Author: "T. Lauritzen" - Searchworks@Jio Institute Digital Library Search Results

450 results on '"T. Lauritzen"'

1. 3.3 ASSOCIATIONS BETWEEN PLASMA INCRETIN HORMONE RELEASE AND AORTIC STIFFNESS AND BLOOD PRESSURE IN INDIVIDUALS WITHOUT KNOWN DIABETES: THE ADDITION-PRO STUDY

Author: N. Johansen, K. Færch, S. Torekov, D. Witte, A. Jonnson, O. Pedersen, T. Hansen, T. Lauritzen, A. Sandbæk, J. Holst, D. Vistisen, and M. Jørgensen
Subjects: Specialties of internal medicine, RC581-951, Diseases of the circulatory (Cardiovascular) system, RC666-701
Published: 2014
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2. Atorvastatin lactone/acid ratios are promising biomarkers for statin dependent muscular side effects in patients with coronary heart disease

Author: T Lauritzen, J M Munkhaugen, K P Peersen, O K Kristiansen, E S Sverre, A M A Andersen, E P J Jensen, S B Bergan, E H Husebye, and N T V Vethe
Subjects: Epidemiology, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine
Abstract: Funding Acknowledgements Type of funding sources: Public hospital(s). Main funding source(s): Vestre Viken Hospital Trust. Background In clinical practice, it is challenging and time-consuming to assess whether self-perceived statin associated muscle symptoms (SAMS) are caused by the statin or not, and diagnostic biomarkers are therefore requested [1]. Atorvastatin (ATV) metabolites, especially the lactones, have been associated with statin dependent muscular side effects [2, 3]. Purpose To assess ATV metabolites as potential diagnostic biomarkers for statin dependent muscular side effects in skeletal muscle tissue and correspondingly in blood plasma among patients with coronary heart disease (CHD). Methods In 2020, an open biomarker follow-up study included 26 of 71 CHD patients with self-perceived SAMS who had participated in a randomised double-blinded crossover trial (ATV 40 mg/day and matched placebo) in 2019. Twelve participants reported significantly more symptoms during blinded treatment with ATV than during placebo, whereas the remaining 14 patients reported no differences in muscle symptoms between the treatment periods. In the biomarker study, all participants received open treatment with ATV 40 mg/day for seven weeks followed by no statins for eight weeks. Muscle biopsies were collected from the vastus lateralis of the quadriceps muscle after the ATV treatment period (n=26) and after the no-statin period (n=23). Blood was collected both pre-dose, at the time of biopsy (T0) and one hour after statin intake (T1). ATV and its five major metabolites were measured in muscle homogenate and blood plasma with liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. A subgroup of four patients had histological signs of statin dependent muscle cell damage and three paitent did not tolerate any statins (n=2) or only pravastatin 20mg/day (n=1). These seven patients were categorised as having statin dependent muscular side effects. Mann-Whitney test and ROC-analyses were performed with SPSS. Results The lactone/acid ratios (ATV lactone/acid, 2OH-ATV lactone/acid, 4OH-ATV lactone/acid, sum lactones/sum acids) in muscle were all numerically higher in the seven patients than the rest. A similar pattern was found for plasma ratios at T0 and T1. The 2OH-ATV ratio and the sum ATV ratio in muscle were significantly different (p= 0.008 and p=0.022) between those with and without statin dependent side effects. The areas under the ROC curve (AUC) were 0.84 and 0.82, with sensitivity of 71% and 67%, and specificity of 90% and 94% (Table 1 and Figure 1). In plasma, the sum ATV ratio at T0 and T1 and the ATV lactone/acid ratio at T1 appeared as the best discriminators: with AUCs ranging from 0.74 to 0.83 and sensitivity and specificity estimates at 86% and 74%, respectively. Conclusions ATV lactone/acid ratios, measured in blood plasma one hour after atorvastatin intake, appear as promising biomarkers for statin dependent muscular side effects. Our study provides candidate cut-off values that should be pursued further for the determination of diagnostic sensitivity and specificity.
Published: 2023
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3. Clinical and pharmacological characteristics in plasma and mononuclear blood cells in patients with coronary heart disease and low statin tolerance

Author: T Lauritzen, JM John Munkhaugen, KP Kari Peersen, ES Elise Sverre, OK Oscar Kristiansen, EPJ Elena Prunes Jensen, SB Stein Bergan, EH Einar Husebye, and NTV Nils Tore Vethe
Subjects: Epidemiology, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine
Abstract: Funding Acknowledgements Type of funding sources: Public hospital(s). Main funding source(s): Vestre Viken Hospital Trust Background Statin-associated muscle symptoms (SAMS) cover a broader range of clinical presentations, with normal or mildly elevated creatine kinase (CK) in blood, and is a prevalent challenge in clinical practice. Our understanding of the pathophysiology of SAMS remains largely unknown. Purpose To gain new knowledge on the molecular effects of atorvastatin in plasma and blood cells in patients with coronary heart disease (CHD) and SAMS, and to identify potential diagnostic biomarkers for statin-dependent SAMS. Methods In 2019, 71 consecutively recruited CHD patients with self-perceived SAMS were randomised to 7-weeks double-blinded treatment with atorvastatin 40 mg/day and placebo in a crossover design. The primary outcome was individual mean difference in muscle symptom intensity between treatment periods, measured weekly with a Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) (0= no to 10=maximal symptoms). Twenty patients were categorised as having statin-dependent SAMS and the remaining as non-SAMS. During trial and post-trial follow-up period, a subgroup of statin-dependent SAMS, who did not tolerate statins (N=7) or only rosuvastatin 5mg/day (N=2) was identified. Atorvastatin metabolites in plasma and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) were measured with liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry in blood drawn two hours after tablet intake at the last day of the atorvastatin treatment period. Statistical analyses were performed with SPSS. Results Clinical and pharmacological characteristics in patients with low statin-tolerance (N=9) and those without (N=62) are summarised in Figure 1. The reduction in LDL cholesterol (LDL-C) from the placebo period to the atorvastatin period was significantly lower in the group with low statin tolerance, despite confirmed adherence to allocated treatment. The ratio between the sum of all atorvastatin- lactones and acids (SumLactones/SumAcids) was significantly higher in the group with low statin tolerance both in plasma and PBMC analyses compared to those who tolerated statins. The atorvastatin lactone and acid ratio (AL/AA) was borderline significant in both plasma and PBMC. ROC-analyses of these four variables are displayed in Figure 2. Areas under the curves (AUCs) are 0.71 for the sumLactones/sumAcids both in plasma and PBMC, and 0.69 for the AL/AS in plasma and PBMC. There were no significant differences between the groups regarding age, gender or known pharmacogenetic variants (CYP3A and SLCO1B1) or in the differences in creatine kinase (CK) level between the atorvastatin and placebo treatment periods. Conclusions The ratio between atorvastatin lactones and acids in plasma and in mononuclear blood cells is associated with low statin tolerance in patients with CHD. Excess lactone relative to acid metabolites may be involved in the pathophysiology of SAMS. Future studies in muscle tissue may further elucidate the relationship between SAMS and atorvastatin metabolites and other biomarkers in these patients.
Published: 2022
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4. Circadian variation in the pharmacokinetics of steady state continuous subcutaneous infusion of growth hormone in adult growth hormone deficient patients

Author: T. Lauritzen, Torben Laursen, Tina Parkner, Jurgita Janukonyte, and Jørgen S. Christiansen
Subjects: Adult, Male, medicine.medical_specialty, CLEARANCE, Evening, Supine position, DAILY INJECTIONS, Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Infusions, Subcutaneous, Endocrinology, Pharmacokinetics, Internal medicine, Humans, Medicine, Distribution (pharmacology), Tissue Distribution, Circadian rhythm, Growth Disorders, INDEX, Aged, Morning, Immunoassay, Cross-Over Studies, GH BINDING-PROTEIN, Human Growth Hormone, HALF-LIFE, business.industry, TREATMENT PROFILE, Diurnal temperature variation, MEN, Middle Aged, Prognosis, WELL, Circadian Rhythm, Growth hormone deficient, Bioavailability, Diurnal variation, Continuous subcutaneous infusion, Area Under Curve, OBESITY, Exogenous growth hormone, BIOELECTRICAL-IMPEDANCE, Female, business, Follow-Up Studies
Abstract: Background: Previous studies in growth hormone (GH)-deficient (GHD) patients have indicated a possible diurnal variation in the pharmacokinetics (PK) of GH after subcutaneous (Sc) GH administration. Thus, higher GH levels were observed during the night with continuous sc infusion, and increased GH bioavailability was reported following daily sc injections in the evening compared to morning.Objective: The aim was to study whether diurnal variability in the PK of sc administered exogenous GH can be reproduced under standard conditions for all study participants, e.g. supine rest.Design and methods: Eight male GHD patients (59.8 +/- 8 years, body mass index 29.7 +/- 4.9 kg/m(2)) received a continuous sc infusion of GH (3 mg/24 h) for 60 h on two different occasions. Diurnal variation in PK of GH was studied during steady state in the last 24 h of the infusion period.Results: Median GH levels were higher at night time (23:00 h-07:00 h) than during the day (10:00 h-18:00 h) for visit 115.1 (4.5-72 ng/ml/0.5 h) vs. 4.6 (3.7-5.7 ng/ml/0.5 h); p Conclusions: Previous findings of higher nocturnal GH levels were confirmed during steady state continuous sc GH infusion under standard conditions. The underlying mechanisms, e.g. whether GH absorption, distribution or elimination is primarily affected need to be further elucidated. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Published: 2013
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5. Patient and provider perceptions of care for diabetes: results of the cross-national DAWN Study

Author: Soren E. Skovlund, David R. Matthews, Richard R. Rubin, T. Lauritzen, Frank J. Snoek, Mark Peyrot, Rüdiger Landgraf, Academic Medical Center, Medical psychology, APH - Health Behaviors & Chronic Diseases, and APH - Mental Health
Subjects: Adult, Male, Multivariate analysis, genetic structures, Adolescent, Cross-sectional study, provider perceptions, Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Health Personnel, chronic-care model, Collaborative Care, cross-national, Health Services Accessibility, Interviews as Topic, Patient satisfaction, Provider perceptions, Nursing, prevention, Diabetes mellitus, Outcome Assessment, Health Care, Internal Medicine, medicine, collaborative care, Humans, In patient, Aged, Quality of Health Care, Aged, 80 and over, access to care, business.industry, patient perceptions, Middle Aged, Patient Acceptance of Health Care, medicine.disease, Cross-Sectional Studies, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Patient Satisfaction, Multivariate Analysis, Female, business, psychological phenomena and processes, Cross national
Abstract: Udgivelsesdato: Februar Aims/hypothesisWe assessed country-level and individual-level patterns in patient and provider perceptions of diabetes care.MethodsThe study used a cross-sectional design with face-to-face or telephone interviews of diabetic patients and healthcare providers in 13 countries from Asia, Australia, Europe and North America. Participants were randomly selected adults with type 1 or type 2 diabetes (n=5,104), and randomly selected diabetes-care providers, including primary-care physicians (n=2,070), diabetes specialist physicians (n=635) and nurses (n=1,122). Multivariate analysis was used to examine the relationships between outcomes and both country and respondent characteristics, and the interaction between these two factors.ResultsProviders rated chronic-care systems and remuneration for chronic care as mediocre. Patients reported that ease of access to care was high, but not without financial barriers. Patients reported moderate levels of collaboration among providers, and providers indicated that several specialist disciplines were not readily available to them. Patients reported high levels of collaboration with providers in their own care. Provider endorsement of primary prevention strategies for type 2 diabetes was high. Patients with fewer socio-economic resources and more diabetes complications had lower access (and/or higher barriers) to care and lower quality of patient–provider collaboration. Countries differed significantly for all outcomes, and the relationships between respondent characteristics and outcomes varied by country.Conclusions/interpretationThere is much need for improvement in applying the chronic-care model to the treatment and prevention of diabetes in all of the countries studied. Each country must develop its own priorities for improving diabetes care and comparison with other countries can help identify strengths as well as weaknesses.
Published: 2016
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6. Alma-Ata to Berlin: diabetes prevention and treatment to achieve healthy living

Author: Y. Samoilova, P. Netto, Ashok Kumar Das, C. Espinosa López, Sanjay Kalra, Paul Oh, Mohamed Farghaly, Zhanay Akanov, F. Al Awadi, Xavier Cos, T. Sharmanov, T. Lauritzen, X. Du, G. Medea, and M. Shestakova
Subjects: Civil society, medicine.medical_specialty, Letter, Human Rights, Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Declaration, 030209 endocrinology & metabolism, Health Promotion, Global Health, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Endocrinology, Nursing, Environmental health, Health care, Diabetes Mellitus, Internal Medicine, Global health, Humans, Medicine, 030212 general & internal medicine, Health policy, Primary Health Care, business.industry, Health Policy, Public health, International health, Kazakhstan, Berlin, Infectious disease (medical specialty), Preventive Medicine, business
Abstract: The 1978 Declaration of Alma-Ata [1], issued at the International Conference on Primary Health Care*, held at Alma-Ata, Kazakhstan (former Soviet Union), is a landmark in public health. By stating that health is a fundamental human right, the declaration promoted interest and action in the field of public health, specifically primary health care. While it highlighted maternal child health and infectious disease control, it also clearly addressed chronic illness care, the availability of appropriate pharmaceuticals, and the need for preventive, curative and rehabilitative services. The Declaration of Alma-Ata encouraged coordinated efforts between various sectors, members of the community or civil society and healthcare workers to realize its vision of Health for All. The main features of the Declaration of Alma-Ata are listed in Table 1. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Published: 2017
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7. Adaptive Volumetric Shadow Maps

