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1. Link between supercurrent diode and anomalous Josephson effect revealed by gate-controlled interferometry

Author

S. Reinhardt, T. Ascherl, A. Costa, J. Berger, S. Gronin, G. C. Gardner, T. Lindemann, M. J. Manfra, J. Fabian, D. Kochan, C. Strunk, and N. Paradiso

Subjects
Science
Abstract

Abstract In Josephson diodes the asymmetry between positive and negative current branch of the current-phase relation leads to a polarity-dependent critical current and Josephson inductance. The supercurrent nonreciprocity can be described as a consequence of the anomalous Josephson effect —a φ 0-shift of the current-phase relation— in multichannel ballistic junctions with strong spin-orbit interaction. In this work, we simultaneously investigate φ 0-shift and supercurrent diode efficiency on the same Josephson junction by means of a superconducting quantum interferometer. By electrostatic gating, we reveal a direct link between φ 0-shift and diode effect. Our findings show that spin-orbit interaction in combination with a Zeeman field plays an important role in determining the magnetochiral anisotropy and the supercurrent diode effect.

Published
2024
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2. Anisotropic Vortex Squeezing in Synthetic Rashba Superconductors: A Manifestation of Lifshitz Invariants

Author

L. Fuchs, D. Kochan, J. Schmidt, N. Hüttner, C. Baumgartner, S. Reinhardt, S. Gronin, G. C. Gardner, T. Lindemann, M. J. Manfra, C. Strunk, and N. Paradiso

Subjects
Physics, QC1-999
Abstract

Epitaxial superconductor-semiconductor heterostructures combine superconductivity with strong spin-orbit interaction resulting in synthetic Rashba superconductors. The theoretical description of such superconductors involves Lifshitz invariants that are predicted to feature numerous exotic effects with so far sparse experimental evidence. Using a new observable—vortex inductance—we investigate the pinning properties of epitaxial Al/InAs-based heterostructures. We find a pronounced decrease of the vortex inductance with increasing in-plane field which corresponds to a counterintuitive increase of the pinning force. When rotating the in-plane component of the field with respect to the current direction, the pinning interaction turns out to be highly anisotropic. We analytically demonstrate that both the pinning enhancement and its anisotropy are consequences of the presence of Lifshitz invariant terms in the Ginzburg-Landau free energy. Hence, our experiment provides access to a fundamental property of Rashba superconductors and offers an entirely new approach to vortex manipulation.

Published
2022
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4. Effect of Rashba and Dresselhaus spin-orbit coupling on supercurrent rectification and magnetochiral anisotropy of ballistic Josephson junctions

Author

C Baumgartner, L Fuchs, A Costa, Jordi Picó-Cortés, S Reinhardt, S Gronin, G C Gardner, T Lindemann, M J Manfra, P E Faria Junior, D Kochan, J Fabian, N Paradiso, and C Strunk

Subjects
Rashba, Dresselhaus, supercurrent diode, magnetochiral anisotropy, nonreciprocal transport, epitaxial aluminum, superconducting 2DEG, Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con), Condensed Matter::Quantum Gases, Condensed Matter - Superconductivity, Condensed Matter::Superconductivity, ddc:530, FOS: Physical sciences, General Materials Science, Condensed Matter Physics, Condensed Matter::Mesoscopic Systems and Quantum Hall Effect, 530 Physik
Abstract

Simultaneous breaking of inversion- and time-reversal symmetry in Josephson junction leads to a possible violation of the $I(\varphi)=-I(-\varphi)$ equality for the current-phase relation. This is known as anomalous Josephson effect and it produces a phase shift $\varphi_0$ in sinusoidal current-phase relations. In ballistic Josephson junctions with non-sinusoidal current phase relation the observed phenomenology is much richer, including the supercurrent diode effect and the magnetochiral anisotropy of Josephson inductance. In this work, we present measurements of both effects on arrays of Josephson junctions defined on epitaxial Al/InAs heterostructures. We show that the orientation of the current with respect to the lattice affects the magnetochiral anisotropy, possibly as the result of a finite Dresselhaus component. In addition, we show that the two-fold symmetry of the Josephson inductance reflects in the activation energy for phase slips., Comment: 9 pages, 4 figures

Published
2022
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9. Ultimate strength of box girders considering welding residual stresses

Author

T. Lindemann, P. Kaeding, Z. Bi, and E. Backhaus

Subjects
Materials science, Bending (metalworking), business.industry, Box girder, Welding, Structural engineering, Finite element method, law.invention, Cross section (physics), Residual stress, law, Girder, Ultimate tensile strength, Physics::Accelerator Physics, business
Abstract

The collapse behavior of two identical box girder specimens in four-point bending is determined experimentally. The cross section of a box girder can be treated as a model of a single hull ship structure. Each specimen is composed of stiffened plate panels. Due to welding of longitudinal stiffeners and transverse frames on the plating, residual stresses and initial deflections are introduced to the structural components. The plating and the flat bar stiffeners consist of mild steel with a certified yield strength. Furthermore, nonlinear Finite Element Analyses (FEA) are performed to simulate the collapse behavior of the box girder specimens in four-point bending. The results are proposed for different numerical models considering initial deflections, welding residual stresses and initial bending due to the structural weight. The ultimate strength reduction of the box girder specimens due to initial imperfections is demonstrated. The numerical results are validated against the experimental data.

Published
2019

10. Typical cauliflower production systems in Germany

Author

T. Lindemann and W. Dirksmeyer

Subjects
Tillage, Agricultural science, Irrigation, Horticulture, Production area, Data collection, Production (economics), Business, Vegetable crops, Gross margin, Economies of scale
Abstract

Cauliflower is one of the most intensive vegetable crops in Germany. Production system analysis provides important information for the assessment of innovation potential. In this paper, typical cauliflower production systems in Germany are reviewed. Data collection included 52 interviews with farm managers covering details such as the production area, cultivation program and natural location factors, as well as field operations, technology used, the required labour, and resources. Data on yields, prices, marketing fees and surcharges were collected. The production systems were grouped by size as the most important differentiating factor. Four different production systems were established from small to very large. Results show that larger production systems are equipped with bigger machinery and more advanced technologies. Tillage, fertilisation, plant protection and irrigation were similar. Economies of scale can be observed through mechanisation and labour cost decreased with production volume. High output prices are the main reason for income and the gross margin to increase with production volume.

Published
2015

11. One Inch Thermal Bubble Jet Printhead With Laser Structured Integrated Polyimide Nozzle Plate

Author

Roland Zengerle, T. Lindemann, D. Sassano, Peter Koltay, Ying Yu, and H. Ashauer

Subjects
Jet (fluid), Engineering, Fabrication, business.industry, Mechanical Engineering, Nozzle, Mechanical engineering, Substrate (printing), Surface micromachining, Volume of fluid method, Fluidics, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, business, Layer (electronics)
Abstract

This paper reports on a novel 1/3 and 1-in thermal bubble jet printhead with integrated nozzle plate. The printheads are made by a combination of a standard printhead substrate with a new three-dimensional (3-D) structured polyimide nozzle plate avoiding a three-layer assembly known from other commercial printheads. The 50-mum- (respectively, 75-mum)-thick nozzle plate contains the fluidic channels and 208 (respectively, 312) nozzles with minimum lateral dimensions of 10 mum. The misalignment of the two laser structured layers has proved to be less than 1 mum. The nozzle plate is assembled with the substrate using a 3-mum-high adhesive layer with an alignment accuracy of 5 mum. The integrated nozzle plate leads to a better control of the printhead geometry and saves one processing step in production. A 1/3-in as well as a 1-in design were studied because it was not sure if the 1-in design survives the fabrication of the silicon substrate. The powder blasting of the ink feeding slot was considered as critical process step. To predict the effect of misalignments or variations in the adhesive layer during the assembling process on the characteristic inkjet parameters-like droplet volume, droplet velocity, droplet quality, or print frequency-computational fluid dynamic (CFD) simulations have been performed. For these purposes, a fully three-dimensional model was set up using the volume of fluid method. The presented CFD model in combination with the applied pressure boundary condition substituting the behavior of the exploding vapor bubble provides a valuable possibility to simulate media variations, actuation variations, as well as 3-D related geometrical variations. The differences in ejected droplet volume and droplet velocity between simulation and experiment are below 5%. Conclusively, the innovations presented in this paper are as follows. The presented printhead layout designed by Olivetti I-Jet provides an improved print frequency compared to commercially available printhead designs. The 1-in integrated nozzle plate and the required innovative fabrication technology offers a tripling of the printing speed compared to a conventional 1/3-in design only by means of an increased printing area. The new fabrication and packaging approach offers the reduction of processing and assembling steps leading to a better control of the printhead geometry. The CFD simulations provide a three-dimensional approach to estimate the influences of manufacturing and adjustment tolerances

Published
2007

12. Comparison of bonding procedures for 3D-structured polyimide films on silicon substrates applied to ink-jet cartridges

Author

M. Stehr, Peter Koltay, H. Ashauer, C. Ruddy, A. Bellone, U. Heller, P. Soriani, T. Goettsche, Y. Yu, R.-P. Peters, and T. Lindemann

Subjects
chemistry.chemical_classification, Thermoplastic, Materials science, Silicon, Mechanical Engineering, Nozzle, chemistry.chemical_element, Nanotechnology, Epoxy, Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering, Computer Science Applications, chemistry, Resist, CMOS, Control and Systems Engineering, visual_art, visual_art.visual_art_medium, Adhesive, Composite material, Software, Polyimide
Abstract

Established bubble-jet printheads consist of an assembly of three layers, which are a CMOS substrate, a channel layer and a nozzle layer. The aim of the presented work was to simplify the setup of bubble-jet printheads by means of integrating channel and nozzle structures in one single three-dimensional laser-structured polyimide nozzle plate. Different bonding techniques for an assembly onto 1/3 inch standard CMOS printhead substrates are validated. The main challenges are a variety of bonding materials, an alignment accuracy of

Published
2006

13. PipeJet: A Simple Disposable Dispenser for the Nano- and Microliter Range

Author

Peter Koltay, T. Lindemann, Gerhard Birkle, Roland Zengerle, and Wolfgang Streule

Subjects
Materials science, Analytical chemistry, Standard deviation, Computer Science Applications, law.invention, Medical Laboratory Technology, Piston, Cross section (physics), Viscosity, Volume (thermodynamics), law, Nano, Composite material, Tube (container), Displacement (fluid)
Abstract

This paper reports on a simple, disposable non-contact dispenser for the nano- and microliter range. In contrast to other known dispensers manufactured by silicon micromachining1-4 the new device simply consists of an elastic polymer tube with a circular cross section. Actuation is done by a piezostack driven piston, squeezing the tube at a defined position near the open end by a significant fraction of the cross section. In contrast to drop-on-demand devices based on an acoustic actuation principle,5 the squeezing of the tube leads to a significant mechanical displacement of the liquid. Our experiments tested a large number of media in the viscosity range from 1 to 27 mPas. Some of our experiments tested up to approximately 2,000 mPas. Frequency characteristics showed an independent dosage volume for water up to a frequency of 15 Hz for tubes with an inner diameter of approximately 200 um. Standard deviation within 1,000 shots resulted in an excellent CV (standard deviation/dosage volume) of less than 2% of the dosage volume. Using tubes with an inner diameter of approximately 1,000 um and a print frequency of 340 Hz, a flow rate of less than or equal to 143 μL/s could be reached. Beyond the possibility to dispense pure liquids, emulsion paints with particles that have a diameter of approximately 40 μm have also been printed successfully.

