Search

This essay explores the writings of Georgij Chelpanov, who recognized the value of both psychology and philosophy, much to the displeasure of all. Chelpanov only very guardedly expressed his own philosophical views, which stand, I conclude, in stark contrast with the neo-Kantianisms of both the Marburg and the Baden Schools. We see that in his earliest writings on spatial perception, he not so much differs with Kant as saw the matter from a different perspective. Nonetheless, he shares Kant’s affirmation that the universality and necessity associated with our representation of space affirms its apriority as a condition of cognition, particularly with respect to mathematics. Chelpanov departs from Kant in rejecting the exclusive subjectivity of space and time, arguing that there is something in noumenal reality that corresponds to our specific representations of an object’s temporal and spatial position. Otherwise, there is no way to account for their specificity, for why a perceived object is here and not there. Chelpanov argues this from a psychological viewpoint, but he acknowledges that Kant argues from a logical viewpoint. Turning to the issue of free will, he, in short, argues for a soft determinism that is quite consistent with Kantianism, even though Chelpanov’s argument is bereft of the metaphysics and the architectonic of Kant’s system. In conclusion, although scholars dispute his allegiance to neo-Kantianism, his philosophical writings demonstrate his subdued advocacy of a neo-Kantianism, albeit one more akin to the transcendental realism of Riehl and Paulsen.

BackgroundSrc-like adaptor protein (SLAP), an adaptor between E3 ubiquitin ligase c-Cbl and the TCR complex, is a negative regulator of T-cell activation. SLAP regulates the expression of the CD3 ζ-chain. In accordance with our previous data, SLAP expression is increased in the CD4+ T-cells of patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Recent data demonstrate that SLAP deficiency can prevent zymosan-induced arthritis in mice.ObjectivesWe investigated the role of SLAP in collagen-induced arthritis (CIA).MethodsHomozygous and heterozygous SLAP knock out and wild type (WT) C57BL/6J mice were used. After the isolation of genomial DNA, the genotype of the mice was determined. Then the animals were injected once (primary immunization) or twice (secondary immunization) with type II. collagen, or left untreated (the first injection was applied together with complete Freund’s adjuvant). Mice were monitored twice a week for 70 days, and the severity scores were evaluated. The scores were calculated for each limb (1 limb score: 0=no swelling; 4=the severe swelling).ResultsSLAP deficiency provided almost complete protection from the primary immunization of CIA. By contrast secondary immunization led to similar arthritis of the SLAP-KO, heterozygous or WT mice.ConclusionThe authors’ present data suggest that SLAP deficiency protects dose-dependently from CIA.AcknowledgementsThis work was supported by OTKA/NKFIHO NN 111023; OTKA/NKFIHN K 131479.Disclosure of InterestsNone declared

SETTING Tuberculosis (TB) remains a challenge in Brazil, particularly among prison inmates. OBJECTIVE To assess TB prevalence by active case finding in a public prison in southern Brazil. DESIGN Prison inmates were screened for TB using the presence of cough and chest X-ray (CXR) from October 2014 to August 2016. Presence of cough, irrespective of duration, and abnormal CXRs were further investigated using laboratory tests. RESULTS Of 10 326 inmates screened, 196 had confirmed TB (1898/100 000 inmates screened). At the first screening, 1759 inmates presented with cough only, 16 of whom had TB; among those with only abnormal CXR (n = 1273), 92 had TB. Xpert was positive in 155 patients, and negative in 15; these results were confirmed using culture. The remaining 26 patients did not undergo Xpert testing and were confirmed using microscopy (27%), culture (42%) or both (31%). CONCLUSION The combined use of symptom screening (cough) and CXR was much more effective in maximising TB yield than using either method alone. If patients presenting with cough alone had not been investigated, 10% of TB patients would have been missed; if those with abnormal CXR but no cough had not been investigated, 51% of TB patients would have been missed. We detected high TB prevalence in this prison by using active case finding.