Author: Aaron Lefohn, Andrew T. Lauritzen, Marco Salvi, and Kiril Vidimce
Subjects: business.industry, Computer science, Shadow, ComputingMethodologies_IMAGEPROCESSINGANDCOMPUTERVISION, Computer vision, Artificial intelligence, business, Shadow mapping, Computer Graphics and Computer-Aided Design, GeneralLiterature_MISCELLANEOUS, ComputingMethodologies_COMPUTERGRAPHICS, Rendering (computer graphics)
Abstract: We introduce adaptive volumetric shadow maps (AVSM), a real-time shadow algorithm that supports high-quality shadowing from dynamic volumetric media such as hair and smoke. The key contribution of AVSM is the introduction of a streaming simplification algorithm that generates an accurate volumetric light attenuation function using a small fixed memory footprint. This compression strategy leads to high performance because the visibility data can remain in on-chip memory during simplification and can be efficiently sampled during rendering. We demonstrate that AVSM compression closely approximates the ground-truth correct solution and performs competitively to existing real-time rendering techniques while providing higher quality volumetric shadows.
Published: 2010
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8. Insulin and glucose profiles during continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion compared with injection of a long-acting insulin in Type 2 diabetes1

Author: Torben Laursen, Esben Thyssen Vestergaard, Jørgen S. Christiansen, T. Lauritzen, J. S. Smedegaard, Tina Parkner, and H. Hartvig
Subjects: Insulin pump, medicine.medical_specialty, business.industry, Insulin glargine, Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Insulin, medicine.medical_treatment, Type 2 diabetes, medicine.disease, Insulin aspart, Subcutaneous injection, Endocrinology, Basal (medicine), Internal medicine, Diabetes mellitus, Internal Medicine, medicine, business, medicine.drug
Abstract: Aims To compare insulin and glucose profiles during basal continuous subcutaneous infusion of a rapid-acting insulin analogue and once daily subcutaneous injection of a long-acting insulin analogue in Type 2 diabetes. Methods Twenty-one patients with Type 2 diabetes treated with oral glucose-lowering agents were randomized in this two-period crossover study to an equivalent 24-h dose of continuous subcutaneous infusion of insulin aspart and subsequently once-daily bedtime subcutaneous injection of insulin glargine, or vice versa, for eight consecutive days. Plasma profiles of insulin and glucose were recorded. Results On the last day of each treatment period, the area under the curve (AUC) for glucose was 10% lower on the continuous subcutaneous infusion regimen compared with the insulin injection regimen (P = 0.002). This was accomplished by a flat exogenous insulin infusion profile compared with a peaking profile with injected insulin (AUC was 74% higher after injection compared with pre-injection levels (P = 0.001)). During the last 6 days in each treatment period, the intra-subject variability of exogenous fasting insulin levels in the mornings was 41% lower during insulin infusion compared with insulin injection (P = 0.012). The corresponding intra-subject variability for fasting glucose only showed a tendency to be lower during infusion as compared to the injection regimen (28%; P = 0.104). Thirteen symptomatic-only or minor hypoglycaemic episodes were recorded during the entire infusion period compared with three episodes during the injection period. Conclusions Basal continuous subcutaneous infusion of a rapid-acting insulin analogue improved plasma insulin (more flat insulin profile with a lower variability) and glucose (lower AUC) profiles compared with once-daily subcutaneous injection of a long-acting insulin analogue in Type 2 diabetes.
Published: 2008
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9. Cost-effectiveness of intensive multifactorial treatment compared with routine care for individuals with screen-detected Type 2 diabetes: analysis of the ADDITION-UK cluster-randomized controlled trial

Author: L, Tao, E C F, Wilson, N J, Wareham, A, Sandbaek, G E H M, Rutten, T, Lauritzen, K, Khunti, M J, Davies, K, Borch-Johnsen, S J, Griffin, and R K, Simmons
Subjects: Male, Time Factors, Cost-Benefit Analysis, Incidence, Research: Health Economics, Health Care Costs, Middle Aged, Combined Modality Therapy, United Kingdom, Cohort Studies, Diabetes Complications, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Patient Education as Topic, Risk Factors, Patient-Centered Care, Cluster Analysis, Humans, Mass Screening, Female, Quality-Adjusted Life Years, health care economics and organizations, Research Articles, Aged
Abstract: Aims To examine the short- and long-term cost-effectiveness of intensive multifactorial treatment compared with routine care among people with screen-detected Type 2 diabetes. Methods Cost–utility analysis in ADDITION-UK, a cluster-randomized controlled trial of early intensive treatment in people with screen-detected diabetes in 69 UK general practices. Unit treatment costs and utility decrement data were taken from published literature. Accumulated costs and quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) were calculated using ADDITION-UK data from 1 to 5 years (short-term analysis, n = 1024); trial data were extrapolated to 30 years using the UKPDS outcomes model (version 1.3) (long-term analysis; n = 999). All costs were transformed to the UK 2009/10 price level. Results Adjusted incremental costs to the NHS were £285, £935, £1190 and £1745 over a 1-, 5-, 10- and 30-year time horizon, respectively (discounted at 3.5%). Adjusted incremental QALYs were 0.0000, – 0.0040, 0.0140 and 0.0465 over the same time horizons. Point estimate incremental cost-effectiveness ratios (ICERs) suggested that the intervention was not cost-effective although the ratio improved over time: the ICER over 10 years was £82 250, falling to £37 500 over 30 years. The ICER fell below £30 000 only when the intervention cost was below £631 per patient: we estimated the cost at £981. Conclusion Given conventional thresholds of cost-effectiveness, the intensive treatment delivered in ADDITION was not cost-effective compared with routine care for individuals with screen-detected diabetes in the UK. The intervention may be cost-effective if it can be delivered at reduced cost.
Published: 2015

10. 3.3 ASSOCIATIONS BETWEEN PLASMA INCRETIN HORMONE RELEASE AND AORTIC STIFFNESS AND BLOOD PRESSURE IN INDIVIDUALS WITHOUT KNOWN DIABETES: THE ADDITION-PRO STUDY

Author: Torben Hansen, Kristine Færch, Nanna B. Johansen, Daniel R. Witte, T. Lauritzen, A. Sandbaek, J. J. Holst, Dorte Vistisen, A. Jonnson, Signe S. Torekov, Marit E. Jørgensen, and Oluf Pedersen
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, business.industry, Specialties of internal medicine, General Medicine, medicine.disease, Blood pressure, Endocrinology, Incretin Hormone, RC581-951, Internal medicine, Diabetes mellitus, RC666-701, Medicine, Diseases of the circulatory (Cardiovascular) system, Aortic stiffness, business
Published: 2014

11. The blood-retinal barrier permeability to fluorescein in juvenile diabetics treated with continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion

Author: Christiansen Js, Hans-Henrik Parving, Bent Krogsaa, T. Lauritzen, and Henrik Lund-Andersen
Subjects: Adult, Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Blood–retinal barrier, Capillary Permeability, chemistry.chemical_compound, Insulin Infusion Systems, Internal medicine, medicine, Humans, Juvenile, Fluorescein, business.industry, Retinal Vessels, Liter, Retinal, General Medicine, Middle Aged, Fluoresceins, Treatment period, Subcutaneous insulin, Ophthalmology, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1, Endocrinology, medicine.anatomical_structure, chemistry, Permeability (electromagnetism), Female, business
Abstract: To determine possible quantitative changes of the blood-retinal barrier permeability in juvenile diabetics treated with continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII), we studied seven patients (three females and four males, mean age 36 years) with a mean duration of the disease of 19 years. The pump treatment was continued for seven to eight days and during the treatment mean blood glucose level decreased to near-normal values (before 13.7 mmol per liter - during 6.2 mmol per liter). There was no changes in retinal appearance during treatment. Determination of the blood-retinal barrier permeability showed no quantitative changes during the one week treatment with CSII (mean permeability before 7.6 10 divided by 7 cm/sec - mean permeability during 7.8 10 divided by 7 cm/sec). In order to quantitate possible long-term reversibility of break-down of the blood-retinal barrier we have design to extend the treatment period.
Published: 2009
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12. A desktop guide to Type 2 diabetes mellitus

Author: T. Lauritzen, Knut Borch-Johnsen, T. Kangas, Hannele Yki-Järvinen, I. Kalo, A. Dawson, L. Uccioli, Robert J. Heine, A. Pruijs Brands, M. Aguilar, M. T. Yilmaz, J. Azzopardi, Werner A. Scherbaum, J. Sieradzki, R. Elphick, D. R. Hadden, A Ericsson, C. Berne, G. Cathelineau, Massimo Massi-Benedetti, A. Mitrakou-Fanariotou, P. V.M. Cromme, A. Serhiyenko, K. G. M. M. Alberti, P. Swift, P. Van Crombrugge, Stephanie A. Amiel, Thomas R. Pieber, Rüdiger Landgraf, Rudy Bilous, W. H.J.M. Wientjens, H. Schatz, and Philip Home
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, Endocrinology, business.industry, Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Internal medicine, Internal Medicine, Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, Medicine, business
Published: 1999
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13. A desktop guide to Type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus

Author: T. Lauritzen, Hadden, L. Uccioli, M. Aguilar, I. Kalo, Rudy Bilous, A. Mitrakou-Fanariotou, M. T. Yilmaz, R.J. Heine, Werner A. Scherbaum, A Pruijs-Brands, Thomas R. Pieber, Van, Crombrugge, P, J. Sieradzki, G. Cathelineau, K. G. M. M. Alberti, Whjm Wientjens, A. Dawson, Philip Home, Rüdiger Landgraf, T. Kangas, P. Swift, R. Elphick, H. Schatz, Stephanie A. Amiel, A. Serhiyenko, Pvm Cromme, Knut Borch-Johnsen, Hannele Yki-Järvinen, J. Azzopardi, A Ericsson, C. Berne, and Massimo Massi-Benedetti
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, Endocrinology, business.industry, Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Internal medicine, Insulin dependent diabetes, Internal Medicine, medicine, business
Published: 1999
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14. Impact of moderate interval exercise versus supine rest on the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamic profiles of subcutaneously administered growth hormone in adult growth hormone deficient patients

Author: J. Janukonytė, Jørgen S. Christiansen, Jan Frystyk, H.S. Pedersen, Torben Laursen, T. Lauritzen, and Tina Parkner
Subjects: Adult, Blood Glucose, Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Supine position, Injections, Subcutaneous, Rest, Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, medicine.medical_treatment, INJECTIONS, Hypopituitarism, Endocrinology, Pharmacokinetics, Internal medicine, Supine Position, medicine, ABSORPTION, Humans, Insulin, Dosing, Exercise, Rest (music), Aged, Human Growth Hormone, business.industry, INFUSION, Blood flow, Middle Aged, Growth hormone secretion, Circadian Rhythm, Diurnal variation, Pharmacodynamics, Exogenous growth hormone, GH DEFICIENCY, business
Abstract: Background: Diurnal variation in serum growth hormone (s-GH) levels after exogenous GH delivery has previously been repotted in patients with no endogenous GH secretion. Changes in postural position or physical activity, leading to changes in blood flow and/or lymphatic drainage may be underlying explanations.Primary objectives: The primary aim of this study is to study a possible impact of exercise and supine rest on pharmacokinetics (PK) and day-to-day variation of subcutaneously (sc) administered GH in adult GH deficient (AGHD) patients.Secondary objective: The secondary aim of this study is to compare s-IGF-I, s-insulin, and plasma (p)-glucose profiles after a carbohydrate rich breakfast following sc GM injection vs. continuous infusion.Design and methods: During supine rest eight AGHD males (59.8 +/- 8 years, BMI 29.7 +/- 4.9 kg/m(2)) were treated with one daily sc GM injections of 3 mg/24 h for 48 h (treatment sessions A, B) or a continuous sc GM infusion of 3 mg/24 h for 60 h (treatment sessions C, D). Exercise comprised 1 h bicycling with 50 W load on two consecutive days during treatment sessions B and D.Results: Administration of GM as a bolus injection, but not as a continuous GH infusion, resulted in about 32% higher s-GM levels during exercise (60 min) as well as 30 min after (s-GH logAUC((B-A)) difference was 0.28; 95% CI: 0.14-.0.4; p Conclusions: Moderate exercise intermittently increased s-GH levels. These changes seem to have no clinical short-term relevance, since total s-GH(24 h) and s-IGF-I-48 h levels were unaffected. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Published: 2014
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15. The pro-inflammatory biomarker soluble urokinase plasminogen activator receptor (suPAR) is associated with incident type 2 diabetes among overweight but not obese individuals with impaired glucose regulation: effect modification by smoking and body weight status

Author: Annelli Sandbæk, Signe S. Rasmussen, Daniel R. Witte, Knut Borch-Johnsen, Jesper Eugen-Olsen, Troels Mygind Jensen, Steen B. Haugaard, T. Lauritzen, and Alexandros Heraclides
Subjects: Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Diabetes risk, Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Type 2 diabetes, Overweight, Body Mass Index, Receptors, Urokinase Plasminogen Activator, Diabetes mellitus, Internal medicine, Internal Medicine, Medicine, Humans, Obesity, BMI Body mass index Impaired glucose regulation Incident type 2 diabetes Smoking Soluble urokinase plasminogen activator receptor Sub-clinical inflammation suPAR POPULATION CANCER UPAR, business.industry, Body Weight, Smoking, medicine.disease, Endocrinology, SuPAR, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Biomarker (medicine), Biological Markers, Female, medicine.symptom, business, Body mass index, Biomarkers
Abstract: AIMS/HYPOTHESIS: Recent evidence links the soluble urokinase plasminogen activator receptor (suPAR), a stable biomarker of systemic immune activation, to several chronic diseases, including type 2 diabetes. suPAR is also associated with adiposity and smoking. We hypothesised that this biomarker would be linked to incident type 2 diabetes in individuals with impaired glucose regulation and that this association would be modified by smoking and body weight status.METHODS: The study included 1,933 participants with impaired glucose regulation, who were drawn from the Danish arm of the Anglo-Danish-Dutch Study of Intensive Treatment in People with Screen-Detected Diabetes in Primary Care (ADDITION) and for whom data on suPAR, BMI and smoking were available. Logistic regression analysis was used to estimate the odds for incident type 2 diabetes per twofold increase in suPAR levels. Interactions between both smoking and body weight status and suPAR were tested.RESULTS: During a 3-year follow-up (599 incident diabetes cases), there was a 48% overall increase in the odds of developing type 2 diabetes per twofold increase in suPAR (p = 0.006). This association was modified by body weight status in overweight, but not in obese individuals (OR 2.36, 95% CI 1.48, 3.76 in overweight group), and by smoking status (OR 2.05, 95% CI 1.20, 3.51 in non-smokers). After adjustment for other diabetes risk factors, the association between suPAR and type 2 diabetes was attenuated in the whole sample and among non-smokers, but remained robust among overweight participants.CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION: suPAR may be a good novel biomarker for systemic sub-clinical inflammation and immune activation linked to incident type 2 diabetes risk in overweight individuals and non-smokers. The observed interactions with adiposity and smoking should be investigated further.
Published: 2013
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16. Does early intensive multifactorial treatment reduce total cardiovascular burden in individuals with screen‐detected diabetes? Findings from the ADDITION‐Europe cluster‐randomized trial