Published
2004

15. Light-Induced Polaronic Absorption at Low Temperature in Pure and (Fe, Ce, Cr) Doped SrxBa1-xNb2O6or Ba1-yCayTiO3Crystals and Photodissociation of Vis Centers Into Small Polarons

Author

S. E. Kapphan, A. B. Kutsenko, M. Wierschem, V. S. Vikhnin, I. Kislova, M. Gao, T. Lindemann, and R. Pankrath

Subjects
Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Radiation, Absorption spectroscopy, Doping, Photodissociation, Inorganic chemistry, Analytical chemistry, Photorefractive effect, Condensed Matter Physics, Polaron, Calcium titanate, chemistry.chemical_compound, chemistry, Impurity, General Materials Science, Absorption (electromagnetic radiation)
Abstract

Congruent SBN and BCT crystals doped with Fe, Cr, Ce to enhance photorefractive properties, are investigated at low temperature (T > 1 K) under illumination with Ar☎- and Kr☎-laser light. Light-induced absorption changes in a wide spectral range from UV to IR indicate photoinduced charge transfer processes from impurities to polaronic centers. Broad NIR absorptions (at about 0,7 eV) associated with Ti3☎ polarons in BCT or with Nb4☎ polarons in SBN are observed and their non-linear behaviour with illumination intensity, polarization and temperature is described on the basis of the simple model for the photo charge transport (in SBN: Ce3☎☎ Nb5☎↔Ce4☎☎Nb4☎). A broad visible absorption VIS (at about 2 eV) appearing together with the NIR polarons, is shown by photodissociation (with a Kr☎-laser) to consist at least partly of small polarons (in BCT and SBN).

Published
2003

17. Excitation Functions of the Analyzing Power inpp→Scattering from 0.45 to 2.5 GeV

Author

M. Altmeier, F. Bauer, J. Bisplinghoff, M. Busch, K. Büßer, T. Colberg, L. Demirörs, O. Diehl, H. P. Engelhardt, P. D. Eversheim, O. Felden, R. Gebel, M. Glende, J. Greiff, F. Hinterberger, E. Jonas, H. Krause, T. Lindemann, J. Lindlein, R. Maier, R. Maschuw, A. Meinerzhagen, D. Prasuhn, H. Rohdjeß, D. Rosendaal, P. von Rossen, N. Schirm, V. Schwarz, W. Scobel, H. J. Trelle, E. Weise, A. Wellinghausen, and R. Ziegler

Subjects
Physics, Elastic scattering, Proton, Scattering, Phase (waves), Physics::Accelerator Physics, General Physics and Astronomy, Atomic physics, Nuclear Experiment, Spin (physics), Excitation, Storage ring, Beam (structure)
Abstract

Excitation functions A(N)(p(p),Theta(c.m.)) of the analyzing power in pp--> elastic scattering have been measured with a polarized atomic hydrogen target for projectile momenta p(p) between 1000 and 3300 MeV/ c. The experiment was performed for scattering angles 30 degrees

Published
2000

18. Simultaneous determination of arsenic, selenium and antimony species using HPLC/ICP-MS

Author

T. Lindemann, Andreas Prange, B. Neidhart, and Walter Dannecker

Subjects
Detection limit, Chromatography, Antimony, chemistry, Ion exchange, chemistry.chemical_element, Mass spectrometry, Biochemistry, High-performance liquid chromatography, Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, Selenium, Arsenic
Abstract

A new method for the simultaneous separation and determination of four arsenic species [As(III), As(V), monomethylarsonic acid and dimethylarsinic acid], three selenium species [Se(IV), Se(VI) and selenomethionine] as well as Sb(III) and Sb(V) is presented. The speciation was achieved by on-line coupling of anion exchange high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Chromatographic parameters such as the composition and pH of the mobile phase were optimised. Limits of detection are below 4.5 μg L–1 (as element) for Sb(III) and the selenium species and below 0.5 μg L–1 for the other species. Precisions of retention times were better than 2% RSD and of peak areas better than 8% RSD for all the species investigated.

Published
1999

19. A helical scintillating fiber hodoscope

Author

J. Bisplinghoff, U. Lahr, T. Lindemann, M. Busch, H. Rohdjeß, A. Meinerzhagen, K. Woller, H. Krause, N. Schirm, B Sanz, R. Maschuw, T Mayer-Kuckuck, Ralf Gebel, W. Wiedmann, M. Altmeier, P.D. Eversheim, R. Groß-Hardt, J. Greiff, Wolfgang Scobel, H. J. Trelle, F. Hinterberger, T. Colberg, M. Jeske, D. Prasuhn, Rudolf Langkau, O. Nähle, A. Wellinghausen, E. Weise, K. Büßer, M. Glende, R. Bollmann, S. Thomas, O. Diehl, R. Maier, F. Dohrmann, Olaf Felden, D. Rosendaal, R. Ziegler, R. Jahn, F. Bauer, J. Lindlein, V. Schwarz, M. Schulz-Rojahn, M. Pfuff, H. P. Engelhardt, E. Jonas, A. Groß, T. Bissel, L. Demirörs, and P. von Rossen

Subjects
Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Photomultiplier, Angular range, Scintillating fiber, business.industry, Detector, Synchrotron, Charged particle, law.invention, Optics, Hodoscope, law, Inner diameter, business, Instrumentation
Abstract

A novel scintillating fiber hodoscope in helically cylindric geometry has been developed for detection of low multiplicity events of fast protons and other light charged particles in the internal target experiment EDDA at the Cooler Synchrotron COSY. The hodoscope consists of 640 scintillating fibers (2.5 mm diameter), arranged in four layers surrounding the COSY beam pipe. The fibers are helically wound in opposing directions and read out individually using 16-channel photomultipliers connected to a modified commercial encoding system. The detector covers an angular range of 9°⩽ Θ ⩽72° and 0°⩽ ϕ ⩽360° in the lab frame. The detector length is 590 mm, the inner diameter 161 mm. Geometry and granularity of the hodoscope afford a position resolution of about 1.3 mm. The detector design took into consideration a maximum of reliability and a minimum of maintenance. An LED array may be used for monitoring purposes.

Published
1999

20. Excitation functions of proton-proton elastic scattering at intermediate energies

Author

W. Scobel, F. Dohrmann, J. Bisplinghoff, F. Hinterberger, M. Altmeier, F. Bauer, T. Bissel, R. Bollmann, M. Busch, K. Büßer, P. Cloth, R. Danie, O. Diehl, H.P. Engelhardt, J. Ernst, P.D. Eversheim, O. Felden, J. Flammer, M. Gasthuber, R. Gebel, J. Greiff, A. Groß, R. Groß-Hardt, K. Hebbel, T. Hüskes, R. Jahn, I. Koch, R. Langkau, T. Lindemann, J. Lindlein, R. Maier, R. Maschuw, T. Mayer-Kuckuk, M. Pfuff, D. Prasuhn, H. Rohdjeß, D. Rosendaal, P. von Rossen, N. Schirm, M. Schulz-Rojahn, V. Schwarz, S. Steinbeck, G. Sterzenbach, S. Thomas, H.J. Trelle, M. Walker, E. Weise, A. Wellinghausen, K. Woller, and R. Ziegler

Subjects
Physics, Elastic scattering, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Range (particle radiation), Luminosity (scattering theory), Proton, Kinetic energy, Synchrotron, law.invention, Momentum, Nuclear physics, law, Atomic physics, Nuclear Experiment, Excitation
Abstract

Excitation functions of proton-proton elastic cross sections have been measured in narrow momentum steps Δp = 28 MeV/c in the kinetic energy range from 0.5 to 2.5 GeV and the angular range 35° ≤ Θ cm ≤ 90° with a detector providing ΔΘ cm ≈ 1.4° resolution and 82% solid angle coverage. Measurements have been performed continuously during projectile acceleration in the Cooler Synchrotron COSY with an internal CH 2 fiber target; background corrections were derived from measurements with a carbon fiber target and from Monte Carlo simulations of inelastic pp contributions. Particular care was taken to monitor the luminosity as a function of beam energy. The results provide excitation functions and angular distributions of unprecedented precision and internal consistency. The measured cross sections are compared to recent phase shift analyses, and their impact on the present solution SM97 [1] is discussed.

Published
1998

21. Transverse polarization ofΛandΛ¯hyperons in quasireal photoproduction

Author

I. Brunn, A. Kisselev, J. Wilbert, W. Augustyniak, Alessandra Fantoni, G. Graw, B. D. Fox, B. Zihlmann, M. Stancari, V. Mexner, B. Tchuiko, M. Kopytin, A. Nass, G. Schnell, O. Grebeniouk, A. Nagaitsev, B. Hommez, P. E. Reimer, P. Lenisa, J. Seibert, A. Trzcinski, Michel Vetterli, M. Henoch, E. Thomas, A. Laziev, M. Vogt, D. Reggiani, N. Akopov, B. Seitz, S. Tessarin, P. B. van der Nat, Katerina Lipka, K. Oganessyan, G. Iarygin, F. Masoli, J. Visser, A. Jgoun, V. A. Gapienko, G. M. Urciuoli, H. Kolster, Dirk Ryckbosch, M. Amarian, V. Vikhrov, Adel Terkulov, R. Van de Vyver, S. Belostotski, Manuella Vincter, H. Marukyan, Hidekazu Tanaka, M. Statera, Rezo Shanidze, J. Franz, Salvatore Frullani, Y. Gärber, J. Stewart, L. G. Greeniaus, V. A. Korotkov, A. Brüll, F. Menden, P. F. Dalpiaz, V. V. Ammosov, S. Yen, H. E. Jackson, A. Tkabladze, V. G. Krivokhijine, Andrey V. Izotov, C. Weiskopf, Ralf Kaiser, H. P. Blok, H. C. Chiang, C. Baumgarten, Ralf Hertenberger, S. Yoneyama, C. A. Miller, Valeria Muccifora, E. Steffens, G. Gavrilov, B. Krauss, C. Scarlett, Wolfgang Lorenzon, J. Ely, K. Königsmann, V. Baturin, V. A. Kozlov, M. Ehrenfried, S. Potashov, E. De Sanctis, Franco Garibaldi, H. Zohrabian, W.H.A. Hesselink, R. De Leo, A. Fechtchenko, D. Veretennikov, G. Elbakian, Erika Garutti, S. Bernreuther, M. Bouwhuis, A. Airapetian, H. Böttcher, Michael Tytgat, A. Andrus, S. Taroian, A. Elalaoui-Moulay, Frank Ellinghaus, A. Borissov, P. Di Nezza, P. Liebing, E. R. Kinney, M. Contalbrigo, A. Schwind, Martin Raithel, E. C. Aschenauer, Y. Naryshkin, L. Felawka, V. Shutov, U. Elschenbroich, I. Sanjiev, G. Orlandi, K. P. Schüler, Naomi C R Makins, D. Gaskell, A. Hillenbrand, G. P. Capitani, E. Avetissian, Nicola Bianchi, O. Mikloukho, P. Bailey, U. Stosslein, L. Lagamba, Z. Akopov, Y. Miyachi, P. Zupranski, J. Wendland, D. Hasch, D. H. Potterveld, R. Fabbri, T. A. Shibata, G. Gapienko, R.O. Avakian, N. Meyners, G. Rosner, E. Devitsin, K. Sinram, H. Ohsuga, L. De Nardo, V. Gharibyan, A. Rostomyan, A. R. Reolon, A. Avetissian, J. Volmer, J. J. M. Steijger, Michael Düren, K. Hafidi, Y. Holler, M. C. Simani, A. Reischl, G. Ciullo, Christian Schill, Eugenio Nappi, M. Hartig, T. Wise, M. Beckmann, L. Lapikás, Jeffrey Brack, W. Haeberli, Klaus Rith, D. Heesbeen, G. van der Steenhoven, T. Lindemann, I.A. Savin, G.R. Court, Andreas Schäfer, and W.-D. Nowak

