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Vaccinal prophylaxis is the most effective way to reduce incidence rates. However, the immune response developing after injection of most inactivated vaccines is insufficient when used without adjuvants. Special attention should be paid to the issue of immunoprophylaxis of high-risk patients with impaired immune status. Use of appropriate adjuvants during vaccination can optimize development of protective immunity in immunocompromised patients. Cytokines that regulate in vivo immune-response cascades to any antigenic stimulus and influence the development of an antigen-specific immune response can be considered as potential immunoadjuvants. The present review analyzes briefly studies of the immunoadjuvant properties of cytokines used to increase the effectiveness of regularly scheduled vaccines and those used for epidemic indications.

The objective - of the present study was to elucidate the specific features of the distribution of neohistamine methylsulfate (proserin) in the organism of the omnivorous warm blooded animals following its intragastric administration. The analytical methods included TLC, HPLC, and UV-spectrophotometry. Neohistamine methylsulfate was administered intrgastrically to the male Wistar rats at a dose equivalent to the triple LD50 dose. The substance of interest was extracted by acetone from the biological matrices of the dead animals and purified by sequential treatment with the relevant solvents and chromatography in a thin layer of the reverse-phase sorbent (C14-C15 bonded phase model) with the elution in the buffer solution (pH 1.98) - acetone (8:2) system. The compound of interest was identified based on the Rf values (obtained by TLC), retention time (in HPLC), and the spectral characteristics. The quantitative determination of the analyte in the biomatrices was performed with the use of UV spectrophotometry. The analytical methods were validated based on the criteria for linearity, selectivity, correctness, and precision as well as detection threshold and results of quantitation. The largest amount of the study compound were determined in the heart (365.2±33.94 mcg/g), spleen (288.6±24.97 mcg/g), kidney (127.6±9.33 mcg/g), and the gastric walls (124.6±12.17 mcg/g) of the experimental animals.

Pneumatic actuators are widely used in industry as the most reliable automation tools. The performance of automated systems depends on the speed of pneumatic actuators. Therefore, the development of methods for studying the dynamic processes of pneumatic actuators is an urgent task. This paper proposes a mathematical model of a pneumatic actuator of the hoist, which is convenient for computer calculations using universal mathematical packages. Friction forces on transient processes in a pneumatic actuators are investigated as an example of the application of a mathematical model.

Pneumatic actuators are widely used in industry as the most reliable automation tools. The efficiency of automated systems depends on the speed of pneumatic actuators. Therefore, the development of methods studying the dynamic processes of pneumatic actuators is an urgent task. this paper concerns a mathematical model of a single-acting pneumatic cylinder actuator, which is convenient for computer calculations using universal mathematical packages. As an example of the application of a mathematical model, paper shows the influence of the piston diameter on transient processes in a pneumatic actuator.

A procedure of extraction and photometric determination of a pyridostigmine bromide metabolite represented as ion pair of tropeoline 00 in model mixtures has been developed. The method makes it possible to identify 1-methyl-3-pyridone in model mixtures with ballast substances.

Molecular genetic identification of 52 Kluyveromyces strains from VKM, mainly of dairy origin, was carried out. Restriction analysis of 5.8S-ITS rDNA fragments was used to differentiate between Kl. lactis var. lactis, Kl. lactis var. drosophilarum (European population of “krassilnikovii”), and Kl. marxianus. Kl. lactis was shown to differ from Kl. marxianus in its ability to assimilate α-glucosides: maltose, melezitose, and α-methyl-glucoside.

In this paper we consider the problem of holomorphic continuation and removal of singularities of the CR functions given on ΓK, where Γ is a generic manifold with nondegenerate Levi form and K is a meromorphically p-convex compactum. We get some conditions on Γ, relative to p-convexity and q-concavity, under which every integrable CR function given on ΓK extends holomorphically in some domain ΩΓ\K, where ΩΓ is a wedge domain with edge Γ. Our Results are local.

