especially high in moderately differentiated CRC tissues. Conclusion We identified a novel, differentially expressed protein, LRPPRC, which has the potential to serve as a molecular target for diagnosis and/or prognosis of CRC.

Streptomyces sp. SK519 was cultivated in the medium containing 0.5% birch wood xylan to produce extracellular xylanase. The xylanase was isolated from the culture supernatant by ammonium sulfate precipitation and partially purified by absorbing on the insoluble xylan. Alkali-extracted kenaf glucuronoylan of which main chain primarily consisting of (1-4)-linked β- D -xylopyranose (Xyl p ), some of which carry α-(1-2)-linked 4- O -methylglucopyranosyl acid (MeGlcA p ) and glucopyranosyluronic acid (GlcA p ) as side chain was digested with the xylanase preparation. At the final stage of digestion, main neutral oligosaccharides were xylotriose (Xyl 3 ) and xylobiose (Xyl 2 ) followed by xylotetraose (Xyl 4 ). Xylose was only formed in a trace amount. As acidic oligosaccharides liberated, following seven aldopentao- and aldotetraouronic acids were isolated in a pure state, respectively, by preparative anion-exchange chromatography. Their structures were determined by analysis of constitutional sugar residues and 1 H and 13 C NMR spectroscopy. Xyl-β-1,4-[MeGlcA-α-1,2-]Xyl-β-1,4-Xyl-β-1,4-Xyl; [MeGlcA-α-1,2-]Xyl-β-1,4-Xyl-β-1,4-Xyl-β-1,4-Xyl; Xyl-β-1,4-[GlcA-α-1,2-]Xyl-β-1,4-Xyl-β-1,4-Xyl [GlcA-α-1,2-]Xyl-β-1,4-Xyl-β-1,4-Xyl-β-1,4-Xyl [MeGlcA-α-1,2-]Xyl-β-1,4-Xyl-β-1,4-D-Xyl [GlcA-α-1,2-]Xyl-β-1,4-Xyl-β-1,4-Xyl Xyl-β-1,4-Xyl-β-1,3-Rha-α-1,2-GalA-α-1,4-Xyl

In this paper, first, we investigate the CNN templates producing periodic patterns. Next, two image processing algorithms using periodic pattern formation in cellular neural networks are proposed. By applying one to a certain image, area having spatial uniformity is removed from the original image and only parts without spatial uniformity remain. Simulation results show that when this algorithm is applied to an image containing characters (texts) or a human face image, only characters or eyes and mouth are extracted. Also, by applying the other to texture image, periodicity is enhanced in area having spatial periodicity, and texture can be segmented. Simulation results show that when this algorithm is applied to image that consists of four kinds of textures, each texture area can be segmented.

Microwave treatment of a mixture of a tin- O -phenylene- O hybrid copolymer and graphite gave SnO 2 –carbon cluster–Sn composite material. The resulting composite materials were characterized by using XRD, SEM, EDX and TEM. ESR spectral examinations of the calcined materials reveal the possibility of a photo-responsive electron transfer in the process of carbon clusters → SnO 2 and/or Sn. The calcined material was found to decompose 7,7,8,8-tetracyanoquinodimethane under light irradiation.

N dynamics in soil where wheat straw was incorporated were investigated by a soil incubation experiment using 15 N-labelled nitrate or 15 N-labelled wheat straw. The incubated soils were sampled after 7, 28, 54 days from the incorporation of wheat straw, respectively, and gross rates of N transformations including N remineralization and temporal changes in the amount of microbial biomass were determined. Following the addition of wheat straw into soils, rapid decrease of nitrate content in soil and increase of microbial biomass C and N occurred within the first week from onset of the experiment. Both the gross rates of mineralization and immobilization determined by 15 N-ammonium isotope dilution technique were remarkably enhanced by the addition of wheat straw, and gradually decreased with time. Remineralization rate of N derived from 15 N-labelled nitrate, and mineralization rate of N derived from 15 N-labelled wheat straw was estimated by 15 N isotope dilution technique using non-labelled ammonium. Remineralization rates of N derived from 15 N-labelled nitrate were calculated to be 0.71 mg N kg −1 d −1 after 7 days, 0.55 mg N kg −1 d −1 after 28 days, and 0.29 mg N kg −1 d −1 after 54 days. Nearly 10% of the 15 N-labelled N originally contained in the wheat straw was held in the microbial biomass irrespective of the sampling time. The amount of inorganic N in soil which was derived from 15 N-labelled wheat straw ranged between 1.93 and 2.37 mg N kg −1 . Rates of N transformations in soil with 15 N-labelled wheat straw were obtained by assuming that the k value was equal to the 15 N abundance of biomass N, and the obtained values were considered to be valid.

