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1. Overview of ASDEX upgrade results in view of ITER and DEMO

Author: H. Zohm, E. Alessi, C. Angioni, N. Arden, V. Artigues, M. Astrain, O. Asunta, M. Balden, V. Bandaru, A. Banon Navarro, M. Bauer, A. Bergmann, M. Bergmann, J. Bernardo, M. Bernert, A. Biancalani, R. Bielajew, R. Bilato, G. Birkenmeier, T. Blanken, V. Bobkov, A. Bock, L. Bock, T. Body, T. Bolzonella, N. Bonanomi, A. Bortolon, B. Böswirth, C. Bottereau, A. Bottino, H. van den Brand, M. Brenzke, S. Brezinsek, D. Brida, F. Brochard, J. Buchanan, A. Buhler, A. Burckhart, Y. Camenen, B. Cannas, P. Cano Megías, D. Carlton, M. Carr, P. Carvalho, C. Castaldo, A. Castillo Castillo, A. Cathey, M. Cavedon, C. Cazzaniga, C. Challis, A. Chankin, A. Chomiczewska, C. Cianfarani, F. Clairet, S. Coda, R. Coelho, J.W. Coenen, L. Colas, G. Conway, S. Costea, D. Coster, T. Cote, A.J. Creely, G. Croci, D.J. Cruz Zabala, G. Cseh, I. Cziegler, O. D’Arcangelo, A. Dal Molin, P. David, C. Day, M. de Baar, P. de Marné, R. Delogu, P. Denner, A. Di Siena, M. Dibon, J.J. Dominguez-Palacios Durán, D. Dunai, M. Dreval, M. Dunne, B.P. Duval, R. Dux, T. Eich, S. Elgeti, A. Encheva, B. Esposito, E. Fable, M. Faitsch, D. Fajardo Jimenez, U. Fantz, M. Farnik, H. Faugel, F. Felici, O. Ficker, A. Figueredo, R. Fischer, O. Ford, L. Frassinetti, M. Fröschle, G. Fuchert, J.C. Fuchs, H. Fünfgelder, S. Futatani, K. Galazka, J. Galdon-Quiroga, D. Gallart Escolà, A. Gallo, Y. Gao, S. Garavaglia, M. Garcia Muñoz, B. Geiger, L. Giannone, S. Gibson, L. Gil, E. Giovannozzi, I. Girka, O. Girka, T. Gleiter, S. Glöggler, M. Gobbin, J.C. Gonzalez, J. Gonzalez Martin, T. Goodman, G. Gorini, T. Görler, D. Gradic, G. Granucci, A. Gräter, G. Grenfell, H. Greuner, M. Griener, M. Groth, O. Grover, A. Gude, L. Guimarais, S. Günter, D. Hachmeister, A.H. Hakola, C. Ham, T. Happel, N. den Harder, G. Harrer, J. Harrison, V. Hauer, T. Hayward-Schneider, B. Heinemann, P. Heinrich, T. Hellsten, S. Henderson, P. Hennequin, M. Herschel, S. Heuraux, A. Herrmann, E. Heyn, F. Hitzler, J. Hobirk, K. Höfler, S. Hörmann, J.H. Holm, M. Hölzl, C. Hopf, L. Horvath, T. Höschen, A. Houben, A. Hubbard, A. Huber, K. Hunger, V. Igochine, M. Iliasova, J. Illerhaus, K. Insulander Björk, C. Ionita-Schrittwieser, I. Ivanova-Stanik, S. Jachmich, W. Jacob, N. Jaksic, A. Jansen van Vuuren, F. Jaulmes, F. Jenko, T. Jensen, E. Joffrin, A. Kallenbach, J. Kalis, A. Kappatou, J. Karhunen, C.-P. Käsemann, S. Kasilov, Y. Kazakov, A. Kendl, W. Kernbichler, E. Khilkevitch, M. Kircher, A. Kirk, S. Kjer Hansen, V. Klevarova, F. Klossek, G. Kocsis, M. Koleva, M. Komm, M. Kong, A. Krämer-Flecken, M. Krause, I. Krebs, A. Kreuzeder, K. Krieger, O. Kudlacek, D. Kulla, T. Kurki-Suonio, B. Kurzan, B. Labit, K. Lackner, F. Laggner, A. Lahtinen, P. Lainer, P.T. Lang, P. Lauber, M. Lehnen, L. Leppin, E. Lerche, N. Leuthold, L. Li, J. Likonen, O. Linder, H. Lindl, B. Lipschultz, Y. Liu, Z. Lu, T. Luda Di Cortemiglia, N.C. Luhmann, T. Lunt, A. Lyssoivan, T. Maceina, J. Madsen, A. Magnanimo, H. Maier, J. Mailloux, R. Maingi, O. Maj, E. Maljaars, V. Maquet, A. Mancini, A. Manhard, P. Mantica, M. Mantsinen, P. Manz, M. Maraschek, C. Marchetto, M. Markl, L. Marrelli, P. Martin, F. Matos, M. Mayer, P.J. McCarthy, R. McDermott, G. Meng, R. Merkel, A. Merle, H. Meyer, M. Michelini, D. Milanesio, V. Mitterauer, P. Molina Cabrera, M. Muraca, F. Nabais, V. Naulin, R. Nazikian, R.D. Nem, R. Neu, A.H. Nielsen, S.K. Nielsen, T. Nishizawa, M. Nocente, I. Novikau, S. Nowak, R. Ochoukov, J. Olsen, P. Oyola, O. Pan, G. Papp, A. Pau, G. Pautasso, C. Paz-Soldan, M. Peglau, E. Peluso, P. Petersson, C. Piron, U. Plank, B. Plaum, B. Plöckl, V. Plyusnin, G. Pokol, E. Poli, A. Popa, L. Porte, J. Puchmayr, T. Pütterich, L. Radovanovic, M. Ramisch, J. Rasmussen, G. Ratta, S. Ratynskaia, G. Raupp, A. Redl, D. Réfy, M. Reich, F. Reimold, D. Reiser, M. Reisner, D. Reiter, B. Rettino, T. Ribeiro, D. Ricci, R. Riedl, J. Riesch, J.F. Rivero Rodriguez, G. Rocchi, P. Rodriguez-Fernandez, V. Rohde, G. Ronchi, M. Rott, M. Rubel, D.A. Ryan, F. Ryter, S. Saarelma, M. Salewski, A. Salmi, O. Samoylov, L. Sanchis Sanchez, J. Santos, O. Sauter, G. Schall, A. Schlüter, J. Scholte, K. Schmid, O. Schmitz, P.A. Schneider, R. Schrittwieser, M. Schubert, C. Schuster, N. Schwarz, T. Schwarz-Selinger, J. Schweinzer, F. Sciortino, O. Seibold-Benjak, A. Shabbir, A. Shalpegin, S. Sharapov, U. Sheikh, A. Shevelev, G. Sias, M. Siccinio, B. Sieglin, A. Sigalov, A. Silva, C. Silva, D. Silvagni, J. Simpson, S. Sipilä, A. Snicker, E. Solano, C. Sommariva, C. Sozzi, M. Spacek, G. Spizzo, M. Spolaore, A. Stegmeir, M. Stejner, D. Stieglitz, J. Stober, U. Stroth, E. Strumberger, G. Suarez Lopez, W. Suttrop, T. Szepesi, B. Tál, T. Tala, W. Tang, G. Tardini, M. Tardocchi, D. Terranova, M. Teschke, E. Thorén, W. Tierens, D. Told, W. Treutterer, G. Trevisan, M. Tripský, P. Ulbl, G. Urbanczyk, M. Usoltseva, M. Valisa, M. Valovic, S. van Mulders, M. van Zeeland, F. Vannini, B. Vanovac, P. Varela, S. Varoutis, T. Verdier, G. Verdoolaege, N. Vianello, J. Vicente, T. Vierle, E. Viezzer, I. Voitsekhovitch, U. von Toussaint, D. Wagner, X. Wang, M. Weiland, D. Wendler, A.E. White, M. Willensdorfer, B. Wiringer, M. Wischmeier, R. Wolf, E. Wolfrum, Q. Yang, C. Yoo, Q. Yu, R. Zagórski, I. Zammuto, T. Zehetbauer, W. Zhang, W. Zholobenko, A. Zibrov, M. Zilker, C.F.B. Zimmermann, A. Zito, S. Zoletnik, the EUROfusion Tokamak Exploitation Team, and the ASDEX Upgrade Team
Subjects: tokamak, MHD stability, transport modelling, radiative exhaust, disruption physics, ELM free scenarios, Nuclear and particle physics. Atomic energy. Radioactivity, QC770-798
Abstract: Experiments on ASDEX Upgrade (AUG) in 2021 and 2022 have addressed a number of critical issues for ITER and EU DEMO. A major objective of the AUG programme is to shed light on the underlying physics of confinement, stability, and plasma exhaust in order to allow reliable extrapolation of results obtained on present day machines to these reactor-grade devices. Concerning pedestal physics, the mitigation of edge localised modes (ELMs) using resonant magnetic perturbations (RMPs) was found to be consistent with a reduction of the linear peeling-ballooning stability threshold due to the helical deformation of the plasma. Conversely, ELM suppression by RMPs is ascribed to an increased pedestal transport that keeps the plasma away from this boundary. Candidates for this increased transport are locally enhanced turbulence and a locked magnetic island in the pedestal. The enhanced D-alpha (EDA) and quasi-continuous exhaust (QCE) regimes have been established as promising ELM-free scenarios. Here, the pressure gradient at the foot of the H-mode pedestal is reduced by a quasi-coherent mode, consistent with violation of the high-n ballooning mode stability limit there. This is suggestive that the EDA and QCE regimes have a common underlying physics origin. In the area of transport physics, full radius models for both L- and H-modes have been developed. These models predict energy confinement in AUG better than the commonly used global scaling laws, representing a large step towards the goal of predictive capability. A new momentum transport analysis framework has been developed that provides access to the intrinsic torque in the plasma core. In the field of exhaust, the X-Point Radiator (XPR), a cold and dense plasma region on closed flux surfaces close to the X-point, was described by an analytical model that provides an understanding of its formation as well as its stability, i.e., the conditions under which it transitions into a deleterious MARFE with the potential to result in a disruptive termination. With the XPR close to the divertor target, a new detached divertor concept, the compact radiative divertor, was developed. Here, the exhaust power is radiated before reaching the target, allowing close proximity of the X-point to the target. No limitations by the shallow field line angle due to the large flux expansion were observed, and sufficient compression of neutral density was demonstrated. With respect to the pumping of non-recycling impurities, the divertor enrichment was found to mainly depend on the ionisation energy of the impurity under consideration. In the area of MHD physics, analysis of the hot plasma core motion in sawtooth crashes showed good agreement with nonlinear 2-fluid simulations. This indicates that the fast reconnection observed in these events is adequately described including the pressure gradient and the electron inertia in the parallel Ohm’s law. Concerning disruption physics, a shattered pellet injection system was installed in collaboration with the ITER International Organisation. Thanks to the ability to vary the shard size distribution independently of the injection velocity, as well as its impurity admixture, it was possible to tailor the current quench rate, which is an important requirement for future large devices such as ITER. Progress was also made modelling the force reduction of VDEs induced by massive gas injection on AUG. The H-mode density limit was characterised in terms of safe operational space with a newly developed active feedback control method that allowed the stability boundary to be probed several times within a single discharge without inducing a disruptive termination. Regarding integrated operation scenarios, the role of density peaking in the confinement of the ITER baseline scenario (high plasma current) was clarified. The usual energy confinement scaling ITER98( p,y ) does not capture this effect, but the more recent H20 scaling does, highlighting again the importance of developing adequate physics based models. Advanced tokamak scenarios, aiming at large non-inductive current fraction due to non-standard profiles of the safety factor in combination with high normalised plasma pressure were studied with a focus on their access conditions. A method to guide the approach of the targeted safety factor profiles was developed, and the conditions for achieving good confinement were clarified. Based on this, two types of advanced scenarios (‘hybrid’ and ‘elevated’ q -profile) were established on AUG and characterised concerning their plasma performance.