Let be a smooth generic manifold with nonzero Levi form in a domain of holomorphy with 1$ SRC=http://ej.iop.org/images/1468-4810/40/3/A08/tex_im_2180_img3.gif/> . Let be the domain adjacent to to which all CR-functions defined on extend holomorphically. Let be a holomorphically convex compact set. We show that every CR-function on of class extends holomorphically to . When the manifold must be closed, i.e., . As a corollary we deduce a result on the removal of singularities of CR-functions of finite order of growth near . The proof uses the integral representation of Airapetyan and Khenkin.

To measure level of antibodies to pneumococcal antigens in HIV-infected children vaccinated in the age2 y.o. in order to assess clinical effect of vaccination.Levels of IgG and IgM were measured by ELISA in 16 HIV-infected children24 months of age vaccinated against pneumococcal infection with Pneumo 23 vaccine on IIA-B stage of the disease. When the study was conducted, children did not receive antiretroviral therapy. Control group was represented by 47 children of the same age born from HIV-negative women.It was determined that HIV-infected children had high baseline levels of IgG and IgM to antigens of Streptococcus pneumoniae to 2 years of age, which is indirect evidence of previous pneumococcal infection. Increase of antibody levels after vaccination to polysaccharides (PS) of S. pneumoniae serotypes 3, 6B, 9N, 23F as well as to mix of PS included in the vaccine was not observed compared to the control group. Despite the absence in dynamics of IgG and IgM levels, decrease of acute respiratory, infections incidence on 34.6 - 36.4% was noted in HIV-infected participants during 1-year follow-up, which can be associated with immunocorrecting effect of PS contained in the Pneumo 23 vaccine. It was assumed that significant clinical and immunological effect of vaccination could be obtained by administration of pneumococcal conjugate vaccine in younger age, before realization of HIV-infection.Vaccination against pneumococcal infection is indicated for HIV-infected children; it promotes decrease of rate of intercurrent infections on the background of the main disease.

Course of postvaccinal period after injection of vaccine against Haemophilus influenzae type b administered simultaneously with vaccines of Russian national immunization schedule was studied in children born from HIV-infected mothers. Good tolerability of the vaccine administered concomitantly with diphtheria-tetanus-whole cell pertussis and inactivated polio vaccines (Imovax Polio), which is comparable with tolerability in healthy children, was demonstrated. Prevaccination titers of antibodies and their dynamics during immunization process were described. Increase of levels of antibodies was detected both in the group of children with perinatal contact with HIV infection and in the group of HIV-infected children.

The first cases of tuberculosis in the HIV infected were notified in the Kaliningrad Region in 1997. A total of 254 HIV-infected persons fell ill with tuberculosis in 1997-2003. In the HIV infected, the number of new cases of tuberculosis increased by 9.9 times in 2003 as compared with 1997; their proportion among the first detected patients with tuberculosis was 8%. In 2003, the incidence of tuberculosis in the HIV infected was 20.7 times greater than that in the general population. In this year, the rates of death in the HIV infected from tuberculosis were 34.6 times higher than those in the general population. The course and outcomes of tuberculoses were followed up in 165 patients with HIV infection. The diagnostic features of tuberculosis are shown in end-stage HIV infection. The findings showed the low efficiency of treatment for tuberculosis in patients with comorbidity. The early detection and treatment of tuberculosis are of priority in antituberculous work among the HIV-infected persons.

The analysis of changes in the epidemic situation with HIV infection in Kaliningrad Province, the first territory in Russia involved into the epidemic, is presented. The experience in the realization of preventive programs is discussed with the analysis of both successes and problems arising in Kaliningrad, whose inhabitants constitute the absolute majority among HIV-infected persons in the region. The expediency of creating a new section--service of information, consultation and psychological assistance in the AIDS Centers is proposed for discussion.

The effect of seven factors on survival and residual humidity of yeast suspensions was studied during freeze-drying of Saccharomyces cerevisiae using methods of mathematical planning of the experiment. A multifactor experiment of the type 2(7-4) was realized, according to which all factors were varied at two levels. Adequate equations for regression were obtained to describe the process in the temperature zone above the eutectic point (from -10 to -15 degrees C) and below it (from -30 to -40 degrees C). The effect of the studied factors was found to depend on temperature of freeze-drying. The equations were used for optimizing freeze-drying by the method of "sharp ascending".