Author: Knut Borch-Johnsen, T. Lauritzen, Kamlesh Khunti, G. E. H. M. Rutten, Nicholas J. Wareham, Michael J. Davies, M. van den Donk, Rebecca K. Simmons, S. J. Sharp, A. Sandbaek, and Simon J. Griffin
Subjects: Adult, Male, Gerontology, medicine.medical_specialty, Denmark, Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, medicine.medical_treatment, Revascularization, Amputation, Surgical, law.invention, Endocrinology, Randomized controlled trial, Risk Factors, law, Intervention (counseling), Diabetes mellitus, Internal Medicine, medicine, Cluster Analysis, Humans, Mass Screening, Cluster randomised controlled trial, Research Articles, Mass screening, Aged, Netherlands, Glycated Hemoglobin, business.industry, Hazard ratio, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, United Kingdom, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Amputation, Cardiovascular Diseases, Emergency medicine, Female, business, Diabetic Angiopathies
Abstract: Aims To describe the total cardiovascular burden (cardiovascular morbidity or mortality, revascularization or non-traumatic amputation) in individuals with screen-detected diabetes in the ADDITION-Europe trial and to quantify the impact of the intervention on multiple cardiovascular events over 5 years. Methods In a pragmatic, cluster-randomized, parallel-group trial in four centres (Denmark; Cambridge, UK; the Netherlands; and Leicester, UK), 343 general practices were randomized to screening plus routine care (n = 1379 patients), or screening and promotion of target-driven, intensive treatment of multiple risk factors (n = 1678). We estimated the effect of the intervention on multiple cardiovascular events after diagnosis of diabetes using the Wei, Lin and Weissfeld method. Results Over 5.3 years, 167 individuals had exactly one cardiovascular event, 53 exactly two events, and 18 three or more events. The incidence rates (95% CI) of first events and any event per 1000 person-years were 14.6 (12.8-16.6) and 20.4 (18.2-22.6), respectively. There were non-significant reductions in the risk of a first (hazard ratio 0.83, 95% CI 0.65-1.05) and second primary endpoint (hazard ratio 0.70, 95% CI 0.43-1.12). The overall average hazard ratio for any event was 0.77 (95% CI 0.58-1.02). Conclusions Early intensive multifactorial treatment was not associated with a significant reduction in total cardiovascular burden at 5 years. Focusing on first events in cardiovascular disease prevention trials underestimates the total cardiovascular burden to patients and the health service. © 2012 The Authors. Diabetic Medicine © 2012 Diabetes UK.
Published: 2012
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17. Repeated screening for albumin-creatinine ratio in an unselected population

Author: A. Brock, T. Lauritzen, Carl Erik Mogensen, and Jens Sandahl Christiansen
Subjects: Creatinine, Pediatrics, medicine.medical_specialty, education.field_of_study, business.industry, Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Population, Urine, medicine.disease, chemistry.chemical_compound, Endocrinology, chemistry, Diabetes mellitus, Internal Medicine, Medicine, Population study, Microalbuminuria, Risk factor, business, education, Body mass index
Abstract: Albumin-creatinine ration (ACR) has been correlated to increased morbidity and mortality in diabetic as well as in nondiabetic populations. We investigated the albumin-creatinine ratio in 898 randomly selected persons aged 30–50 years, 471 women and 424 men (year 0). ACR was remeasured 1 year later in 811 (90%) of these persons (year 1). This was done in the framework of a prospective, randomized, population-based intervention trial evaluating the effect of health test and health conversations in general practice. The mean age of the study population was 39.8 (range, 30–51) years with a mean body mass index of 24.3 (15.9–44.3) kg/m 2 . The 50th, 95th, and 99th percentiles of ACR were 0.6, 2.0, and 5.0 mg/mmol at year 0 and 0.5, 2.0, and 5.3 mg/mmol at year 1. There was no significant difference between ACR values at year 0 and year 1. ARC values were slightly higher in women than in men, 0.6, (0.2–20.4) mg/mmol versus 0.5 (0.2–16.3) mg/mmol ( p p p 2.5 mg/mmol) were 0.33 expressed by Cohen's kappa. At year 0, 13% of the variation in ACR values in men could be explained by age, exercise test, serum transaminase, serum creatinine, body mass index, and alcohol intake (forward stepwise regression analysis, p p
Published: 1994
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18. Screening for type 2 diabetes. Lessons from the ADDITION-Europe study

Author: M, van den Donk, A, Sandbaek, K, Borch-Johnsen, T, Lauritzen, R K, Simmons, N J, Wareham, S J, Griffin, M J, Davies, K, Khunti, and G E H M, Rutten
Subjects: Adult, Blood Glucose, Glycated Hemoglobin, Male, Denmark, Fasting, Glucose Tolerance Test, Middle Aged, United Kingdom, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Risk Factors, Feasibility Studies, Humans, Mass Screening, Female, Patient Participation, Aged, Netherlands
Abstract: To describe and compare attendance rates and the proportions of people identified with Type 2 diabetes mellitus in people with previously unknown diabetes who participated in screening programmes undertaken in general practice in the UK, Denmark and the Netherlands as part of the ADDITION-Europe study.In Cambridge, routine computer data searches were conducted to identify individuals aged 40-69 years at high risk of Type 2 diabetes using the Cambridge Diabetes Risk Score. In Denmark, the Danish Diabetes Risk Score was mailed to individuals aged 40-69 years, or completed by patients visiting their general practitice. In the Netherlands, the Hoorn Symptom Risk Questionnaire was mailed to individuals aged 50-69 years. In these three centres, high-risk individuals were invited to attend subsequent steps in the screening programme, including random blood glucose, HbA(1c) , fasting blood glucose and/or oral glucose tolerance test. In Leicester, eligible people aged 40-69 years were invited directly for an oral glucose tolerance test. In all centres, Type 2 diabetes was defined according to World Health Organization 1999 diagnostic criteria.Attendance rates ranged from 20.2% (oral glucose tolerance test in Leicester without pre-stratification) to 95.1% (random blood glucose in opportunistic screening in Denmark in high-risk people). The percentage of people with newly detected Type 2 diabetes from the target population ranged from 0.33% (Leicester) to 1.09% (the Netherlands).Screening for Type 2 diabetes was acceptable and feasible, but relatively few participants were diagnosed in all participating centres. Different strategies may be required to increase initial attendance and ensure completion of screening programmes.
Published: 2011

19. Sample distribution shadow maps

Author: Andrew T. Lauritzen, Marco Salvi, and Aaron Lefohn
Subjects: Computer science, business.industry, ComputingMethodologies_IMAGEPROCESSINGANDCOMPUTERVISION, DirectX, Rendering (computer graphics), Shadow algorithms, Sampling distribution, Fully automated, Undersampling, Oversampling, Computer vision, Artificial intelligence, Shadow mapping, business, ComputingMethodologies_COMPUTERGRAPHICS
Abstract: This paper introduces Sample Distribution Shadow Maps (SDSMs), a new algorithm for hard and soft-edged shadows that greatly reduces undersampling, oversampling, and geometric aliasing errors compared to other shadow map techniques. SDSMs fall into the space between scene-dependent, variable-performance shadow algorithms and scene-independent, fixed-performance shadow algorithms. They provide a fully automated solution to shadow map aliasing by optimizing the placement and size of a fixed number of Z-partitions using the distribution of the light space samples required by the current frame. SDSMs build on the advantages of current state of the art techniques, including predictable performance and constant memory usage, while removing tedious and ultimately suboptimal parameter tuning. We compare SDSMs to Parallel-Split Shadow Maps (PSSMs, a state of the art Z-partitioning scheme) and show that SDSMs produce higher quality shadows. Finally, we demonstrate that SDSMs outperform PSSMs in a large 2009 game scene at high resolutions, making them suitable for games and other interactive applications.
Published: 2011
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20. Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of different modes of insulin pump delivery. A randomized, controlled study comparing subcutaneous and intravenous administration of insulin aspart

Author: C A, Ihlo, T, Lauritzen, J, Sturis, O, Skyggebjerg, J S, Christiansen, and T, Laursen
Subjects: Adult, Blood Glucose, Glycated Hemoglobin, Male, Biological Availability, Infusions, Subcutaneous, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1, Insulin Infusion Systems, Humans, Hypoglycemic Agents, Insulin, Female, Infusions, Intravenous, Insulin Aspart
Abstract: To study the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of three different modes of insulin infusion delivered by means of an insulin pump: subcutaneous bolus insulin injection once an hour, continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion and continuous intravenous insulin infusion.In random order, ten patients with Type 1 diabetes mellitus received insulin aspart with subcutaneous bolus insulin injection, continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion and continuous intravenous insulin infusion. The insulin aspart doses were individualized. A non-random, sinus-like variation of serum insulin aspart over time was found with subcutaneous bolus insulin injection compared with continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion and continuous intravenous insulin infusion (P0.0001). Random variation of serum insulin aspart over time was significantly higher with continuous intravenous insulin infusion compared with subcutaneous bolus insulin injection (P=0.023) and continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (P=0.013). Mean serum insulin aspart did not differ significantly between subcutaneous bolus insulin injection, continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion and continuous intravenous insulin infusion (P=0.17). Thus, absolute bioavailability was near 100% for both subcutaneous bolus insulin injection and continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion. Statistically significant differences were seen in mean plasma glucose and mean glucose infusion rate, with the highest mean plasma glucose and the lowest mean glucose infusion rate with continuous intravenous insulin infusion, suggesting a slightly lower bioefficacy of continuous intravenous insulin infusion compared with subcutaneous bolus insulin injection and continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion.Small but statistically significant differences in pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics between subcutaneous bolus insulin injection, continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion and continuous intravenous insulin infusion were observed. However, no major clinically relevant differences were found, suggesting that, for a basal subcutaneous insulin aspart pump therapy, relatively infrequent pump stroke frequency may suffice.
Published: 2011

21. Obesity does not influence the unique pharmacological properties of different biphasic insulin aspart preparations in patients with type 2 diabetes

Author: S. E. Dyrskog, T. Lauritzen, J. W. Chen, Tina Parkner, L. Brondsted, Torben Laursen, Jørgen S. Christiansen, U. Mouritzen, and Kjeld Hermansen
Subjects: Adult, Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Time Factors, Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, medicine.medical_treatment, Type 2 diabetes, Drug Administration Schedule, Body Mass Index, Insulin aspart, Endocrinology, Pharmacokinetics, Double-Blind Method, Diabetes mellitus, Internal medicine, Internal Medicine, Medicine, Humans, Hypoglycemic Agents, Insulin, Insulin Aspart, Aged, Glycated Hemoglobin, Cross-Over Studies, business.industry, Area under the curve, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, Crossover study, Hypoglycemia, Treatment Outcome, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Pharmacodynamics, Female, business, medicine.drug
Abstract: Udgivelsesdato: 2010-May AIM: To investigate the influence of obesity in type 2 diabetic patients upon pharmacological properties of different biphasic preparations of insulin aspart. METHODS: A total of 75 type 2 diabetic patients were stratified according to their body mass index (BMI) into 40 non-obese (BMI 23-28 kg/m(2)) and 35 obese (BMI 30-35 kg/m(2)) subjects. The trial was a double-blinded crossover study. In two periods of 4 weeks each the patients received subcutaneous injections of biphasic insulin aspart 50 (BIAsp 50) or biphasic insulin aspart 70 (BIAsp 70) thrice daily in random order. Insulin doses were titrated individually. At the end of each period 24-h serum profiles of insulin aspart, C-peptide and glucose were recorded. The primary endpoint was the area under the curve of serum glucose concentration during 24 h (AUC(Glu)(0-24 h)). RESULTS: The insulin concentration profiles of BIAsp 50 and 70 were as expected according to the content of protamine-bound insulin aspart (50 and 30% respectively). AUC(Glu(0-24 h)) BIAsp 50/BIAsp 70 ratios were 0.97 (95% CI: 0.90-1.05, p = 0.49) for non-obese and 0.98 (95% CI: 0.92-1.05, p = 0.55) for obese. Fasting serum glucose (FSG) BIAsp 50/BIAsp 70 ratios were 0.90 (95% CI: 0.84-0.96, p = 0.002) for non-obese and 0.90 (95% CI: 0.84-0.97, p = 0.006) for obese. During both treatment regimens the frequency of minor hypoglycaemic episodes was highest for the non-obese group. CONCLUSIONS: The pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic characteristics of the two preparations of biphasic insulin aspart were different; however, they were not influenced by the degree of obesity in type 2 diabetic patients.
Published: 2010
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22. Nickel Ion Bombardment of Types 304 and 316 Stainless Steels: Comparison with Fast-Reactor Swelling Data

Author: WG Johnston, JH Rosolowski, AM Turkalo, and T Lauritzen
Published: 2009
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23. Effect of the Degree of Cold Work on the Irradiation-Induced Swelling of Type 316 Stainless Steel

Author: T Lauritzen and KD Challenger
Subjects: Work (thermodynamics), Materials science, Metallurgy, medicine, Irradiation, Swelling, medicine.symptom, Composite material, Degree (temperature)
Published: 2009
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24. Void Swelling in the Iron-Chromium-Nickel System—A Survey by Nickel Ion Bombardment

Author: W.G. Johnston, T. Lauritzen, J.H. Rosolowski, and A.M. Turkalo
Subjects: Void (astronomy), Materials science, Chromium Alloys, Metallurgy, Titanium alloy, chemistry.chemical_element, Nimonic, Ion, Nickel, chemistry, medicine, Nichrome, Swelling, medicine.symptom
Published: 2009
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25. Swelling Simulation Studies of Type 316 Stainless Steel