Published: 2024
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2. Overview of the first Wendelstein 7-X long pulse campaign with fully water-cooled plasma facing components

Author: O. Grulke, C. Albert, J.A. Alcuson Belloso, P. Aleynikov, K. Aleynikova, A. Alonso, G. Anda, T. Andreeva, M. Arvanitou, E. Ascasibar, E. Aymerich, K. Avramidis, J.-P. Bähner, S.-G. Baek, M. Balden, J. Baldzuhn, S. Ballinger, M. Banduch, S. Bannmann, A. Bañón Navarro, L. Baylor, C.D. Beidler, M. Beurskens, C. Biedermann, G. Birkenmeier, T. Bluhm, D. Boeckenhoff, D. Boeyaert, D. Bold, M. Borchardt, D. Borodin, H.-S. Bosch, H. Bouvain, S. Bozhenkov, T. Bräuer, H. Braune, C. Brandt, S. Brezinsek, K.J. Brunner, C. Büschel, R. Bussiahn, A. Buzás, B. Buttenschoen, V. Bykov, I. Calvo, A. Cappa, F. Carovani, D. Carralero, A. Carls, B. Carvalho, D. Castaño-Bardawil, N. Chaudhary, I. Chelis, S. Chen, D. Cipciar, J.W. Coenen, G. Conway, M. Cornelissen, Y. Corre, P. Costello, K. Crombe, G. Cseh, B. Csillag, H.I. Cu Castillo, G. Czymek, H. Damm, R.J. Davies, C. Day, S. Degenkolbe, R. De Wolf, W. Dekeyser, A. Demby, P. Despontin, C.P. Dhard, A. Dinklage, F.A. d’Isa, T. Dittmar, M. Dreval, M. Drevlak, P. Drews, J. Droste, D. Dunai, C. Dyhring, P. van Eeten, E. Edlund, M. Endler, D.A. Ennis, F.J. Escoto, M.S. Espinosa, T. Estrada, D. Fehling, L. Feuerstein, J. Fellinger, Y. Feng, D.L.C. Fernando, S. Fischer, E.R. Flom, O. Ford, T. Fornal, J. Frank, H. Frerichs, G. Fuchert, G. Gantenbein, Y. Gao, K. Garcia, I. García-Cortés, J.M. García-Regaña, B. Geiger, J. Geiger, P. Geissler, M. Gerard, G. Godino-Sedano, T. Gonda, A. González, A. Goriaev, D. Gradic, M. Grahl, H. Greuner, E. Grigore, M. Gruca, J.F. Guerrero Arnaiz, V. Haak, L. van Ham, K. Hammond, B. Hamstra, X. Han, S.K. Hansen, J. Harris, D. Hartmann, D. Hathiramani, S. Hegedus, S. Heinrich, P. Helander, F. Henke, S. Henneberg, L. Henschke, M. Hirsch, U. Hoefel, K. Hoefler, S. Hoermann, K.-P. Hollfeld, A. Holtz, D. Höschen, M. Houry, J. Huang, M. Hubeny, K. Hunger, D. Hwangbo, K. Ida, Y. Igitkhanov, S. Illy, Z. Ioannidis, M. Jablczynska, S. Jablonski, B. Jabłoński, B. Jagielski, M. Jakubowski, J. Jelonnek, F. Jenko, J. Jin, A. Johansson, G. Jouniaux, S. Kajita, J.-P. Kallmeyer, U. Kamionka, W. Kasparek, C. Kawan, Ye. O. Kazakov, N. Kenmochi, W. Kernbichler, A.K. Kharwandikar, M. Khokhlov, C. Killer, A. Kirschner, R. Kleiber, C.C. Klepper, T. Klinger, J. Knauer, A. Knieps, M. Kobayashi, G. Kocsis, Y. Kolesnichenko, A. Könies, J. Kontula, P. Kornejew, S.A. Korteweg, J. Koschinsky, J. Koster, Y. Kovtun, A. Krämer-Flecken, M. Krause, T. Kremeyer, L. Krier, D.M. Kriete, M. Krychowiak, I. Ksia¸zek, M. Kubkowska, M.D. Kuczyński, D. Kulla, A. Kumar, T. Kurki-Suonio, I. Kuzmych, S. Kwak, V. Lancelotti, A. Langenberg, H. Laqua, H.P. Laqua, M.R. Larsen, S. Lazerson, C. Lechte, B. Lee, A. LeViness, M. Lewerentz, Y. Liang, L. Liao, A. Litnovsky, J. Liu, J. Loizu, R. Lopez-Cansino, L.D. Lopez Rodriguez, A. Lorenz, R. Lunsford, Y. Luo, V. Lutsenko, N. Maaziz, M. Machielsen, R. Mackenbach, D. Makowski, E. Maragkoudakis, O. Marchuk, M. Markl, S. Marsen, J. Martínez, N. Marushchenko, S. Masuzaki, D.A. Maurer, M. Mayer, K.J. McCarthy, P. McNeely, D. Medina Roque, J. Meineke, S. Meitner, S. vaz Mendes, A. Menzel-Barbara, B. van Milligen, A. Mishchenko, V. Moiseenko, A. Möller, S. Möller, D. Moseev, G. Motojima, S. Mulas, P. Mulholland, M. Nagel, D. Nagy, Y. Narbutt, D. Naujoks, P. Nelde, R. Neu, O. Neubauer, U. Neuner, D. Nicolai, S. Nielsen, C. Nührenberg, R. Ochoukov, G. Offermanns, J. Ongena, J.W. Oosterbeek, M. Otte, N. Pablant, N. Panadero Alvarez, A. Pandey, G. Partesotti, E.A. Pasch, R. Pavlichenko, E. Pawelec, T.S. Pedersen, V. Perseo, B. Peterson, F. Pisano, B. Plaum, G. Plunk, L. Podavini, N.S. Polei, P. Poloskei, S. Ponomarenko, P. Pons-Villalonga, M. Porkolab, J. Proll, M.J. Pueschel, A. Puig Sitjes, R. Ragona, K. Rahbarnia, M. Rasiński, J. Rasmussen, D. Refy, F. Reimold, M. Richou, J.S. Riemann, K. Riße, J. de la Riva Villén, G. Roberg-Clark, E. Rodriguez, V. Rohde, J. Romazanov, T. Romba, D. Rondeshagen, M. Rud, T. Ruess, T. Rummel, A. Runov, C. Ruset, N. Rust, L. Ryc, T. Rzesnicki, M. Salewski, E. Sánchez, L. Sanchis Sanchez, G. Satheeswaran, J. Schacht, E. Scharff, J. Schilling, G. Schlisio, K. Schmid, J.C. Schmitt, O. Schmitz, M. Schneider, M. Van Schoor, T. Schröder, R. Schroeder, B. Schweer, S. Sereda, B. Shanahan, G. Sias, S. Simko, L. Singh, Y. Siusko, C. Slaby, M. Śle¸czka, B.S. Smith, D.R. Smith, H. Smith, M. Spolaore, A. Spring, T. Stange, A. von Stechow, I. Stepanov, M. Stern, U. Stroth, Y. Suzuki, C. Swee, L. Syrocki, T. Szabolics, T. Szepesi, R. Takacs, H. Takahashi, N. Tamura, C. Tantos, J. Terry, S. Thiede, H. Thienpondt, H. Thomsen, M. Thumm, T. Thun, S. Togo, T. Tork, H. Trimino Mora, A. Tsikouras, Y. Turkin, L. Vano, S. Varoutis, M. Vecsei, J.L. Velasco, M. Verstraeten, M. Vervier, E. Viezzer, J. Wagner, E. Wang, F. Wang, M. Wappl, F. Warmer, T. Wegner, Y. Wei, G. Weir, N. Wendler, U. Wenzel, A. White, F. Wilms, T. Windisch, A. Winter, V. Winters, R. Wolf, G. Wurden, P. Xanthopoulos, H.M. Xiang, S. Xu, H. Yamada, J. Yang, R. Yi, M. Yokoyama, B. Zamorski, M. Zanini, M. Zarnstorff, D. Zhang, S. Zhou, J. Zhu, J. Zimmermann, A. Zocco, and S. Zoletnik
Subjects: stellarator, long-pulse operation, magnetic fusion confinement, divertor detachment, Nuclear and particle physics. Atomic energy. Radioactivity, QC770-798
Abstract: After a long device enhancement phase, scientific operation resumed in 2022. The main new device components are the water cooling of all plasma facing components and the new water-cooled high heat flux divertor units. Water cooling allowed for the first long-pulse operation campaign. A maximum discharge length of 8 min was achieved with a total heating energy of 1.3 GJ. Safe divertor operation was demonstrated in attached and detached mode. Stable detachment is readily achieved in some magnetic configurations but requires impurity seeding in configurations with small magnetic pitch angle within the edge islands. Progress was made in the characterization of transport mechanisms across edge magnetic islands: Measurement of the potential distribution and flow pattern reveals that the islands are associated with a strong poloidal drift, which leads to rapid convection of energy and particles from the last closed flux surface into the scrape-off layer. Using the upgraded plasma heating systems, advanced heating scenarios were developed, which provide improved energy confinement comparable to the scenario, in which the record triple product for stellarators was achieved in the previous operation campaign. However, a magnetic configuration-dependent critical heating power limit of the electron cyclotron resonance heating was observed. Exceeding the respective power limit leads to a degradation of the confinement.
Published: 2024
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3. Recent progress of JT-60SA project toward plasma operation

Author: H. Shirai, K. Takahashi, E. Di Pietro, D. Abate, W. Abdel Maksoud, H. Abe, N. Aiba, T. Abe, M. Akimitsu, J. Ayllon-Guerola, T. Arai, J.-F. Artaud, N. Asakura, N. Ashikawa, L. Balbinot, P. Barabaschi, O. Baulaigue, E. Belonohy, A. Belpane, W. Bin, F. Bombarda, T. Bolzonella, F. Bonne, M. Bonotto, J. Botija, J. Buermans, S. Cabrera-Pérez, A. Cardella, D. Carralero, L. Carraro, J. Cavalier, M. Cavinato, M. Chernyshova, S. Chiba, S. Clement-Lorenzo, V. Cocilovo, S. Coda, R. Coelho, I. Coffey, B. Collin, V. Corato, A. Cucchiaro, T. Czarski, M. Dairaku, S. Davis, C. Day, E. Dela Luna, G. De Tommasi, P. Decool, L. Di Pace, M. Dibon, G. Disset, F. D’Lsa, A. Ejiri, Y. Endo, N. Ezumi, G. Falchetto, A. Fassina, P. Fejoz, A. Ferro, W. Fietz, L. Figini, T. Fornal, G. Frello, T. Fujita, T. Fukuda, K. Fukui, M. Fukumoto, H. Funaba, M. Furukawa, S. Futatani, L. Gabellieri, E. Gaio, K. Galazka, J. Garcia, J. Garcia-Dominguez, J. Garcia-Lopez, M. Garcia-Munoz, L. Garzotti, F. Gasparini, S. Gharafi, L. Giacomelli, G. Ginoulhiac, G. Giruzzi, L. Giudicotti, J. Gonzalez-Martin, R. Guillén-González, N. Hajnal, S. Hall, K. Hamada, K. Hanada, M. Hanada, K. Hasegawa, S. Hatakeyama, V. Hauer, N. Hayashi, T. Hayashi, R. Heller, J. Hidalgo-Salaverri, S. Higashijima, J. Hinata, S. Hiranai, J. Hiratsuka, R. Hiwatari, C. Hoa, H. Homma, A. Honda, M. Honda, K. Hoshino, H. Hurzlmeier, M. Iafrati, K. Ibano, H. Ichige, M. Ichikawa, M. Ichimura, K. Ida, S. Ide, H. Idei, M. Iguchi, T. Iijima, S. Iio, R. Ikeda, Y. Ikeda, T. Imai, R. Imazawa, S. Inagaki, M. Inomoto, S. Inoue, A. Isayama, S. Ishida, Y. Ishii, M. Isobe, F. Janky, E. Joffrin, A. Jokinen, S. Kado, S. Kajita, K. Kajiwara, Y. Kamada, I. Kamata, A. Kaminaga, K. Kamiya, D. Kanapienyte, Y. Kashiwa, M. Kashiwagi, K. Katayama, Y. Kawamata, G. Kawamura, K. Kawano, Y. Kazakov, K. Kimura, F. Kin, M. Kisaki, S. Kitajima, K. Kiyono, K. Kizu, Y. Ko, K. Kobayashi, M. Kobayashi, S. Kobayashi, Ta. Kobayashi, To. Kobayashi, G. Kocsis, A. Kojima, S. Kokusen, M. Komata, K. Komuro, S. Konishi, A. Kovacsik, I. Ksiazek, M. Kubkowska, G. Kühner, M. Kuramochi, K. Kurihara, T. Kurki-Suonio, A.B. Kurniawan, T. Kuwata, B. Lacroix, V. Lamaison, A. Lampasi, P. Lang, P. Lauber, K. Lawson, Q. LeCoz, A. Louzguiti, R. Maekawa, T. Maekawa, S. Maeyama, G. Maffia, P. Maget, J. Mailloux, I. Maione, A. Maistrello, K. Malinowski, A. Mancini, G. Marchiori, J.-L. Marechal, V. Massaut, S. Masuzaki, R. Matoike, G. Matsunaga, S. Matsunaga, A. Matsuyama, Ch Mayri, M. Mattei, M. Medrano, A. Mele, I. Meyer, F. Michel, T. Minami, Y. Miyata, J. Miyazawa, Y. Miyo, T. Mizuuchi, K. Mogaki, J. Morales, P. Moreau, T. Morisaki, S. Morishima, S. Moriyama, A. Moro, H. Murakami, M. Murayama, S. Murakami, K. Nagasaki, O. Naito, N. Nakamura, S. Nakamura, T. Nakano, Y. Nakashima, V. Nardino, E. Narita, Y. Narushima, K. Natsume, S. Nemoto, R. Neu, S. Nicollet, M. Nishikawa, S. Nishimura, T. Nishitani, M. Nishiura, T. Nishiyama, M. Nocente, Y. Nobuta, L. Novello, F. Nunio, S. Ochoa, K. Ogawa, T. Ogawa, Y. Ogawa, S. Ohdachi, Y. Ohmori, N. Ohno, Y. Ohtani, K. Ohtsu, M. Ohzeki, T. Oishi, J. Okano, K. Okano, Y. Onishi, M. Osakabe, T. Oshima, V. Ostuni, A. Owada, M. Oya, Y. Oya, T. Ozeki, M.M. Parody Guzmán, R. Pasqualotto, S. Pelli, E. Perelli, E. Peretti, G. Phillips, C. Piccinni, L. Pigatto, A. Pironti, A. Pizzuto, B. Plöckl, G. Polli, J.-M. Poncet, P. Ponsot, G. Pucella, M. Puiatti, D. Radloff, V. Raimondi, F. Ramos, P. Rancsik, D. Ricci, S. Ricciarini, N. Richermoz, E. Rincon, A. Romano, P. Rossi, P. Roussel, G. Rubino, H. Saeki, A. Sagara, S. Sakakibara, H. Sakamoto, Miki Sakamoto, Mizu Sakamoto, Y. Sakamoto, A. Sakasai, S. Sakata, R. Sakurai, B. Salanon, A. Salmi, G. Sannazzaro, R. Sano, A. Sanpei, T. Sasajima, S. Sasaki, H. Sasao, F. Sato, M. Sato, T. Sato, M. Sawahata, A. Scherber, S. Scully, J. Segado-Fernandez, M. Seki, N. Seki, S. Seki, Y. Shibama, Y. Shibata, T. Shikama, K. Shimada, M. Shimono, J. Shinde, T. Shinya, K. Shinohara, J. Shiraishi, S. Soare, A. Soleto, Y. Someya, S. Sonoda, C. Sozzi, E. Streciwilk-Kowalska, H. Strobel, M. Sueoka, A. Sukegawa, S. Sumida, H. Suzuki, Ma Suzuki, Mi Suzuki, S. Suzuki, T. Suzuki, Y. Suzuki, J. Svoboda, T. Szabolics, T. Szepesi, Y. Takase, M. Takechi, K. Takeda, Y. Takeiri, H. Takenaga, C. Taliercio, N. Tamura, Hiro Tanaka, Hito Tanaka, K. Tanaka, Y. Tanaka, K. Tani, H. Tanigawa, M. Tardocchi, A. Terakado, M. Terakado, T. Terakado, B. Teuchner, B. Tilia, H. Tobari, H. Tobita, K. Tobita, K. Toi, N. Toida, H. Tojo, M. Tokitani, T. Tokuzawa, V. Tormarchio, M. Tomine, A. Torre, T. Totsuka, K. Tsuchiya, N. Tsujii, D. Tsuru, H. Tsutsui, M. Uchida, Y. Ueda, J. Uno, H. Urano, K. Usui, H. Utoh, M. Valisa, M. Vallar, R. Vallcorba-Carbonel, J.-C. Vallet, J. Varela, J. Vega, M. Verrecchia, L. Vieillard, F. Villone, P. Vincenzi, K. Wada, R. Wada, T. Wakatsuki, M. Wanner, F. Watanabe, K. Watanabe, S. Watanabe, T. Wauters, S. Wiesen, M. Wischmeier, M. Yagi, J. Yagyu, M. Yajima, S. Yamamoto, H. Yamanaka, K. Yamauchi, Y. Yamauchi, H. Yamazaki, K. Yamazaki, R. Yamazaki, S. Yamoto, S. Yanagi, K. Yanagihara, S. Yokooka, M. Yokoyama, T. Yokoyama, M. Yoshida, M. Yoshimura, N. Yoshizawa, K. Yuinawa, L. Zani, and P. Zito
Subjects: JT-60SA, superconducting tokamak, risk mitigation measures, integrated commissioning, maintenance and enhancement, international collaboration, Nuclear and particle physics. Atomic energy. Radioactivity, QC770-798
Abstract: Superconducting (SC) tokamak JT-60SA plays an essential role in fusion research and development by supporting and complementing the ITER project, providing directions to the DEMO design activity and fostering next generation scientists and engineers. Since the short circuit incident at the terminal joints of equilibrium field coil #1 during the integrated commissioning (IC) in March 2021, both EU and JA implementing agencies (IAs) have examined how to ensure safe operation of JT-60SA by mitigating the risk of possible discharge occurrence inside the cryostat. Based on the experience of the global Paschen tests, the IAs have established a strategy of risk mitigation measures, which is a combination of (i) reinforcement of insulation, (ii) avoiding unnecessary voltage application to the coil systems and (iii) immediate de-energization of the coils when deteriorated vacuum conditions are detected. Thanks to the considerable efforts of the Integrated Project Team members, the IC restarted in May 2023. After confirmation of the SC state of the coil systems (TF, EF and CS), the coil energization test and the plasma operation phase 1 (OP-1) started. The first plasma was successfully achieved on 23 October 2023 with a limited value of voltage and current applied to the coils. The plasma configuration control was also confirmed with low plasma current and low auxiliary heating power conditions. Based on the IO–F4E–QST collaboration, activities of JT-60SA have been shared with the IO and provided an important lesson for ITER assembly and commissioning, and will provide an outstanding contribution to fusion research at large. After OP-1, maintenance & enhancement phase 1 (M/E-1) starts from January 2024, in which in-vessel components are installed, and heating and diagnostic systems are extensively upgraded to allow a high power heating experiment planned in OP-2. In order to make the best use of JT-60SA, a newly organized JT-60SA experiment team will refine the research plan for the future high heating power operation phase.