• Background and Aims Common buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum) is a dimorphic self-incompatible plant with either pin or thrum flowers. The S supergene is thought to govern self-incompatibility, flower morphology and pollen size in buckwheat. Two major types of self-fertile lines have been reported. One is a type with long-homostyle flowers, Kyukei SC2 (KSC2), and the other is a type with short-homostyle flowers, Pennline 10. To clarify whether the locus controlling flower morphology and self-fertility of Pennline 10 is the same as that of KSC2, pollen tube tests and genetic analysis have been performed. • Methods Pollen tube growth was assessed in the styles and flower morphology of KSC2, Pennline 10, F1 and F2 plants that were produced by the crosses between plants with pin or thrum and Pennline 10. • Key Results Pollen tubes of Pennline 10 reached ovules of all flower types. The flower morphology of F1 plants produced by the cross between thrum and Pennline 10 were thrum or pin, and when pin plants were used as maternal plants, all the F1 plants were pin. Both plants with pin or short-pin flowers, whose ratio of style length to anther height was smaller than that of pin, appeared in F2 populations of thrum × Pennline 10 as well as in those of pin × Pennline 10. • Conclusion The results suggest that Pennline 10 possesses the s allele as pin does, not an allele produced by the recombination in the S supergene, and that the short style length of Pennline 10 is controlled by multiple genes outside the S supergene.

A frequency-controlled beam-steering planar array with mixing frequency compensation is presented for cost-effective multichannel phased array applications. The new feed networks for frequency compensation not only operate in wide band but also ensure radio-frequency (RF) amplitude imbalance cancellation and progressive phase distribution. The parallel equal power dividers installed in both LO and intermediate-frequency (IF) feed networks provide uniform amplitude and phase distribution, while the fixed delay lines installed in the LO feed network exhibit precise phase progression, compared to a series feed structure. The LO power imbalance caused by the unequal delay line loss between elements is corrected by pumping each mixer into the LO saturation region, leading to linear IF-RF response. Thus, sidelobe degradation and pattern distortion caused by the RF amplitude imbalance, as well as the beam-steering error and beam squint caused by the phase errors of the delay lines, are removed. The proposed feed networks combined with quasi-Yagi antenna arrays and microwave monolithic integrated circuit mixers realize a broad bandwidth of more than 3 GHz in K band for multichannel wireless applications. The K band transmitter/receiver pair proposed in this paper successfully demonstrates two-channel simultaneous RF transmission and single channel 50-Mb/s data communication with 40/spl deg/ scanning. This simple, compact, yet cost-effective planar array ensures multichannel broadband wireless communications with beam-steering capability.

The effect of the application of organic matter on the fate of 15N-labeled ammonium was investigated in a field. The organic materials incorporated into the experimental plots consisted of wheat straw, rape, pig compost, cow compost, plant manure. In May 2000, 10 g N m−2 of 15N-labeled ammonium was applied to the field together with the organic materials, and maize and winter wheat were consecutively cultivated. The recovery of applied 15N in soils and plants was determined after the harvest of each crop. Although only about 10% of the applied 15N-labeled fertilizer remained in the 0-30 cm layer of the Control Plot and the Plant Manure Plot, more than 25% of the applied 15N remained in the Pig Compost Plot. Amount and proportion of the immobilized 15N to those of total N or microbial biomass N in soils were determined for the topsoil samples (0–10 cm layer). The amounts of both microbial biomass N and total immobilized 15N in soil were highest in the Pig Compost Plot. Although the amount of micro...

The magnetic moment of the short-lived β emitter 35Ar ( I π =3/2 + , T 1/2 =1.77 s) has been remeasured by means of the combined technique of polarized nuclear beams and β-NMR. The obtained magnetic moment is 0.6322(2) μN. This value is consistent with the old data, but is one order of more magnitude precise. The value is well reproduced by the shell model calculation.

Advanced Steady State Tokamak Reactor2 (A-SSTR2) which meets both economical and environmental requirements, has been designed with the thermal fusion power of 2 GW. The toroidal field (TF) coil has a maximum magnetic field of 23 T at conductor and a magnetic stored energy of 181 GJ. For the realization of this coil, large in size and with high magnetic field, the application of high Tc superconductor has been considered.