Subjects
Physics, HERMES experiment, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Hyperon, Lambda, Lambda baryon, Polarization (waves), 01 natural sciences, Particle identification, Nuclear physics, Transverse plane, Light cone, 0103 physical sciences, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Atomic physics, Nuclear Experiment, 010306 general physics
Abstract

The HERMES experiment has measured the transverse polarization of Lambda and {ovr Lambda} hyperons produced inclusively in quasireal photoproduction at a positron beam energy of 27.6 GeV. The transverse polarization P{sub n}{sup Lambda} of the Lambda hyperon is found to be positive while the observed {ovr Lambda} polarization is compatible with zero. The values averaged over the kinematic acceptance of HERMES are P{sub n}{sup Lambda} =0.078 {+-} 0.006(stat) {+-} 0.012(syst) and P{sub n}{sup {ovr Lambda}} = -0.025 {+-} 0.015(stat) {+-} 0.018(syst) for Lambda and {ovr Lambda}, respectively. The dependences of P{sub n}{sup Lambda} and P{sub n}{sup {ovr Lambda}} on the fraction zeta of the beam's light-cone momentum carried by the hyperon and on the hyperon's transverse momentum p{sub T} were investigated. The measured Lambda polarization rises linearly with p{sub T} and exhibits a different behavior for low and high values of zeta, which approximately correspond to the backward and forward regions in the center-of-mass frame of the gamma*N reaction.

Published
2007

22. Discrete Chemical Release From a microfluidic Chip

Author

Peter Koltay, J. Kohnle, T. Lindemann, Min Hu, Roland Zengerle, and T.. Gottsche

Subjects
Chemical technology, Materials science, Computer simulation, Mechanical Engineering, Microfluidics, Response time, Nanotechnology, Air chamber, Controlled release, Experimental testing, Microfluidic chip, Pharmaceutical technology, Fluidics, Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Abstract

We demonstrate a discrete chemical release method, capable of delivering picoliter volumes of chemical solutions with 100 mum of spatial resolution and 20 mus of response time. The releasing mechanism is based on the transfer of pulsed liquid plugs through a hydrophobic air chamber. A microfluidic chip consisting of such a releasing array (2 times 10) is designed and fabricated. Numerical simulation and experimental testing are performed to verify the working principle. Advantages of this release-on-demand technology include leakage-free, fast response and versatile control of release profile. This new method could be a key enabling technology for precisely controlled release of biochemicals for modern pharmacological and biological research.

Published
2006

23. Bubble jet printhead with integrated polyimide nozzleplate

Author

T. Goettsche, Peter Koltay, H. Ashauer, A. Bellone, T. Lindemann, Roland Zengerle, A. Scardovi, D. Sassano, Hermann Sandmaier, Y. Yu, and R.-P. Peters

Subjects
Jet (fluid), Surface micromachining, Materials science, business.industry, Bubble, Laser beam machining, Nozzle, Microfluidics, Substrate (electronics), Structural engineering, Composite material, business, Layer (electronics)
Abstract

This paper reports for the first time on a new 1/3 inch thermal bubble jet printhead with integrated nozzle plate. The printhead is a combination of a standard printhead substrate with a new three-dimensional structured polyimide nozzle plate avoiding a three layer assembly known from other commercial printheads. The 50 /spl mu/m thick nozzle plate contains the fluidic channels and 208 nozzles with minimum lateral dimensions of 10 /spl mu/m. The misalignment of the two laser structured layers has proved to be less than 1 /spl mu/m. The nozzle plate is assembled with the substrate using a 3 /spl mu/m adhesive layer with an alignment accuracy of 3 /spl mu/m. The integrated nozzle plate leads to a better control of the printhead geometry and saves one processing step in production. Fully three dimensional computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations have been performed to investigate the effect of misalignments, the thickness of the adhesive layer and heater geometry. The agreement between simulation and experiment is better than 5%.

Published
2005

24. Dependence of the temperature distribution in micro hotplates on heater geometry and heating mode

Author

M. Ehmann, Oliver Paul, T. Lindemann, and Patrick Ruther

Subjects
Resistive touchscreen, Membrane, Materials science, Silicon, chemistry, Thermistor, Homogeneity (physics), Electric heating, Electronic engineering, chemistry.chemical_element, Composite material, Temperature measurement, Finite element method
Abstract

This paper reports experimental and numerical results on the temperature distribution in micro hotplates. The test structures applied in this study consist of suspended membranes with two integrated polysilicon heaters and discrete resistive thermistors for temperature measurement. The influence of different heater geometries and heating modes are evaluated with respect to an improvement of the temperature homogeneity across the suspended membrane. The experiments are compared with simulation results obtained with the finite element (FE) simulation tool SOLIDIS 6.0.

Published
2004

25. Flavor decomposition of the sea-quark helicity distributions in the nucleon from semiinclusive deep inelastic scattering

Author

P. Zupranski, N. Meyners, G. Rosner, A. Airapetian, A. Borissov, Hidekazu Tanaka, A. Nagaitsev, A. Tkabladze, M. Negodaev, M. Contalbrigo, B. Hommez, Salvatore Frullani, P. E. Reimer, R. Seidl, C. Shearer, V. A. Korotkov, M. Bouwhuis, Martin Raithel, E. C. Aschenauer, V. Shutov, A. Hillenbrand, G. Graw, M. Henoch, V. A. Kozlov, I. Sanjiev, H. Ohsuga, Michel Vetterli, B. D. Fox, B. Zihlmann, H. C. Chiang, S. Belostotski, J. Volmer, H. P. Blok, Erika Garutti, H. Böttcher, A. Ivanilov, B. Seitz, M. Statera, V. A. Gapienko, G. Orlandi, V. Bryzgalov, Wolfgang Lorenzon, Naomi C R Makins, G. Schnell, P. F. Dalpiaz, M. Stancari, D. Gaskell, N. Akopov, K. Königsmann, V. Baturin, U. Elschenbroich, L. Felawka, M. Amarian, A. Fechtchenko, Ralf Hertenberger, E. De Sanctis, V. Gharibyan, Franco Garibaldi, G. Iarygin, G. Elbakian, K. P. Schüler, Y. Holler, S. Bernreuther, Andrey V. Izotov, A. Elalaoui-Moulay, Frank Ellinghaus, P. B. van der Nat, E. R. Kinney, P. Bailey, P. Tait, G. P. Capitani, A. Schwind, Dirk Ryckbosch, Valeria Muccifora, W.H.A. Hesselink, H. Marukyan, E. Avetissian, Nicola Bianchi, O. Mikloukho, A. Rostomyan, A. R. Reolon, Y. Naryshkin, J. Franz, Michael Tytgat, S. Potashov, O. Grebeniouk, H. Zohrabian, U. Stosslein, L. Lagamba, M. C. Simani, A. Avetissian, Z. Akopov, F. Masoli, J. Visser, M. Vogt, V. Vikhrov, Manuella Vincter, J. Lu, S. Taroian, S. Yen, G. V. Ybeles Smit, C. A. Miller, L. G. Greeniaus, C. Weiskopf, A. Andrus, Katerina Lipka, H. E. Jackson, Ralf Kaiser, J. Seele, B. Krauss, V. G. Krivokhijine, P. Di Nezza, Alessandra Fantoni, J. Ely, A. Reischl, Y. Miyachi, L. Rubacek, M. Hoek, A. Jgoun, C. Scarlett, K. Hafidi, E. Steffens, P. Liebing, C. Baumgarten, G. Gapienko, G. Gavrilov, P. Lenisa, G. Ciullo, C. Vogel, C. Riedl, R. Fabbri, T. A. Shibata, K. Oganessyan, J. Wendland, Christian Schill, R.O. Avakian, A. Trzcinski, Adel Terkulov, B. Tchuiko, M. Kopytin, D. Hasch, A. Nass, D. Reggiani, V. Mexner, L. Lapikás, E. Devitsin, J. Stewart, V. V. Ammosov, A. Brüll, J. Wilbert, Y. Gärber, D. H. Potterveld, Y. Salomatin, Arne Vandenbroucke, R. Shanidze, M. Hartig, A. Laziev, W. Augustyniak, N. Pickert, M. Ehrenfried, K. Garrow, R. De Leo, B. Marianski, Jeffrey Brack, W.-D. Nowak, Eugenio Nappi, A. Kisselev, B. Maiheu, M. Beckmann, K. Sinram, L. De Nardo, J. J. M. Steijger, Michael Düren, G. van der Steenhoven, T. Lindemann, Klaus Rith, D. Heesbeen, I.A. Savin, Andreas Schäfer, (Astro)-Particles Physics, Photo Conversion Materials, and Student Lab and Education

Subjects
Quark, Particle physics, Meson, High Energy Physics::Lattice, Nuclear Theory, Hadron, FOS: Physical sciences, General Physics and Astronomy, 13.60.–r, Inelastic scattering, High Energy Physics - Experiment, Nuclear physics, High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex), Pion, 13.88.+e, Nuclear Experiment, 14.20.Dh, 14.65.–q, QC, Physics, High Energy Physics::Phenomenology, Quark model, Deep inelastic scattering, Baryon, High Energy Physics::Experiment
Abstract

Double-spin asymmetries of semi-inclusive cross sections for the production of identified pions and kaons have been measured in deep-inelastic scattering of polarized positrons on a polarized deuterium target. Five helicity distributions including those for three sea quark flavors were extracted from these data together with re-analyzed previous data for identified pions from a hydrogen target. These distributions are consistent with zero for all three sea flavors. A recently predicted flavor asymmetry in the polarization of the light quark sea appears to be disfavored by the data., Comment: 5 pages, 3 figures