Author: WK Appleby, T. Lauritzen, and J.A. Ellis
Subjects: inorganic chemicals, Materials science, Fast neutron irradiation, Silicon, Core component, Metallurgy, technology, industry, and agriculture, chemistry.chemical_element, chemistry, Molybdenum, medicine, Breeder reactor, Nickel ions, Irradiation, Swelling, medicine.symptom
Abstract: The effects of some compositional and processing variations on the irradiation-induced swelling of 20 percent cold-worked Type 316 stainless steel have been investigated. Bombardment by 5-MeV nickel ions was used to simulate the fast neutron irradiation which occurs in breeder reactor core components. Swelling in cold-worked Type 316 was found to be lowered by additions of silicon and molybdenum. Swelling was also reduced by increasing the solution-annealing temperature prior to the final cold-working operation.
Published: 2009
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26. Microstructural Changes in Ion-Irradiated Commercial Alloys

Author: WL Bell, T. Lauritzen, ES Darlin, and RW Warner
Subjects: Superalloy, Liquid metal, Precipitation hardening, Materials science, Metallurgy, Alloy, engineering, Nimonic, Atmospheric temperature range, engineering.material, Inconel, Microstructure
Abstract: The effect of heavy ion bombardment on the microstructural stability of several high-nickel superalloys was evaluated by transmission electron microscopy techniques. The work was intended to simulate the type and magnitude of radiation damage occurring with high-fluence exposure in a liquid metal fast breeder reactor (LMFBR) core. Results revealed a general acceleration in precipitation kinetics in alloys with high titanium-to-aluminum ratios, over the temperature range 475 to 725°C (887 to 1337°F). In the Inconel alloys 706 and 718, for example, bombardment produced the stable overaging precipitate n Ni 3 Ti at the expense of the preexisting phases y', y", and δ. Thermal control data over the same temperature range did not reveal the presence of η. Little or no changes in precipitate microstructure were observed in Nimonic PE16, an age-hardenable alloy with a titanium/aluminum ratio of unity.
Published: 2009
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27. Irradiation Embrittlement in Some Austenitic Superalloys

Author: T. Lauritzen, S. Vaidyanathan, and W. L. Bell
Subjects: Superalloy, Materials science, Precipitation (chemistry), Metallurgy, technology, industry, and agriculture, Grain boundary, Nimonic, Ductility, Inconel, Embrittlement, Intergranular fracture
Abstract: The nature of the irradiation embrittlement phenomenon in selected austenitic superalloys was evaluated in tubular specimens compression tested at elevated temperatures. Materials included the commercial alloys Inconel 706 and Nimonic PE-16 and two experimental alloys. All are precipitation hardenable and were irradiated from 2.8 to 7.1 x 10 2 2 n/cm 2 (E>0.1MeV). The tests revealed marked ductility losses in all alloys, the most severe embrittlement occurring at 110°C above the temperature at which the materials were irradiated. In some instances, zero ductility was recorded. The testing further revealed that short-term post-irradiation heat treatments produced moderate to high levels of ductility recovery without significant losses in strength. Extensive scanning and transmission electron microscopy examinations have indicated that the low ductility behavior is associated with intergranular fracture and the copious precipitation of y' along or adjacent to grain boundaries. Based upon these results it is concluded that the principal cause of embrittlement in these alloys is the precipitation of y' along grain boundaries during irradiation. The segregation of silicon in addition to titanium and aluminum is considered a major factor in the embrittlement mechanism.
Published: 2009
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28. Void Swelling of Ferritic Alloys Bombarded with Nickel Ions

Author: W.G. Johnston, A.M. Turkalo, T. Lauritzen, and J.H. Rosolowski
Subjects: Austenite, Void (astronomy), Materials science, Chromium Alloys, Metallurgy, technology, industry, and agriculture, chemistry.chemical_element, equipment and supplies, Ion, Nickel, Ferritic alloy, chemistry, medicine, Swelling, medicine.symptom, Order of magnitude
Abstract: The dependence of swelling on temperature, dose and composition of simple ferritic alloys bombarded with 5 MeV Ni ions has been investigated. The peak swelling temperature of 550°C (1022°F) is 125°C (257°F) lower than forlow nickel austenitic alloys. The swelling in ferritic alloys is at least an order of magnitude less than in the high swelling, low Ni, austenitic alloys. However, the swelling of simple ferritic alloys at 116 dpa overlaps that in about 40% of the austenitic phase field. The variation of swelling with temperature is due to changes in both void size and void density. The increase in swelling with dose, and the variation with Cr content, are due to the variation in void size. However, the reduction of swelling with Ni addition is due to a reduction in void density, so there is a major qualitative difference in the way Ni and Cr affect the swelling. The voids in ferritic alloys are cube-shaped in contrast to the truncated octahedra in austenitic alloys. The sharp reduction in swelling by Ni indicates that, at high doses, the implanted Ni will lead to errors in the swelling data. It is judged that the semi-quantitative conclusions drawn from the present work are not seriously compromised by the effects of implanted nickel.
Published: 2009
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29. Microstructural Changes in Neutron-Irradiated Commercial Alloys: A Sequel

Author: T. Lauritzen and WL Bell
Subjects: Superalloy, Materials science, Precipitation hardening, Precipitation (chemistry), Metallurgy, Titanium alloy, Nimonic, Irradiation, Inconel, Neutron temperature
Abstract: The effect of reactor irradiation on the microstructural stabilities of several high-nickel-content superalloys was evaluated by transmission electron microscopy. The alloys include Nimonic PE16 and the Inconel alloys 706 and 718. Specimens were irradiated in sealed, unstressed, sodium-filled capsules in the EBR-2. Irradiation temperatures ranged from 399 to 649/sup 0/C (750 to 1200/sup 0/F); specimens accumulated a peak fluence of 6 x 10/sup 22/ n/cm/sup 2/, E > 0.1 MeV. While little or no microstructural changes were observed in Nimonic PE16, the Inconels exhibited overaging precipitation effects - in particular, the formation of the stable overaging precipitate, eta - which increased with temperature in the range studied. Inconel 706 exhibited the more pronounced overaging effects, i.e., larger and coarser eta plates, consistent with its higher Ti/Al ratio. In general, the precipitation features noted in all three alloys were similar to those observed in identical material after ion bombardment with high energy nickel. The ion bombardment work has thus correctly predicted the microstructural response of these alloys to fast neutron irradiation.
Published: 2009
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30. The Complex Action of Major Solutes on Radiation-Induced Swelling of Fe-Cr-Ni Austenitic Alloys

Author: T Lauritzen, MA Mitchell, and Frank A. Garner
Subjects: Austenite, Materials science, Silicon, Chromium Alloys, Metallurgy, Thermodynamics, chemistry.chemical_element, Charged particle, Ion, chemistry, Molybdenum, medicine, Irradiation, Swelling, medicine.symptom
Abstract: The radiation-induced swelling of simple Fe-Cr-Ni austenitic alloys is sensitive to solute additions. It is shown in this paper that three of the most common solute elements (P,Si,Mo) exert a very complex and often non-monotonic influence on swelling with increasing solute level. The complexity of this influence and its dependence on other variables appears to be the result of a closely balanced competition between two or more roles played by each solute in its interaction with both vacancies and interstitials. This competition yields a variety of different swelling behaviors in response to changes in solute or solvent composition, displacement rate, and irradiation temperature.
Published: 2009
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31. Some Observations on the Effect of Stress on Irradiation-Induced Swelling in AISI Type 316 Stainless Steel

Author: S. Vaidyanathan, W.L Bell, J.M. Rosa, and T. Lauritzen
Subjects: Stress (mechanics), Materials science, Stress effects, Transmission electron microscopy, Metallurgy, medicine, Radiation damage, Irradiation, Radiation, Swelling, medicine.symptom
Published: 2008
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32. Spinodal-like Decomposition and Swelling Induced by Ion Irradiation in Simple Fe-Ni and Fe-Ni-Cr Alloys

Author: Frank A. Garner, William G. Johnston, Ji-Joun Kai, T. Lauritzen, and R.A. Dodd
Subjects: Spinodal, Materials science, Metallurgy, Analytical chemistry, chemistry.chemical_element, Decomposition, Nickel, Chromium, chemistry, Phase (matter), Martensite, medicine, Irradiation, Swelling, medicine.symptom
Abstract: A previously published correlation between the compositional dependence of neutron-induced swelling at high temperatures in Fe-Ni-Cr alloys and the development of compositional micro-oscillations has also been found in this study of swelling induced by 5-MeV Ni + ion irradiation. The tendency toward decomposition is strongest in the 35 to 45% nickel range and diminishes in the range of 60 to 75% nickel. Chromium appears to play no role other than as a surrogate for iron. The scale of the micro-oscillation appears to be more sensitive to temperature than displacement rate. One consequence of this decomposition is the occasional formation of precipitate phases upon cooling after irradiation. In Fe-35Ni, cellular martensite is found to form after irradiation at 625, 675, and 725°C. In Fe-60Ni-15Cr irradiated at 625°C an ordered phase that may be Ni 3 (Fe,Cr) is sometimes formed. The fortuitous formation of these phases allows the visualization of the size and spacing of the compositional modulations.
Published: 2008
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33. Irradiation-Induced Swelling in AISI 316 Steel: Effect of Tensile and Compressive Stresses

Author: W. J. S. Yang, T. Lauritzen, S. Vaidyanathan, and W. L. Bell
Subjects: Materials science, Alloy, Bending, engineering.material, Stress (mechanics), Transmission electron microscopy, Ultimate tensile strength, engineering, medicine, Radiation damage, Irradiation, Composite material, Swelling, medicine.symptom
Abstract: Effects of bending stresses on the swelling behavior of 20% cold worked AISI 316 steel were studied in material irradiated to moderately high fluences in EBR-II. Specimens used in this investigation consisted of beams subjected to four-point bending during irradiation. Fluences as high as 1.5 x 10 2 3 n/cm 2 (E > 0.1MeV) were accumulated at temperatures ranging from 412 to 458°C. The beams were subsequently sectioned to isolate regions of tensile, compressive, and neutral loading for examination by transmission electron microscopy. A complete characterization of swelling in each of the three regions was conducted to assess the influence of these stress states on the magnitude of swelling. A detailed microstructural evaluation of the material was also made to attempt to relate swelling differences with physical changes in the alloy. The results of this investigation confirm earlier experimental data that showed swelling in AISI 316 steel to be enhanced by the application of stress during irradiation and that the magnitude of swelling is independent of the sign of the applied stress. The results also show that increases in swelling can be correlated with either more or larger voids depending upon the total strain incurred. This suggests that the mechanism for stress-enhanced swelling in this alloy may be a sensitive function of the magnitude of the applied stress.
Published: 2008
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34. Insulin and glucose profiles during continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion compared with injection of a long-acting insulin in Type 2 diabetes

Author: T, Parkner, T, Laursen, E T, Vestergaard, H, Hartvig, J S, Smedegaard, T, Lauritzen, and J S, Christiansen
Subjects: Blood Glucose, Glycated Hemoglobin, Male, Injections, Subcutaneous, Insulin Glargine, Middle Aged, Drug Administration Schedule, Body Mass Index, Insulin, Long-Acting, Insulin Infusion Systems, Treatment Outcome, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Area Under Curve, Humans, Hypoglycemic Agents, Insulin, Female
Abstract: To compare insulin and glucose profiles during basal continuous subcutaneous infusion of a rapid-acting insulin analogue and once daily subcutaneous injection of a long-acting insulin analogue in Type 2 diabetes.Twenty-one patients with Type 2 diabetes treated with oral glucose-lowering agents were randomized in this two-period crossover study to an equivalent 24-h dose of continuous subcutaneous infusion of insulin aspart and subsequently once-daily bedtime subcutaneous injection of insulin glargine, or vice versa, for eight consecutive days. Plasma profiles of insulin and glucose were recorded.On the last day of each treatment period, the area under the curve (AUC) for glucose was 10% lower on the continuous subcutaneous infusion regimen compared with the insulin injection regimen (P = 0.002). This was accomplished by a flat exogenous insulin infusion profile compared with a peaking profile with injected insulin (AUC was 74% higher after injection compared with pre-injection levels (P = 0.001)). During the last 6 days in each treatment period, the intra-subject variability of exogenous fasting insulin levels in the mornings was 41% lower during insulin infusion compared with insulin injection (P = 0.012). The corresponding intra-subject variability for fasting glucose only showed a tendency to be lower during infusion as compared to the injection regimen (28%; P = 0.104). Thirteen symptomatic-only or minor hypoglycaemic episodes were recorded during the entire infusion period compared with three episodes during the injection period.Basal continuous subcutaneous infusion of a rapid-acting insulin analogue improved plasma insulin (more flat insulin profile with a lower variability) and glucose (lower AUC) profiles compared with once-daily subcutaneous injection of a long-acting insulin analogue in Type 2 diabetes.
Published: 2008

35. The LBL 55-meter spherical grating monochromator at SSRL

Author: Malcolm R. Howells, D. Plate, Philip Heimann, E. Fong, Louis J. Terminello, J. Chin, J. Meneghetti, D. Shirley, R. DiGennaro, H. Hogrefe, Wayne R. McKinney, T. Lauritzen, F. Senf, J. Guigli, W. Gath, and Z. Ji
Subjects: Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Photon, business.industry, Physics::Optics, Resonance, Synchrotron radiation, Grating, Laser, law.invention, Interferometry, Wavelength, Optics, law, Physics::Accelerator Physics, Physics::Atomic Physics, business, Instrumentation, Monochromator
Abstract: A 55 meter spherical grating monochromator has been completed at the Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory (SSRL). The monochromator includes a unique capability for water cooled gratings, and is presently operating with a fused silica grating from 180 to 820 eV. A resolution of 60 meV has been achieved at 400 eV, inferred from the linewidths of the nitrogen 1s-π∗ resonance. A photon flux of 4 × 10 10 photon/s has been observed at 440 eV and 40 mA ring current (and with 0.5 eV resolution). It is expected that this flux value will improve by a factor of approximately 10–30 when a full-performance condensing system is installed later this year. The optical and mechanical systems design of the Rowland Circle monochromator with moving entrance and exit slits is reviewed. The details of the laser interferometer encoded wavelength drive, the mounting of the water cooled gratings, and the mechanical design features which improve the stability and accuracy of the system are described. The alignment of the gratings, grating chamber, and slits is discussed.
Published: 1990
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36. High Resolution Results from the LBL 55-Meter SGM at SSRL Near the K-Edge of Carbon and Nitrogen