Treatment of alumina bound MTW zeolite extrudates with H 3 PO 4 causes conversion of the binding matrix from Al 2 O 3 to tridymite AlPO 4 and we show the crystalline AlPO 4 coats the surface of the MTW zeolite crystals. In this transformation, the surface area and pore volume of the catalyst decrease precipitously, but the MTW crystallinity remains largely intact. Similar, but less specific behavior was observed when using NH 4 H 2 PO 4 as the phosphorus source. After phosphate treatment, the interaction of P with zeolite framework Al is a major effect reducing acidity of the zeolite. These two effects allow for selectivity control during oligomerization of propylene and butenes. Increasing the phosphorus content of the catalyst from 0 to 10 wt% causes a decrease in the amount of liquid product heavier than gasoline from 15 wt% to 3 wt%. Concomitantly, the selectivity to triisobutylenes increases to almost 50%. Thus we attain catalytic performance similar to traditional solid phosphoric acid catalyst, but with a significant yield of triisobutylenes.

A new advanced technique was developed at the Hungarian Metrological Institute (MKEH), devoted to optimizing the realization of the International Temperature Scale ITS-90. The work was performed within the framework of the European project “Novel techniques for traceable temperature dissemination.” The paper is devoted to describing this new measurement technique and its setup. The time evolution of the solid fraction and melt fraction along the phase transformation has been followed, using a technique based on the difference of the electrical conductivity between the solid and liquid phases of the metal. The measurement technique provides electrical signals, which are suitable for improving the quality of the freezing plateaus realized in the case of different fixed-point realizations, covering the temperature range from $$-39\,^{\circ }\mathrm{C}$$ to $$962\,^{\circ }\mathrm{C}$$ . The ideal section of the freezing plateau can be maintained by ensuring a continuous flow of mass and energy of the fixed-point substance in the axial direction. The intervention is achieved by modifying the temperatures of the different zones of the furnace controller with more degrees, with the aid of developed intervening devices. Recent developments permit the selection of the ideal section of a freezing plateau and, what is more, the increase of this plateau section to practically unlimited for all metal fixed points.

Objectives Several plaque and lesion characteristics have been associated with an increased risk for procedural stroke during or shortly after carotid artery stenting (CAS). While technical advancements in stent design and cerebral protection devices (CPD) may help reduce the procedural stroke risk, and anatomy remains important, tailoring stenting procedures according to plaque and lesion characteristics might be a useful strategy in reducing stroke associated with CAS. In this descriptive report of the ongoing Asymptomatic Carotid Surgery Trial-2 (ACST-2), it was assessed whether choice for stent and use or type of CPD was influenced by plaque and lesion characteristics. Materials and methods Trial patients who underwent CAS between 2008 and 2015 were included in this study. Chi-square statistics were used to study the effects of plaque echolucency, ipsilateral preocclusive disease (90–99%), and contralateral high-grade stenosis (>50%) or occlusion of the carotid artery on interventionalists' choice for stent and CPD. Differences in treatment preference between specialties were also analysed. Results In this study, 831 patients from 88 ACST-2 centres were included. Almost all procedures were performed by either interventional radiologists (50%) or vascular surgeons (45%). Plaque echolucency, ipsilateral preocclusive disease (90–99%), and significant contralateral stenosis (>50%) or occlusion did not affect the choice of stent or either the use of cerebral protection and type of CPD employed (i.e., filter/flow reversal). Vascular surgeons used a CPD significantly more often than interventional radiologists (98.6% vs. 76.3%; p < .001), but this choice did not appear to be dependent on patient characteristics. Conclusions In ACST-2, plaque characteristics and severity of stenosis did not primarily determine interventionalists' choice of stent or use or type of CPD, suggesting that other factors, such as vascular anatomy or personal and centre preference, may be more important. Stent and CPD use was highly heterogeneous among participating European centres.

Epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (HER-2) is overexpressed in 20 to 25% of human breast cancers, which is associated with aggressive tumour growth and poor prognosis. Trastuzumab (Herceptin®) is a humanized monoclonal antibody directed against HER-2, the first highly selective form of therapy targeting HER-2 overexpressing tumours. Although initial trials indicated high efficacy and a favourable safety profile of the drug, the first large, randomized trial prompted a retrospective analysis of cardiac dysfunction in earlier trials utilizing trastuzumab. There has been ongoing debate on the cardiac safety of trastuzumab ever since, initiating numerous clinical and preclinical investigations to better understand the background of trastuzumab cardiotoxicity and evaluate its effects on patient morbidity. Here, we have given a comprehensive overview of our current knowledge on the cardiotoxicity of trastuzumab, primarily focusing on data from clinical trials and highlighting the main molecular mechanisms proposed.This article is part of a themed section on New Insights into Cardiotoxicity Caused by Chemotherapeutic Agents. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v174.21/issuetoc.