Published
2004

26. Excitation Functions of the Analyzing Power in Elastic Proton-Proton Scattering from 0.45 to 2.5 GeV

Author

M. Altmeier, F. Bauer, J. Bisplinghoff, K. Büßer, M. Busch, T. Colberg, L. Demirörs, H. P. Engelhardt, P. D. Eversheim, K. O. Eyser, O. Felden, R. Gebel, M. Glende, J. Greiff, F. Hinterberger, E. Jonas, H. Krause, T. Lindemann, J. Lindlein, B. Lorentz, R. Maier, R. Maschuw, A. Meinerzhagen, D. Prasuhn, H. Rohdjeß, D. Rosendaal, P. von Rossen, N. Schirm, V. Schwarz, W. Scobel, H. -J. Trelle, K. Ulbrich, E. Weise, A. Wellinghausen, and R. Ziegler

Subjects
Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Proton, hodoscope [scintillation counter], Phase (waves), momentum dependence, FOS: Physical sciences, Juelich COSY PS, Kinetic energy, law.invention, Nuclear physics, law, ddc:530, Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex), Nuclear Experiment, Spin-½, Physics, Scattering, polarized target [hydrogen], partial wave analysis, Synchrotron, 30-90 degrees [1.0-3.3 GeV/c], High Energy Physics::Experiment, elastic scattering [p p], Excitation, Beam (structure), angular dependence [analyzing power], experimental results
Abstract

Excitation functions A_N(p_{lab},Theta_{c.m.}) of the analyzing power in elastic proton-proton scattering have been measured in an internal target experiment at the Cooler Synchrotron COSY with an unpolarized proton beam and a polarized atomic hydrogen target. Data were taken continuously during the acceleration and deceleration for proton kinetic energies T_{lab} (momenta p_{lab}) between 0.45 and 2.5 GeV (1.0 and 3.3 GeV/c) and scattering angles 30 deg < Theta_{c.m.} < 90 deg. The results provide excitation functions and angular distributions of high precision and internal consistency. The data can be used as calibration standard between 0.45 and 2.5 GeV. They have significant impact on phase shift solutions, in particular on the spin triplet phase shifts between 1.0 and 1.8 GeV., 13 pages, 17 figures

Published
2004
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27. Q2Dependence of Nuclear Transparency for Exclusiveρ0Production

Author

I. Brunn, A. Kisselev, J. Wilbert, A. Nagaitsev, U. Stosslein, L. Lagamba, Z. Akopov, V. A. Korotkov, Michel Vetterli, A. Laziev, V. Gapienko, P. E. Reimer, M. Henoch, B. D. Fox, B. Zihlmann, Y. Miyachi, M. Stancari, T. Wise, J. Wendland, W. Augustyniak, G. van der Steenhoven, N. Akopov, G. Schnell, D. Hasch, K. Königsmann, V. Baturin, B. Hommez, M. Beckmann, D. H. Potterveld, H. P. Blok, Alessandra Fantoni, S. Tessarin, S. Yoneyama, T. Lindemann, K. Hafidi, H. Kolster, H. Ohsuga, G. Elbakian, G. Graw, Wolfgang Lorenzon, S. Bernreuther, A. Tkabladze, A. Elalaoui-Moulay, Frank Ellinghaus, Dirk Ryckbosch, R. Fabbri, B. Tchuiko, M. Kopytin, T. A. Shibata, A. Nass, S. Podiatchev, A. Rostomyan, R.O. Avakian, E. R. Kinney, A. R. Reolon, A. Avetissian, A. Jgoun, B. Seitz, A. Schwind, P. Lenisa, J. Seibert, K. Sinram, E. Devitsin, L. De Nardo, A. Trzcinski, G. Gapienko, O. Grebeniouk, P. B. van der Nat, D. Reggiani, M. Vogt, Y. Naryshkin, V. Gharibyan, V. V. Ammosov, K. Oganessyan, M. Ehrenfried, A. Hillenbrand, E. De Sanctis, V. Vikhrov, Manuella Vincter, Franco Garibaldi, R. De Leo, V. A. Kozlov, Klaus Rith, D. Heesbeen, M. Bouwhuis, J. J. M. Steijger, Michael Düren, L. G. Greeniaus, C. Weiskopf, H. Böttcher, H. E. Jackson, S. Belostotski, V. G. Krivokhijine, Eugenio Nappi, Erika Garutti, C. Baumgarten, A. Andrus, G. Iarygin, L. Felawka, I.A. Savin, B. Krauss, G. P. Capitani, H. Marukyan, R. Van de Vyver, C. Scarlett, G.R. Court, J. Franz, Andreas Schäfer, A. Terkulov, K. Negodaeva, M. Amarian, M. Hartig, S. Potashov, H. Zohrabian, Hidekazu Tanaka, U. Elschenbroich, A. Airapetian, P. Bailey, G. M. Urciuoli, P. Di Nezza, J. Stewart, P. Liebing, A. Brüll, Ralf Hertenberger, W.H.A. Hesselink, P. Zupranski, H. C. Chiang, N. Meyners, G. Rosner, L. Lapikás, K. P. Schüler, A. Borissov, E. Avetissian, Nicola Bianchi, O. Mikloukho, A. Reischl, W. Haeberli, G. Ciullo, Christian Schill, Salvatore Frullani, Valeria Muccifora, P. F. Dalpiaz, Y. Holler, Jeffrey Brack, M. C. Simani, J. Volmer, A. Fechtchenko, Michael Tytgat, S. Taroian, Y. Gärber, E. Thomas, R. Shanidze, M. Contalbrigo, Martin Raithel, E. C. Aschenauer, V. Shutov, M. Statera, I. Sanjiev, Andrey V. Izotov, G. Orlandi, Naomi C R Makins, C. A. Miller, J. Ely, D. Gaskell, F. Menden, S. Yen, Ralf Kaiser, E. Steffens, G. Gavrilov, F. Masoli, J. Visser, V. Mexner, and W.-D. Nowak

Subjects
HERMES experiment, Physics, Nuclear reaction, Particle physics, Meson, Nuclear Theory, Hadron, General Physics and Astronomy, Virtual particle, Coherence length, Nuclear physics, Nuclear transparency, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Nuclear Experiment, Nucleon
Abstract

Exclusive coherent and incoherent electroproduction of the rho(0) meson from H-1 and N-14 targets has been studied at the HERMES experiment as a function of coherence length (l(c)), corresponding to the lifetime of hadronic fluctuations of the virtual photon, and squared four-momentum of the virtual photon (-Q(2)). The ratio of N-14 to H-1 cross sections per nucleon, called nuclear transparency, was found to increase (decrease) with increasing l(c) for coherent (incoherent) rho(0) electroproduction. For fixed l(c), a rise of nuclear transparency with Q(2) is observed for both coherent and incoherent rho(0) production, which is in agreement with theoretical calculations of color transparency.

Published
2003

28. Quark fragmentation to π±, π0, K±, p and p_bar in the nuclear environment

Author

R. Fabbri, Katerina Lipka, A. Fechtchenko, T. A. Shibata, M. Statera, K. P. Schüler, R.O. Avakian, E. Nappi, Dirk Ryckbosch, C. Shearer, C. Vogel, B. Seitz, E. Devitsin, O. Mikloukho, A. R. Reolon, J. Seele, S. Bernreuther, J. Wilbert, L. Lapikás, U. Elschenbroich, P. B. van der Nat, Adel Terkulov, Arne Vandenbroucke, H. E. Jackson, V. G. Krivokhijine, G. Gapienko, S. Belostotski, V. Bryzgalov, Y. Salomatin, W. Augustyniak, A. Tkabladze, F. Garibaldi, C. Baumgarten, Ralf Hertenberger, E. Avetissian, H. C. Chiang, B. D. Fox, Y. Holler, V. A. Korotkov, K. Sinram, L. De Nardo, G. Schnell, M. C. Simani, M. Stancari, M. Contalbrigo, V. Vikhrov, W.H.A. Hesselink, S. Potashov, P. E. Reimer, H. Zohrabian, Martin Raithel, Manuella Vincter, E. C. Aschenauer, V. Shutov, M. Henoch, Jeffrey Brack, H. Tanaka, K. Königsmann, B. Krauss, M. Hoek, V. Baturin, I. Sanjiev, A. Airapetian, Hasko Stenzel, C. Scarlett, V. Gharibyan, G. Graw, M. Ehrenfried, Naomi C R Makins, D. Gaskell, R. De Leo, P. Liebing, K. Hafidi, G. Elbakian, A. Borissov, L. Rubacek, M. Vogt, B. Tchuiko, M. Kopytin, J. Lu, A. Nass, B. Hommez, S. Yen, A. Elalaoui-Moulay, Frank Ellinghaus, E. R. Kinney, G. V. Ybeles Smit, R. Seidl, E. Garutti, A. Hillenbrand, V. Mexner, A. Schwind, Ralf Kaiser, Y. Naryshkin, B. Marianski, Andrey V. Izotov, E. De Sanctis, M. Bouwhuis, H. Ohsuga, H. Böttcher, E. Steffens, J. Stewart, A. Brüll, G. Gavrilov, D. Hasch, Y. Miyachi, J. Wendland, K. Oganessyan, A. Laziev, W.-D. Nowak, Michael Tytgat, A. Ivanilov, L. Felawka, V. Gapienko, B. Maiheu, P. Tait, D. H. Potterveld, M. Amarian, C. A. Miller, K. Garrow, J. Ely, A. Rostomyan, A. Avetissian, A. Kisselev, L. Lagamba, A. Fantoni, A. Reischl, S. Taroian, N. Bianchi, A. Nagaitsev, J. J. M. Steijger, Michael Düren, P. Di Nezza, G. Iarygin, Michel Vetterli, G. Ciullo, Christian Schill, H. Marukyan, J. Franz, B. Zihlmann, R. Shanidze, V. Kozlov, S. Frullani, N. Pickert, N. Akopov, O. Grebeniouk, P. F. Dalpiaz, G.P. Capitani, H. P. Blok, P. Zupranski, Wolfgang Lorenzon, V. V. Ammosov, J. Volmer, F. Masoli, N. Meyners, G. Rosner, U. Stosslein, Z. Akopov, G. van der Steenhoven, T. Lindemann, L. G. Greeniaus, C. Weiskopf, A. Borysenko, Klaus Rith, D. Heesbeen, I.A. Savin, Andreas Schäfer, P. Lenisa, A. Trzcinski, D. Reggiani, V. Muccifora, M. Hartig, M. Negodaev, P. Bailey, I. M. Gregor, A. Jgoun, C. Riedl, M. Beckmann, and A. Andrus

Subjects
HERMES experiment, Quark, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Meson, Nuclear Theory, Hadron, chemistry.chemical_element, 13.87.Fh, 13.60.-r, 14.20.-c, 14.40.-n, 01 natural sciences, 7. Clean energy, Nuclear physics, 0103 physical sciences, Multiplicity (chemistry), Nuclear Experiment, 010306 general physics, Physics, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Krypton, Baryon, Deuterium, chemistry, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Atomic physics
Abstract

The influence of the nuclear medium on lepto-production of hadrons was studied in the HERMES experiment at DESY in semi-inclusive deep-inelastic scattering of 27.6 GeV positrons off deuterium, nitrogen and krypton targets. The differential multiplicity for krypton relative to that of deuterium has been measured for the first time for various identified hadrons (π+, π−, π0, K+, K−, p and p ) as a function of the virtual photon energy ν, the fraction z of this energy transferred to the hadron, and the hadron transverse momentum squared pt2. The multiplicity ratio is strongly reduced in the nuclear medium at low ν and high z, with significant differences among the various hadrons. The distribution of the hadron transverse momentum is broadened towards high pt2 in the nuclear medium, in a manner resembling the Cronin effect previously observed in collisions of heavy ions and protons with nuclei.