Author: D. A. Shirley, F. Senf, R. D. van Zee, L.J. Medhurst, Wayne R. McKinney, J. Meneghetti, T. Lauritzen, W. Gath, Philip Heimann, Malcolm R. Howells, H. Hogrefe, and J. Chin
Subjects: Photon, Materials science, Resolution (electron density), Resonance, Condensed Matter Physics, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, law.invention, symbols.namesake, K-edge, law, Excited state, Rydberg formula, symbols, Physics::Chemical Physics, Atomic physics, Ground state, Mathematical Physics, Monochromator
Abstract: The performance of a 55-meter Spherical Grating Monochromator (SGM) is described. A resolution of 60 meV has been achieved at 400eV, inferred from the linewidths of the nitrogen 1s-π* resonance. A photon flux of 4 × 1010 photons/s has been observed at 440eV (and with 0.5 eV resolution). An initial experiment has studied the core-shell resonances of gas-phase ethylene, C2H4. Vibrational fine structure was resolved both for the carbon 1s-π* and carbon 1s-Rydberg excitations. Comparison with the vibrational frequencies of ground state ethylene implies that the ν1 (C-H stretch) and ν2 (C-C stretch) or ν3 (H-C-H bend) are excited. It is suggested that the lower Rydberg orbitals, 3s and 3pσ, have molecular, anti-bonding character.
Published: 1990
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37. Are lifestyle changes achieved after participation in a screening programme for Type 2 diabetes? The ADDITION Study, Denmark

Author: K S, Mai, A, Sandbaek, K, Borch-Johnsen, and T, Lauritzen
Subjects: Adult, Male, Alcohol Drinking, Denmark, Health Behavior, Smoking, Middle Aged, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Risk Factors, Surveys and Questionnaires, Humans, Mass Screening, Female, Life Style, Aged
Abstract: To examine the impact on health-related lifestyle of conducting a targeted stepwise diabetes screening programme.A total of 4731 people aged 40-69 years were offered stepwise diabetes screening in part of the Danish arm of the ADDITION-study in the county of Aarhus, Denmark. The screening comprised two main steps: identification of high-risk individuals by a mailed risk score questionnaire, and subsequent testing of high-risk individuals by their general practitioner. Questionnaires on physical exercise [International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ), short form], smoking habits and alcohol consumption were mailed to the target population 1 month prior to the offer of screening, and at 12 months' follow-up. At follow-up, additional questions regarding perceived changes in dietary habits, smoking, alcohol consumption and exercise were included. Three pairs of comparison groups were analysed.One year after screening, smokers who underwent further testing reduced smoking by one daily cigarette more than people at low risk of diabetes. The rate of smokers was not reduced, and the result was not confirmed by data regarding perceived change. Alcohol intake and exercise were unchanged. Data on perceived changes showed that more people undertook increased exercise in the group at low risk than in the further examined group, but this was not seen when comparing high-risk attenders with non-attenders. Dietary habits were unchanged, except that slightly more people in the group with an abnormal test result reported increase of fruit and vegetable intake and reduction of fat intake compared with the group with a normal test result.Only minor and inconsistent impacts on lifestyle was observed 1 year after screening.
Published: 2007

38. Short-term reproducibility of impaired fasting glycaemia, impaired glucose tolerance and diabetes The ADDITION study, DK

Author: S S, Rasmussen, C, Glümer, A, Sandbaek, T, Lauritzen, B, Carstensen, and K, Borch-Johnsen
Subjects: Blood Glucose, Male, Blood Specimen Collection, Reproducibility of Results, Fasting, Middle Aged, Capillaries, Prediabetic State, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Risk Factors, Chemistry, Clinical, Hyperglycemia, Glucose Intolerance, Humans, Mass Screening, Female, Aged
Abstract: We evaluated variations in glucose measurements and the reproducibility of glucose tolerance classification in a high-risk screening setting in general practice. Screening for diabetes was performed in persons aged 40-69 years. Based on capillary fasting (FBG) and 2-h blood glucose (2 hBG) individuals with impaired fasting glycaemia (IFG), impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) and diabetes had a second test done after 14 days. Intra-individual coefficients of variation (CV) were estimated in each glucose tolerance class using the approximation CV(2)(x)=var(ln(x)). Bland-Altman plots with limits of agreement were made. In the total population, the CV(intra) was 7.9% and 13.8% for FBG and 2 hBG, respectively. Limits of agreement ranged from -1.15 to 1.67 mmol/l for FBG and from - 2.62 to 3.27 mmol/l for 2 hBG. One individual with IFG and 22.5% with IGT had diabetes at the second test, 76.1% with diabetes had this diagnosis confirmed, and about 30% with IFG and IGT had normal glucose tolerance at the second test. The expected values of repeated capillary blood glucose measurements were about+/-1 and+/-3 mmol/l for FBG and 2 hBG, respectively. Yet, 70% of high-risk prediabetic individuals were persistently classified with abnormal glucose regulation; diabetes was confirmed in 76% of the cases.
Published: 2007

39. Overnight CSII as supplement to oral antidiabetic drugs in type 2 diabetes

Author: Christina Jørgensen, T. Lauritzen, M. K. Møller, Torben Laursen, Jørgen S. Christiansen, J. W. Chen, J. S. Smedegaard, and Tina Parkner
Subjects: Insulin pump, Adult, Blood Glucose, medicine.medical_specialty, Insulin Analogue, Adolescent, Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, medicine.medical_treatment, Injections, Subcutaneous, Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay, Type 2 diabetes, Drug Administration Schedule, Body Mass Index, Insulin aspart, chemistry.chemical_compound, Endocrinology, Insulin Infusion Systems, Internal medicine, Internal Medicine, medicine, Humans, Hypoglycemic Agents, Insulin, Insulin Aspart, Morning, Aged, C-Peptide, Dose-Response Relationship, Drug, business.industry, C-peptide, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, Treatment Outcome, chemistry, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Drug Therapy, Combination, business, Epidemiologic Methods, Body mass index, medicine.drug
Abstract: Udgivelsesdato: 2008-Jul AIM: To evaluate the potential advantages of a constant overnight subcutaneous delivery of insulin in type 2 diabetic patients who fail to achieve glycaemic control on oral antidiabetics. METHODS: Ten type 2 diabetic patients treated with oral antidiabetic drugs without gaining sufficient glycaemic control were included in this three-period study. All patients received continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII) with a short-acting insulin analogue, 2 IU/h, for 8 h during three consecutive nights (period A). Based upon the results from period A, two additional dose regimens of three nights (period B and C) were studied in random order. Serum insulin aspart, human insulin and plasma glucose (PG) profiles were recorded. RESULTS: In period A, fasting plasma glucose (FPG) was reduced from a mean +/- s.d. (mmol/l) value of 11.6 +/- 2.9 to 5.5 +/- 1.6 (p < 0.0001) during the first night. No additional lowering of FPG was seen the two succeeding nights. FPG narrowed as the range before the infusion was 7.3-15.2 mmol/l compared with 3.6-6.1 mmol/l on the last morning after infusion. The variability in PG profile during the first and the last night of CSII was small and not significantly different. The rising insulin aspart was mirrored by a decrease in human insulin. In period B and C, similar tendencies as for period A were seen. In period A, two patients each experienced one mild hypoglycaemic episode. CONCLUSIONS: CSII with an insulin analogue overnight effectively reduced FPG without occurrence of major hypoglycaemia in type 2 diabetic patients who fail to achieve glycaemic control on oral antidiabetic treatment.
Published: 2007
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40. Multiple mealtime administration of biphasic insulin aspart 30 versus traditional basal-bolus human insulin treatment in patients with type 1 diabetes

Author: T. Lauritzen, A. Bojesen, Jørgen S. Christiansen, and J. W. Chen
Subjects: Adult, Blood Glucose, Male, medicine.medical_specialty, endocrine system diseases, Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, medicine.medical_treatment, Insulin, Isophane, NPH insulin, Biphasic Insulins, Bedtime, Drug Administration Schedule, Insulin aspart, Endocrinology, Internal medicine, Diabetes mellitus, Internal Medicine, medicine, Humans, Hypoglycemic Agents, Insulin, Insulin Aspart, Glycated Hemoglobin, Hemoglobin A, Glycosylated, Type 1 diabetes, Cross-Over Studies, business.industry, nutritional and metabolic diseases, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, Hypoglycemia, Insulin, Long-Acting, Regimen, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1, Treatment Outcome, Patient Satisfaction, Pharmacodynamics, Female, business, hormones, hormone substitutes, and hormone antagonists, medicine.drug
Abstract: Aim: The aim of this study was to compare the effect of multiple mealtime injections of biphasic insulin aspart 30 (30% fast-acting insulin aspart in the formulation, BIAsp30) to traditional basal-bolus human insulin regimen (HI) on glycaemic control in patients with type 1 diabetes. Methods: Twenty-three patients (eight women and 15 men) aged 44.8 (20.6–62.5) years (median and range) with a diabetes duration of 19.5 (1.6–44.6) years completed the study. All eligible patients were randomly assigned to BIAsp30 thrice daily supplied with bedtime NPH insulin when necessary, or basal-bolus HI for 12 weeks and then switched to the alternative regimen for another 12 weeks. The insulin dose adjustments were made by patients on the basis of advice from a diabetes nurse. At end of each treatment period, the patients attended two profile days, 1 week apart for pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic assessments. HbA1C was measured at baseline and at the end of each treatment period. A seven-point self-monitored blood glucose (SMBG) was obtained twice weekly. Results: In comparison with HI, multiple mealtime injections of BIAsp30 resulted in a significant reduction in HbA1C[HI vs. BIAsp30 (%, geometric mean and range): 8.6 (7.4–11.4) vs. 8.3 (6.7–9.8), p = 0.013]. During treatment with BIAsp30, nighttime glycaemic control was significantly improved. Day-to-day variation in pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics and the rate of hypoglycaemia were not increased with BIAsp30 compared with HI. Conclusions: In type 1 diabetics, multiple mealtime administration of BIAsp30 compared with traditional basal-bolus human insulin treatment significantly improves long-term glycaemic control without increasing the risk of hypoglycaemia. Despite a higher proportion of intermediate-acting insulin, thrice-daily injections with BIAsp30 do not increase the day-to-day variations in insulin pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics.
Published: 2006
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41. Variance shadow maps

Author: Andrew T. Lauritzen and William Donnelly
Subjects: business.industry, Computer science, Graphics hardware, Shadow volume, ComputingMethodologies_IMAGEPROCESSINGANDCOMPUTERVISION, Upper and lower bounds, Real-time rendering, Rendering (computer graphics), Real-time computer graphics, Computer vision, Artificial intelligence, Graphics, business, Shadow mapping, ComputingMethodologies_COMPUTERGRAPHICS
Abstract: Shadow maps are a widely used shadowing technique in real time graphics. One major drawback of their use is that they cannot be filtered in the same way as color textures, typically leading to severe aliasing. This paper introduces variance shadow maps, a new real time shadowing algorithm. Instead of storing a single depth value, we store the mean and mean squared of a distribution of depths, from which we can efficiently compute the variance over any filter region. Using the variance, we derive an upper bound on the fraction of a shaded fragment that is occluded. We show that this bound often provides a good approximation to the true occlusion, and can be used as an approximate value for rendering. Our algorithm is simple to implement on current graphics processors and solves the problem of shadow map aliasing with minimal additional storage and computation.
Published: 2006
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42. Impact of insulin antibodies on insulin aspart pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics after 12-week treatment with multiple daily injections of biphasic insulin aspart 30 in patients with type 1 diabetes

Author: J. W. Chen, Jan Frystyk, J. S. Christiansen, and T. Lauritzen
Subjects: Adult, Male, medicine.medical_specialty, endocrine system diseases, Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, medicine.medical_treatment, Insulin Antibodies, Insulin, Isophane, Biphasic Insulins, Insulin aspart, Endocrinology, Pharmacokinetics, Immunopathology, Internal medicine, medicine, Humans, Insulin, Insulin Aspart, Type 1 diabetes, business.industry, nutritional and metabolic diseases, General Medicine, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1, Pharmacodynamics, Female, Analysis of variance, business, hormones, hormone substitutes, and hormone antagonists, medicine.drug
Abstract: Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the impact of insulin antibodies on insulin aspart pharmaco-kinetics and pharmacodynamics after 12-week multiple daily injections of biphasic insulin aspart 30 (30% fast-acting and 70% protamine-crystallised insulin aspart, BIAsp30) in patients with type 1 diabetes. Methods: Twenty-three patients (8 women, 15 men) aged 44.8 (20.6–62.5) years (median and range) with diabetes duration of 19.5 (1.6–44.6) years and haemoglobin (Hb)A1C of 9.2% (8.1–12.3%) participated in the study, which consisted of 12-week treatment with multiple injections of BIAsp30. At the end of the treatment period, all patients attended two 24-h profile days 1 week apart for pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic assessments. HbA1C and insulin antibodies were also determined. Results: Patients were stratified into two groups depending on whether the level of insulin binding to insulin antibodies was below or above 75% (moderate vs high (%, median and range): 62 (15–74) vs 80 (75–89)). High levels of insulin antibodies resulted in about threefold increase in AUC(0 – 24 h) (the area under the concentration-time curve during 24 h) for total insulin aspart (analysis of variance, P < 0.05). The differences in free insulin aspart pharmacokinetics, insulin pharmacodynamics and HbA1C were not statistically significant between patients with different levels of insulin antibodies. Total daily insulin dosage was significantly lower in patients with high than moderate levels of insulin antibodies. Conclusions: In type 1 diabetic patients, high levels of circulating insulin antibodies result in elevated total, but not free, insulin aspart profiles. Consistent with the finding of similar insulin pharmacodynamics, the long-term glycaemic control is not significantly different between patients with different levels of insulin antibodies.
Published: 2005
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43. Psychosocial problems and barriers to improved diabetes management:Results of the Cross-National Diabetes Attitudes, Wishes and Needs (DAWN) Study