Effects of tin incorporation in titanium silicalite-1 (TS-1) on the kinetic modelling of phenol hydroxylation to dihydroxybenzenes with aqueous hydrogen peroxide have been investigated. The modelling of the hydroxylation reaction was from the results of a batch reactor, minimizing mass transfer conditions. The kinetic analysis indicates that under the same reaction conditions, titanium-tin silicalite-1 (Ti-Sn-S-1) gave a higher phenol conversion rate than TS-1. This was attributed to the Sn active sites. Incorporation of tin influences the initiation of intermediate reactions of products with hydrogen peroxide. Tin increases the rate of benzoquinone conversion to tar; however, it does not affect hydroquinone and catechol reactions. A Langmuir–Hinshelwood-type mechanism model was used to fit the proposed phenol hydroxylation and parallel reactions of products with the observed rate data. The intrinsic kinetic constants were found to be proportional to the concentration of reactants and the Ti and Sn active sites. The surface reaction yielded the best fit of the model for reactions in the system. It however failed to predict the outcome of the catechol reaction using TS-1, in which the catechol adsorption on the Ti active site was rate-limiting. The model fitted to the experimental data generated in this study was determined to provide the best values for the kinetic parameters. The effect of temperature on the hydroxylation rate is also documented in further detail.

Effect of light intensity on the phenol hydroxylation using hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) as an oxidant and titanium silicalite-1 (TS-1) as a catalyst was studied. Three different levels of light intensity were examined; without light, 18 and 500 W light intensity. At 60 °C under the 500 W light intensity, phenol conversion significantly increased and reached maximum conversion (50%) within 2 h. Higher light intensity provided more efficient formation of the hydroxyl radicals ( OH) from H2O2 and titanium-hydroperoxide species. The effect of light intensity was less prominent as the temperature was further increased. The light intensity did not have a significant effect on the desired product selectivity. The intensity of light influenced benzoquinone product decomposition. Benzoquinone conversion under the 500 W light intensity was twice as high as that under the 18 W light and no reaction occurred under the absence of light. In addition, the light intensity affected the product selectivity from the benzoquinone reaction, enabling an alternative for product selection from phenol hydroxylation.

The Sn silicate zeolite, Sn-beta, has been shown to be an efficient, selective heterogeneous catalyst for Baeyer-Villiger oxidations. Using primarily a multishell fit to extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) data, we show that the Sn does not randomly insert into the beta-zeolite structure but rather occupies identical, specific, crystallographic sites. These sites are the T5/T6 sites in the six-membered rings. Moreover, the Sn is substituted in pairs on opposite sides of these six-membered rings. We believe that it is the specific, uniform crystallographic location of the Sn in the beta crystal structure that leads to sites with uniform catalytic activity, and consequently to the high chemical selectivity demonstrated for this catalyst. This manifests itself in the almost enzyme-like selectivity of this catalyst in Baeyer-Villiger oxidations. This uniform site distribution of the Sn suggests that there is likely a symbiotic relationship between the structure-directing agent in the zeolite synthesis and the Sn heteroatoms during the framework formation.

Since the discovery of titanium silicalite more than 30 years ago, framework metal-containing zeotype materials have become an important class of catalyst, finding application in several industrial processes. Incorporation of cations of titanium, tin, iron, and other elements into zeotype frameworks (and also into ordered mesoporous materials) has led to both scientific progress and engineering innovations in catalysis. As a result of these developments, framework metal-containing zeotype materials have been implemented in the preceding decade in new commercial, by-product-free green processes, which have improved sustainability in the chemical industry. Based on a comprehensive analysis of the recent literature including patents, this review is a summary of the current knowledge of the science and technology of framework metal-containing zeotype materials. The synthesis of these materials is summarized, followed by an account of state-of-the-art characterization results. The key catalytic chemistries, which can be classified into oxidation reactions such as olefin epoxidation, aromatic hydroxylation and ammoximation, and weak Lewis acid-catalyzed reactions, are discussed. Mechanisms proposed for these transformations are reviewed, together with the theoretical and modeling tools applied in this context. An overview of the technologies associated with the use of framework metal-containing zeotype materials demonstrates how these processes are linked with each other through key chemicals involved.