Published
2003

29. Q2 dependence of nuclear transparency for exclusive rho0 production

Author

A, Airapetian, N, Akopov, Z, Akopov, M, Amarian, V V, Ammosov, A, Andrus, E C, Aschenauer, W, Augustyniak, R, Avakian, A, Avetissian, E, Avetissian, P, Bailey, V, Baturin, C, Baumgarten, M, Beckmann, S, Belostotski, S, Bernreuther, N, Bianchi, H P, Blok, H, Böttcher, A, Borissov, M, Bouwhuis, J, Brack, A, Brüll, I, Brunn, G P, Capitani, H C, Chiang, G, Ciullo, M, Contalbrigo, G R, Court, P F, Dalpiaz, R, De Leo, L, De Nardo, E, De Sanctis, E, Devitsin, P, Di Nezza, M, Düren, M, Ehrenfried, A, Elalaoui-Moulay, G, Elbakian, F, Ellinghaus, U, Elschenbroich, J, Ely, R, Fabbri, A, Fantoni, A, Fechtchenko, L, Felawka, B, Fox, J, Franz, S, Frullani, Y, Gärber, G, Gapienko, V, Gapienko, F, Garibaldi, E, Garutti, D, Gaskell, G, Gavrilov, V, Gharibyan, G, Graw, O, Grebeniouk, L G, Greeniaus, W, Haeberli, K, Hafidi, M, Hartig, D, Hasch, D, Heesbeen, M, Henoch, R, Hertenberger, W H A, Hesselink, A, Hillenbrand, Y, Holler, B, Hommez, G, Iarygin, A, Izotov, H E, Jackson, A, Jgoun, R, Kaiser, E, Kinney, A, Kisselev, K, Königsmann, H, Kolster, M, Kopytin, V, Korotkov, V, Kozlov, B, Krauss, V G, Krivokhijine, L, Lagamba, L, Lapikás, A, Laziev, P, Lenisa, P, Liebing, T, Lindemann, W, Lorenzon, N C R, Makins, H, Marukyan, F, Masoli, F, Menden, V, Mexner, N, Meyners, O, Mikloukho, C A, Miller, Y, Miyachi, V, Muccifora, A, Nagaitsev, E, Nappi, Y, Naryshkin, A, Nass, K, Negodaeva, W-D, Nowak, K, Oganessyan, H, Ohsuga, G, Orlandi, S, Podiatchev, S, Potashov, D H, Potterveld, M, Raithel, D, Reggiani, P, Reimer, A, Reischl, A R, Reolon, K, Rith, G, Rosner, A, Rostomyan, D, Ryckbosch, I, Sanjiev, I, Savin, C, Scarlett, A, Schäfer, C, Schill, G, Schnell, K P, Schüler, A, Schwind, J, Seibert, B, Seitz, R, Shanidze, T-A, Shibata, V, Shutov, M C, Simani, K, Sinram, M, Stancari, M, Statera, E, Steffens, J J M, Steijger, J, Stewart, U, Stösslein, H, Tanaka, S, Taroian, B, Tchuiko, A, Terkulov, S, Tessarin, E, Thomas, A, Tkabladze, A, Trzcinski, M, Tytgat, G M, Urciuoli, P, Van Der Nat, G, Van Der Steenhoven, R, Van De Vyver, M C, Vetterli, V, Vikhrov, M G, Vincter, J, Visser, M, Vogt, J, Volmer, C, Weiskopf, J, Wendland, J, Wilbert, T, Wise, S, Yen, S, Yoneyama, B, Zihlmann, H, Zohrabian, and P, Zupranski

Abstract

Exclusive coherent and incoherent electroproduction of the rho(0) meson from 1H and 14N targets has been studied at the HERMES experiment as a function of coherence length (l(c)), corresponding to the lifetime of hadronic fluctuations of the virtual photon, and squared four-momentum of the virtual photon (-Q2). The ratio of 14N to 1H cross sections per nucleon, called nuclear transparency, was found to increase (decrease) with increasing l(c) for coherent (incoherent) rho(0) electroproduction. For fixed l(c), a rise of nuclear transparency with Q2 is observed for both coherent and incoherent rho(0) production, which is in agreement with theoretical calculations of color transparency.

Published
2002

30. Evidence for Quark-Hadron Duality in the Proton Spin Asymmetry $A_1$

Author

Michel Vetterli, N. Akopov, F. Menden, B. Hommez, Klaus Rith, D. Heesbeen, L. G. Greeniaus, E. De Sanctis, U. Stosslein, Franco Garibaldi, C. A. Miller, S. Yen, C. Weiskopf, L. Lagamba, A. Jgoun, B. D. Fox, B. Zihlmann, Z. Akopov, J. Ely, Ralf Kaiser, G. Schnell, A. Rostomyan, A. R. Reolon, A. Avetissian, G. M. Urciuoli, J. Stewart, E. Steffens, E. Kotik, A. Brüll, G. Hofman, W. Haeberli, G. Gavrilov, V. V. Ammosov, F. Masoli, J. Visser, F. Sato, A. Reischl, K. Negodaeva, A. Fechtchenko, G. S. Kyle, I.A. Savin, K. Sinram, H. J. Bulten, L. De Nardo, B. Tipton, K. P. Schüler, U. Elschenbroich, M. Amarian, R. Van de Vyver, G. Ciullo, H. P. Blok, S. Yoneyama, Evaristo Cisbani, Valeria Muccifora, V. Gharibyan, L. Felawka, G. Iarygin, Christian Schill, S. Brauksiepe, B. Krauss, E. Avetissian, Nicola Bianchi, O. Mikloukho, Wolfgang Lorenzon, S. Potashov, H. Zohrabian, C. Scarlett, P. Bailey, H. Marukyan, G. P. Capitani, G.R. Court, Axel Maas, Andreas Schäfer, Eugenio Nappi, J. Franz, Andrey V. Izotov, A. Airapetian, P. Kitching, G. van der Steenhoven, J. Wendland, Michael Tytgat, P.W. Green, D. H. Potterveld, M. Bouwhuis, H. Böttcher, P. Di Nezza, F.H. Heinsius, Frank Ellinghaus, S. Taroian, V. Mexner, T. Lindemann, E. R. Kinney, V. Rappoport, P. Liebing, T. Wise, V. A. Korotkov, A. Schwind, R. Shanidze, S. Podiatchev, F. Schmidt, Martin Raithel, R. J. Holt, Y. Naryshkin, M. Beckmann, J. F. J. van den Brand, E. C. Aschenauer, V. Shutov, O. Grebeniouk, M. Stancari, Salvatore Frullani, J. J. M. Steijger, I. Sanjiev, P. F. Dalpiaz, K. Königsmann, Michael Düren, G. Orlandi, Naomi C R Makins, V. Baturin, S. Tessarin, P. Lenisa, J. Seibert, V. A. Kozlov, B. W. Filippone, D. Reggiani, J. Volmer, G. Elbakian, S. Belostotski, S. Bernreuther, Adel Terkulov, Yasuhiro Sakemi, M. Ehrenfried, R. De Leo, Erika Garutti, Y. Holler, V. Vikhrov, M. C. Simani, Manuella Vincter, Y. Gärber, P.K.A. de Witt Huberts, M. Hartig, E. Thomas, H. Avakian, Ralf Hertenberger, W.H.A. Hesselink, A. Gute, Dirk Ryckbosch, Othmane Bouhali, P. E. Reimer, M. Henoch, K. Suetsugu, R. Fabbri, T. A. Shibata, R.O. Avakian, H. E. Jackson, V. G. Krivokhijine, E. Devitsin, C. Baumgarten, N. Meyners, A. Borissov, K. Hafidi, V. A. Gapienko, H. Kolster, Alessandra Fantoni, G. Graw, M. Kopytin, A. Nass, Peter Jung, B. Seitz, D. Hasch, A. Laziev, K. Oganessyan, J. Wilbert, W.-D. Nowak, I. Brunn, A. Kisselev, H. Fischer, Jeffrey Brack, A. Nagaitsev, (Astro)-Particles Physics, and Photo Conversion Materials

Subjects
Quark, Particle physics, media_common.quotation_subject, Hadron, Nuclear Theory, FOS: Physical sciences, General Physics and Astronomy, Inelastic scattering, 01 natural sciences, Asymmetry, High Energy Physics - Experiment, Nuclear physics, High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex), Q(2)-DEPENDENCE, 0103 physical sciences, Proton spin crisis, SCATTERING, 010306 general physics, Nuclear Experiment, media_common, Physics, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, SUM, CONSTRAINTS, Deep inelastic scattering, 3. Good health, Baryon, POLARIMETER, NEUTRON, High Energy Physics::Experiment, POLARIZED HYDROGEN, Nucleon, RESONANCES, BEHAVIOR
Abstract

Spin-dependent lepton-nucleon scattering data have been used to investigate the validity of the concept of quark-hadron duality for the spin asymmetry $A_1$. Longitudinally polarised positrons were scattered off a longitudinally polarised hydrogen target for values of $Q^2$ between 1.2 and 12 GeV$^2$ and values of $W^2$ between 1 and 4 GeV$^2$. The average double-spin asymmetry in the nucleon resonance region is found to agree with that measured in deep-inelastic scattering at the same values of the Bjorken scaling variable $x$. This finding implies that the description of $A_1$ in terms of quark degrees of freedom is valid also in the nucleon resonance region for values of $Q^2$ above 1.6 GeV$^2$., 5 pages, 1 eps figure, table added, new references added, in print in Phys. Rev. Lett