Published: 2024
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4. Physics affecting heavy impurity migration in tokamaks: Benchmarking test-ion code ASCOT against TEXTOR tracer experiment

Author: A. Weckmann, T. Kurki-Suonio, K. Särkimäki, J. Romazanov, A. Kirschner, A. Hakola, M. Airila, A. Kreter, and S. Brezinsek
Subjects: Nuclear engineering. Atomic power, TK9001-9401
Abstract: Erosion, transport and deposition of wall impurities are major concerns in future magnetic fusion devices, both from the perspective of the fusion plasma and the machine wall. An extensive study on molybdenum transport and deposition performed in the TEXTOR tokamak yielded a detailed deposition map that is ideal for benchmark deposition studies. A qualitative benchmark is attempted in this article with the ASCOT code.We set up a full 3D model of the TEXTOR tokamak and studied the influence of different physical mechanisms and their strengths on molybdenum deposition patterns on the simulated plasma-facing components: atomic processes, Coulomb collisions, scrape-off layer (SOL) profiles, source distribution, marker starting energy, radial electric field strength, SOL flow and toroidal plasma rotation. The outcome comprises 13 simulations, each with 100,000 markers.The findings are: • Toroidal plasma movement, either within the LCFS or as SOL flow, is negligible. • SOL profile and marker starting energy have modest impact on deposition. • Source distribution has a large impact in combination with radial electric field profiles. • The E⇀×B⇀ drift has the highest impact on the deposition profiles.
Published: 2019
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5. Estimate of 3D power wall loads due to Neutral Beam Injection in EU DEMO ramp-up phase

Author: P. Vincenzi, J. Varje, P. Agostinetti, J.F. Artaud, T. Bolzonella, T. Kurki-Suonio, M. Mattei, P. Sonato, and M. Vallar
Subjects: Nuclear engineering. Atomic power, TK9001-9401
Abstract: Heating and current drive systems such as high energy Neutral Beam Injection (NBI) are being considered for pulsed EU DEMO (“DEMO1”) pre-conceptual design. Their aim is to provide auxiliary power, not only during flat-top, but also during transient phases (i.e. plasma current ramp-up and ramp-down).In this work, NBI fast particle power loads on DEMO1 first wall, due to shine-through and orbit losses, are calculated for the diverted plasma ramp-up phase. Numerical simulations are performed using BBNBI and ASCOT Monte Carlo codes. The simulations have been done using a complete 3D wall geometry, and implementing the latest DEMO NBI design, which foresees NBI at 800 keV particle energy. Location and power density of NBI-related power loads at different ramp-up time steps are evaluated and compared with the maximum tolerable heat flux taken from ITER case. Since NBI shine-through losses (dominant during low density phases) depend mainly on the beam energy, plasma density and volume, DEMO has a more favourable situation than ITER, enlarging NBI operational window. Using ITER criteria, DEMO NBI at full energy and power could be switched on during ramp-up at ~ 1.3 × 1019 m-3. This increases the appeal of neutral beam injectors as auxiliary power systems for DEMO.
Published: 2019
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6. Review on global migration, fuel retention and modelling after TEXTOR decommission

Author: A. Weckmann, P. Petersson, M. Rubel, P. Ström, T. Kurki-Suonio, K. Särkimäki, A. Kirschner, A. Kreter, S. Brezinsek, J. Romazanov, P. Wienhold, A. Pospieszczyk, A. Hakola, and M. Airila
Subjects: Nuclear engineering. Atomic power, TK9001-9401
Abstract: ABSTRACT: Before decommissioning of the TEXTOR tokamak in 2013, the machine was conditioned with a comprehensive migration experiment where MoF6 and 15N2 were injected on the very last operation day. Thereafter, all plasma-facing components (PFCs) were available for extensive studies of both local and global migration of impurities – Mo, W, Inconel alloy constituents, 15 N, F – and fuel retention studies. Measurements were performed on 140 limiter tiles out of 864 throughout the whole machine to map global transport. One fifth of the introduced molybdenum could be found. Wherever possible, the findings are compared to results obtained previously in other machines. This review incorporates both published and unpublished results from this TEXTOR study and combines findings with analytical methods as well as modelling results from two codes, ERO and ASCOT. The main findings are: • Both local and global molybdenum transport can be explained by toroidal plasma flow and E⇀×B⇀ drift. The suggested transport scheme for molybdenum holds also for other analysed species, namely tungsten from previous experiments and medium-Z metals (Cr-Cu) introduced on various occasions. • Analytical interpretation of several deposition profile features is possible with basic geometrical and plasma physics considerations. These are deposition profiles on the collector probe, the lower part of the inner bumper limiter, the poloidal cross-section of the inner bumper limiter, and the poloidal limiter. • Any deposition pattern found in this TEXTOR study, including fuel retention, has neither poloidal nor toroidal symmetry, which is often assumed when determining deposition profiles on global scale. • Fuel retention is highly inhomogeneous due to local variation of plasma parameters – by auxiliary heating systems and impurity injection – and PFC temperature. • Local modelling with ERO yields good qualitative agreement but too high local deposition efficiency. • Global modelling with ASCOT shows that the radial electric field and source form have a high impact on global deposition patterns, while toroidal flow has little influence. Some of the experimental findings could be reproduced. Still, qualitative differences between simulated and experimental global deposition patterns remain.The review closes with lessons learnt during this extensive TEXTOR study which might be helpful for future scientific exploitation of other tokamaks to be decommissioned. Keywords: Global migration, Tokamak, high-Z material, Molybdenum, Modelling, ASCOT, ERO, Fuel retention, Deposition
Published: 2018
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7. ERO and PIC simulations of gross and net erosion of tungsten in the outer strike-point region of ASDEX Upgrade

Author: A. Hakola, M.I. Airila, N. Mellet, M. Groth, J. Karhunen, T. Kurki-Suonio, T. Makkonen, H. Sillanpää, G. Meisl, and M. Oberkofler
Subjects: Nuclear engineering. Atomic power, TK9001-9401
Abstract: We have modelled net and gross erosion of W in low-density l-mode plasmas in the low-field side strike point region of ASDEX Upgrade by ERO and Particle-in-Cell (PIC) simulations. The observed net-erosion peak at the strike point was mainly due to the light impurities present in the plasma while the noticeable net-deposition regions surrounding the erosion maximum could be attributed to the strong E ×B drift and the magnetic field bringing eroded particles from a distance of several meters towards the private flux region. Our results also imply that the role of cross-field diffusion is very small in the studied plasmas. The simulations indicate net/gross erosion ratio of 0.2–0.6, which is in line with the literature data and what was determined spectroscopically. The deviations from the estimates extracted from post-exposure ion-beam-analysis data (∼0.6–0.7) are most likely due to the measured re-deposition patterns showing the outcomes of multiple erosion-deposition cycles. Keywords: ASDEX Upgrade, Tungsten erosion, ERO modelling, PIC simulations, Particle drifts, Cross-field diffusion
Published: 2017
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8. Modelling neutral beams in fusion devices: Beamlet-based model for fast particle simulations.