A 3D VSP was acquired in Nov 2013 to quantify the sensitivity, directivity and coupling characteristics of Distributed Acoustic Sensing (DAS) data relative to conventional borehole geophones. This trial leveraged a collaborative research agreement between Chevron, Lawrence Berkeley National Labs and the Aquistore CO2 sequestration project in Saskatchewan run by the Petroleum Technology Research Centre (PTRC).

Statistical and ergodic properties of a simple model of N hard discs in a circular cavity are investigated by means of analytical considerations and molecular dynamics computer simulations. The model exhibits ergodicity breaking at different densities as well as a kinetic crossover from hydrodynamic relaxation to particle exchange hopping processes. We calculate the associated densities over a large range of N. The threshold densities for the kinetic crossover are not correlated with the ergodicity-breaking density. For , the kinetic crossover corresponds to the freezing transition of the bulk system of hard discs. For finite N, we found that the crossover densities are smaller than the bulk freezing density. We finally discuss the relevance of our results for the glass and crystallization transitions in porous media.

Gamma-phase lithium aluminate (LiAlO2) is a ceramic powder used in molten carbonate fuel cells (MCFCs) and in other nuclear and ceramic applications. Upon exposure to water vapor and carbon dioxide at 25 °C, we have observed that gamma-LiAlO2 converts to lithium aluminum carbonate hydroxide hydrate, Li2Al4(CO3)(OH)12·3H2O(LACHH) and Li2CO3. The conversion was observed by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and carbonate analysis. An equation for the conversion is given, and the morphology is determined by scanning electron microscopy. A high-temperature XRD study and thermogravimetric/differential thermal analysis (TGA/DTA) showed that LACHH decomposes at 250 °C. The decomposition products of LACHH and Li2CO3 react to form first alpha-LiAlO2 and then gamma-LiAlO2 at temperatures of 650 and 1000 °C, respectively.

We review the progress towards an understanding of the electrodynamics in the vortex-state which arises in response to a magnetic field. B. Experimentally, the goal is to characterize the conductivity of cuprate superconductors in the presence of an applied magnetic field over a broad frequency range from microwave to infrared wavelengths. The theoretical challenge is to understand these measurements with microscopic, as well as phenomenological, models. In describing the experiments to date we will focus on a relatively new technique, coherent terahertz spectroscopy, which is uniquely capable of measuring the complete complex conductivity tensor.

We consider the effect of gap nodes on the electrodynamic response of superconductors in the vortex state. We show that for a gap with line nodes it is not possible to ignore the effect of field-induced pairbreaking on the electrodynamic response. We describe measurements of both the diagonal and the Hall components of the resistivity which support this conclusion.

We present a density functional study of the expanded FCC to condensed-FCC transition of a system of hard spheres with an additional short-range attractive Yukawa potential. The approach rests on a separation of the interaction into a hard-sphere reference part, treated nonperturbatively by means of the modified weighted-density approximation, and a mean-field treatment of the attractive Yukawa tail, in analogy with earlier work on the short-range square-well potential. The method confirms the existence of an FCC-FCC isostructural transition terminating at a critical point, and yields results for the critical temperature that are in very good agreement with simulations.