Molecular sieving carbon (MSC) catalysts were prepared from polyimide containing nickel nitrate, and the catalytic function of the nano-space structure was investigated. After heat-treatment at 650°C, the polyimide film containing nickel nitrate gave an MSC in which Ni particles with the size of 5–10 nm were homogeneously dispersed. The molecular sieve property of the MSC catalyst was comparable to that of zeolite 5A. High selectivity of the MSC catalyst was shown by the competitive hydrogenation reaction of butene isomers. The selectivity is considered to be due to a contribution of the shape selectivity of nano-space having the molecular sieve property, though the perfect shape selectivity was not attained by the catalyst prepared because of the coexistence of reaction sites without selectivity such as a surface of metal particle exposed out of MSC matrix.

The positron camera system has been designed to measure heavy-ion ranges in patients' bodies. The pencil-like beam of positron emitters, such as /sup 11/C, is used to check the range directly and precisely by detecting pairs of annihilation gamma-rays emitted from the end point of the beam trajectory. The positron camera consists of a pair of Anger-type scintillation cameras. The efficiency and the spatial resolution are modeled and simulated by a Monte Carlo method and a numerical calculation so that the positron camera has a high position accuracy for a small amount of irradiation dose. The simulation shows that the optimum effective diameter of the camera crystal is 500 mm and its thickness is 30 mm. The crystal diameter is concluded to be 600 mm by taking the outermost photomultiplier mounting into account. The simulation moreover, indicates that the range can be measured within an accuracy of 1 mm under the limitation that the irradiation dose has to be less than a few percent of the therapeutic one.

Highly transparent, low-resistance SnO 2 :F films suitable as a substrate material for thin-film CdS/CdTe solar cells have been developed on 10 × 10, 30 x 60 and 82 x 71 cm 2 glass substrates by an ultrasonic spray pyrolysis (pyrosol) process. Dimethyltin dichloride, NH 4 F and HF dissolved in water served as the source solution. A fine spray of the source solution has been transported using air as a carrier gas onto hot glass plates in a belt furnace maintained at 500-530°C. A very high growth rate of > 15 nm/s and a high throughput of 3 min/glass plate (82 x 71 cm 2 size) have been achieved with films showing greater uniformity, low sheet resistance and high optical transmission. Typical films exhibited a thickness of 500 nm, a sheet resistance of 8.1 Ω/sq., a mobility of 43.8 cm 2 /V s and a donor concentration of 3.5 x 10 20 cm -3 . A thin-film CdS/CdTe solar cell fabricated on a 30 x 60 cm 2 SnO 2 :F transparent conducting substrate exhibited a solar energy conversion efficiency maximum of 14.95% for 1 cm 2 cell and an average efficiency of 14.24% for 178 isolated 1 cm 2 cells.

Highly efficient large area (10.5%, 1376 cm2) thin-film CdS/CdTe solar cell sub-module has been fabricated. Very recently we also have fabricated a very large area sub-module of aperture area 5413 cm2 exhibiting a conversion efficiency of 8.4%. Such a high efficiency has been achieved by depositing all the constituent films such as SnO2: F, CdS and CdTe having greater uniformity and better quality under atmospheric pressure conditions. A post deposition treatment of CdTe surface with CdCl2 has been optimized to improve the overall solar cell output performance significantly.

Highly transparent, low-resistance SnO{sub 2}:F films suitable as a substrate material for thin film CdS/CdTe solar cells have been developed on 10 {times} 10 cm glass substrates by an ultrasonic spray pyrolysis (pyrosol) technique using dimethyltin dichloride (DMTDC) as a tin source. DMTDC, NH{sub 4}F, and HF, all dissolved in water, served as the source solution. An ultrasonic vibrator operated at 1.5 MHz produced a fine spray of the source solution. It was transported, using air as a carrier gas, to moving glass plates in a belt furnace maintained at 530 C. A very high growth rate of nearly 100 {angstrom}/s was realized in this process with good homogeneity, high transparency, and low resistivity. Films with a sheet resistance of less than 10 {Omega}/{open_square} have been routinely prepared and their preparation technology has been well established. A proper nozzle design and exhaust system to remove the spent gases determines the technology of obtaining spot and cloud free homogeneous films in the belt furnace. A film of 5000 {angstrom} thickness exhibited the lowest electrical resistivity, of 3.9 {times} 10{sup {minus}4} {Omega} cm, a mobility value of 38 cm{sup 2}/V s, and a donor concentration of 4.16 {times} 10{sup 20} cm{sup {minus}3}.more » Films of 5000--6000 {angstrom} thickness having an average transmittance of nearly 85% in the visible range and a sheet resistance of around 8 {Omega}/{open_square} were used as transparent conducting oxide film substrates to fabricate thin film CdS/CdTe solar cells. A solar energy conversion efficiency of over 14% was achieved.« less