Author: Otto Asunta, Joonas Govenius, Robert Budny, M. Gorelenkova, G. Tardini, T. Kurki-Suonio, A. Salmi, and Seppo Sipilä
Published: 2015
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9. Global scaling of the heat transport in fusion plasmas

Author: Sara Moradi, Johan Anderson, Michele Romanelli, Hyun-Tae Kim, JET contributors, X. Litaudon, S. Abduallev, M. Abhangi, P. Abreu, M. Afzal, K. M. Aggarwal, T. Ahlgren, J. H. Ahn, L. Aho-Mantila, N. Aiba, M. Airila, R. Albanese, V. Aldred, D. Alegre, E. Alessi, P. Aleynikov, A. Alfier, A. Alkseev, M. Allinson, B. Alper, E. Alves, G. Ambrosino, R. Ambrosino, L. Amicucci, V. Amosov, E. Andersson Sundén, M. Angelone, M. Anghel, C. Angioni, L. Appel, C. Appelbee, P. Arena, M. Ariola, H. Arnichand, S. Arshad, A. Ash, N. Ashikawa, V. Aslanyan, O. Asunta, F. Auriemma, Y. Austin, L. Avotina, M. D. Axton, C. Ayres, M. Bacharis, A. Baciero, D. Baião, S. Bailey, A. Baker, I. Balboa, M. Balden, N. Balshaw, R. Bament, J. W. Banks, Y. F. Baranov, M. A. Barnard, D. Barnes, M. Barnes, R. Barnsley, A. Baron Wiechec, L. Barrera Orte, M. Baruzzo, V. Basiuk, M. Bassan, R. Bastow, A. Batista, P. Batistoni, R. Baughan, B. Bauvir, L. Baylor, B. Bazylev, J. Beal, P. S. Beaumont, M. Beckers, B. Beckett, A. Becoulet, N. Bekris, M. Beldishevski, K. Bell, F. Belli, M. Bellinger, É. Belonohy, N. Ben Ayed, N. A. Benterman, H. Bergsȧker, J. Bernardo, M. Bernert, M. Berry, L. Bertalot, C. Besliu, M. Beurskens, B. Bieg, J. Bielecki, T. Biewer, M. Bigi, P. Bìlkovà, F. Binda, A. Bisoffi, J. P. S. Bizarro, C. Björkas, J. Blackburn, K. Blackman, T. R. Blackman, P. Blanchard, P. Blatchford, V. Bobkov, A. Boboc, G. Bodnàr, O. Bogar, I. Bolshakova, T. Bolzonella, N. Bonanomi, F. Bonelli, J. Boom, J. Booth, D. Borba, D. Borodin, I. Borodkina, A. Botrugno, C. Bottereau, P. Boulting, C. Bourdelle, M. Bowden, C. Bower, C. Bowman, T. Boyce, C. Boyd, H. J. Boyer, J. M. A. Bradshaw, V. Braic, R. Bravanec, B. Breizman, S. Bremond, P. D. Brennan, S. Breton, A. Brett, S. Brezinsek, M. D. J. Bright, M. Brix, W. Broeckx, M. Brombin, A. Brosawski, D. P. D. Brown, M. Brown, E. Bruno, J. Bucalossi, J. Buch, J. Buchanan, M. A. Buckley, R. Budny, H. Bufferand, M. Bulman, N. Bulmer, P. Bunting, P. Buratti, A. Burckhart, A. Buscarino, A. Busse, N. K. Butler, I. Bykov, J. Byrne, P. Cahyna, G. Calabrò, I. Calvo, Y. Camenen, P. Camp, D. C. Campling, J. Cane, B. Cannas, A. J. Capel, P. J. Card, A. Cardinali, P. Carman, M. Carr, D. Carralero, L. Carraro, B. B. Carvalho, I. Carvalho, P. Carvalho, F. J. Casson, C. Castaldo, N. Catarino, J. Caumont, F. Causa, R. Cavazzana, K. Cave-Ayland, M. Cavinato, M. Cecconello, S. Ceccuzzi, E. Cecil, A. Cenedese, R. Cesario, C. D. Challis, M. Chandler, D. Chandra, C. S. Chang, A. Chankin, I. T. Chapman, S. C. Chapman, M. Chernyshova, G. Chitarin, G. Ciraolo, D. Ciric, J. Citrin, F. Clairet, E. Clark, M. Clark, R. Clarkson, D. Clatworthy, C. Clements, M. Cleverly, J. P. Coad, P. A. Coates, A. Cobalt, V. Coccorese, V. Cocilovo, S. Coda, R. Coelho, J. W. Coenen, I. Coffey, L. Colas, S. Collins, D. Conka, S. Conroy, N. Conway, D. Coombs, D. Cooper, S. R. Cooper, C. Corradino, Y. Corre, G. Corrigan, S. Cortes, D. Coster, A. S. Couchman, M. P. Cox, T. Craciunescu, S. Cramp, R. Craven, F. Crisanti, G. Croci, D. Croft, K. Crombé, R. Crowe, N. Cruz, G. Cseh, A. Cufar, A. Cullen, M. Curuia, A. Czarnecka, H. Dabirikhah, P. Dalgliesh, S. Dalley, J. Dankowski, D. Darrow, O. Davies, W. Davis, C. Day, I. E. Day, M. De Bock, A. de Castro, E. de la Cal, E. de la Luna, G. De Masi, J. L. de Pablos, G. De Temmerman, G. De Tommasi, P. de Vries, K. Deakin, J. Deane, F. Degli Agostini, R. Dejarnac, E. Delabie, N. den Harder, R. O. Dendy, J. Denis, P. Denner, S. Devaux, P. Devynck, F. Di Maio, A. Di Siena, C. Di Troia, P. Dinca, R. Dinca, B. Ding, T. Dittmar, H. Doerk, R. P. Doerner, T. Donné, S. E. Dorling, S. Dormido-Canto, S. Doswon, D. Douai, P. T. Doyle, A. Drenik, P. Drewelow, P. Drews, Ph. Duckworth, R. Dumont, P. Dumortier, D. Dunai, M. Dunne, I. Duran, F. Durodié, P. Dutta, B. P. Duval, R. Dux, K. Dylst, N. Dzysiuk, P. V. Edappala, J. Edmond, A. M. Edwards, J. Edwards, Th. Eich, A. Ekedahl, R. El-Jorf, C. G. Elsmore, M. Enachescu, G. Ericsson, F. Eriksson, J. Eriksson, L. G. Eriksson, B. Esposito, S. Esquembri, H. G. Esser, D. Esteve, B. Evans, G. E. Evans, G. Evison, G. D. Ewart, D. Fagan, M. Faitsch, D. Falie, A. Fanni, A. Fasoli, J. M. Faustin, N. Fawlk, L. Fazendeiro, N. Fedorczak, R. C. Felton, K. Fenton, A. Fernades, H. Fernandes, J. Ferreira, J. A. Fessey, O. Février, O. Ficker, A. Field, S. Fietz, A. Figueiredo, J. Figueiredo, A. Fil, P. Finburg, M. Firdaouss, U. Fischer, L. Fittill, M. Fitzgerald, D. Flammini, J. Flanagan, C. Fleming, K. Flinders, N. Fonnesu, J. M. Fontdecaba, A. Formisano, L. Forsythe, L. Fortuna, E. Fortuna-Zalesna, M. Fortune, S. Foster, T. Franke, T. Franklin, M. Frasca, L. Frassinetti, M. Freisinger, R. Fresa, D. Frigione, V. Fuchs, D. Fuller, S. Futatani, J. Fyvie, K. Gàl, D. Galassi, K. Galazka, J. Galdon-Quiroga, J. Gallagher, D. Gallart, R. Galvão, X. Gao, Y. Gao, J. Garcia, A. Garcia-Carrasco, M. Garca-Munoz, J.-L. Gardarein, L. Garzotti, P. Gaudio, E. Gauthier, D. F. Gear, S. 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Hazel, P. J. L. Heesterman, K. Heinola, C. Hellesen, T. Hellsten, W. Helou, O. N. Hemming, T. C. Hender, M. Henderson, S. S. Henderson, R. Henriques, D. Hepple, G. Hermon, P. Hertout, C. Hidalgo, E. G. Highcock, M. Hill, J. Hillairet, J. Hillesheim, D. Hillis, K. Hizanidis, A. Hjalmarsson, J. Hobirk, E. Hodille, C. H. A. Hogben, G. M. D. Hogeweij, A. Hollingsworth, S. Hollis, D. A. Homfray, J. Horàcek, G. Hornung, A. R. Horton, L. D. Horton, L. Horvath, S. P. Hotchin, M. R. Hough, P. J. Howarth, A. Hubbard, A. Huber, V. Huber, T. M. Huddleston, M. Hughes, G. T. A. Huijsmans, C. L. Hunter, P. Huynh, A. M. Hynes, D. Iglesias, N. Imazawa, F. Imbeaux, M. Imrìŝek, M. Incelli, P. Innocente, M. Irishkin, I. Ivanova-Stanik, S. Jachmich, A. S. Jacobsen, P. Jacquet, J. Jansons, A. Jardin, A. Järvinen, F. Jaulmes, S. Jednoróq, I. Jenkins, C. Jeong, I. Jepu, E. Joffrin, R. Johnson, T. Johnson, Jane Johnston, L. Joita, G. Jones, T. T. C. Jones, K. K. Hoshino, A. Kallenbach, K. Kamiya, J. Kaniewski, A. Kantor, A. Kappatou, J. Karhunen, D. Karkinsky, I. Karnowska, M. Kaufman, G. Kaveney, Y. Kazakov, V. Kazantzidis, D. L. Keeling, T. Keenan, J. Keep, M. Kempenaars, C. Kennedy, D. Kenny, J. Kent, O. N. Kent, E. Khilkevich, H. T. Kim, H. S. Kim, A. Kinch, C. King, D. King, R. F. King, D. J. Kinna, V. Kiptily, A. Kirk, K. Kirov, A. Kirschner, G. Kizane, C. Klepper, A. Klix, P. Knight, S. J. Knipe, S. Knott, T. Kobuchi, F. Köchl, G. Kocsis, I. Kodeli, L. Kogan, D. Kogut, S. Koivuranta, Y. Kominis, M. Köppen, B. Kos, T. Koskela, H. R. Koslowski, M. Koubiti, M. Kovari, E. Kowalska-Strzeciwilk, A. Krasilnikov, V. Krasilnikov, N. Krawczyk, M. Kresina, K. Krieger, A. Krivska, U. Kruezi, I. Ksiazek, A. Kukushkin, A. Kundu, T. Kurki-Suonio, S. Kwak, R. Kwiatkowski, O. J. Kwon, L. Laguardia, A. Lahtinen, A. Laing, N. Lam, H. T. Lambertz, C. Lane, P. T. Lang, S. Lanthaler, J. Lapins, A. Lasa, J. R. Last, E. Laszynska, R. Lawless, A. Lawson, K. D. Lawson, A. Lazaros, E. Lazzaro, J. 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Ul-Abidin, J. Uljanovs, D. Ulyatt, H. Urano, I. Uytdenhouwen, A. P. Vadgama, D. Valcarcel, M. Valentinuzzi, M. Valisa, P. Vallejos Olivares, M. Valovic, M. Van De Mortel, D. Van Eester, W. Van Renterghem, G. J. van Rooij, J. Varje, S. Varoutis, S. Vartanian, K. Vasava, T. Vasilopoulou, J. Vega, G. Verdoolaege, R. Verhoeven, C. Verona, G. Verona Rinati, E. Veshchev, N. Vianello, J. Vicente, E. Viezzer, S. Villari, F. Villone, P. Vincenzi, I. Vinyar, B. Viola, A. Vitins, Z. Vizvary, M. Vlad, I. Voitsekhovitch, P. Vondràcek, N. Vora, T. Vu, W. W. Pires de Sa, B. Wakeling, C. W. F. Waldon, N. Walkden, M. Walker, R. Walker, M. Walsh, E. Wang, N. Wang, S. Warder, R. J. Warren, J. Waterhouse, N. W. Watkins, C. Watts, T. Wauters, A. Weckmann, J. Weiland, H. Weisen, M. Weiszflog, C. Wellstood, A. T. West, M. R. Wheatley, S. Whetham, A. M. Whitehead, B. D. Whitehead, A. M. Widdowson, S. Wiesen, J. Wilkinson, J. Williams, M. Williams, A. R. Wilson, D. J. Wilson, H. R. Wilson, J. Wilson, M. Wischmeier, G. Withenshaw, A. Withycombe, D. M. Witts, D. Wood, R. Wood, C. Woodley, S. Wray, J. Wright, J. C. Wright, J. Wu, S. Wukitch, A. Wynn, T. Xu, D. Yadikin, W. Yanling, L. Yao, V. Yavorskij, M. G. Yoo, C. Young, D. Young, I. D. Young, R. Young, J. Zacks, R. Zagorski, F. S. Zaitsev, R. Zanino, A. Zarins, K. D. Zastrow, M. Zerbini, W. Zhang, Y. Zhou, E. Zilli, V. Zoita, S. Zoletnik, and I. Zychor
Subjects: Physics, QC1-999
Abstract: A global heat flux model based on a fractional derivative of plasma pressure is proposed for the heat transport in fusion plasmas. The degree of the fractional derivative of the heat flux, α, is defined through the power balance analysis of the steady state. The model was used to obtain the experimental values of α for a large database of the Joint European Torus (JET) carbon-wall as well as ITER like-wall plasmas. The fractional degrees of the electron heat flux are found to be α
Published: 2020
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10. ASCOT: Solving the kinetic equation of minority particle species in tokamak plasmas.

Author: Eero Hirvijoki, Otto Asunta, Tuomas Koskela, T. Kurki-Suonio, J. Miettunen, Seppo Sipilä, A. Snicker, and Simppa äkäslompolo
Published: 2014
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11. Synthetic Doppler spectroscopy and curvilinear camera diagnostics in the ERO code.

Author: T. Makkonen, Mathias Groth, M. I. Airila, R. Dux, A. Janzer, T. Kurki-Suonio, T. Lunt, H. W. Mueller, T. Puetterich, and Eleonora Viezzer
Published: 2013
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12. Alfvén Eigenmodes and Neoclassical tearing modes for orbit-following implementations.