We have fabricated three types of high T/sub c/ magnetometers using a YBa/sub 2/Cu/sub 3/O/sub 7-x/-SrTiO/sub 3/-YBa/sub 2/Cu/sub 3/O/sub 7-x/, multilayer process: multiturn flux transformers coupled to single layer dc SQUIDs in a flip-chip arrangement, multiturn flux transformers integrated with dc SQUIDs, and multiloop magnetometers (fractional turn SQUIDs). The magnetic field noise of the best flip-chip magnetometer was 74 fTHz/sup -1/2/ at 1 Hz and 31 fTHz/sup -1/2/ at 1 kHz. The magnetic field noise of the multiloop magnetometer, measured in a YBCO tube, was 37 fTHz/sup -1/2/ at 1 Hz and 18 fTHz/sup -1/2/ at 1 kHz. >

Phase-sensitive spectroscopy is used to characterize fully the complex resistivity tensor of YBa{sub 2}Cu{sub 3}O{sub {ital x}} films in the mixed state, in the frequency range 100 to 500 GHz and temperature range 10 K to {ital T}{sub {ital c}}. We compare our results with the predictions of a vortex model containing three parameters: viscosity, pinning, and Magnus force. The viscosity and Magnus parameter we measure are in disagreement with theoretically predicted values. We show that the discrepancies can be explained by incorporating the effects of a highly anisotropic or {ital d}-wave gap.

We apply density-functional theory to study the expanded-FCC-to-condensed-FCC transition of a system of hard, spherical particles with a short-ranged attractive interaction, predicted recently by the simulations of Bolhuis and Frenkel (1994). Our approach is based on a non-perturbative treatment of the repulsive hard-core part of the potential, using the modified weighted density approximation (MWDA), and a mean-field approximation for the attractive part. We confirm by means of this simple theoretical treatment the existence of an isostructural solid-to-solid transition which terminates at a critical point, in quantitative agreement with the simulation data. We obtain, within this approximation, classical critical exponents for the continuous transition.

A prototype three‐axis magnetometer has been developed, intended for geophysical applications, involving high‐transition temperature dc superconducting quantum interference devices (SQUIDs). Each SQUID was fabricated from a thin film of YBa2Cu3O7−x deposited on a SrTiO3 bicrystal to form two Josephson junctions, and was directly coupled to a single‐turn pickup loop patterned in the same film. The three orthogonally mounted sensors were immersed in liquid nitrogen in a fiberglass Dewar and operated in separate flux‐locked loops. In nominally zero ambient magnetic field, the best magnetic field resolution was 170 fT Hz−1/2 in the white noise, increasing to 225 fT Hz−1/2 at 1 Hz. The dynamic range was ±1.6×106 Hz1/2 in the white noise, and the highest slew rate achieved was 1.6 mT s−1, at 900 Hz. The 3 dB point in the frequency response was about 90 kHz. The three channels were mutually orthogonal to about 1%. The three‐axis magnetometer was also operated outside the laboratory in the presence of 60 Hz and r...

Coherent time-domain spectroscopy was used to measure the complex transmission tensor of several $\mathrm{Y}{\mathrm{Ba}}_{2}{\mathrm{Cu}}_{3}{\mathrm{O}}_{7\ensuremath{-}\ensuremath{\delta}}$ thin films in magnetic fields up to 6 T at temperatures from 10 to 200 K. The complex conductivity tensor was determined from transmission measurements in the frequency range 150-800 GHz without the need for Kramers-Kronig analysis. Both the real and imaginary parts of ${\ensuremath{\sigma}}_{\mathrm{xy}}$ were found to peak near 40 K, exceeding their normal state values by more than a factor of 10. This behavior is ascribed to the Hall effect of quasiparticles in the superconducting state.

We describe an improved interconnect technology for the fabrication of multiturn flux transformers from YBa2Cu3O7-x-SrTiO3-YBa2Cu3O7-x multilayers. The essential improvements are reductions in the thicknesses of the trilayer films, typically to 100 nm, 250 nm and 250 nm respectively, and in the deposition rate, to 0.07 nm/laser pulse. This process yields crossovers in which the critical current density in the upper YBa2Cu3O7-x film at 77 K is (2-3)*106 cm-2 In situ trilayers exhibited 1/f flux noise levels at 1 Hz below the measurement sensitivity of 15 mu Phi 0 Hz-1/2, Where Phi 0 is the flux quantum. However the flux noise of trilayers in which each layer had been patterned was significantly higher. The best flip-chip magnetometer had a white noise of 40 fT Hz-1/2, increasing to 340 fT Hz-1/2 at 1 Hz; the corresponding flux noise levels were 9 mu Phi 0 Hz-1/2 and 75 mu Phi 0 Hz-1/2.