This paper describes a single-mode(SM) optical fibre SSB data communication system for use in place of power-line data transmission. In the optical transmitter, SSB data is fed through the squarewave frequency (SWFM) modulator to the edge-emitting LED (ELED) module. The light beam of the ELED module is fed to the SM optical fibre having a length of 12km. In the optical receiver, the light beam received through the SM optical fibre is detected by the PIN photodiode module, and fed to the SWFM detector to obtain the double-pulse frequency modulation (DPFM) signal voltage. The DPFM signal voltage at the output of the SWFM detector is fed to the low-pass filter (LPF) to obtain analogue SSB data. When the transmission was experimentally carried out, the spurious component was as low as −50–−70 dB and the SNR of SSB data as high as more than 65–70 dB. The optical transmitter and receiver were attached to the conventional analogue SSB data communication system to constitute a new optical fibre analogue SSB data communication system. During the field test utilizing the new system, the crosstalk and SNR were 60–70 dB and 60–70 dB on each channel, respectively. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Carbonization behavior of polyimide mixed with nickel compounds was investigated.The carbonization behavior of polyimide was altered by nickel compounds added at the precursor stage. The size of nickel metal crystal which was given by reduction of the nickel compounds at the early stage of polyimide carbonization varied as well below the heat-treatment temperature of 600°C. However, the size of nickel crystal afterheat-treatment at 800°C and the crystal parameters of turbostratic carbon developed by the catalytic effects of nickel metal were independent of the original nickel compounds and the same values were given for all nickel containing samples.

結腸間膜由来の平滑筋肉腫は比較的稀で, 症状をきたしにくいことから発見時には進行しており転移を伴っていることも多い.S状結腸間膜原発の平滑筋肉腫で症状自覚時にはすでに遠隔転移をきたしており, さらに急速な進展を示し症状自覚後10カ月で死亡した1例を経験したので報告する.症例;62歳, 男性.腹部膨満感, 便秘を主訴に来院.CT, 血管造影の所見よりS状結腸間膜原発の肉腫の診断で結腸部分切除を行った.術前検査で両肺に多発転移を認めており, 化学療法を行ったが肺の転移巣は増大し, 椎弓への転移も出現.症状自覚後10カ月で死亡した.MIB-1標識率70%, DNAヒストグラムではAneuploidyを示しており予後不良の経過をもたらした腫瘍細胞活性の高さを反映しているものと思われた.

The degrees of nuclear spin polarization of 8,12B, 9C, 12N, 13O, 20,21F, 23Mg, 27Si and 39Ca produced in the high energy 12,13C, 16O, 22Ne, 24Mg, 28Si and 40Ca ions on Be collisions have been measured systematically, for the technical developments of the nuclear moment studies as well as the hyperfine interaction studies by means of β-NMR technique. The fragment momentum dependences were well reproduced by the simple kinematical model. Incident energy dependence and the mass dependence as well as the reaction angle dependences were qualitatively explained by the mixing of the near and far side collisions.

今回, Streptococcus bovis菌血症を契機に発見された大腸癌の1例を経験したので, 報告した.症例は67歳, 男性.肺炎に喘息発作を合併し, その治療目的に入院した.入院中に発熱し, 血液培養からStreptococcus bovisが分離されたため大腸の検索を施行したところ, 直腸癌が発見された.低位前方切除術を施行し, 退院した.Streptococcus bovisによる菌血症と大腸癌との関連は, 欧米ではよく知られているが, 日本ではその認識は低い.現在のところ, Streptococcus bovisと大腸癌の直接の因果関係については不明な点も多いが, 併存率が高いことは事実であり, この認識は重要である.

The Knight shifts K for short-lived β emitters 12N and 27Si implanted in Pt have been measured by means of β-NMR technique. The results were K(12N in Pt)= +(5.8 ± 2.1)× 10-4 and K(27Si in Pt)= +(1.4 ± 0.8)× 10-3. The spin–lattice relaxation time T1 was measured for 12N in Pt. The result was T1(12N in Pt, T=300 K)= 66 ± 8 ms, thus, T1T= 20 ± 2 Ks. The present Knight shifts are in good agreement with the KKR band structure calculation with local lattice relaxation determined theoretically.