Author: Eero Hirvijoki, A. Snicker, Tuomas Korpilo, P. Lauber, Emanuele Poli, M. Schneller, and T. Kurki-Suonio
Published: 2012
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13. Progress from ASDEX Upgrade experiments in preparing the physics basis of ITER operation and DEMO scenario development

Author: U. Stroth, D. Aguiam, E. Alessi, C. Angioni, N. Arden, R. Arredondo Parra, V. Artigues, O. Asunta, M. Balden, V. Bandaru, A. Banon-Navarro, K. Behler, A. Bergmann, M. Bergmann, J. Bernardo, M. Bernert, A. Biancalani, R. Bielajew, R. Bilato, G. Birkenmeier, T. Blanken, V. Bobkov, A. Bock, T. Body, T. Bolzonella, N. Bonanomi, A. Bortolon, B. Böswirth, C. Bottereau, A. Bottino, H. van den Brand, M. Brenzke, S. Brezinsek, D. Brida, F. Brochard, C. Bruhn, J. Buchanan, A. Buhler, A. Burckhart, Y. Camenen, B. Cannas, P. Cano Megias, D. Carlton, M. Carr, P. Carvalho, C. Castaldo, M. Cavedon, C. Cazzaniga, C. Challis, A. Chankin, C. Cianfarani, F. Clairet, S. Coda, R. Coelho, J.W. Coenen, L. Colas, G. Conway, S. Costea, D. Coster, T. Cote, A.J. Creely, G. Croci, D.J. Cruz Zabala, G. Cseh, A. Czarnecka, I. Cziegler, O. D’Arcangelo, A. Dal Molin, P. David, C. Day, M. de Baar, P. de Marné, R. Delogu, S. Denk, P. Denner, A. Di Siena, J.J. Dominguez Palacios Durán, D. Dunai, A. Drenik, M. Dreval, R. Drube, M. Dunne, B.P. Duval, R. Dux, T. Eich, S. Elgeti, A. Encheva, K. Engelhardt, B. Erdös, I. Erofeev, B. Esposito, E. Fable, M. Faitsch, U. Fantz, M. Farnik, H. Faugel, F. Felici, O. Ficker, S. Fietz, A. Figueredo, R. Fischer, O. Ford, L. Frassinetti, M. Fröschle, G. Fuchert, J.C. Fuchs, H. Fünfgelder, S. Futatani, K. Galazka, J. Galdon-Quiroga, D. Gallart Escolà, A. Gallo, Y. Gao, S. Garavaglia, M. Garcia Muñoz, B. Geiger, L. Giannone, S. Gibson, L. Gil, E. Giovannozzi, S. Glöggler, M. Gobbin, J. Gonzalez Martin, T. Goodman, G. Gorini, T. Görler, D. Gradic, G. Granucci, A. Gräter, H. Greuner, M. Griener, M. Groth, A. Gude, L. Guimarais, S. Günter, G. Haas, A.H. Hakola, C. Ham, T. Happel, N. den Harder, G. Harrer, J. Harrison, V. Hauer, T. Hayward-Schneider, B. Heinemann, T. Hellsten, S. Henderson, P. Hennequin, A. Herrmann, E. Heyn, F. Hitzler, J. Hobirk, K. Höfler, J.H. Holm, M. Hölzl, C. Hopf, L. Horvath, T. Höschen, A. Houben, A. Hubbard, A. Huber, K. Hunger, V. Igochine, M. Iliasova, T. Ilkei, K. Insulander Björk, C. Ionita-Schrittwieser, I. Ivanova-Stanik, W. Jacob, N. Jaksic, F. Janky, A. Jansen van Vuuren, A. Jardin, F. Jaulmes, F. Jenko, T. Jensen, E. Joffrin, A. Kallenbach, S. Kálvin, M. Kantor, A. Kappatou, O. Kardaun, J. Karhunen, C.-P. Käsemann, S. Kasilov, A. Kendl, W. Kernbichler, E. Khilkevitch, A. Kirk, S. Kjer Hansen, V. Klevarova, G. Kocsis, M. Koleva, M. Komm, M. Kong, A. Krämer-Flecken, K. Krieger, A. Krivska, O. Kudlacek, T. Kurki-Suonio, B. Kurzan, B. Labit, K. Lackner, F. Laggner, A. Lahtinen, P.T. Lang, P. Lauber, N. Leuthold, L. Li, J. Likonen, O. Linder, B. Lipschultz, Y. Liu, A. Lohs, Z. Lu, T. Luda di Cortemiglia, N.C. Luhmann, T. Lunt, A. Lyssoivan, T. Maceina, J. Madsen, A. Magnanimo, H. Maier, J. Mailloux, R. Maingi, O. Maj, E. Maljaars, P. Manas, A. Mancini, A. Manhard, P. Mantica, M. Mantsinen, P. Manz, M. Maraschek, C. Marchetto, L. Marrelli, P. Martin, A. Martitsch, F. Matos, M. Mayer, M.-L. Mayoral, D. Mazon, P.J. McCarthy, R. McDermott, R. Merkel, A. Merle, D. Meshcheriakov, H. Meyer, D. Milanesio, P. Molina Cabrera, F. Monaco, M. Muraca, F. Nabais, V. Naulin, R. Nazikian, R.D. Nem, A. Nemes-Czopf, G. Neu, R. Neu, A.H. Nielsen, S.K. Nielsen, T. Nishizawa, M. Nocente, J.-M. Noterdaeme, I. Novikau, S. Nowak, M. Oberkofler, R. Ochoukov, J. Olsen, F. Orain, F. Palermo, O. Pan, G. Papp, I. Paradela Perez, A. Pau, G. Pautasso, C. Paz-Soldan, P. Petersson, P. Piovesan, C. Piron, U. Plank, B. Plaum, B. Plöck, V. Plyusnin, G. Pokol, E. Poli, L. Porte, T. Pütterich, M. Ramisch, J. Rasmussen, G. Ratta, S. Ratynskaia, G. Raupp, D. Réfy, M. Reich, F. Reimold, D. Reiser, M. Reisner, D. Reiter, T. Ribeiro, R. Riedl, J. Riesch, D. Rittich, J.F. Rivero Rodriguez, G. Rocchi, P. Rodriguez-Fernandez, M. Rodriguez-Ramos, V. Rohde, G. Ronchi, A. Ross, M. Rott, M. Rubel, D.A. Ryan, F. Ryter, S. Saarelma, M. Salewski, A. Salmi, O. Samoylov, L. Sanchis Sanchez, J. Santos, O. Sauter, G. Schall, K. Schlüter, K. Schmid, O. Schmitz, P.A. Schneider, R. Schrittwieser, M. Schubert, C. Schuster, T. Schwarz-Selinger, J. Schweinzer, E. Seliunin, A. Shabbir, A. Shalpegin, S. Sharapov, U. Sheikh, A. Shevelev, G. Sias, M. Siccinio, B. Sieglin, A. Sigalov, A. Silva, C. Silva, D. Silvagni, J. Simpson, S. Sipilä, E. Smigelskis, A. Snicker, E. Solano, C. Sommariva, C. Sozzi, G. Spizzo, M. Spolaore, A. Stegmeir, M. Stejner, J. Stober, E. Strumberge, G. Suarez Lopez, H.-J. Sun, W. Suttrop, E. Sytova, T. Szepesi, B. Tál, T. Tala, G. Tardini, M. Tardocchi, D. Terranova, M. Teschke, E. Thorén, W. Tierens, D. Told, W. Treutterer, G. Trevisan, E. Trier, M. Tripský, M. Usoltceva, M. Valisa, M. Valovic, M. van Zeeland, F. Vannini, B. Vanovac, P. Varela, S. Varoutis, N. Vianello, J. Vicente, G. Verdoolaege, T. Vierle, E. Viezzer, I. Voitsekhovitch, U. von Toussaint, D. Wagner, X. Wang, M. Weiland, A.E. White, M. Willensdorfer, B. Wiringer, M. Wischmeier, R. Wolf, E. Wolfrum, Q. Yang, Q. Yu, R. Zagórski, I. Zammuto, T. Zehetbauer, W. Zhang, W. Zholobenko, M. Zilker, A. Zito, H. Zohm, S. Zoletnik, the EUROfusion MST1 Team, Max-Planck-Institut für Plasmaphysik [Garching] (IPP), Institut de Recherche sur la Fusion par confinement Magnétique (IRFM), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Aix Marseille Université (AMU), Laboratoire de Physique des Plasmas (LPP), Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École polytechnique (X)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), EUROfusion MST1 Team, Barcelona Supercomputing Center, Department of Applied Physics, Aalto-yliopisto, Aalto University, Stroth, U, Aguiam, D, Alessi, E, Angioni, C, Arden, N, Parra, R, Artigues, V, Asunta, O, Balden, M, Bandaru, V, Banon-Navarro, A, Behler, K, Bergmann, A, Bergmann, M, Bernardo, J, Bernert, M, Biancalani, A, Bielajew, R, Bilato, R, Birkenmeier, G, Blanken, T, Bobkov, V, Bock, A, Body, T, Bolzonella, T, Bonanomi, N, Bortolon, A, Boswirth, B, Bottereau, C, Bottino, A, Van Den Brand, H, Brenzke, M, Brezinsek, S, Brida, D, Brochard, F, Bruhn, C, Buchanan, J, Buhler, A, Burckhart, A, Camenen, Y, Cannas, B, Megias, P, Carlton, D, Carr, M, Carvalho, P, Castaldo, C, Cavedon, M, Cazzaniga, C, Challis, C, Chankin, A, Cianfarani, C, Clairet, F, Coda, S, Coelho, R, Coenen, J, Colas, L, Conway, G, Costea, S, Coster, D, Cote, T, Creely, A, Croci, G, Zabala, D, Cseh, G, Czarnecka, A, Cziegler, I, D'Arcangelo, O, Molin, A, David, P, Day, C, De Baar, M, De Marne, P, Delogu, R, Denk, S, Denner, P, Di Siena, A, Palacios Duran, J, Dunai, D, Drenik, A, Dreval, M, Drube, R, Dunne, M, Duval, B, Dux, R, Eich, T, Elgeti, S, Encheva, A, Engelhardt, K, Erdos, B, Erofeev, I, Esposito, B, Fable, E, Faitsch, M, Fantz, U, Farnik, M, Faugel, H, Felici, F, Ficker, O, Fietz, S, Figueredo, A, Fischer, R, Ford, O, Frassinetti, L, Froschle, M, Fuchert, G, Fuchs, J, Funfgelder, H, Futatani, S, Galazka, K, Galdon-Quiroga, J, Escola, D, Gallo, A, Gao, Y, Garavaglia, S, Munoz, M, Geiger, B, Giannone, L, Gibson, S, Gil, L, Giovannozzi, E, Gloggler, S, Gobbin, M, Martin, J, Goodman, T, Gorini, G, Gorler, T, Gradic, D, Granucci, G, Grater, A, Greuner, H, Griener, M, Groth, M, Gude, A, Guimarais, L, Gunter, S, Haas, G, Hakola, A, Ham, C, Happel, T, Den Harder, N, Harrer, G, Harrison, J, Hauer, V, Hayward-Schneider, T, Heinemann, B, Hellsten, T, Henderson, S, Hennequin, P, Herrmann, A, Heyn, E, Hitzler, F, Hobirk, J, Hofler, K, Holm, J, Holzl, M, Hopf, C, Horvath, L, Hoschen, T, Houben, A, Hubbard, A, Huber, A, Hunger, K, Igochine, V, Iliasova, M, Ilkei, T, Bjork, K, Ionita-Schrittwieser, C, Ivanova-Stanik, I, Jacob, W, Jaksic, N, Janky, F, Jansen Van Vuuren, A, Jardin, A, Jaulmes, F, Jenko, F, Jensen, T, Joffrin, E, Kallenbach, A, Kalvin, S, Kantor, M, Kappatou, A, Kardaun, O, Karhunen, J, Kasemann, C, Kasilov, S, Kendl, A, Kernbichler, W, Khilkevitch, E, Kirk, A, Hansen, S, Klevarova, V, Kocsis, G, Koleva, M, Komm, M, Kong, M, Kramer-Flecken, A, Krieger, K, Krivska, A, Kudlacek, O, Kurki-Suonio, T, Kurzan, B, Labit, B, Lackner, K, Laggner, F, Lahtinen, A, Lang, P, Lauber, P, Leuthold, N, Li, L, Likonen, J, Linder, O, Lipschultz, B, Liu, Y, Lohs, A, Lu, Z, Luda Di Cortemiglia, T, Luhmann, N, Lunt, T, Lyssoivan, A, Maceina, T, Madsen, J, Magnanimo, A, Maier, H, Mailloux, J, Maingi, R, Maj, O, Maljaars, E, Manas, P, Mancini, A, Manhard, A, Mantica, P, Mantsinen, M, Manz, P, Maraschek, M, Marchetto, C, Marrelli, L, Martin, P, Martitsch, A, Matos, F, Mayer, M, Mayoral, M, Mazon, D, Mccarthy, P, Mcdermott, R, Merkel, R, Merle, A, Meshcheriakov, D, Meyer, H, Milanesio, D, Cabrera, P, Monaco, F, Muraca, M, Nabais, F, Naulin, V, Nazikian, R, Nem, R, Nemes-Czopf, A, Neu, G, Neu, R, Nielsen, A, Nielsen, S, Nishizawa, T, Nocente, M, Noterdaeme, J, Novikau, I, Nowak, S, Oberkofler, M, Ochoukov, R, Olsen, J, Orain, F, Palermo, F, Pan, O, Papp, G, Perez, I, Pau, A, Pautasso, G, Paz-Soldan, C, Petersson, P, Piovesan, P, Piron, C, Plank, U, Plaum, B, Plock, B, Plyusnin, V, Pokol, G, Poli, E, Porte, L, Putterich, T, Ramisch, M, Rasmussen, J, Ratta, G, Ratynskaia, S, Raupp, G, Refy, D, Reich, M, Reimold, F, Reiser, D, Reisner, M, Reiter, D, Ribeiro, T, Riedl, R, Riesch, J, Rittich, D, Rodriguez, J, Rocchi, G, Rodriguez-Fernandez, P, Rodriguez-Ramos, M, Rohde, V, Ronchi, G, Ross, A, Rott, M, Rubel, M, Ryan, D, Ryter, F, Saarelma, S, Salewski, M, Salmi, A, Samoylov, O, Sanchez, L, Santos, J, Sauter, O, Schall, G, Schluter, K, Schmid, K, Schmitz, O, Schneider, P, Schrittwieser, R, Schubert, M, Schuster, C, Schwarz-Selinger, T, Schweinzer, J, Seliunin, E, Shabbir, A, Shalpegin, A, Sharapov, S, Sheikh, U, Shevelev, A, Sias, G, Siccinio, M, Sieglin, B, Sigalov, A, Silva, A, Silva, C, Silvagni, D, Simpson, J, Sipila, S, Smigelskis, E, Snicker, A, Solano, E, Sommariva, C, Sozzi, C, Spizzo, G, Spolaore, M, Stegmeir, A, Stejner, M, Stober, J, Strumberge, E, Lopez, G, Sun, H, Suttrop, W, Sytova, E, Szepesi, T, Tal, B, Tala, T, Tardini, G, Tardocchi, M, Terranova, D, Teschke, M, Thoren, E, Tierens, W, Told, D, Treutterer, W, Trevisan, G, Trier, E, Tripsky, M, Usoltceva, M, Valisa, M, Valovic, M, Van Zeeland, M, Vannini, F, Vanovac, B, Varela, P, Varoutis, S, Vianello, N, Vicente, J, Verdoolaege, G, Vierle, T, Viezzer, E, Voitsekhovitch, I, Von Toussaint, U, Wagner, D, Wang, X, Weiland, M, White, A, Willensdorfer, M, Wiringer, B, Wischmeier, M, Wolf, R, Wolfrum, E, Yang, Q, Yu, Q, Zagorski, R, Zammuto, I, Zehetbauer, T, Zhang, W, Zholobenko, W, Zilker, M, Zito, A, Zohm, H, and Zoletnik, S