The authors have fabricated 12 DC superconducting quantum interference devices (SQUIDs) by laser-depositing YBa/sub 2/Cu/sub 3/O/sub 7-x/ on a SrTiO/sub 3/ bicrystal substrate with a misorientation angle of 24 degrees . At 77 K all 12 devices had acceptable values of critical current, resistance, and voltage modulation produced by an external magnetic field. The white noise energy of one device with an estimated inductance of 41 pH was 1.8*10/sup -30/ JHz/sup -1/. The noise power scaled as 1/f at frequencies below about 1 kHz; by using a bias current reversal scheme it was possible to reduce this noise by two orders of magnitude at 1 Hz, to a value of about 1.5*10/sup -29/ JHz/sup -1/. A magnetometer was made by coupling the SQUID to a flux transformer with a 5-turn input coil. The measured magnetic field gain was 60, and the white noise was 36 fT/ square root Hz. However, the transformer produced relatively large levels of 1/f flux noise, not reduced by the bias reversal scheme, that limited the noise at 1 Hz to 1.7 fT/ square root Hz. A single-layer magnetometer with a single-turn pick-up loop is described. >

Two strategies to improve the catalytic activity of Ti-MCM-41 materials in the epoxidation of olefins are described; the first approach involves silylation of the surface of Ti-MCM-41 which produces a very hydrophobic catalyst whereas the second approach is based on removal of water from the reaction media; the increase in activity is not due to a change in the intrinsic activity of the Ti sites, but rather to a decrease of the catalyst deactivation by reducing the formation of diols produced by ring opening of the epoxide.

A new heterogeneous catalyst, Sn-MCM-41, is described for the Baeyer–Villiger reaction with hydrogen peroxide which selectively activates the carbonyl function for the nucleophilic attack by the oxidant, with high chemoselectivities when double bonds are present in the molecule.

Objective:To describe the first published case of superficial angiomyxoma with an epithelial component occurring in the retropharynx.Method:Case report of a patient with swallowing difficulties caused by a rare case of superficial angiomyxoma in the retropharynx.Results:Superficial angiomyxoma is a distinct entity among the dermal myxomatous lesions. Superficial angiomyxoma is poorly circumscribed, and local recurrence is common unless the tumour is excised with clear margins. Distinctive histological features include a myxoid mass composed of spindle and stellate-shaped cells and occasional multinucleated cells. There is prominent vasculature and a mixed inflammatory infiltrate in the stroma, particularly by neutrophil polymorphs. Epithelial structures are seen in about one-third of cases. A case of retropharyngeal tumour with morphological features of superficial angiomyxoma is reported. The tumour cells, including multinucleated ones, were negative for soft tissue differentiation markers. The inflammatory cells included lymphocytes, histiocytes and neutrophil polymorphs.Conclusion:This case demonstrates that a cutaneous type of angiomyxoma with epithelial-lined structures can occur in deep soft tissue, such as the retropharynx.

Objectives: To evaluate the long-term results of subtotal colectomy for acquired hypertrophic megacolon in the dog. Methods: Eight dogs with acquired hypertrophic megacolon underwent subtotal colectomy with preservation of the ileocolic junction. Long-term follow-up was obtained by clinical records and telephone interviews with the owners. Results: Eight large-breed dogs (age range: 6 to 12 years; mean age: 10·75 years) were enrolled. The use of bone meal, low levels of exercise, chronic constipation with dyschesia and tenesmus refractory to medical management were factors predisposing dogs to acquired hypertrophic megacolon. The diagnosis was confirmed in all animals by abdominal palpation, plain radiography and postoperative histopathological findings. There were no intraoperative complications. One dog died as a result of septic peritonitis. The clinical conditions (that is, resolution of obstipation and stool consistency) of the remaining seven dogs were improved at discharge; all animals returned to normal defecation in five to 10 weeks (mean: 7·3 weeks) and were alive 11 to 48 months (mean: 40·5 months) after surgery. Clinical Significance: Predominantly bony diet and/or low levels of physical activity may predispose dogs to acquired hypertrophic megacolon. Our results emphasise the long-term effectiveness of subtotal colectomy with preservation of the ileocolic junction in this condition.