Published
2002

31. Single-spin azimuthal asymmetries in electroproduction of neutral pions in semi-inclusive deep-inelastic scattering

Author

M. Henoch, W.H.A. Hesselink, K. Suetsugu, V. Djordjadze, Y. Holler, M. C. Simani, P.K.A. de Witt Huberts, H. J. Bulten, G. Ciullo, Christian Schill, W. Haeberli, S. Brauksiepe, P. Chumney, D. Robinson, V. Vikhrov, A. Rostomyan, A. R. Reolon, A. Avetissian, W.-D. Nowak, N. Meyners, Manuella Vincter, S. Potashov, H. Zohrabian, Michael Tytgat, G. S. Kyle, B. Hommez, B. Seitz, Axel Maas, A. Gute, S. Taroian, Hiroaki Kobayashi, P. Bailey, T. Wise, L. Felawka, F. Schmidt, B. D. Fox, Salvatore Frullani, S. Belostotski, E. De Sanctis, H. E. Jackson, V. G. Krivokhijine, A. Schwind, P. Di Nezza, Franco Garibaldi, M. Beckmann, J. F. J. van den Brand, Jeffrey Brack, P. Liebing, P. F. Dalpiaz, I. Brunn, A. Kisselev, P.W. Green, C. Baumgarten, G. M. Urciuoli, R. Van de Vyver, Klaus Rith, G. P. Capitani, D. Hasch, A. Simon, Thomas O'Neill, K. P. Schüler, D. Heesbeen, F.H. Heinsius, Frank Ellinghaus, E. R. Kinney, K. Negodaeva, M. Amarian, N. Koch, J. Wendland, D. H. Potterveld, E. Kotik, B. R. Owen, Yasuhiro Sakemi, E. Avetissian, Nicola Bianchi, O. Mikloukho, Evaristo Cisbani, M. Ruh, Y. Naryshkin, G. Iarygin, Dirk Ryckbosch, J. Stewart, A. Brüll, A. Airapetian, A. Laziev, A. Borissov, G. Hofman, V. A. Kozlov, M. Hartig, A. Jgoun, M. Ehrenfried, J. van Hunen, H. Marukyan, R. De Leo, B. Krauss, J. Franz, B. Tipton, M. Bouwhuis, C. Scarlett, H. Böttcher, S. F. Pate, O. Grebeniouk, Erika Garutti, U. Stosslein, J. J. M. Steijger, P. Lenisa, J. Seibert, Alessandra Fantoni, L. G. Greeniaus, L. Lagamba, Z. Akopov, B. W. Filippone, Eugenio Nappi, F. Sato, C. Weiskopf, D. Reggiani, K. McIlhany, A. Nass, Peter Jung, K. Sinram, L. De Nardo, V. Gharibyan, I.A. Savin, S. Yoneyama, G.R. Court, Wolfgang Lorenzon, Andreas Schäfer, M. McAndrew, F. Meissner, G. van der Steenhoven, K. Oganessyan, A. Golendukhin, T. Lindemann, H. Fischer, J. Wilbert, V. A. Korotkov, G. Graw, H. Kolster, D. De Schepper, K. Königsmann, V. Baturin, G. Rakness, G. Elbakian, W. Brückner, S. Bernreuther, K. Hafidi, R. J. Holt, F. Masoli, J. Visser, T. A. Shibata, R.O. Avakian, A. Nagaitsev, Michel Vetterli, N. Akopov, E. Devitsin, R. P. Redwine, M. Düren, R. Mussa, V. Rappoport, S. Tessarin, Ross Milner, C. A. Miller, J. Ely, Adel Terkulov, Andrey V. Izotov, H. Avakian, Othmane Bouhali, Y. Gärber, Valeria Muccifora, E. Thomas, G. Schnell, J. Kanesaka, Martin Raithel, E. C. Aschenauer, V. Shutov, B. Bains, I. Sanjiev, Naomi C R Makins, O.V. Teryaev, F. Menden, S. Yen, Ralf Kaiser, E. Steffens, G. Gavrilov, A. Fechtchenko, P. Kitching, Ralf Hertenberger, (Astro)-Particles Physics, and Photo Conversion Materials

Subjects
Quark, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Particle physics, transverse [polarization], media_common.quotation_subject, FRAGMENTATION FUNCTIONS, FOS: Physical sciences, ODD PARTON DISTRIBUTIONS, HERMES, NUCLEONS, transverse momentum dependence, Asymmetry, fragmentation function, energy dependence, x-dependence, High Energy Physics - Experiment, Nuclear physics, 27.5 GeV, High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex), Pion, 13.88.+e, ddc:530, deep inelastic scattering [positron p], Nuclear Experiment, QC, media_common, Physics, 13.60.-r, longitudinal [polarization], electroproduction [pi0], Scattering, QUARK, polarization [quark], Deep inelastic scattering, Polarization (waves), Transverse plane, DESY HERA Stor, 13.87.Fh, 14.20.Dh, analyzing power, polarized target [p], High Energy Physics::Experiment, asymmetry [spin], Lepton, experimental results
Abstract

A single-spin asymmetry in the azimuthal distribution of neutral pions relative to the lepton scattering plane has been measured for the first time in deep-inelastic scattering of positrons off longitudinally polarized protons. The analysing power in the sin(phi) moment of the cross section is 0.019 +/- 0.007(stat.) +/- 0.003(syst.). This result is compared to single-spin asymmetries for charged pion production measured in the same kinematic range. The pi^0 asymmetry is of the same size as the pi^+ asymmetry and shows a similar dependence on the relevant kinematic variables. The asymmetry is described by a phenomenological calculation based on a fragmentation function that represents sensitivity to the transverse polarization of the struck quark., Comment: 4 pages, 1 figure, replaced to correct eprint author field, 2nd replacement to correct figure; upper limit of model predictions are corrected. No correction to data or conclusions

Published
2001

32. Single-spin azimuthal asymmetry in exclusive electroproduction of pi^+ mesons

Author

A. Airapetian, N. Akopov, Z. Akopov, M. Amarian, E.C. Aschenauer, H. Avakian, R. Avakian, A. Avetissian, E. Avetissian, P. Bailey, V. Baturin, C. Baumgarten, M. Beckmann, S. Belostotski, S. Bernreuther, N. Bianchi, H. Böttcher, A. Borissov, O. Bouhali, M. Bouwhuis, J. Brack, S. Brauksiepe, A. Brüll, I. Brunn, H.J. Bulten, G.P. Capitani, P. Chumney, E. Cisbani, G. Ciullo, G.R. Court, P.F. Dalpiaz, R. De Leo, L. De Nardo, E. De Sanctis, D. De Schepper, E. Devitsin, P.K.A. de Witt Huberts, P. Di Nezza, M. Düren, M. Ehrenfried, G. Elbakian, F. Ellinghaus, J. Ely, R. Fabbri, A. Fantoni, A. Fechtchenko, L. Felawka, B.W. Filippone, H. Fischer, B. Fox, J. Franz, S. Frullani, Y. Gärber, F. Garibaldi, E. Garutti, G. Gavrilov, V. Gharibyan, G. Graw, O. Grebeniouk, P.W. Green, L.G. Greeniaus, A. Gute, W. Haeberli, K. Hafidi, M. Hartig, D. Hasch, D. Heesbeen, F.H. Heinsius, M. Henoch, R. Hertenberger, W.H.A. Hesselink, G. Hofman, Y. Holler, R.J. Holt, B. Hommez, G. Iarygin, A. Izotov, H.E. Jackson, A. Jgoun, P. Jung, R. Kaiser, A. Kisselev, P. Kitching, K. Königsmann, H. Kolster, V. Korotkov, E. Kotik, V. Kozlov, B. Krauss, V.G. Krivokhijine, G. Kyle, L. Lagamba, A. Laziev, P. Lenisa, P. Liebing, T. Lindemann, W. Lorenzon, A. Maas, N.C.R. Makins, H. Marukyan, F. Masoli, K. McIlhany, F. Meissner, F. Menden, V. Mexner, N. Meyners, O. Mikloukho, R. Milner, V. Muccifora, A. Nagaitsev, E. Nappi, Y. Naryshkin, A. Nass, K. Negodaeva, W.-D. Nowak, K. Oganessyan, T.G. O'Neill, B.R. Owen, S.F. Pate, S. Podiatchev, S. Potashov, D.H. Potterveld, M. Raithel, G. Rakness, V. Rappoport, R. Redwine, D. Reggiani, P. Reimer, A.R. Reolon, K. Rith, D. Robinson, A. Rostomyan, D. Ryckbosch, Y. Sakemi, I. Sanjiev, F. Sato, I. Savin, C. Scarlett, A. Schäfer, C. Schill, F. Schmidt, G. Schnell, K.P. Schüler, A. Schwind, J. Seibert, B. Seitz, T.-A. Shibata, V. Shutov, M.C. Simani, A. Simon, K. Sinram, E. Steffens, J.J.M. Steijger, J. Stewart, U. Stösslein, K. Suetsugu, S. Taroian, A. Terkulov, S. Tessarin, E. Thomas, B. Tipton, M. Tytgat, G.M. Urciuoli, J.F.J. van den Brand, G. van der Steenhoven, R. van de Vyver, M.C. Vetterli, V. Vikhrov, M.G. Vincter, J. Visser, J. Volmer, C. Weiskopf, J. Wendland, J. Wilbert, T. Wise, S. Yen, S. Yoneyama, H. Zohrabian, (Astro)-Particles Physics, and Photo Conversion Materials

Subjects
Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Particle physics, Meson, media_common.quotation_subject, Virtual particle, FOS: Physical sciences, 01 natural sciences, Asymmetry, NO, High Energy Physics - Experiment, High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex), Positron, 13.88.+e, 0103 physical sciences, 13.60.-r, 13.60.Le, 13.85.Fb, 010306 general physics, Nuclear Experiment, media_common, Physics, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Scattering, LEADING ORDER, Polarization (waves), Physics and Astronomy, Condensed Matter::Strongly Correlated Electrons, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Nucleon, Lepton
Abstract

A single-spin asymmetry in the distribution of exclusively produced pi^+ mesons azimuthally around the virtual photon direction relative to the lepton scattering plane has been measured for the first time in deep-inelastic scattering of positrons off longitudinally polarized protons. Integrated over the experimental acceptance, the sin \phi moment of the polarization asymmetry of the cross section is measured to be -0.18 +/- 0.05 (stat.) +/- 0.02 (syst.). The asymmetry is also studied as a function of the relevant kinematic variables, and its magnitude is found to grow with decreasing x and increasing -t and vanish at t -> t_min (where x is the Bjorken scaling variable and t is the squared four-momentum transferred to the nucleon)., Comment: PLB accepted version, 6 pages, 4 figures, LaTex (revtex4), corrected typo

Published
2001
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33. Measurement of the Beam-Spin Azimuthal Asymmetry associated with Deep Virtual Compton Scattering