The β-NMR spectra of 21F, 23Mg, 27Si and 39Ca which were produced in heavy ion collisions and implanted in various crystals have been observed. The magnetic moments of 21F and 27Si were determined to be |μ(21F)| = 3.9194 ± 0.0012 μN and |μ(27Si)| = 0.8653 ± 0.0003 μN, respectively. The electric quadrupole coupling constants were determined for the first time to be |eqQ(21F in MgF2)/h|= 9.94 ± 0.09 MHz, |eqQ(23Mg in MgF2)/h|= 1.96 ± 0.06 MHz, |eqQ(27Si in Al2O3)/h|= 1.90 ± 0.12 MHz, |eqQ(39Ca in CaCO3)/h|= 0.60 ± 0.04 MHz. From the present eqQ/h, the Q moments were deduced as |Q(21F)|= 110 ± 22 mb, |Q(23Mg)|= 114 ± 3 mb, |Q(27Si)|= 60 ± 13 mb and |Q(39Ca)|= 36± 7 mb. The present data were compared with the theoretical values obtained by the OXBASH shell model code.

A new process, the Non Anchor Coating Extrusion Laminating Process for producing an extrusion laminated film without any chemical primer, was investigated. Good adhesive properties were obtained by combining an ozone treatment of a molten polyethylene (LDPE) web and an activation treatment of the polyamide (ONy) substrate film. The adhesion mechanism induced by the new process was studied by FT-IR, ESCA and extraction of unreacted polyamide from the laminated samples. The peel strength between the ONy and LDPE laminated films produced with this process was greater than that for laminated film made with a conventional lamination process using anchor coating agents. A model of the adhesive mechanism is proposed. Hydrogen and covalent bonds through oxygenated functional groups are responsible for the enhanced adhesion.

The isobaric analog state (IAS) of the 11 Li nucleus has been investigated using the (p,n) reaction in inverse kinematics at E( 11 Li ) = 64 A MeV . The IAS has been found in the decay energy spectrum of 11 Be ∗ → 9 Li+p+n at the corresponding excitation energy of 21.16 ± 0.02 MeV with a width of 0.49 ± 0.07 MeV (FWHM). The Coulomb displacement energy, decay width, decay mode and their relation to the halo structure are discussed.

High-efficiency CdSCdTe solar cells with thin CdS film have recently been developed. Semiconductive layers of CdS via the CVD method and of CdTe via the CSS method were deposited on an ITO/#7059 substrate. Cell performance depends primarily on the thickness of CdS film, and the conversion efficiency is highest for a CdS film thickness of around 60 nm. Since the CdS film thickness decreases by about 30% during deposition of the CdTe layer, a thickness of 95 nm is required to obtain a 60 nm-thick CdS film after deposition of a CdTe layer. By observing the CdS film during the CdTe deposition process, a decrease was detected before CdTe layer completely covers the surface of the CdS film. By optimizing the thickness of CdS film, an efficiency of 15.12% for the best cell under AM 1.5 verified at JQA was obtained. This fabrication process has good reproducibility; 92.5% of 1 cm2 solar cells fabricated under the same conditions have efficiencies above 14%.

We designed PCR primers for specific amplification of the 16S rRNA genes of seven species of the genus Methylobacterium. All of the pairwise species tested were successfully differentiated by PCR detection with a combination of five primer sets, with the exception of M. extorquens and M. rhodesianum. These primers did not cross-react with closely related bacteria in the alpha subclass tested.

Charge exchange reactions of the 11 Li nucleus have been measured by means of the inverse kinematics on proton and deuteron targets at 63 A MeV. The isobaric analog state of the 11 Li nucleus has been found at E x ( 11 Be) = 21.14 ± 0.03 MeV with the width Γ = 0.25 −0.1 +0.2 MeV. Neutron halo effects and the configuration of halo nucleons are discussed.

The Coulomb excitation of a halo nucleus 11 Be to its first bound excited state (E1: 1 2 + → 1 2 − ) has been studied using a 64 MeV/u 11 Be radioactive beam incident on a 208 Pb target. The electric dipole strength deduced by a first-order perturbation analysis is in good agreement with the result of previous life-time measurements of the 11 Be 1 2 − state.

We have developed the MPEG2 video decoder and the AC-3 audio decoder LSIs for the DVD player. These decoder LSIs together with single 16 Mbit SDRAM and D/A converters realize the audio/video processing unit with a small number of components for the DVD player. The video decoder LSI adopts the RISC controller to control the dedicated processing hardware cores and a design to integrate the frame memory and bitstream buffers into a single external memory. The audio decoder LSI adopts a 24-bit fixed point DSP core and the dedicated AC-3 accelerator circuit to reduce the amount of software processing in the AC-3 audio decoding.