Many different techniques have been developed to produce a regularly sampled, unaliased data set from irregularly sampled, aliased data. Almost all techniques to correct for the aliased energy rely on the assumption that it wraps around in the frequency-wavenumber spectrum of the data, and that it can be easily removed or unwrapped. However, different sampling geometries have an effect on the way aliased energy is distributed in the spectrum of the data. In this paper we present a case study where synthetic data are produced for a number of different sampling geometries varying from regular to almost random sampling. For every data set the spatial appearance of aliased energy is analyzed. The results of this study clearly show that the sampling influences that appearance. The assumption that the aliased energy wraps around is only correct for regular or nearly regular sampling, but it does not hold for more irregular sampling geometries. Based on these findings we propose to carefully revise the de-aliasing techniques applied in current regularization methods and, where appropriate, replace them with an approach that handles the aliased energy in a sampling-dependent way.

Seismic modeling and data processing operates on gigabyte to terabyte-size datasets and involves large CPU clusters running applications for extended periods of time. Accelerating these applications would make a big impact and the emerging new co-processor hardware architectures need to be carefully tested for this purpose. One of these new architectures is based on the reconfigurable circuit field-programmable gate arrays (FPGA). These circuits offer potentially large speedups of applications, but to succeed, the FPGA implementation of algorithms need to be carefully evaluated to discover the tradeoffs in compute capability, memory capacity and memory bandwidth. In many cases, taking the existing software implementation of an algorithm and mapping it to reconfigurable circuits does not result in the fastest implementation on FPGA. Careful evaluation of the various implementation strategies that we call design space analysis serves as an important tool to successfully implement an algorithm on FPGAs. In this abstract we provide a short design space analysis for a 3D acoustic forward modeling algorithm.

Oxidation of thiophene and its derivatives was studied using hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), t-butyl-hydroperoxide and Ti-Beta redox molecular sieve as selective oxidation catalysts. A new reaction pathway was discovered and investigated using C-13 NMR, GC, GC-MS, HPLC, ion chromatography, and XANES. The thiophene oxidized to thiophene-sesquioxide [3a,4,7,7a-tetrahydro-4,7-epithiobenzo[b]-thiophene 1,1.8-trioxide] and the sesquioxide oxidized mostly to sulfate. 2-Methyl-thiophene and 2,5 dimethylthiophene also oxidized to sulfate and sulfone products. The Benzothiophene oxidation product was sulfone. This proposed new reaction pathway is different from prior literature, which reported the formation of thiophene 1,1-dioxide (sulfone ) as a stable oxidation product

UZM-12 is a microporous crystalline aluminosilicate with ERI topology synthesized via the Charge Density Mismatch approach. The Charge Density Mismatch approach features synthesis from clear aluminosilicate solutions with high organic template content that are subsequently treated with crystallization inducing solutions. The solution containing low amounts of alkali and a higher charge density organic “crystallization” template, yields UZM-12 with Si/Al > 5.5 and nano- to micron-sized crystallites of spherical, plate or rod morphology depending on crystallization template, K + /Al ratio and synthesis conditions. Crystallization templates include the diquat-6, diquat-4, and benzyltrimethylammonium cations. The thermal, steam stability, and acid properties of H-UZM-12 were determined using the combinatorial heptane microreactor.

The authors describe the case of a fifteen-year-old girl with progressive paraparesis of the lower limbs that was caused by an intraspinal extradural dorsal arachnoid cyst at the level of Th 3-6. Diagnosis was established with MRI and MRI myelography. The latter revealed the CSF-like content of the cyst. The patient underwent laminotomy and en bloc resection of the cyst. Ligation of the pedicle of the cyst was done with laminoplasty. Quick and complete recovery was observed after surgery.