Author

J. Wilbert, D. De Schepper, S. Potashov, H. Zohrabian, W.-D. Nowak, G. S. Kyle, J. Stewart, I. Brunn, A. Kisselev, H. Fischer, L. Felawka, G. Graw, V. A. Korotkov, P. Lenisa, J. Seibert, H. Kolster, K. McIlhany, I.A. Savin, K. Königsmann, V. Baturin, B. D. Fox, W. Haeberli, B. Seitz, Yasuhiro Sakemi, E. Thomas, G. Schnell, H. J. Bulten, G. Ciullo, K. Sinram, P. Di Nezza, L. De Nardo, G. M. Urciuoli, B. W. Filippone, D. Reggiani, G.R. Court, Andreas Schäfer, Christian Schill, G. Elbakian, W. Brückner, B. Hommez, S. Bernreuther, H. Avakian, Othmane Bouhali, K. Negodaeva, M. McAndrew, M. Amarian, G. P. Capitani, P. Liebing, S. Brauksiepe, R. Van de Vyver, R. J. Holt, Michael Tytgat, F. Masoli, J. Visser, Klaus Rith, D. Heesbeen, M. Ruh, N. Meyners, V. Gharibyan, P. Chumney, E. Kotik, Evaristo Cisbani, S. Taroian, U. Stosslein, Salvatore Frullani, A. Rostomyan, R. Fabbri, T. A. Shibata, L. Lagamba, M. Hartig, A. R. Reolon, R.O. Avakian, Z. Akopov, P. F. Dalpiaz, G. van der Steenhoven, A. Avetissian, A. Golendukhin, T. Lindemann, Andrey V. Izotov, A. Airapetian, G. Iarygin, O. Grebeniouk, E. Devitsin, Axel Maas, A. Borissov, J. Wendland, A. Brüll, M. Bouwhuis, Dirk Ryckbosch, B. Tipton, H. Böttcher, D. H. Potterveld, S. F. Pate, H. Marukyan, F. Meissner, Jeffrey Brack, E. De Sanctis, Franco Garibaldi, G. Hofman, C. A. Miller, R. P. Redwine, J. van Hunen, Martin Raithel, Ralf Hertenberger, J. Franz, K. Oganessyan, L. G. Greeniaus, C. Weiskopf, J. Ely, Thomas O'Neill, K. Hafidi, Eugenio Nappi, A. Schwind, V. Vikhrov, V. Rappoport, J. Kanesaka, Manuella Vincter, W.H.A. Hesselink, Ross Milner, K. P. Schüler, F. Sato, E. C. Aschenauer, D. Hasch, V. Shutov, J. J. M. Steijger, G. Rakness, T. Wise, A. Laziev, Y. Holler, V. A. Kozlov, S. Yoneyama, N. Koch, F. Schmidt, A. Nagaitsev, Wolfgang Lorenzon, Michel Vetterli, M. Beckmann, J. F. J. van den Brand, B. Bains, M. C. Simani, Erika Garutti, N. Akopov, P.K.A. de Witt Huberts, Valeria Muccifora, A. Gute, Alessandra Fantoni, I. Sanjiev, E. Avetissian, Nicola Bianchi, O. Mikloukho, A. Nass, Peter Jung, M. Düren, R. Mussa, Naomi C R Makins, S. Tessarin, M. Ehrenfried, R. De Leo, F. Menden, Adel Terkulov, S. Yen, Ralf Kaiser, Y. Gärber, E. Steffens, G. Gavrilov, A. Simon, B. R. Owen, A. Fechtchenko, A. Jgoun, M. Henoch, K. Suetsugu, Hiroaki Kobayashi, P. Bailey, P.W. Green, H. E. Jackson, V. G. Krivokhijine, C. Baumgarten, P. Kitching, D. Robinson, B. Krauss, C. Scarlett, F.H. Heinsius, Frank Ellinghaus, E. R. Kinney, Y. Naryshkin, S. Belostotski, (Astro)-Particles Physics, and Photo Conversion Materials

Subjects
HERMES experiment, Particle physics, Photon, media_common.quotation_subject, interference, General Physics and Astronomy, HERMES, dependence [helicity], Asymmetry, High Energy Physics - Experiment, 24.85.+p, Nuclear physics, 13.60.Fz, ddc:550, deep inelastic scattering [positron p], 26.7 GeV, Nuclear Experiment, NUCLEON, media_common, Physics, longitudinal [polarization], Scattering, ELECTROPRODUCTION, 14.20.Dh, Compton scattering, DESY, HERA, Bethe-Heitler [approximation], DESY HERA Stor, asymmetry [angular distribution], off-shell [Compton scattering], analyzing power, Physics::Accelerator Physics, High Energy Physics::Experiment, polarized beam [positron], electroproduction [photon], Beam (structure), experimental results
Abstract

The beam-spin asymmetry in hard electroproduction of photons has been measured for the first time. The data have been accumulated by the HERMES experiment at DESY using the HERA 27.6 GeV longitudinally polarized positron beam and an unpolarized hydrogen gas target. The asymmetry in the azimuthal distribution of the produced photons in the angle phi relative to the lepton scattering plane was determined with respect to the helicity state of the incoming positron beam. The beam-spin analyzing power in the sin(phi) moment was measured to be -0.23 +/- 0.04(stat) +/- 0.03(syst) in the missing-mass range below 1.7 GeV. The observed asymmetry is attributed to the interference of the Bethe-Heitler and deeply-virtual Compton scattering processes., Comment: 6 pages, 5 figures, revised experimental description

Published
2001

34. The Q2 dependence of the generalized Gerasimov-Drell-Hearn integral for the proton

Author

A. Airapetian, N. Akopov, I. Akushevich, M. Amarian, J. Arrington, E.C. Aschenauer, H. Avakian, R. Avakian, A. Avetissian, E. Avetissian, P. Bailey, B. Bains, C. Baumgarten, M. Beckmann, S. Belostotski, S. Bernreuther, N. Bianchi, H. Böttcher, A. Borissov, M. Bouwhuis, J. Brack, S. Brauksiepe, B. Braun, W. Brückner, A. Brüll, P. Budz, H.J. Bulten, G.P. Capitani, P. Carter, P. Chumney, E. Cisbani, G.R. Court, P.F. Dalpiaz, R. De Leo, L. De Nardo, E. De Sanctis, D. De Schepper, E. Devitsin, P.K.A. de Witt Huberts, P. Di Nezza, V. Djordjadze, M. Düren, A. Dvoredsky, G. Elbakian, J. Ely, A. Fantoni, A. Fechtchenko, M. Ferro-Luzzi, K. Fiedler, B.W. Filippone, H. Fischer, B. Fox, J. Franz, S. Frullani, Y. Gärber, F. Garibaldi, E. Garutti, G. Gavrilov, V. Gharibyan, A. Golendukhin, G. Graw, O. Grebeniouk, P.W. Green, L.G. Greeniaus, A. Gute, W. Haeberli, M. Hartig, D. Hasch, D. Heesbeen, F.H. Heinsius, M. Henoch, R. Hertenberger, W. Hesselink, P. Hoffmann-Rothe, G. Hofman, Y. Holler, R.J. Holt, B. Hommez, G. Iarygin, M. Iodice, A. Izotov, H.E. Jackson, A. Jgoun, P. Jung, R. Kaiser, J. Kanesaka, E. Kinney, A. Kisselev, P. Kitching, H. Kobayashi, N. Koch, K. Königsmann, H. Kolster, V. Korotkov, E. Kotik, V. Kozlov, V.G. Krivokhijine, G. Kyle, L. Lagamba, A. Laziev, P. Lenisa, T. Lindemann, W. Lorenzon, N.C.R. Makins, J.W. Martin, H. Marukyan, F. Masoli, M. McAndrew, K. McIlhany, R.D. McKeown, F. Menden, A. Metz, N. Meyners, O. Mikloukho, C.A. Miller, R. Milner, V. Mitsyn, V. Muccifora, R. Mussa, A. Nagaitsev, E. Nappi, Y. Naryshkin, A. Nass, K. Negodaeva, W.-D. Nowak, T.G. O'Neill, R. Openshaw, J. Ouyang, B.R. Owen, S.F. Pate, S. Potashov, D.H. Potterveld, G. Rakness, V. Rappoport, R. Redwine, D. Reggiani, A.R. Reolon, R. Ristinen, K. Rith, D. Robinson, M. Ruh, D. Ryckbosch, Y. Sakemi, I. Savin, C. Scarlett, A. Schäfer, C. Schill, F. Schmidt, G. Schnell, K.P. Schüler, A. Schwind, J. Seibert, B. Seitz, T.-A. Shibata, T. Shin, V. Shutov, C. Simani, A. Simon, K. Sinram, E. Steffens, J.J.M. Steijger, J. Stewart, U. Stösslein, K. Suetsugu, M. Sutter, H. Tallini, S. Taroian, A. Terkulov, S. Tessarin, E. Thomas, B. Tipton, M. Tytgat, G.M. Urciuoli, J.F.J. van den Brand, G. van der Steenhoven, R. van de Vyver, J.J. van Hunen, M.C. Vetterli, V. Vikhrov, M.G. Vincter, J. Visser, E. Volk, C. Weiskopf, J. Wendland, J. Wilbert, T. Wise, S. Yen, S. Yoneyama, H. Zohrabian, (Astro)-Particles Physics, and Photo Conversion Materials

Subjects
Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Particle physics, Range (particle radiation), Proton, Nuclear Theory, FOS: Physical sciences, Virtual particle, Square (algebra), High Energy Physics - Experiment, High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex), Quantum electrodynamics, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Twist, Nuclear Experiment, Sign (mathematics)
Abstract

The dependence on Q^2 (the negative square of the 4-momentum of the exchanged virtual photon) of the generalised Gerasimov-Drell-Hearn integral for the proton has been measured in the range 1.2 GeV^2 < Q^2 < 12 GeV^2 by scattering longitudinally polarised positrons on a longitudinally polarised hydrogen gas target. The contributions of the nucleon-resonance and deep-inelastic regions to this integral have been evaluated separately. The latter has been found to dominate for Q^2 > 3 GeV^2, while both contributions are important at low Q^2. The total integral shows no significant deviation from a 1/Q^2 behaviour in the measured Q^2 range, and thus no sign of large effects due to either nucleon-resonance excitations or non-leading twist., 9 pages, 3 figures, 1 table

Published
2000

36. Een nieuwe planeet, een antwoord aan de heer Homburg

Author

T. Lindemann and T. Lindemann

Abstract

The author describes the physical circums tanc es on "Planet Homburg" situated in space at the position of the Earth, but its polar axis making an angle of 45° with Ecliptica Pole in stead of 23,5° as is the case with the Earth. Due to this more inclined pos ition of "Planet Homburg" astronomically related processes (like precession and tidal movements) take another course, resulting in other physical conditions on "Planet Homburg" than on Earth. Some of the most striking conclusions with regard to the subsequent physical conditions are the following. A climatic zoning will be absent. The polar regions are characterized by hot (even tropical) summers and severe cold winters, polar ice being present only during the winterperiod. Around the equator a zone of a moderate climate is found, without tropical rainforests. Tidal movements show other cycli than we are familiar with. The absence of permanent ice caps will cause a sealevel rise of some 40 to 60 metres. Moreover, absence of large ice covered areas hampers the origin of an ocean current system (see figure 6) which rules our climate today a.o. in northwestern Europe. Consequently, the meteorological systems as well will strongly differ from the Earth' ones: there is no depression forming zone near Iceland; the weather systems depend on differences in temperature of the air. The average temperature on "Planet Homburg" is expected to be some 6°C lower than on Earth as result of a more unfavourable radiation balance.

Published
1994

37. Age discrimination in employment law

Author

Barbara T. Lindemann and David D. Kadue

Subjects
Age Discrimination in Employment Law (Book) -- Book reviews, Books -- Book reviews, Library and information science, Publishing industry
Published
2004

41. Voltage-Controlled Synthesis of Higher Harmonics in Hybrid Josephson Junction Circuits.

Author

Banszerus L, Marshall W, Andersson CW, Lindemann T, Manfra MJ, Marcus CM, and Vaitiekėnas S

Abstract

We report measurements of the current-phase relation of two voltage-controlled semiconductor-superconductor hybrid Josephson junctions (JJs) in series. The two hybrid junctions behave similar to a single-mode JJ with effective transparency determined by the ratio of Josephson coupling strengths of the two junctions. Gate-voltage control of Josephson coupling (measured from switching currents) allows tuning of the harmonic content from sinusoidal, for asymmetric tuning, to highly nonsinusoidal, for symmetric tuning. The experimentally observed tunable harmonic content agrees with a model based on two conventional (sinusoidal) JJs in series.