Subjects: Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Asdex Upgrade, confinement, ELLM-free discharges, sol, Computer science, Nuclear engineering, ALCATOR C-MOD, UPPER DIVERTOR, ASDEX Upgrade, Physics::Plasma Physics, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-PLASM-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Plasma Physics [physics.plasm-ph], Simulació per ordinador, alcator c-mod, ddc:530, upper divertor, ELLM-free discharge, SOL, Basis (linear algebra), Physics, turbulence, transition, h-mode plasmas, Condensed Matter Physics, ddc, Informàtica::Aplicacions de la informàtica::Aplicacions informàtiques a la física i l‘enginyeria [Àrees temàtiques de la UPC], Fusion reactors, Physics and Astronomy, CONFINEMENT MODES, H-MODE PLASMAS, Physics::Space Physics, Nuclear fusion, TURBULENCE, ddc:620, confinement modes, TRANSITION
Abstract: An overview of recent results obtained at the tokamak ASDEX Upgrade (AUG) is given. A work flow for predictive profile modelling of AUG discharges was established which is able to reproduce experimental H-mode plasma profiles based on engineering parameters only. In the plasma center, theoretical predictions on plasma current redistribution by a dynamo effect were confirmed experimentally. For core transport, the stabilizing effect of fast ion distributions on turbulent transport is shown to be important to explain the core isotope effect and improves the description of hollow low-Z impurity profiles. The L–H power threshold of hydrogen plasmas is not affected by small helium admixtures and it increases continuously from the deuterium to the hydrogen level when the hydrogen concentration is raised from 0 to 100%. One focus of recent campaigns was the search for a fusion relevant integrated plasma scenario without large edge localised modes (ELMs). Results from six different ELM-free confinement regimes are compared with respect to reactor relevance: ELM suppression by magnetic perturbation coils could be attributed to toroidally asymmetric turbulent fluctuations in the vicinity of the separatrix. Stable improved confinement mode plasma phases with a detached inner divertor were obtained using a feedback control of the plasma β. The enhanced Dα H-mode regime was extended to higher heating power by feedback controlled radiative cooling with argon. The quasi-coherent exhaust regime was developed into an integrated scenario at high heating power and energy confinement, with a detached divertor and without large ELMs. Small ELMs close to the separatrix lead to peeling-ballooning stability and quasi continuous power exhaust. Helium beam density fluctuation measurements confirm that transport close to the separatrix is important to achieve the different ELM-free regimes. Based on separatrix plasma parameters and interchange-drift-Alfvén turbulence, an analytic model was derived that reproduces the experimentally found important operational boundaries of the density limit and between L- and H-mode confinement. Feedback control for the X-point radiator (XPR) position was established as an important element for divertor detachment control. Stable and detached ELM-free phases with H-mode confinement quality were obtained when the XPR was moved 10 cm above the X-point. Investigations of the plasma in the future flexible snow-flake divertor of AUG by means of first SOLPS-ITER simulations with drifts activated predict beneficial detachment properties and the activation of an additional strike point by the drifts. This work has been carried out within the framework of the EUROfusion Consortium and has received funding from the Euratom research and training programme 2014–2018 and 2019–2020 under Grant Agreement No. 633053. The views and opinions expressed herein do not necessarily reflect those of the European Commission. Peer Reviewed "Article signat per més de 50 autors/es: U. Stroth, D. Aguiam, E. Alessi, C. Angioni, N. Arden, R. Arredondo Parra, V. Artigues, O. Asunta, M. Balden, V. Bandaru, A. Banon-Navarro, K. Behler, A. Bergmann, M. Bergmann, J. Bernardo, M. Bernert, A. Biancalani, R. Bielajew, R. Bilato, G. Birkenmeier, T. Blanken, V. Bobkov, A. Bock, T. Body, T. Bolzonella, N. Bonanomi, A. Bortolon, B. Böswirth, C. Bottereau, A. Bottino, H. van den Brand, M. Brenzke, S. Brezinsek, D. Brida, F. Brochard, C. Bruhn, J. Buchanan, A. Buhler, A. Burckhart, Y. Camenen, B. Cannas, P. Cano Megias, D. Carlton, M. Carr, P. Carvalho, C. Castaldo, M. Cavedon, C. Cazzaniga, C. Challis, A. Chankin, C. Cianfarani, F. Clairet, S. Coda, R. Coelho, J.W. Coenen, L. Colas, G. Conway, S. Costea, D. Coster, T. Cote, A.J. Creely, G. Croci, D.J. Cruz Zabala, G. Cseh, A. Czarnecka, I. Cziegler, O. D'Arcangelo, A. Dal Molin, P. David, C. Day, M. de Baar, P. de Marné, R. Delogu, S. Denk, P. Denner, A. Di Siena, J.J. Dominguez Palacios Durán, D. Dunai, A. Drenik, M. Dreval, R. Drube, M. Dunne, B.P. Duval, R. Dux, T. Eich, S. Elgeti, A. Encheva, K. Engelhardt, B. Erdös, I. Erofeev, B. Esposito, E. Fable, M. Faitsch, U. Fantz, M. Farnik, H. Faugel, F. Felici, O. Ficker, S. Fietz, A. Figueredo, R. Fischer, O. Ford, L. Frassinetti, M. Fröschle, G. Fuchert, J.C. Fuchs, H. Fünfgelder, S. Futatani, K. Galazka, J. Galdon-Quiroga, D. Gallart Escolà, A. Gallo10, Y. Gao11, S. Garavaglia3, M. Garcia Muñoz16, B. Geiger21, L. Giannone1, S. Gibson32, L. Gil2, E. Giovannozzi18, S. Glöggler1, M. Gobbin8, J. Gonzalez Martin, T. Goodman, G. Gorini, T. Görler, D. Gradic, G. Granucci, A. Gräter, H. Greuner, M. Griener, M. Groth, A. Gude, L. Guimarais, S. Günter, G. Haas, A.H. Hakola, C. Ham, T. Happel, N. den Harder, G. Harrer, J. Harrison, V. Hauer, T. Hayward-Schneider, B. Heinemann, T. Hellsten, S. Henderson, P. Hennequin, A. Herrmann, E. Heyn, F. Hitzler, J. Hobirk, K. Höfler, J.H. Holm, M. Hölzl, C. Hopf, L. Horvath, T. Höschen, A. Houben, A. Hubbard, A. Huber, K. Hunger, V. Igochine, M. Iliasova, T. Ilkei, K. Insulander Björk, C. Ionita-Schrittwieser, I. Ivanova-Stanik, W. Jacob, N. Jaksic, F. Janky, A. Jansen van Vuuren, A. Jardin, F. Jaulmes, F. Jenko, T. Jensen, E. Joffrin, A. Kallenbach, S. Kálvin, M. Kantor, A. Kappatou, O. Kardaun, J. Karhunen4, C.-P. Käsemann, S. Kasilov, A. Kendl, W. Kernbichler, E. Khilkevitch, A. Kirk, S. Kjer Hansen, V. Klevarova, G. Kocsis, M. Koleva, M. Komm, M. Kong, A. Krämer-Flecken, K. Krieger, A. Krivska, O. Kudlacek, T. Kurki-Suonio, B. Kurzan, B. Labit, K. Lackner, F. Laggner, A. Lahtinen, P.T. Lang, P. Lauber, N. Leuthold, L. Li, J. Likonen, O. Linder, B. Lipschultz, Y. Liu, A. Lohs, Z. Lu, T. Luda di Cortemiglia, N.C. Luhmann, T. Lunt, A. Lyssoivan, T. Maceina, J. Madsen, A. Magnanimo, H. Maier, J. Mailloux, R. Maingi, O. Maj, E. Maljaars, P. Manas, A. Mancini, A. Manhard, P. Mantica, M. Mantsinen, P. Manz, M. Maraschek, C. Marchetto, L. Marrelli, P. Martin, A. Martitsch, F. Matos, M. Mayer, M.-L. Mayoral, D. Mazon, P.J. McCarthy, R. McDermott, R. Merkel, A. Merle, D. Meshcheriakov, H. Meyer, D. Milanesio, P. Molina Cabrera, F. Monaco, M. Muraca, F. Nabais, V. Naulin, R. Nazikian, R.D. Nem, A. Nemes-Czopf, G. Neu, R. Neu, A.H. Nielsen, S.K. Nielsen, T. Nishizawa, M. Nocente, J.-M. Noterdaeme, I. Novikau, S. Nowak, M. Oberkofler, R. Ochoukov, J. Olsen, F. Orain, F. Palermo, O. Pan, G. Papp, I. Paradela Perez, A. Pau, G. Pautasso, C. Paz-Soldan, P. Petersson, P. Piovesan, C. Piron, U. Plank, B. Plaum, B. Plöck, V. Plyusnin, G. Pokol, E. Poli, L. Porte, T. Pütterich, M. Ramisch, J. Rasmussen, G. Ratta, S. Ratynskaia, G. Raupp, D. Réfy, M. Reich1, F. Reimold, D. Reiser, M. Reisner, D. Reiter, T. Ribeiro, R. Riedl, J. Riesch, D. Rittich, J.F. Rivero Rodriguez, G. Rocchi, P. Rodriguez-Fernandez, M. Rodriguez-Ramos, V. Rohde, G. Ronchi, A. Ross, M. Rott, M. Rubel, D.A. Ryan, F. Ryter, S. Saarelma, M. Salewski, A. Salmi, O. Samoylov, L. Sanchis Sanchez, J. Santos, O. Sauter, G. Schall, K. Schlüter, K. Schmid, O. Schmitz, P.A. Schneider, R. Schrittwieser, M. Schubert, C. Schuster, T. Schwarz-Selinger, J. Schweinzer, E. Seliunin, A. Shabbir, A. Shalpegin, S. Sharapov, U. Sheikh, A. Shevelev, G. Sias, M. Siccinio, B. Sieglin, A. Sigalov, A. Silva, C. Silva, D. Silvagni, J. Simpson, S. Sipilä, E. Smigelskis, A. Snicker, E. Solano, C. Sommariva, C. Sozzi, G. Spizzo, M. Spolaore, A. Stegmeir, M. Stejner, J. Stober, E. Strumberge1, G. Suarez Lopez, H.-J. Sun, W. Suttrop, E. Sytova, T. Szepesi, B. Tál, T. Tala, G. Tardini, M. Tardocchi, D. Terranova, M. Teschke, E. Thorén, W. Tierens, D. Told, W. Treutterer, G. Trevisan, E. Trier, M. Tripský, M. Usoltceva, M. Valisa, M. Valovic, M. van Zeeland, F. Vannini, B. Vanovac, P. Varela, S. Varoutis, N. Vianello, J. Vicente, G. Verdoolaege, T. Vierle, E. Viezzer, I. Voitsekhovitch, U. von Toussaint, D. Wagner, X. Wang, M. Weiland, A.E. White, M. Willensdorfer, B. Wiringer, M. Wischmeier, R. Wolf, E. Wolfrum, Q. Yang, Q. Yu, R. Zagórski, I. Zammuto, T. Zehetbauer, W. Zhang, W. Zholobenko, M. Zilker, A. Zito, H. Zohm, S. Zoletnik and the EUROfusion MST1 Team "
Published: 2022
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14. Experimental confirmation of efficient island divertor operation and successful neoclassical transport optimization in Wendelstein 7-X