Author: Mark Peyrot, Richard R. Rubin, Soren E. Skovlund, T. Lauritzen, Frank J. Snoek, David R. Matthews, Medical psychology, APH - Health Behaviors & Chronic Diseases, APH - Mental Health, and Academic Medical Center
Subjects: Gerontology, Adult, Cross-Cultural Comparison, Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Cross-sectional study, Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Type 2 diabetes, Endocrinology, Diabetes management, Internal Medicine, medicine, Diabetes Mellitus, Humans, Nurse Practitioners, business.industry, Public health, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, Mental health, Self Care, Regimen, Cross-Sectional Studies, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1, Mental Health, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Family medicine, Psychological well-being, Patient Compliance, Female, business, Family Practice, Psychosocial, Stress, Psychological
Abstract: Aims: To examine patient- and provider-reported psychosocial problems and barriers to effective self-care and resources for dealing with those barriers. Methods: Cross-sectional study using face-to-face or telephone interviews with diabetic patients and health-care providers in 13 countries in Asia, Australia, Europe and North America. Participants were randomly selected adults (n = 5104) with Type 1 or Type 2 diabetes, and providers (n = 3827), including primary care physicians, diabetes specialist physicians and nurses. Results: Regimen adherence was poor, especially for diet and exercise; provider estimates of patient self-care were lower than patient reports for all behaviours. Diabetes-related worries were common among patients, and providers generally recognized these worries. Many patients (41%) had poor psychological well-being. Providers reported that most patients had psychological problems that affected diabetes self-care, yet providers often reported they did not have the resources to manage these problems, and few patients (10%) reported receiving psychological treatment. Conclusions: Psychosocial problems appear to be common among diabetic patients worldwide. Addressing these problems may improve diabetes outcomes, but providers often lack critical resources for doing so, particularly skill, time and adequate referral sources.
Published: 2005
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44. Pharmacokinetic profiles of biphasic insulin aspart 30/70 and 70/30 in patients with Type 1 diabetes: a randomized double-blinded crossover study

Author: Jørgen S. Christiansen, L. H. Jensen, W. H. O. Clausen, J. J. Christiansen, J. W. Chen, and T. Lauritzen
Subjects: Adult, Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Time Factors, endocrine system diseases, Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, medicine.medical_treatment, Cmax, Insulin, Isophane, Biphasic Insulins, Insulin aspart, Endocrinology, Pharmacokinetics, Double-Blind Method, Diabetes mellitus, Internal medicine, Internal Medicine, medicine, Humans, Insulin, Insulin Aspart, Type 1 diabetes, Meal, Cross-Over Studies, Dose-Response Relationship, Drug, business.industry, nutritional and metabolic diseases, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, Crossover study, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1, Area Under Curve, Female, business, hormones, hormone substitutes, and hormone antagonists, medicine.drug
Abstract: Aims To compare pharmacokinetic characteristics of two biphasic insulin aspart (BIAsp) formulations: BIAsp30 and BIAsp70 (30% and 70%, respectively, of fast-acting insulin aspart) during 15 days of multiple dosing (thrice daily). Methods A total of 22 patients with Type 1 diabetes (nine women, 13 men) aged 41.4 ± 9.9 years (mean ± sd) with a diabetes duration of 18.9 (2.3–40.3) years (median and range) completed the randomized, double-blinded, two-period crossover study. On day 1 and day 15 of each treatment period, 24-h serum insulin and glucose profiles were evaluated. Total area under the insulin aspart concentration–time curve (AUC(0−24 h)), AUC after dinner administration stratified into early (AUCdinner(0−6 h)) and intermediate-phase (AUCdinner(6−14 h)), maximum insulin concentration (Cmax), time to maximum insulin concentration (Tmax) after each meal were recorded. Results On day 15 BIAsp70 was associated with a shorter Tmax, and more than 40% elevated Cmax. Comparing with BIAsp30, AUC(0−24 h) and AUCdinner(0−6 h) were increased by 25% and 28%, respectively, but AUCdinner (6−14 h) was markedly lower for BIAsp70 [BIAsp30/BIAsp70: 1.9; 95% CI (1.42, 2.55)]. Similar findings were also observed on day 1. The fasting or pre-meal serum insulin levels on day 15 tended to be higher with BIAsp30, but the differences were not statistically significant. Conclusions The pharmacokinetic properties of BIAsp30 and 70 remain constant during 2 weeks of daily administration in patients with Type 1 diabetes. In comparison with BIAsp30, the administration of BIAsp70 results in a shorter time to and larger maximum insulin aspart concentration. Furthermore, total and early post-dinner insulin AUC were greater, whereas late-phase insulin exposure was lower with BIAsp70.
Published: 2005
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45. 40(th) EASD Annual Meeting of the European Association for the Study of Diabetes : Munich, Germany, 5-9 September 2004