Published
2024
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42. Link between supercurrent diode and anomalous Josephson effect revealed by gate-controlled interferometry.

Author

Reinhardt S, Ascherl T, Costa A, Berger J, Gronin S, Gardner GC, Lindemann T, Manfra MJ, Fabian J, Kochan D, Strunk C, and Paradiso N

Abstract

In Josephson diodes the asymmetry between positive and negative current branch of the current-phase relation leads to a polarity-dependent critical current and Josephson inductance. The supercurrent nonreciprocity can be described as a consequence of the anomalous Josephson effect -a φ 0 -shift of the current-phase relation- in multichannel ballistic junctions with strong spin-orbit interaction. In this work, we simultaneously investigate φ 0 -shift and supercurrent diode efficiency on the same Josephson junction by means of a superconducting quantum interferometer. By electrostatic gating, we reveal a direct link between φ 0 -shift and diode effect. Our findings show that spin-orbit interaction in combination with a Zeeman field plays an important role in determining the magnetochiral anisotropy and the supercurrent diode effect., (© 2024. The Author(s).)

Published
2024
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43. Phase engineering of anomalous Josephson effect derived from Andreev molecules.

Author

Matsuo S, Imoto T, Yokoyama T, Sato Y, Lindemann T, Gronin S, Gardner GC, Manfra MJ, and Tarucha S

Abstract

A Josephson junction (JJ) is a key device for developing superconducting circuits, wherein a supercurrent in the JJ is controlled by the phase difference between the two superconducting electrodes. When two JJs sharing one superconducting electrode are coherently coupled and form the Andreev molecules, a supercurrent of one JJ is expected to be nonlocally controlled by the phase difference of another JJ. Here, we evaluate the supercurrent in one of the coupled two JJs as a function of local and nonlocal phase differences. Consequently, the results exhibit that the nonlocal phase control generates a finite supercurrent even when the local phase difference is zero. In addition, an offset of the local phase difference giving the JJ ground state depends on the nonlocal phase difference. These features demonstrate the anomalous Josephson effect realized by the nonlocal phase control. Our results provide a useful concept for engineering superconducting devices such as phase batteries and dissipationless rectifiers.

Published
2023
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44. Phase-dependent Andreev molecules and superconducting gap closing in coherently-coupled Josephson junctions.

Author

Matsuo S, Imoto T, Yokoyama T, Sato Y, Lindemann T, Gronin S, Gardner GC, Nakosai S, Tanaka Y, Manfra MJ, and Tarucha S

Abstract

The Josephson junction (JJ) is an essential element of superconducting (SC) devices for both fundamental and applied physics. The short-range coherent coupling of two adjacent JJs forms Andreev molecule states (AMSs), which provide a new ingredient to engineer exotic SC phenomena such as topological SC states and Andreev qubits. Here we provide tunneling spectroscopy measurements on a device consisting of two electrically controllable planar JJs sharing a single SC electrode. We discover that Andreev spectra in the coupled JJ are highly modulated from those in the single JJs and possess phase-dependent AMS features reproduced in our numerical calculation. Notably, the SC gap closing due to the AMS formation is experimentally observed. Our results help in understanding SC transport derived from the AMS and promoting the use of AMS physics to engineer topological SC states and quantum information devices., (© 2023. The Author(s).)

Published
2023
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45. Sign reversal of the Josephson inductance magnetochiral anisotropy and 0-π-like transitions in supercurrent diodes.

Author

Costa A, Baumgartner C, Reinhardt S, Berger J, Gronin S, Gardner GC, Lindemann T, Manfra MJ, Fabian J, Kochan D, Paradiso N, and Strunk C

Abstract

The recent discovery of the intrinsic supercurrent diode effect, and its prompt observation in a rich variety of systems, has shown that non-reciprocal supercurrents naturally emerge when both space-inversion and time-inversion symmetries are broken. In Josephson junctions, non-reciprocal supercurrent can be conveniently described in terms of spin-split Andreev states. Here we demonstrate a sign reversal of the Josephson inductance magnetochiral anisotropy, a manifestation of the supercurrent diode effect. The asymmetry of the Josephson inductance as a function of the supercurrent allows us to probe the current-phase relation near equilibrium, and to probe jumps in the junction ground state. Using a minimal theoretical model, we can then link the sign reversal of the inductance magnetochiral anisotropy to the so-called 0-π-like transition, a predicted but still elusive feature of multichannel junctions. Our results demonstrate the potential of inductance measurements as sensitive probes of the fundamental properties of unconventional Josephson junctions., (© 2023. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Limited.)

Published
2023
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46. Contours of a research ethics and integrity perspective on open science.

Author

Lindemann T and Häberlein L

Abstract

This article argues that adopting a research ethics and integrity perspective could support researchers in operationalizing the open science guiding principle "as open as possible, as closed as necessary" in a responsible and context-sensitive manner. To that end, the article points out why the guiding principle as such provides only a limited extent of action-guidance and outlines the practical value of ethical reflection when it comes to translating open science into responsible research practice. The article illustrates how research ethics and integrity considerations may help researchers understand the ethical rationale underpinning open science as well as recognize that limiting openness is necessary or at least normatively permissible in some situations. Finally, the article briefly discusses possible consequences of integrating open science into a responsibility-centered framework and implications on research assessment., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2023 Lindemann and Häberlein.)

Published
2023
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47. A Taxonomy for Research Intergrity Training: Design, Conduct, and Improvements in Research Integrity Courses.

Author

van den Hoven M, Lindemann T, Zollitsch L, and Prieß-Buchheit J

Subjects
Learning, Curriculum
Abstract

Trainers often use information from previous learning sessions to design or redesign a course. Although universities conducted numerous research integrity training in the past decades, information on what works and what does not work in research integrity training are still scattered. The latest meta-reviews offer trainers some information about effective teaching and learning activities. Yet they lack information to determine which activities are plausible for specific target groups and learning outcomes and thus do not support course design decisions in the best possible manner. This article wants to change this status quo and outlines an easy-to-use taxonomy for research integrity training based on Kirkpatrick's four levels of evaluation to foster mutual exchange and improve research integrity course design. By describing the taxonomy for research integrity training (TRIT) in detail and outlining three European projects, their intended training effects before the project started, their learning outcomes, teaching and learning activities, and their assessment instruments, this article introduces a unified approach. This article gives practitioners references to identify didactical interrelations and impacts and (knowledge) gaps in how to (re-)design an RI course. The suggested taxonomy is easy to use and enables an increase in tailored and evidence-based (re-)designs of research integrity training., (© 2023. The Author(s).)

Published
2023
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48. B-cell receptor physical properties affect relative IgG1 and IgE responses in mouse egg allergy.

Author

Udoye CC, Rau CN, Freye SM, Almeida LN, Vera-Cruz S, Othmer K, Korkmaz RÜ, Clauder AK, Lindemann T, Niebuhr M, Ott F, Kalies K, Recke A, Busch H, Fähnrich A, Finkelman FD, and Manz RA

Subjects
Mice, Animals, Immunoglobulin G metabolism, Immunoglobulin E metabolism, Receptors, Antigen, B-Cell genetics, B-Lymphocytes, Allergens, Egg Hypersensitivity metabolism
Abstract

Mutated and unmutated IgE and IgG play different and partly opposing roles in allergy development, but the mechanisms controlling their relative production are incompletely understood. Here, we analyzed the IgE-response in murine food allergy. Deep sequencing of the complementary-determining region (CDR) repertoires indicated that an ongoing unmutated extrafollicular IgE response coexists with a germinal center response, even after long-lasting allergen challenges. Despite overall IgG1-dominance, a significant proportion of clonotypes contained several-fold more IgE than IgG1. Clonotypes with differential bias to either IgE or IgG1 showed distinct hypermutation and clonal expansion. Hypermutation rates were associated with different physiochemical binding properties of individual B-cell receptors (BCR). Increasing BCR signaling strength inhibited class switching from IgG1 to IgE in vitro, preferentially constraining IgE formation. These data indicate that antigen-binding properties of individual BCRs determine differential IgE hypermutation and IgE versus IgG1 production on the level of single B-cell clones., (© 2022. The Author(s).)

Published
2022
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49. Effect of Rashba and Dresselhaus spin-orbit coupling on supercurrent rectification and magnetochiral anisotropy of ballistic Josephson junctions.

Author

Baumgartner C, Fuchs L, Costa A, Picó-Cortés J, Reinhardt S, Gronin S, Gardner GC, Lindemann T, Manfra MJ, Faria Junior PE, Kochan D, Fabian J, Paradiso N, and Strunk C

Abstract

Simultaneous breaking of inversion- and time-reversal symmetry in Josephson junction (JJ) leads to a possible violation of the I ( φ ) = - I (- φ ) equality for the current-phase relation. This is known as anomalous Josephson effect and it produces a phase shift φ 0 in sinusoidal current-phase relations. In ballistic JJs with non-sinusoidal current phase relation the observed phenomenology is much richer, including the supercurrent diode effect and the magnetochiral anisotropy (MCA) of Josephson inductance. In this work, we present measurements of both effects on arrays of JJs defined on epitaxial Al/InAs heterostructures. We show that the orientation of the current with respect to the lattice affects the MCA, possibly as the result of a finite Dresselhaus component. In addition, we show that the two-fold symmetry of the Josephson inductance reflects in the activation energy for phase slips., (Creative Commons Attribution license.)

Published
2022
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50. Supercurrent rectification and magnetochiral effects in symmetric Josephson junctions.

Author

Baumgartner C, Fuchs L, Costa A, Reinhardt S, Gronin S, Gardner GC, Lindemann T, Manfra MJ, Faria Junior PE, Kochan D, Fabian J, Paradiso N, and Strunk C

Abstract

Transport is non-reciprocal when not only the sign, but also the absolute value of the current depends on the polarity of the applied voltage. It requires simultaneously broken inversion and time-reversal symmetries, for example, by an interplay of spin-orbit coupling and magnetic field. Hitherto, observation of nonreciprocity was tied to resistivity, and dissipationless non-reciprocal circuit elements were elusive. Here we engineer fully superconducting non-reciprocal devices based on highly transparent Josephson junctions fabricated on InAs quantum wells. We demonstrate supercurrent rectification far below the transition temperature. By measuring Josephson inductance, we can link the non-reciprocal supercurrent to an asymmetry of the current-phase relation, and directly derive the supercurrent magnetochiral anisotropy coefficient. A semiquantitative model explains well the main features of our experimental data. Non-reciprocal Josephson junctions have the potential to become for superconducting circuits what pn junctions are for traditional electronics, enabling new non-dissipative circuit elements., (© 2021. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Limited.)

Published
2022
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