Author: Thomas Sunn Pedersen, I. Abramovic, P. Agostinetti, M. Agredano Torres, S. Äkäslompolo, J. Alcuson Belloso, P. Aleynikov, K. Aleynikova, M. Alhashimi, A. Ali, N. Allen, A. Alonso, G. Anda, T. Andreeva, C. Angioni, A. Arkhipov, A. Arnold, W. Asad, E. Ascasibar, M.-H. Aumeunier, K. Avramidis, E. Aymerich, S.-G. Baek, J. Bähner, A. Baillod, M. Balden, J. Baldzuhn, S. Ballinger, M. Banduch, S. Bannmann, A. Banon Navarro, A. Bañón Navarro, T. Barbui, C. Beidler, C. Belafdil, A. Bencze, A. Benndorf, M. Beurskens, C. Biedermann, O. Biletskyi, B. Blackwell, M. Blatzheim, T. Bluhm, D. Böckenhoff, G. Bongiovi, M. Borchardt, D. Borodin, J. Boscary, H. Bosch, T. Bosmann, B. Böswirth, L. Böttger, A. Bottino, S. Bozhenkov, R. Brakel, C. Brandt, T. Bräuer, H. Braune, S. Brezinsek, K. Brunner, S. Buller, R. Burhenn, R. Bussiahn, B. Buttenschön, A. Buzás, V. Bykov, I. Calvo, K. Camacho Mata, I. Caminal, B. Cannas, A. Cappa, A. Carls, F. Carovani, M. Carr, D. Carralero, B. Carvalho, J. Casas, D. Castano-Bardawil, F. Castejon, N. Chaudhary, I. Chelis, A. Chomiczewska, J.W. Coenen, M. Cole, F. Cordella, Y. Corre, K. Crombe, G. Cseh, B. Csillag, H. Damm, C. Day, M. de Baar, E. De la Cal, S. Degenkolbe, A. Demby, S. Denk, C. Dhard, A. Di Siena, A. Dinklage, T. Dittmar, M. Dreval, M. Drevlak, P. Drewelow, P. Drews, D. Dunai, E. Edlund, F. Effenberg, G. Ehrke, M. Endler, D.A. Ennis, F.J. Escoto, T. Estrada, E. Fable, N. Fahrenkamp, A. Fanni, J. Faustin, J. Fellinger, Y. Feng, W. Figacz, E. Flom, O. Ford, T. Fornal, H. Frerichs, S. Freundt, G. Fuchert, M. Fukuyama, F. Füllenbach, G. Gantenbein, Y. Gao, K. Garcia, J.M. García Regaña, I. García-Cortés, J. Gaspar, D.A. Gates, J. Geiger, B. Geiger, L. Giudicotti, A. González, A. Goriaev, D. Gradic, M. Grahl, J.P. Graves, J. Green, E. Grelier, H. Greuner, S. Groß, H. Grote, M. Groth, M. Gruca, O. Grulke, M. Grün, J. Guerrero Arnaiz, S. Günter, V. Haak, M. Haas, P. Hacker, A. Hakola, A. Hallenbert, K. Hammond, X. Han, S.K. Hansen, J.H. Harris, H. Hartfuß, D. Hartmann, D. Hathiramani, R. Hatzky, J. Hawke, S. Hegedus, B. Hein, B. Heinemann, P. Helander, S. Henneberg, U. Hergenhahn, C. Hidalgo, F. Hindenlang, M. Hirsch, U. Höfel, K.P. Hollfeld, A. Holtz, D. Hopf, D. Höschen, M. Houry, J. Howard, X. Huang, M. Hubeny, S. Hudson, K. Ida, Y. Igitkhanov, V. Igochine, S. Illy, C. Ionita-Schrittwieser, M. Isobe, M. Jabłczyńska, S. Jablonski, B. Jagielski, M. Jakubowski, A. Jansen van Vuuren, J. Jelonnek, F. Jenko, T. Jensen, H. Jenzsch, P. Junghanns, J. Kaczmarczyk, J. Kallmeyer, U. Kamionka, M. Kandler, S. Kasilov, Y. Kazakov, D. Kennedy, A. Kharwandikar, M. Khokhlov, C. Kiefer, C. Killer, A. Kirschner, R. Kleiber, T. Klinger, S. Klose, J. Knauer, A. Knieps, F. Köchl, G. Kocsis, Ya.I. Kolesnichenko, A. Könies, R. König, J. Kontula, P. Kornejew, J. Koschinsky, M.M. Kozulia, A. Krämer-Flecken, R. Krampitz, M. Krause, N. Krawczyk, T. Kremeyer, L. Krier, D.M. Kriete, M. Krychowiak, I. Ksiazek, M. Kubkowska, M. Kuczynski, G. Kühner, A. Kumar, T. Kurki-Suonio, S. Kwak, M. Landreman, P.T. Lang, A. Langenberg, H.P. Laqua, H. Laqua, R. Laube, S. Lazerson, M. Lewerentz, C. Li, Y. Liang, Ch. Linsmeier, J. Lion, A. Litnovsky, S. Liu, J. Lobsien, J. Loizu, J. Lore, A. Lorenz, U. Losada, F. Louche, R. Lunsford, V. Lutsenko, M. Machielsen, F. Mackel, J. Maisano-Brown, O. Maj, D. Makowski, G. Manduchi, E. Maragkoudakis, O. Marchuk, S. Marsen, E. Martines, J. Martinez-Fernandez, M. Marushchenko, S. Masuzaki, D. Maurer, M. Mayer, K.J. McCarthy, O. Mccormack, P. McNeely, H. Meister, B. Mendelevitch, S. Mendes, A. Merlo, A. Messian, A. Mielczarek, O. Mishchenko, B. Missal, R. Mitteau, V.E. Moiseenko, A. Mollen, V. Moncada, T. Mönnich, T. Morisaki, D. Moseev, G. Motojima, S. Mulas, M. Mulsow, M. Nagel, D. Naujoks, V. Naulin, T. Neelis, H. Neilson, R. Neu, O. Neubauer, U. Neuner, D. Nicolai, S.K. Nielsen, H. Niemann, T. Nishiza, T. Nishizawa, C. Nührenberg, R. Ochoukov, J. Oelmann, G. Offermanns, K. Ogawa, S. Okamura, J. Ölmanns, J. Ongena, J. Oosterbeek, M. Otte, N. Pablant, N. Panadero Alvarez, A. Pandey, E. Pasch, R. Pavlichenko, A. Pavone, E. Pawelec, G. Pechstein, G. Pelka, V. Perseo, B. Peterson, D. Pilopp, S. Pingel, F. Pisano, B. Plöckl, G. Plunk, P. Pölöskei, B. Pompe, A. Popov, M. Porkolab, J. Proll, M.J. Pueschel, M.-E. Puiatti, A. Puig Sitjes, F. Purps, K. Rahbarnia, M. Rasiński, J. Rasmussen, A. Reiman, F. Reimold, M. Reisner, D. Reiter, M. Richou, R. Riedl, J. Riemann, K. Riße, G. Roberg-Clark, V. Rohde, J. Romazanov, D. Rondeshagen, P. Rong, L. Rudischhauser, T. Rummel, K. Rummel, A. Runov, N. Rust, L. Ryc, P. Salembier, M. Salewski, E. Sanchez, S. Satake, G. Satheeswaran, J. Schacht, E. Scharff, F. Schauer, J. Schilling, G. Schlisio, K. Schmid, J. Schmitt, O. Schmitz, W. Schneider, M. Schneider, P. Schneider, R. Schrittwieser, T. Schröder, M. Schröder, R. Schroeder, B. Schweer, D. Schwörer, E. Scott, B. Shanahan, G. Sias, P. Sichta, M. Singer, P. Sinha, S. Sipliä, C. Slaby, M. Sleczka, H. Smith, J. Smoniewski, E. Sonnendrücker, M. Spolaore, A. Spring, R. Stadler, D. Stańczak, T. Stange, I. Stepanov, L. Stephey, J. Stober, U. Stroth, E. Strumberger, C. Suzuki, Y. Suzuki, J. Svensson, T. Szabolics, T. Szepesi, M. Szücs, F.L. Tabarés, N. Tamura, A. Tancetti, C. Tantos, J. Terry, H. Thienpondt, H. Thomsen, M. Thumm, J.M. Travere, P. Traverso, J. Tretter, E. Trier, H. Trimino Mora, T. Tsujimura, Y. Turkin, A. Tykhyi, B. Unterberg, P. van Eeten, B.Ph. van Milligen, M. van Schoor, L. Vano, S. Varoutis, M. Vecsei, L. Vela, J.L. Velasco, M. Vervier, N. Vianello, H. Viebke, R. Vilbrandt, G. Vogel, N. Vogt, C. Volkhausen, A. von Stechow, F. Wagner, E. Wang, H. Wang, F. Warmer, T. Wauters, L. Wegener, T. Wegner, G. Weir, U. Wenzel, A. White, F. Wilde, F. Wilms, T. Windisch, M. Winkler, A. Winter, V. Winters, R. Wolf, A.M. Wright, G.A. Wurden, P. Xanthopoulos, S. Xu, H. Yamada, H. Yamaguchi, M. Yokoyama, M. Yoshinuma, Q. Yu, M. Zamanov, M. Zanini, M. Zarnstorff, D. Zhang, S. Zhou, J. Zhu, C. Zhu, M. Zilker, A. Zocco, H. Zohm, S. Zoletnik, L. Zsuga, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya. Departament de Teoria del Senyal i Comunicacions, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya. GPI - Grup de Processament d'Imatge i Vídeo, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya. GREO - Grup de Recerca en Enginyeria Òptica, Pedersen, T, Abramovic, I, Agostinetti, P, Torres, M, Akaslompolo, S, Belloso, J, Aleynikov, P, Aleynikova, K, Alhashimi, M, Ali, A, Allen, N, Alonso, A, Anda, G, Andreeva, T, Angioni, C, Arkhipov, A, Arnold, A, Asad, W, Ascasibar, E, Aumeunier, M, Avramidis, K, Aymerich, E, Baek, S, Bahner, J, Baillod, A, Balden, M, Baldzuhn, J, Ballinger, S, Banduch, M, Bannmann, S, Navarro, A, Barbui, T, Beidler, C, Belafdil, C, Bencze, A, Benndorf, A, Beurskens, M, Biedermann, C, Biletskyi, O, Blackwell, B, Blatzheim, M, Bluhm, T, Bockenhoff, D, Bongiovi, G, Borchardt, M, Borodin, D, Boscary, J, Bosch, H, Bosmann, T, Boswirth, B, Bottger, L, Bottino, A, Bozhenkov, S, Brakel, R, Brandt, C, Brauer, T, Braune, H, Brezinsek, S, Brunner, K, Buller, S, Burhenn, R, Bussiahn, R, Buttenschon, B, Buzas, A, Bykov, V, Calvo, I, Mata, K, Caminal, I, Cannas, B, Cappa, A, Carls, A, Carovani, F, Carr, M, Carralero, D, Carvalho, B, Casas, J, Castano-Bardawil, D, Castejon, F, Chaudhary, N, Chelis, I, Chomiczewska, A, Coenen, J, Cole, M, Cordella, F, Corre, Y, Crombe, K, Cseh, G, Csillag, B, Damm, H, Day, C, de Baar, M, De la Cal, E, Degenkolbe, S, Demby, A, Denk, S, Dhard, C, Di Siena, A, Dinklage, A, Dittmar, T, Dreval, M, Drevlak, M, Drewelow, P, Drews, P, Dunai, D, Edlund, E, Effenberg, F, Ehrke, G, Endler, M, Ennis, D, Escoto, F, Estrada, T, Fable, E, Fahrenkamp, N, Fanni, A, Faustin, J, Fellinger, J, Feng, Y, Figacz, W, Flom, E, Ford, O, Fornal, T, Frerichs, H, Freundt, S, Fuchert, G, Fukuyama, M, Fullenbach, F, Gantenbein, G, Gao, Y, Garcia, K, Regana, J, Garcia-Cortes, I, Gaspar, J, Gates, D, Geiger, J, Geiger, B, Giudicotti, L, Gonzalez, A, Goriaev, A, Gradic, D, Grahl, M, Graves, J, Green, J, Grelier, E, Greuner, H, Gross, S, Grote, H, Groth, M, Gruca, M, Grulke, O, Grun, M, Arnaiz, J, Gunter, S, Haak, V, Haas, M, Hacker, P, Hakola, A, Hallenbert, A, Hammond, K, Han, X, Hansen, S, Harris, J, Hartfuss, H, Hartmann, D, Hathiramani, D, Hatzky, R, Hawke, J, Hegedus, S, Hein, B, Heinemann, B, Helander, P, Henneberg, S, Hergenhahn, U, Hidalgo, C, Hindenlang, F, Hirsch, M, Hofel, U, Hollfeld, K, Holtz, A, Hopf, D, Hoschen, D, Houry, M, Howard, J, Huang, X, Hubeny, M, Hudson, S, Ida, K, Igitkhanov, Y, Igochine, V, Illy, S, Ionita-Schrittwieser, C, Isobe, M, Jablczynska, M, Jablonski, S, Jagielski, B, Jakubowski, M, van Vuuren, A, Jelonnek, J, Jenko, F, Jensen, T, Jenzsch, H, Junghanns, P, Kaczmarczyk, J, Kallmeyer, J, Kamionka, U, Kandler, M, Kasilov, S, Kazakov, Y, Kennedy, D, Kharwandikar, A, Khokhlov, M, Kiefer, C, Killer, C, Kirschner, A, Kleiber, R, Klinger, T, Klose, S, Knauer, J, Knieps, A, Kochl, F, Kocsis, G, Kolesnichenko, Y, Konies, A, Konig, R, Kontula, J, Kornejew, P, Koschinsky, J, Kozulia, M, Kramer-Flecken, A, Krampitz, R, Krause, M, Krawczyk, N, Kremeyer, T, Krier, L, Kriete, D, Krychowiak, M, Ksiazek, I, Kubkowska, M, Kuczynski, M, Kuhner, G, Kumar, A, Kurki-Suonio, T, Kwak, S, Landreman, M, Lang, P, Langenberg, A, Laqua, H, Laube, R, Lazerson, S, Lewerentz, M, Li, C, Liang, Y, Linsmeier, C, Lion, J, Litnovsky, A, Liu, S, Lobsien, J, Loizu, J, Lore, J, Lorenz, A, Losada, U, Louche, F, Lunsford, R, Lutsenko, V, Machielsen, M, Mackel, F, Maisano-Brown, J, Maj, O, Makowski, D, Manduchi, G, Maragkoudakis, E, Marchuk, O, Marsen, S, Martines, E, Martinez-Fernandez, J, Marushchenko, M, Masuzaki, S, Maurer, D, Mayer, M, Mccarthy, K, Mccormack, O, Mcneely, P, Meister, H, Mendelevitch, B, Mendes, S, Merlo, A, Messian, A, Mielczarek, A, Mishchenko, O, Missal, B, Mitteau, R, Moiseenko, V, Mollen, A, Moncada, V, Monnich, T, Morisaki, T, Moseev, D, Motojima, G, Mulas, S, Mulsow, M, Nagel, M, Naujoks, D, Naulin, V, Neelis, T, Neilson, H, Neu, R, Neubauer, O, Neuner, U, Nicolai, D, Nielsen, S, Niemann, H, Nishiza, T, Nishizawa, T, Nuhrenberg, C, Ochoukov, R, Oelmann, J, Offermanns, G, Ogawa, K, Okamura, S, Olmanns, J, Ongena, J, Oosterbeek, J, Otte, M, Pablant, N, Alvarez, N, Pandey, A, Pasch, E, Pavlichenko, R, Pavone, A, Pawelec, E, Pechstein, G, Pelka, G, Perseo, V, Peterson, B, Pilopp, D, Pingel, S, Pisano, F, Plockl, B, Plunk, G, Poloskei, P, Pompe, B, Popov, A, Porkolab, M, Proll, J, Pueschel, M, Puiatti, M, Sitjes, A, Purps, F, Rahbarnia, K, Rasinski, M, Rasmussen, J, Reiman, A, Reimold, F, Reisner, M, Reiter, D, Richou, M, Riedl, R, Riemann, J, Risse, K, Roberg-Clark, G, Rohde, V, Romazanov, J, Rondeshagen, D, Rong, P, Rudischhauser, L, Rummel, T, Rummel, K, Runov, A, Rust, N, Ryc, L, Salembier, P, Salewski, M, Sanchez, E, Satake, S, Satheeswaran, G, Schacht, J, Scharff, E, Schauer, F, Schilling, J, Schlisio, G, Schmid, K, Schmitt, J, Schmitz, O, Schneider, W, Schneider, M, Schneider, P, Schrittwieser, R, Schroder, T, Schroder, M, Schroeder, R, Schweer, B, Schworer, D, Scott, E, Shanahan, B, Sias, G, Sichta, P, Singer, M, Sinha, P, Siplia, S, Slaby, C, Sleczka, M, Smith, H, Smoniewski, J, Sonnendrucker, E, Spolaore, M, Spring, A, Stadler, R, Stanczak, D, Stange, T, Stepanov, I, Stephey, L, Stober, J, Stroth, U, Strumberger, E, Suzuki, C, Suzuki, Y, Svensson, J, Szabolics, T, Szepesi, T, Szucs, M, Tabares, F, Tamura, N, Tancetti, A, Tantos, C, Terry, J, Thienpondt, H, Thomsen, H, Thumm, M, Travere, J, Traverso, P, Tretter, J, Trier, E, Mora, H, Tsujimura, T, Turkin, Y, Tykhyi, A, Unterberg, B, van Eeten, P, van Milligen, B, van Schoor, M, Vano, L, Varoutis, S, Vecsei, M, Vela, L, Velasco, J, Vervier, M, Vianello, N, Viebke, H, Vilbrandt, R, Vogel, G, Vogt, N, Volkhausen, C, von Stechow, A, Wagner, F, Wang, E, Wang, H, Warmer, F, Wauters, T, Wegener, L, Wegner, T, Weir, G, Wenzel, U, White, A, Wilde, F, Wilms, F, Windisch, T, Winkler, M, Winter, A, Winters, V, Wolf, R, Wright, A, Wurden, G, Xanthopoulos, P, Xu, S, Yamada, H, Yamaguchi, H, Yokoyama, M, Yoshinuma, M, Yu, Q, Zamanov, M, Zanini, M, Zarnstorff, M, Zhang, D, Zhou, S, Zhu, J, Zhu, C, Zilker, M, Zocco, A, Zohm, H, Zoletnik, S, Zsuga, L, Fusion and Plasma Physics, Department of Applied Physics, National Institute for Fusion Science, Aalto-yliopisto, Aalto University, Science and Technology of Nuclear Fusion, Group Heemels, Control Systems Technology, and Turbulence in Fusion Plasmas