Author: S. Artigas, A V Dreval, Mark I. McCarthy, C Watson, Peter H. Bennett, M Quint, Y Ikeda, E Alpert, F Schiele, H Sekihara, Erik Gylfe, P Lowe, J Kuhlmann, Alain Golay, V Longo, Shahidul Alam Khan Akm., L G Mantovani, M Zawodniak-Szalapska, G Winkler, T Harrity, L Virág, U Johne, Kuo S-W., Linda C Tapsell, J Rodriguez, Michel Komajda, K Kankova, Carole A. Cull, M Sporna, E Estilles, U Ribel, M C Spruce, E Buzzigoli, T Prazak, J K McLaughlin, M K Lingohr, M Lim, F Calara, A Siebenhofer, G Meregalli, Roberto Anichini, A D Baron, R Kurashvili, P C Butler, G I Fantus, T. E. De Gooyer, Park Y-M., R. Walther, S Heinrich, Agnieszka Zawiejska, S Mukherjee, Nikolaos Papanas, G Wong, Ian D. Caterson, David M. Maahs, Shuichi Kaneko, Alexandra E. Butler, Francisco Javier Ampudia-Blasco, O N Kong, Attali J-R., C A Hedman, K Oshinyemi, Nicolle Müller, I C Cranston, N Okumus, M V Vlaiculescu, Balasubramanian Ravikumar, W W Cheatham, K Mukasa, K B Biswas, Annunziata Lapolla, Phil McEwan, G Mader, Gilles Chassot, Dragi Anevski, Werner A. Scherbaum, M Donath, C Hesselmann, R A Gandhi, David E. Moller, Ezio Bonifacio, C Garcia, V Ifandi, P Hornnes, Nieuwenhoven Fav., C Puech, S Pérez-Del-Pulgar, Kim S-R., G Hines, C Rubio Terrés, Michael Gaster, N. Hosszufalusi, A Scholze, Andrew A. Young, Stavros Liatis, F Hariri, S Tan, Paul Valensi, Allan E. Karlsen, J Kim, E. Moberg, J Kaiser, L Berman, G Nelson, A Altkrüger, P Kothare, D B Cook, S Doran, G. van Dijk, Shahnaz Shahinfar, Kim C-S., P Stahl, M Manousaki, S Sigrist, S K Lim, M. P. Stern, A Guberti, C Rezzani, J McKenney, Karl Thomaseth, Sofia Carlsson, M Julia, R Brillante, I Rubesova, T Darkow, E Matsumoto, Wendy M. Macfarlane, M Di Martino, G Bardini, Rossella Menghini, D Duhot, E Farcasiu, Annalisa Natalicchio, I Lindner, J Buvat, Christian L. Brand, Harry Dorchy, Iwona Pietrzak, Z T Luo, P Home, M Ekelund, Jesper Gromada, Kristine Færch, F Piarulli, H Kim, R Mentel, Zsuzsanna K. Zsengellér, Dullaart Rpf., Anton Luger, Thomas A. Pearson, V Manicardi, P Rösen, Feng Y-M., R Morganti, Lars Hansen, Demuth H-U., Haruo Kasai, A Shostak, Rudi Steffensen, G Taylor, Markolf Hanefeld, C Santini, E Hamaguchi, Roberto Miccoli, F Storms, M Cooper, Y Lee, Allison E. Aiello, P Smith, T Suehiro, K Treece, M Waluś, Timothy A Welborn, Simone Baltrusch, E Kontela, S Chai, J Crean, H Yokoyama, Johan G. Eriksson, Rafael Hernández Hernández, J Rodríguez-Saldaña, M P Tornero, G Formoso, D. Lovell, E Bingham, A Mylonakis, M Manteghetti, D Fedele, Antonio Martín-Duce, Ralph A. DeFronzo, D Salcedo, Kurt Højlund, Antonio Petrone, Sheu Whh., C Gutierrez, Flavia Pricci, S Kurita, Z G Abbas, M M Benedetti, Philippe A. Halban, Daniel J. Cox, O Ljungkvist, Justine Davies, J Palsgaard, Lars Sjöström, E Bosi, L Janin-Manificat, W. F. Kelly, M. Fernandez, E Colak, O V Mulyarchik, B Kronshage, F Lang, M Erfurth, Takashi Kadowaki, N Jendrike, U Walter, J Wishart, Y. Neye, D Kim, N Furuhashi, M Barsotti, D Florow, L Ke, L Borgquist, N C Jackson, Ffolliott M. Fisher, V Baskar, K Yoshioka, Bryan A. Wolf, G Chabrier, R Skoumal, Livio Luzi, H Kose, I Pharisien, B. Klein, H Winiarska, M C Johnson, L Griffiths, Nonna Kravchun, C Combe, Baptist Gallwitz, J Zdychova, L Skorda, Jorma Ilonen, W Gao, I N Steen, A Terrinoni, P D Ambery, W Kern, C M Kusminski, Cho M-H., Paolo Pozzilli, Louise G. Grunnet, E Schönle, David R Matthews, Robert W. Taylor, Y Cohen, Kim H-S., M P Eccles, N B Tutuncu, D McDowell, Richard M. Bergenstal, K Takamatsu, T Steiner, Jaan Palgi, Valdemar Grill, N Niculescu, G Federici, S Lehto, P. M. McKeigue, M Barone, Michael E. Trautmann, S Smirnov, J Mannion, M Eto, C Rousseau, M Conti, C S Ernest, Antonio Ceriello, D H Schweitzer, Jung E-D., Andreas Festa, Avijit Lahiri, A Shepelkevich, A Murro, A Kollmann, Jonathan R.S. Arch, R Landgraf, Son H-Y., I Engelsberger, E Agardh, S Rodríguez-Mulero, P J Kraml, K Lee, D. F. Du Toit, E Kim, G Fadini, Williams Ajk., Philip Home, M B Antcieferov, C Perlemoine, D Perrea, Song X-L., D Ruggieri, Krister Bokvist, Heidi Sørensen, Bilbao, G Yoshino, J P Taylor, Shen H-M., S M Furier, R Urquhart, J Wohlgelernter, Jianping Weng, T. Baba, Q Hong, C Silva, Castaigne J-P., M Felaco, X X Zhang, M Jaroň, Milla Rosengård-Bärlund, J G Papp, Toshio Miyata, Lervang H-H., Park M-K., I Kinalska, A Long, Oomen Phn., N Kogawa, Ippolita Patrizia Patera, S. Karadeniz, Dinesh Selvarajah, D S Chung, A Wensaas, Richard Imrich, M Recasens, J Ruxer, O Buchea, E Wilpart, S P Stepanenko, Le Ttd., H Ohgawara, Mariaconsuelo Valentini, A Mondok, M Peltonen, Marianne O. Larsen, K Chatzianagnostou, Agneta Ståhle, A L Ferrari, L Bordier, F Maingrette, A Matsuda, G Vukomanovic, Jakob D. Wikstrom, T Yamakita, E Gorostiaga, J Jin, B Gopalan, Heinz Drexel, S Hewitt, Rury R. Holman, C Dieterle, T L Ruchti, N Asatiani, M Sidira, A Iezzi, A J Sommerfield, D Châtenet, M L Olsen, R Bergemann, C Koehler, T L Kuraeva, B Balas, Christian Berne, E Santos-Mazo, G Smith, A Siejka, R Kožnarová, A Mattina, S Sheikh, A Adomeit, M Rasmussen, J. Fagerudd, N Busciantella Ricci, Nuria Vilarrasa, E Hammar, T L Thoms, L Aydın, Ron G. Rosenfeld, A Nikolajuk, R Gos, C L Morgan, H L Yu, D Dheelchand, S Ramrath, N Boudriga, Jerome I. Rotter, C Jahannault, W M Weston, Folke Lindgärde, M Hertlova, D Knight, A Monroy-Mayorga, E Pardini, A Chamson-Reig, B Franke, Janie McCluskey, Joseph Bryan, C Nikolopoulou, Christie M. Ballantyne, Fausto Santeusanio, L Pegoraro, M Lee, A Klimenko, S Jaiveer, K. Pettersson-Fernholm, Michael A. Nauck, A Ekbom-Schnell, G Deferrari, Riccardo Schiaffini, S. Pampanelli, Khan Aka., David Hopkins, Maija Wessman, M Kamarinos, Noh J-H., O Ebisui, K McCarroll, Jeppe Sturis, Peter Nowotny, N Gorbenko, Åke Sjöholm, David G. Maggs, A E Halseth, B Cresci, A A Ortiz-Gress, A Korakovouni, O Matejkova, C E Mogensen, C J Lin, Ramon Gomis, H Seaman, C Granier, Yang C-H., F Assah, O Sanchez, Fausto Machicao, Peter G. Morris, Alberto Ortiz, A Giardinelli, D Bracaglia, A Gonzalo, S Pavlatos, Andreas Lechner, F Canovic, L Sjolind, Allan Vaag, Birgitte Bruun Nielsen, David A. Ziegler, Vito Lampasona, R Gershoni-Baruch, A. Dei Cas, H Renz, E Mena, Matthew Waltham, Kim D-M., H Levanen, D D Mick, Valentina Alexandrovna Peterkova, E Meskhishvili, Sarah Nutland, R Bustani, John R. Lindsay, M Christoforidou, A Abicht, E Harno, K Cyganek, A Fitchet, S Neelotpol, P Nikishin, P Serradas, J Hinrichsen, M Halvorson, M Chovatia, B Voet, Jinny Willis, E Parretti, M Haslbeck, M Wellard, L Teng, Julio Wainstein, J S Fischer, K. Lalic, D Roggenland, I Gich, R Anwar, Maurizio Cassader, D Serota, X J Li, R J Schotzinger, Vilmundur Gudnason, Björn Zethelius, S A Wootton, W Andrzejewski, R Rezsohazy, R Gao, T Klimentova, T Mazurek, I Bruckner, C Dohrmann, R E James, G daSilva Xavier, Kim S-Y., A Dorca, Stuart J. Pocock, Terri J. Allen, I Giovos, P B Parab, N H Andersen, P Fotinakis, Miriam Cnop, H Lee, Norbert Tennagels, Omorodola I. Abatan, F Ailett, I. Lager, D Manzella, H Hut, Larry A. Distiller, G Lip, Lim S-K., Rong Zhang, T Tsuno, Steen Knudsen, M. Bajardi, Manuel Benito, Dai Sugimoto, Melvin J. Prince, D W Dunstan, D Rankins, K A Majali, G Ozansoy, Isabella Russo, S Uçak, G Annuzzi, R Talar-Wojnarowska, K Lange, S Neugebauer-Baba, Campbell H. Thompson, Eric Renard, P. D. Mountjoy, Z Morrison, Elizabeth A. Davis, Franco Cavallo, C Corvaja, R Antuña, Craig John Currie, H Linnebjerg, He Y-L., A J Palmer, Mariola R. Chacón, H Malinska, M. Jones, R Lichnovská, K Mandes, Paolo Tessari, T Mokhort, A Laina, H. L. Y. Chan, I Schmidt, R Banks, Richard G. IJzerman, L Ksinantova, G Setti, H Vaudry, A Gallo, V Spallone, Chen J-W., Thomas Danne, A Chong, M Hallschmid, S Aczel, S Hulme, N Islam, M Hosoi, P M Ternan, P Di Bartolo, N Bishara, T Shibasaki, Martin A. Osterhoff, Im S-S., M Jecht, T Hamaguchi, S Mattera, K Ways, Elizabeth Northam, U Rajala, Reinhard W. Holl, L Yang, S Panaiotopoulos, K Horvath, R Kluge, Thora B. Bodvarsdottir, Y Dong, Irene Alemanno, C McDougall, Reimar W. Thomsen, M Campbell, W Rabl, John Öhrvik, Yuichiro Yamada, Paola Ungaro, W Benzer, Mike Sampson, Roberto Trevisan, R G Radu, Aas A-M., P E Lobo, Ricardo Scott, S M Son, Josephine M. Forbes, T A Hillier, K L Wyne, Louis L. Nguyen, J Farmer, M H Tan, Kwon H-S., J Yang, L Sandvik, Franco Folli, A K Jenum, M Nguyen, W Pratipanawatr, A L Frederiksen, Rebecca Smith, Lee H-J., A Schäfer, C Manuelli, G S Denver, T Vukovich, B Maceira, K Matsumoto, K. Chokkalingam, Nurcan Üçeyler, P Modi, Timothy M. Morgan, S Mertens, B M Singh, Michaela Riedl, K Iso, C Cucurullo, G. F. Bottazzo, M Calvani, K Hur, J Wetzels, Kazuhiro Takahashi, Y Aso, H Stammer, M G Masding, Fitsum Guebre-Egziabher, J L González-Sánchez, L Armstrong, Alberto Maran, Peter G.F. Swift, S S Popovic, J Starczynski, E Vitacolonna, Luigi Laviola, R W Gelling, Marina Cardellini, D Barilla, Rosa de Diego Martínez, W H Landschulz, Anne Mette Rosenfalck, R K Wong, Kevin E. Schneider, K Peros, Giuseppe Nanni, F Zhang, I Rákóczi, T Iburi, M Nakhjavani, X Q Zhang, S Tournis, Per Lav Madsen, Graham A. Hitman, A. Tura, K Laubner, N D Kostic, Lawrence M. Dolan, R. Sinha Roy, J A Wagner, J. Tuomilehto, J Hauptman, M Abdel-Ghany, D Lacombe, Toralph Ruge, Johannes A Maassen, Triantafyllos Didangelos, K Sasaki, I Argüelles, Klaus Levin, C Popow, Emanuel Christ, R Chetty, L Baillet-Blanco, Jo-Ann Salmon, T Mine, James L. Trevaskis, I Franke, J Gorski, E A Andrianova, A Dayan, A Caballero, Aleksandra Gilis-Januszewska, M Yasujima, Z Kasalová, C.D.A. Stehouwer, F. K. Gorus, G A Nichols, A Glowania, David P. Strachan, P Fredlund, N. F. da Silva, P Reboldi, M Sausbier, K H Groenier, G Stuccio, N Guttman, K R Ahmed, A D Ristic, T Kapellen, J Coutcher, Aldo V. Greco, Oswald Wagner, A Zagayko, Maria Alevizaki, B B Zhang, W F Ferris, Jenny Fredriksson, Lois Jovanovic, J Hänninen, R De Giglio, Kazuo Yagui, O Potterat, P Hamliton, R E Scranton, B Mankovsky, A Stylianou, B Fellström, Abdel-Wahab Yha., M Kitagawa, Katherine L. Baldock, F R Johnson, F Baigts, S D'Addato, F J Sanz, A Mistry, S D Wise, T Pratipanawatr, U R Fölsch, James R.C. Parkinson, Claudia Sommer, C Park, F E Griffiths, M L Martí, R Demirtunc, S Taniguchi, J Lundkvist, T Siegmund, Juan Sztajzel, C Dienesch, F Baumgartner, L Scalone, T M Mckolanis, K Otake, Ullrik Pedersen-Bjergaard, T M Vriesendorp, Michael B. Wheeler, Henry Schmitt, Peter Hovind, S Lange, Stephane Roze, L. Van Gaal, B Klaproth, Anthony E. Civitarese, D Eckland, A Dagar, D F Hopkins, Kari Stefansson, C Gonzalez-Yanes, B Meyboom-de Jong, D. J. Betteridge, K Buhling, M Crepaldi, Ana M. Wägner, L Renna, L Volpe, R McBride, V Corbo, E O Brennesvik, R P Hayes, R Abdollahnia, G Viviani, C F Liew, Francisco Pérez-Bravo, Jeffrey Baron, Brian M. Frier, H H Samira, D Szentendrei, K. J. Schjoedt, W K Waldhäusl, D Gniuli, D Zou, G Tschank, V Urbančič, A L Nolan, Albertini J-P., J Malcomson, M Larbig, C Cheyssac, K Aurich, C M Kesson, S Heller, Maija E. Miettinen, R F Luco, Adrian J. Cameron, Luigi Mattiello, Z. Metelko, X E Zhang, M Parramón, I. G. 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Jensen, A D'Avanzo, J Monaghan, K P Yeo, Guivarch P-H., B Bauduceau, D Weghuber, P Tatti, J Ybarra, S Gwozdziewiczová, E Gasparini, B Saltin, Charlotte Granhall, Howard Leventhal, R Marin, M Tumiati, Cicero Afg., L Csémy, B Berger, S Mikros, D Dall'Asta, M Shahmanesh, Y G Vasiljev, F Potthoff, H S Randeva, G De Berardis, J O Logan, K Warncke, P Uitterlinden, E Rehring, K Gilmore, K Shankhdhar, V V Bojko, M Vahatalo, E A Korolyova, D Wiemann, P G Lankisch, D Hendrie, F Galtier, M Rybarczyk, Gisela Dahlquist, N N Rudovich, G Stein, A Liebl, F Tan, A Westerlund, S Gronemann, I Franklin, Jonathan A. Prince, Peter Arner, E Skliros, T. Sparre, M Vigas, Maddalena Trombetta, L. Bjerre Knudsen, A C Sima, I Dubroca, Alastair Gray, I Weets, R Ferraresi, Schauer Ujw., E. Leinonen, S Corazza, Jonathan Levy, P K Prakash, R Guzder, S. Barnhill, John Blangero, J Herreros, G. de Vries, Cheng Ptw., A Macías-Batista, K. 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Hansen, T Watanabe, Gang Hu, Malik Rja., T Kennedy-Martin, Ulla M Smidt, J.M. Dekker, A A Fisher, H Liu, R E Pratley, B Sun, C Fledelius, J F Raposo, R Langham, Ahn S-Y., B R Waterhouse, Shaoping Deng, W Ricart, S V Melnichenko, Henrike Sell, M. Tomalino, N Takeda, Paola Massucco, A Harlan, W Henrich, C D Byrne, R Junik, Khalid Hussain, D Pop Gorceva, Torben Hansen, C Ritterath, K Ogawa, D V Phan, Bradley S Metcalf, Robb E. Moses, Juan P. Frias, Hitoshi Ishii, C Brisard, P Wolkow, H H Maurer, Ingo Rustenbeck, Juris J. Meier, Octavian Savu, S D Lin, V B Bregovski, A Fox, S Cicala, M. Koenen, L Vignati, O de Divitiis, Constantin Ionescu-Tirgoviste, Kilian Rittig, J Song, Riccardo Candido, F Cohen-Boulakia, U Shankhdhar, P Jahan, Antonio Tiengo, E Liepinsh, C Álvarez, Sigurd Lenzen, James E. 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Chauveau, P, Combe, C, Baillet blanco, L, Beauvieux, M, Gin, H, Heinrich, S, Steiner, T, Ott, U, Holdass, H, Fellström, B, Jardine, A, Staffler, B, Logan, J, Gimpelewicz, C, Stanciu, C, Pena, C, Serafinceanu, C, González posada, J, Hernández, D, Pérez tamajó, L, Ló, A, Herná Alarcó, M, Meneses, M, Barsotti, M, Rizzo, G, Schmauss, S, Havrdova, T, Saudek, F, Boucek, P, Adamec, M, Invitti, C, Gilardini, L, Parati, G, Mazzilli, G, Pontiggia, B, Sartorio, A, Lutgers, H, Groenier, K, Zasadzinska, G, Saryusz wolska, M, Kurktschiev, D, Majdrakova, I, Varbanova, T, Todorova, B, Bajo martinez, A, Bernal, E, Sanchez, O, Ugalde canitrot, A, Sanchez largo, E, Coca robinot, D, Fabregate, R, Calbacho, M, Marquez, J, Saban ruiz, J, Penesova, A, Cizmarova, E, Blazicek, P, De Jongh, R, Serné, E, Ijzerman, R, De Vries, G, Andersen, N, Knudsen, S, Helleberg, K, Mogensen, C, Waluś, M, Idzior waluś, B, Sztefko, K, Cieślik, G, Fedak, D, Wozniakiewicz, E, Lin, S, Guo, M, Lin, C, Liu, X, Francisco, M, Rodriguez rosas, H, Peiró martinez, I, Macías batista, A, Harte, A, Rodriguez cuenca, S, Valsamakis, G, Chetty, R, Anderson, L, Roca, P, Matyka, K, Lasalle, J, Hershon, K, Berman, L, Gibson, E, Gillen, D, Maroni, J, Simmons, D, Hiukka, A, Forder, P, Leinonen, E, Hilden, H, Fruchart, J, Keech, A, Farnier, M, Freeman, M, Macdonell, G, Perevozskaya, I, Mitchel, Y, Gumbiner, B, Didangelos, T, Athyros, V, Mikhailidis, D, Papageorgiou, A, Bouloukos, V, Pehlivanidis, A, Symeonidis, A, Elisaf, M, Mckenney, J, Insull, W, Lewin, A, Maccubbin, D, Kush, D, Schuster, H, Barter, P, Stender, S, Bonnet, J, Morrell, J, Watkins, C, Kallend, D, Stalenhoef, A, Ballantyne, C, Murin, J, Tonstad, S, Rose, H, Wilpshaar, W, Jenkins, A, Karschimkus, C, Dragicevic, G, Rowley, K, Wolthers, T, Best, J, Voet, B, Murdoch, S, Marcovina, S, Brunzell, J, Caparevic, Z, Kostic, N, Ilic, S, Sartore, G, Piarulli, F, Cantaro, S, Reitano, R, Fiore, C, Marin, R, Bassan, S, Manzato, E, Fedele, D, Solini, A, Santini, E, Thornalley, P, Babaei jadidi, R, Karachalias, N, Kupich, C, Ahmed, N, Fowler, A, Baker, A, Starczynski, J, O'Hare, P, Szepietowska, B, Szelachowska, M, Puch, U, Glebocka, A, Quinn, D, Mcternan, C, Bonser, R, Idzior walus, B, Woźniakiewicz, E, Dimitriou, K, Apostolou, O, Kontela, E, Devangelio, E, Gould, E, Serri, O, Roussin, A, Buithieu, J, Mamputu, J, Renier, G, Giordanetti, S, De Amici, E, Poggi, G, Turpini, C, Fratino, P, Garzaniti, A, Banu, I, Paries, J, Roman, G, Negrean, M, Bala, C, Nita, C, Kistorp, C, Gustafsson, F, Chong, A, Lip, G, Galatius, S, Ari, N, Sahilli, M, Ceylan isık, A, Ozansoy, G, Karasu yilmaz, C, Matteucci, E, Rosada, J, Pallini, M, Evangelista, I, Cassetti, G, Giusti, C, Giampietro, O, Capaldo, B, Galderisi, M, Cicala, S, Turco, A, Imbroinise, A, Nosso, G, D'Errico, A, De Divitiis, O, Klimontov, V, Korolyova, E, Jeltova, L, Bondar, I, Tarkun, I, Arslan, B, Canturk, Z, Tarkun, P, Agacdiken, A, Komsuoglu, B, Méneveau, N, Pierre justin, E, Alsayed, M, Sabbah, R, Paulin, S, Marcu, S, Tauveron, I, Zimmermann, C, Schiele, F, Seronde, M, Vautrin, P, Lusson, J, Thieblot, P, Bernard, Y, Mistry, A, Pye, M, Peovska, I, Maksimovic Pavlovic, J, Vavlukis, M, Pop Gorceva, D, Bosevski, M, Scognamiglio, R, Negut, C, De Kreutzenberg, S, Madonna, R, De Caterina, R, Willerson, J, Geng, Y, Vahsen, S, Ledwig, D, Ramrath, S, Frantz, S, Schmidt, I, Calvillo, L, Dienesch, C, Elbing, I, Bischoff, H, Ertl, G, Bauersachs, J, Davydov, A, Mkrtum'Yan, A, Baranova, L, Ikeda, Y, Suehiro, T, Osaki, F, Ota, K, Arii, K, Kumon, Y, Hashimoto, K, Doney, A, Morris, A, Palmer, C, Byun, S, Doo, H, Pagnin, E, Calo, L, Fadini, G, Kubaszek, A, Chai, S, Chai, Q, Rasmussen, L, Ledet, T, Wogensen, L, Lengyel, C, Varró, A, Virág, L, Magyar, J, Bíró, T, Jost, N, Skoumal, R, Nánási, P, Tóth, M, Horkay, F, Papp, J, Zacharopoulou, O, Athanaselis, S, Tsokos, N, Doupis, J, Psallas, M, Cokkinos, D, Pavlatos, S, Liatis, S, Akhobadze, T, Dzneladze, L, Samarguliani, I, Taskiran, M, Rasmussen, V, Jensen, G, Fisher, A, Petrovsky, N, Srikusalanukul, W, Budge, M, Trifunovic zamaklar, D, Zivkovic, M, Jelic, V, Vukomanovic, G, Ristic, A, Seferovic, P, Costa, J, Duarte, S, Manley, S, Sailesh, S, Venkataraman, A, Haider, Y, Groza, I, Oprean, M, Ardelean, A, Morosanu, A, Darkow, T, Vanderplas, A, Mamas, M, Mcelduff, P, Burns, J, Edwards, R, Fitchet, A, Young, R, Gibson, J, Lichiardopol, R, Niculescu, N, Totora, A, Pencea, C, Tomescu, I, Cinteza, M, Manicardi, V, Coscelli, C, Navazio, A, Catellani, E, Michelini, M, Dall'Asta, D, Guberti, A, Piazza, A, Gasparini, E, Pantaleoni, M, Guiducci, U, Manari, A, Sejil, S, Janand delenne, B, Avierinos, J, Habib, G, Labastie, N, Vague, P, Lassmann vague, V, Luźniak, P, Tatoń, J, Wojciechowska Luźniak, A, Zairis, M, Lyras, A, Patsourakos, N, Tsirimbis, V, Foussas, S, Lupón, J, Urrutia, A, Herreros, J, González, B, Coll, R, Altimir, S, Prats, M, Valle, V, Abreu padí, C, Rábago, G, Ivanova, L, Brasacchio, D, Harno, E, Keenan, A, Li, H, Lu, Z, Ke, L, Liu, H, Jeong, I, Chae, M, Choi, M, Yoo, H, Kim, C, Yun, M, Na, M, Kang, Y, Kong, O, Son, S, Kim, I, Tanaka, N, Hosoi, M, Matsuyama, Y, Fukumoto, M, Yamakita, T, Yoshioka, K, Ishii, T, Sato, T, Fujii, S, Aoki, T, Shibata, T, Mizutani, N, Suzuki, J, Fowelin, J, Samuelsson, P, Brandrup wogsen, G, Okumura, K, Tokmakova, A, Staroverova, D, Antcieferov, M, Shutichina, I, Kuntchevich, G, Vriesendorp, T, Morélis, Q, Legemate, D, Schaper, F, Mainas, E, Gkioulmpasanis, I, Panagiotou, I, Vassilikos, G, Skorda, L, Sidira, M, Christoforidou, M, Alaveras, A, Artikis, V, Evdemon, E, Lechleitner, M, Koch, T, Ebenbichler, C, Sturm, W, Moretti, L, Moruzzo, D, Boldrini, E, Pandolfo, C, Kameyama, M, Iwasa, R, Cho, M, Nam, J, Huh, K, Kaplar, M, Paragh, G, Erdei, A, Csongradi, E, Garai, I, Varga, J, Galuska, L, Udvardy, M, Higa, M, Kaneko, Y, Hiroi, N, Koziarska, D, Nowacki, P, Majkowska, L, Luzniak, P, Wojciechowska luźniak, A, Tushuizen, M, Nieuwland, R, Snoeck, D, Sturk, A, Diamant, M, Aguiar, L, Bahia, L, Villela, N, Laflor, C, Conde, C, Bottino, D, Dorigo, D, Bouskela, E, Pu, S, Luo, Z, Lam, K, Dan, Q, Xu, A, Shen, J, Cheng, K, Xu, J, Thamer, C, Stefan, N, Haap, M, Heller, E, Tschritter, O, De Prado, A, Ortiz, A, Ybarra, J, Gich, I, Pou, J, Ehren, M, Roggenland, D, Reinsen, B, Klein, H, Rittig, K, Stock, J, Kocher, B, Balletshofer, B, Shon, H, Chung, D, Nakatani, Y, Matsuhisa, M, Kaneto, H, Hatazaki, M, Yoshiuchi, K, Katakami, N, Kawamori, D, Ohtoshi, K, Sakamoto, K, Matsuoka, T, Ozawa, K, Ogawa, S, Hori, M, Yamasaki, Y, Zitouni, K, Harry, D, Nourooz zadeh, J, Earle, K, Olesen, P, Franco, L, Corvaja, C, Semplicini, A, Ceylan işık, A, Arı, N, Rösen, P, Lee, I, Park, K, Jung, E, Shin, D, Jo, S, Obuobie, K, Prakash, P, Hanna, F, Lazarus, J, Varadhan, L, Gurushankar, J, James, D, Sheikh, S, Gaede, P, Zou, D, Vilarrasa, N, Perez maraver, M, Mena, E, Perez, D, Setti, G, Buckingham, R, Urbančič, V, Stefanovska, A, Bernjak, A, Ažman juvan, K, Kocijančič, A, Glowania, A, Filters, T, Fosmark, D, Torjesen, P, Kilhovd, B, Berg, T, Sandvik, L, Hanssen, K, Mentink, C, Donchenko, G, Stepanenko, S, Maingrette, F, Deng, H, Lindenmair, A, Freudenthaler, A, Baumgartner parzer, S, Nizheradze, K, Khoruzhenko, A, Tronko, N, Sheu, W, Ou, H, Shen, H, Lin, T, Wu, H, Yang, C, Mogylnytska, L, Schmoelzer, I, Davies, J, Band, M, Struthers, A, Prázný, M, Škrha, J, Kasalová, Z, Neelotpol, S, Jahan, P, Kauschke, S, Harrop, C, Schäfer, A, Widder, J, Eigenthaler, M, Walter, U, Uchimura, I, Ikebukuro, M, Kaibara, M, Hirata, M, Helal, R, Pervin, F, Yang, X, Jansson, P, Nagaev, I, Jack, M, Carvalho, E, Sunnerhagen, K, Cam, M, Cushman, S, Smith, U, Creely, S, Farmer, J, Gustafson, B, Kusminski, C, Krusinova, E, Wohl, P, Klementova, M, Lanska, V, Mcdougall, C, Kelly, I, Abbas, Z, Lutale, J, Archibald, L, Karunajeewa, H, Stingemore, N, Stuccio, G, Mcgechie, D, Muller, L, Hak, E, Goudzwaard, W, Montorsi, F, Homering, M, Sprenger, K, Goldstein, I, Asnaghi, V, Ferrari, G, Rastaldi, M, Gabellini, D, Dell'Antonio, G, Maestroni, A, Ruggieri, D, Luzi, L, Piemonti, L, Zerbini, G, Anafaroglu, I, Tutuncu, N, Sultana, M, Siddiqua, N, Iwasaki, T, Nakajima, A, Yoneda, M, Mukasa, K, Tanaka, S, and Sekihara, H
Subjects: 0303 health sciences, medicine.medical_specialty, business.industry, EASD, Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Human physiology, medicine.disease, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Diabetes mellitus, Family medicine, Internal Medicine, Medicine, business, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, 030304 developmental biology
Published: 2004