Hepcidin is the principal regulator of iron absorption in humans. The pepticle inhibits cellular iron efflux by binding to the iron export channel ferroportin and inducing its internalization and degradation. Either hepcidin deficiency or alterations in its target, ferroportin, would be expected to result in dysregulated iron absorption, tissue maldistribution of iron, and iron overload. Indeed, hepcidin deficiency has been reported in hereditary hemochromatosis and attributed to mutations in HFE, transferrin receptor 2, hemojuvelin, and the hepcidin gene itself. We measured urinary hepcidin in patients with other genetic causes of iron overload. Hepcidin was found to be suppressed in patients with thalassemia syndromes and congenital dyserythropoietic anemia type 1 and was undetectable in patients with juvenile hemochromatosis with HAMP mutations. Of interest, urine hepcidin levels were significantly elevated in 2 patients with hemochromatosis type 4. These findings extend the spectrum of iron disorders with hepcidin deficiency and underscore the critical importance of the hepcidin-ferroportin interaction in iron homeostasis. (c) 2005 by The American Society of Hematology.

A computer program (CalcAnesth) was developed with Visual Basic for the purpose of calculating the doses and prices of injectable medications on the basis of body weight or body surface area. The drug names, concentrations, and prices are loaded from a drug database. This database is a simple text file, that the user can easily create or modify. The animal names and body weights can be loaded from a similar database. After typing the dose and the units into the user interface, the results will be automatically displayed. The program is able to open and save anesthetic protocols, and export or print the results. This CalcAnesth program can be useful in clinical veterinary anesthesiology and research. The rationale for dosing on the basis of body surface area is also discussed in this article.

We reply to the preceding comment by Rascon and co-workers (J. Phys. Condens. Matter, vol.7, p.8211, 1995), which discusses isostructural FCC-FCC transitions in systems with short-range attractions.

We have fabricated YBa2Cu3O7−x–SrTiO3–YBa2Cu3O7−x (YBCO–STO–YBCO) trilayers, in which each layer is patterned photolithographically, capping the first YBCO film with an in situ STO film. Atomic force microscopy demonstrates that the capping process dramatically improves the quality of the surface of the second layer, allowing the growth of an upper YBCO film with a substantially reduced level of low‐frequency flux noise. A magnetometer with a multiturn flux transformer coupled to a dc superconducting quantum interference device achieved a magnetic field noise of 74 fT Hz−1/2 at 1 Hz, improving to 31 fT Hz−1/2 at 1 kHz.

We have fabricated and tested picovoltmeters in which the voltage source is connected in series with a calibrated resistor and a coil inductively coupled to a high‐transition temperature superconducting quantum interference device operating at 77 K. The coil consists of either seven or ten turns of copper wire or of two turns patterned in a film of YBa2Cu3O7−x(YBCO). The lowest voltage noise achieved at 1 Hz was 30 pV Hz−1/2 and 2.3 pV Hz−1/2 for input coils made of copper and YBCO, respectively.

We present results on a near‐field scanning probe microwave microscope which is based on the nonlinear behavior of a YBa2Cu3O7 direct‐current superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID). Our system has a spatial resolution of about 30 μm and derives its probing field from circulating currents in the SQUID loop. The frequency is set by the Josephson relation and is continuously tunable up to about 200 GHz. By imaging small patterned normal metal thin‐film samples of Cu and Nb at 77 K, we have confirmed the operating bandwidth of the system and investigated the nature of the imaging process.

We have investigated the performance of YBa2Cu3O7−x dc superconducting quantum interference devices (SQUIDs) cooled in static magnetic fields, B0, of 0.01–1 mT. For fields less than the earth’s ambient field, about 0.05 mT, the white noise of the devices at 77 K is not materially affected. However, at a frequency f of 1 Hz the spectral density of the 1/f noise, SΦ (1 Hz), at 0.05 mT increases by an order of magnitude over that for zero field. Furthermore, SΦ (1 Hz) scales approximately linearly with B0, suggesting strongly that the noise originates in the motion of vortices in the YBCO film. This increase in noise is likely to be an issue for SQUIDs operated in the earth’s field.

We have used a scanning magnetic flux microscope based on a high transition temperature YBa2Cu3O7 superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID) to produce magnetic images of eddy currents in patterned Cu thin films and 11–30‐μm‐thick Cu on printed circuit boards. The fields produced by the eddy currents are imaged with a spatial resolution of about 80 μm over a 100‐mm2 sample area. With the sample and SQUID at 77 K, the microscope uses typical probing fields of 80 nT and can obtain simultaneously eddy current and static magnetic field images. At probing frequencies of 26–100 kHz, the system achieves a field sensitivity of about 7 pT Hz−1/2.