46. Surveying the a monument system at Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory's Advanced Light Source accelerator

Author: W. Thur and T. Lauritzen
Subjects: Engineering drawing, Engineering, Commercial software, Light source, business.industry, law, Electrical engineering, Photon beams, Particle accelerator, business, law.invention, Theodolite
Abstract: Particle accelerators with demanding alignment requirements face a need for periodic re-surveying of their reference monument systems. At the ALS, significant foundation settling and the necessary relocation of some floor monuments mean that the entire system of over 100 monuments must be re-surveyed to an accuracy of 100 microns at two year intervals. Last Fall, the monument survey was conducted entirely by the in-house Survey and Alignment crew using a simplified instrument mounting system and an inexpensive commercial software package. Precision levels, plummets, theodolites, and an electronic distance measuring system were used with the innovative "Monopod" instrument mounting system in a cost effective approach to this critical task.
Published: 2002
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47. HbAlc in an unselected population of 4438 people with type 2 diabetes in a Danish county

Author: J K, Kristensen, F, Bro, A, Sandbaek, K, Dahler-Eriksen, J F, Lassen, and T, Lauritzen
Subjects: Glycated Hemoglobin, Male, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Diagnostic Tests, Routine, Denmark, Humans, Female, Registries, Middle Aged, Practice Patterns, Physicians', Family Practice, Aged, Quality of Health Care
Abstract: To describe the use and level of HbA1c in a large unselected Type 2 diabetic population in Denmark. In addition, to describe the characteristics of the patients and the general practitioners in relation to the monitoring of HbA1c.Data were collected from public data files for the period January 1993 to December 1997.The County of Vejle with a background population of 342,597 citizens, 303,250 of whom were listed with participating general practitioners.The Type 2 diabetic population alive and resident in the county on 1 January 1997.In a population of 4438 Type 2 diabetics, 73% had a minimum of one annual HbA1c measurement in 1997. No HbA1c measurement was associated with a long history of diabetes, diet treatment or old age. Poor glycaemic regulation was found in 65% of the Type 2 diabetics in 1997. Poor glycaemic regulation was associated with tablet or insulin treatment, age under 70 years and long history of diabetes. The interpractice variation was huge.The quality of HbA1c monitoring of Type 2 diabetics needs to be improved. Possibilities for improvement seem to be present.
Published: 2002

48. A randomised controlled trial of screening for adult hearing loss during preventive health checks

Author: B, Karlsmose, T, Lauritzen, M, Engberg, and A, Parving
Subjects: Adult, Male, Denmark, Hearing Tests, Health Promotion, Middle Aged, Audiometry, Hearing Loss, Noise-Induced, Surveys and Questionnaires, otorhinolaryngologic diseases, Prevalence, Humans, Mass Screening, Female, Family Practice, Life Style, Follow-Up Studies, Research Article
Abstract: BACKGROUND: Prophylactic strategies to counter acquired hearing impairment may involve routine audiometric screening of asymptomatic working-age adults attending general practice for regular health checks. AIM: To evaluate the effect of adult hearing screening on subsequent noise exposure and hearing. DESIGN OF STUDY: A randomised controlled population-based study of health checks and health discussions in general practice. SETTING: The project was initiated in the district of Ebeltoft, Aarhus county, Denmark. METHOD: Intervention group participants' hearing thresholds were determined audiometrically at 0.5, 1, 2, 3, and 4 kHz in each ear. Participants were advised to get their ears checked if the average hearing loss exceeded 20 dB hearing level (dBHL) in either ear. Noise avoidance was emphasised when thresholds exceeded 25 dBHL bilaterally at 4 kHz. Follow-up included questionnaires and audiometry. RESULTS: Hearing loss was observed among 18.9% of the study sample at baseline. At the five-year follow-up we recorded no significant differences between the control and the intervention groups regarding subjective or objective hearing, or exposure to occupational noise. However, there was a tendency towards reduction in exposure to leisure noise among intervention participants (P = 0.045). Approximately 20% reported hearing problems; 16.5% reported tinnitus-related complaints; 0.8% used hearing aids; 35.0% reported frequent noise exposure; and occluding wax was suspected in 2.1%. CONCLUSION: Preventive health checks with audiometry did not significantly affect hearing, but leisure noise exposure tended to become less frequent. The poor effect may be ascribed to inadequate audiological counselling or a higher priority to other advice, e.g. on cardiovascular risk or lifestyle.
Published: 2001

49. [How do pharmacists evaluate the newly introduced system of substituting prescriptions?]

Author: S L, Rubak, M L, Andersen, J, Mainz, P, Olesgaard, K, Laursen, M, Schaumann, and T, Lauritzen
Subjects: Adult, Male, Denmark, Workload, Middle Aged, Pharmacists, Drug Prescriptions, Drug Costs, Therapeutic Equivalency, Surveys and Questionnaires, Task Performance and Analysis, Drugs, Generic, Humans, Female
Abstract: In 1997 a new prescription system was introduced in the Danish health care system. The pharmacist must now substitute a prescription with a cheaper version of the drug (either generic or original) unless the prescribing doctor indicates that substitution is not allowed in the specific case. The purpose of this study was to evaluate problems of the system and obtain the pharmacists' views on the system. The study was based on questionnaires to a representative sample of 75 pharmacists (a quarter of Denmark's pharmacists). The response rate was 72%. Half of the pharmacists were dissatisfied with the system, which primarily was due to the excessive workload imposed. In spite of this, about half the pharmacists wanted the system to be continued, because the overall purpose of finding the cheapest drug for the patient is good. Nearly all pharmacists thought that analogue substitution (substitution between drugs with the same overall effects but obtained by different means) should not be introduced.
Published: 2000

50. [How do patients evaluate the newly introduced system of substituting prescriptions?]

Author: M L, Andersen, K, Laursen, M, Schaumann, S L, Rubak, P, Olesgaard, J, Mainz, and T, Lauritzen
Subjects: Adult, Male, Patients, Therapeutic Equivalency, Denmark, Surveys and Questionnaires, Task Performance and Analysis, Drugs, Generic, Humans, Female, Drug Prescriptions, Drug Costs
Abstract: In 1997 a new prescription system was introduced in Denmark. The pharmacist must now substitute the prescribed drug with a cheaper version either by a generic prescription (G-substitution) or by an original prescription (O-substitution) unless the prescribing doctor indicates that substitution is not allowed in the specific case. The purpose of this study was to obtain the patients' view on the new prescription system and to identify any related problems. The investigation was based on structured interviews. The interview guide was designed as a questionnaire, which was validated and tested before use. The response rate was 82%. The study showed that 84% of the patients were satisfied with the system and 85% of the patients thought that it should continue. Eighty-three percent of the patients had tried another version of the substituted medicine earlier. Out of these, 6% had experienced more side-effects from the substituted medicine, and 10% felt that the substituted medicine had a weaker effect. There was one case of erroneous medical treatment as a consequence of the substitution system. Only few problems such as more side-effects or less effect of the substituted medicine was experienced by the patients. It can be concluded that the patients in general are satisfied with the new prescription system.
Published: 2000

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