Subjects: Magnetic confinement, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Technology, Materials science, Detachment, Nuclear engineering, Física::Física de partícules [Àrees temàtiques de la UPC], Imatges -- Processament, stellarator, Divertor, Image processing, Physics::Plasma Physics, divertor, Wendelstein 7-X, ddc:530, FIS/03 - FISICA DELLA MATERIA, Neoclassical optimization, Stellarators, Reactors de fusió, magnetic confinement, Enginyeria de la telecomunicació::Processament del senyal::Processament de la imatge i del senyal vídeo [Àrees temàtiques de la UPC], Condensed Matter Physics, ddc, Fusion reactors, Physics and Astronomy, detachment, neoclassical optimization, ddc:620, ddc:600, Paper, FEC 2020 Summaries and Overviews
Abstract: We present recent highlights from the most recent operation phases of Wendelstein 7-X, the most advanced stellarator in the world. Stable detachment with good particle exhaust, low impurity content, and energy confinement times exceeding 100 ms, have been maintained for tens of seconds. Pellet fueling allows for plasma phases with reduced ion-temperature-gradient turbulence, and during such phases, the overall confinement is so good (energy confinement times often exceeding 200 ms) that the attained density and temperature profiles would not have been possible in less optimized devices, since they would have had neoclassical transport losses exceeding the heating applied in W7-X. This provides proof that the reduction of neoclassical transport through magnetic field optimization is successful. W7-X plasmas generally show good impurity screening and high plasma purity, but there is evidence of longer impurity confinement times during turbulence-suppressed phases. This work has been carried out within the framework of the EUROfusion Consortium and has received funding from the Euratom research and training programme 2014-2018 and 2019-2020 under Grant Agreement No. 633053. Peer Reviewed Article signat per 497 autors/es: Thomas Sunn Pedersen1,2,∗ , I. Abramovic3, P. Agostinetti4, M. Agredano Torres1, S. Äkäslompolo1, J. Alcuson Belloso1, P. Aleynikov1, K. Aleynikova1, M. Alhashimi1, A. Ali1, N. Allen5, A. Alonso6, G. Anda7, T. Andreeva1, C. Angioni8, A. Arkhipov8, A. Arnold1, W. Asad8, E. Ascasibar6, M.-H. Aumeunier9, K. Avramidis10, E. Aymerich11, S.-G. Baek3, J. Bähner1, A. Baillod12, M. Balden1, M. Balden8, J. Baldzuhn1, S. Ballinger3, M. Banduch1, S. Bannmann1, A. Banon Navarro8, A. Bañon Navarro ´ 1, T. Barbui13, C. Beidler1, C. Belafdil9, A. Bencze7, A. Benndorf1, M. Beurskens1, C. Biedermann1, O. Biletskyi14, B. Blackwell15, M. Blatzheim1, T. Bluhm1, D. Böckenhoff1, G. Bongiovi16, M. Borchardt1, D. Borodin17, J. Boscary8, H. Bosch1,18, T. Bosmann19, B. Böswirth8, L. Böttger1, A. Bottino8, S. Bozhenkov1, R. Brakel1, C. Brandt1, T. Bräuer1, H. Braune1, S. Brezinsek17, K. Brunner1, S. Buller1, R. Burhenn1, R. Bussiahn1, B. Buttenschön1, A. Buzás7, V. Bykov1, I. Calvo6, K. Camacho Mata1, I. Caminal20, B. Cannas11, A. Cappa6, A. Carls1, F. Carovani1, M. Carr21, D. Carralero6, B. Carvalho22, J. Casas20, D. Castano-Bardawil17, F. Castejon6, N. Chaudhary1, I. Chelis23, A. Chomiczewska24, J.W. Coenen13,17, M. Cole1, F. Cordella25, Y. Corre9, K. Crombe26, G. Cseh7, B. Csillag7, H. Damm1, C. Day10, M. de Baar27, E. De la Cal6, S. Degenkolbe1, A. Demby13, S. Denk3, C. Dhard1, A. Di Siena8,28, A. Dinklage12, T. Dittmar17, M. Dreval14, M. Drevlak1, P. Drewelow1, P. Drews17, D. Dunai7, E. Edlund3, F. Effenberg29, G. Ehrke1, M. Endler1, D.A. Ennis5, F.J. Escoto6, T. Estrada6, E. Fable8, N. Fahrenkamp1, A. Fanni11, J. Faustin1, J. Fellinger1, Y. Feng1, W. Figacz4, E. Flom13, O. Ford1, T. Fornal24, H. Frerichs13, S. Freundt1, G. Fuchert1, M. Fukuyama30, F. Füllenbach1, G. Gantenbein10, Y. Gao1, K. Garcia13, J.M. García Regaña6, I. García-Cortés6, J. Gaspar31, D.A. Gates29, J. Geiger1, B. Geiger13, L. Giudicotti32, A. González6, A. Goriaev26,33, D. Gradic1, M. Grahl1, J.P. Graves12, J. Green13, E. Grelier9, H. Greuner8, S. Groß1, H. Grote1, M. Groth34, M. Gruca24, O. Grulke1,35, M. Grün1, J. Guerrero Arnaiz1, S. Günter8, V. Haak1, M. Haas1, P. Hacker1, A. Hakola36, A. Hallenbert1, K. Hammond29, X. Han17,37, S.K. Hansen3, J.H. Harris38, H. Hartfuß1, D. Hartmann1, D. Hathiramani1, R. Hatzky8, J. Hawke39, S. Hegedus7, B. Hein8, B. Heinemann8, P. Helander12, S. Henneberg1, U. Hergenhahn8,40, C. Hidalgo6, F. Hindenlang8, M. Hirsch1, U. Höfel1, K.P. Hollfeld17, A. Holtz1, D. Hopf8, D. Höschen17, M. Houry9, J. Howard19, X. Huang41, M. Hubeny17, S. Hudson29, K. Ida9, Y. Igitkhanov10, V. Igochine8, S. Illy10, C. Ionita-Schrittwieser42, M. Isobe39, M. Jabłczynska ´ 24, S. Jablonski24, B. Jagielski1, M. Jakubowski1, A. Jansen van Vuuren1, J. Jelonnek10, F. Jenko8, F. Jenko8, T. Jensen35, H. Jenzsch1, P. Junghanns8, J. Kaczmarczyk24, J. Kallmeyer1, U. Kamionka1, M. Kandler8, S. Kasilov43, Y. Kazakov26, D. Kennedy1, A. Kharwandikar1, M. Khokhlov1, C. Kiefer8, C. Killer1, A. Kirschner17, R. Kleiber1, T. Klinger12, S. Klose1, J. Knauer1, A. Knieps17, F. Köchl44, G. Kocsis7, Ya.I. Kolesnichenko45, A. Könies1, R. König1, J. Kontula34, P. Kornejew1, J. Koschinsky, M.M. Kozulia14, A. Krämer-Flecken17, R. Krampitz1, M. Krause1, N. Krawczyk24, T. Kremeyer1, L. Krier10, D.M. Kriete5, M. Krychowiak1, I. Ksiazek46, M. Kubkowska24, M. Kuczynski1, G. Kühner1, A. Kumar15, T. Kurki-Suonio34, S. Kwak1, M. Landreman47, P.T. Lang8, A. Langenberg1, H.P. Laqua12, H. Laqua1, R. Laube1, S. Lazerson1, M. Lewerentz1, C. Li17, Y. Liang17, Ch. Linsmeier17, J. Lion1, A. Litnovsky17,48, S. Liu37, J. Lobsien1, J. Loizu12, J. Lore38, A. Lorenz1, U. Losada6, F. Louche26, R. Lunsford29, V. Lutsenko45, M. Machielsen12, F. Mackel8, J. Maisano-Brown3, O. Maj8, D. Makowski49, G. Manduchi50, E. Maragkoudakis6, O. Marchuk17, S. Marsen1, E. Martines4, J. Martinez-Fernandez6, M. Marushchenko1, S. Masuzaki41, D. Maurer5, M. Mayer8, K.J. McCarthy6, O. Mccormack4, P. McNeely1, H. Meister8, B. Mendelevitch8, S. Mendes1, A. Merlo1, A. Messian26, A. Mielczarek49, O. Mishchenko1, B. Missal1, R. Mitteau9, V.E. Moiseenko14, A. Mollen1, V. Moncada9, T. Mönnich1, T. Morisaki41, D. Moseev1, G. Motojima41, S. Mulas6, M. Mulsow1, M. Nagel1, D. Naujoks1, V. Naulin35, T. Neelis19, H. Neilson29, R. Neu8, O. Neubauer17, U. Neuner1, D. Nicolai17, S.K. Nielsen35, H. Niemann1, T. Nishiza1, T. Nishizawa1, T. Nishizawa8, C. Nührenberg1, R. Ochoukov8, J. Oelmann17, G. Offermanns17 K. Ogawa41, S. Okamura41, J. Ölmanns17, J. Ongena26, J. Oosterbeek1, M. Otte1, N. Pablant29, N. Panadero Alvarez6, N. Panadero Alvarez6, A. Pandey1, E. Pasch1, R. Pavlichenko14, A. Pavone1, E. Pawelec46, G. Pechstein1, G. Pelka24, V. Perseo1, B. Peterson41, D. Pilopp1, S. Pingel1, F. Pisano11, B. Plöckl8, G. Plunk1, P. Pölöskei1, B. Pompe2, A. Popov51, M. Porkolab3, J. Proll19, M.J. Pueschel19,27, M.-E. Puiatti52, A. Puig Sitjes1, F. Purps1, K. Rahbarnia1, M. Rasinski ´ 17, J. Rasmussen35, A. Reiman29, F. Reimold1, M. Reisner8, D. Reiter17, M. Richou9, R. Riedl8, J. Riemann1, K. Riße1, G. Roberg-Clark1, V. Rohde8, J. Romazanov17, D. Rondeshagen1, P. Rong1, L. Rudischhauser1, T. Rummel1, K. Rummel1, A. Runov1, N. Rust1, L. Ryc24, P. Salembier20, M. Salewski35, E. Sanchez6, S. Satake41, G. Satheeswaran17, J. Schacht1, E. Scharff1, F. Schauer8, J. Schilling1, G. Schlisio1, K. Schmid8, J. Schmitt5, O. Schmitz13, W. Schneider1, M. Schneider1, P. Schneider8, R. Schrittwieser42, T. Schröder1, M. Schröder1, R. Schroeder1, B. Schweer26, D. Schwörer1, E. Scott1, E. Scott8, B. Shanahan1, G. Sias11, P. Sichta29, M. Singer1, P. Sinha29, S. Sipliä34, C. Slaby1, M. Sleczka53, H. Smith1, J. Smoniewski54, E. Sonnendrücker8, M. Spolaore4, A. Spring1, R. Stadler8, D. Stanczak24, T. Stange1, I. Stepanov26, L. Stephey13, J. Stober8, U. Stroth8,55, E. Strumberger8, C. Suzuki41, Y. Suzuki41, J. Svensson1, T. Szabolics7, T. Szepesi7, M. Szücs7, F.L. Tabares6, N. Tamura41, A. Tancetti35, C. Tantos10, J. Terry3, H. Thienpondt6, H. Thomsen1, M. Thumm10, J.M. Travere9, P. Traverso5, J. Tretter8, E. Trier8, H. Trimino Mora1, T. Tsujimura41, Y. Turkin1, A. Tykhyi45, B. Unterberg17, P. van Eeten1, B.Ph. van Milligen6, M. van Schoor26, L. Vano1, S. Varoutis10, M. Vecsei7, L. Vela56, J.L. Velasco6, M. Vervier17, N. Vianello50, H. Viebke1, R. Vilbrandt1, G. Vogel8, N. Vogt1, C. Volkhausen1, A. von Stechow1, F. Wagner1, E. Wang17, H. Wang57, F. Warmer1, T. Wauters26, L. Wegener1, T. Wegner1, G. Weir1, U. Wenzel1, A. White3, F. Wilde1, F. Wilms1, T. Windisch1, M. Winkler1, A. Winter1, V. Winters1, R. Wolf118, A.M. Wright29, G.A. Wurden39, P. Xanthopoulos1, S. Xu17, H. Yamada58, H. Yamaguchi41, M. Yokoyama41, M. Yoshinuma41, Q. Yu8, M. Zamanov14, M. Zanini1, M. Zarnstorff29, D. Zhang1, S. Zhou17, J. Zhu1, C. Zhu29, M. Zilker8, A. Zocco1, H. Zohm8, S. Zoletnik7 and L. Zsuga7 // 1 Max Planck Institute for Plasma Physics, Garching and Greifswald, Germany: 2 University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany; 3 Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139, United States of America; 4 Consorzio RFX, Corso Stati Uniti, 4-35127 Padova, Italy; 5 Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, United States of America; 6 CIEMAT, Avenida Complutense, 40, 28040 Madrid, Spain; 7 Center for Energy Research, Konkoly-Thegeut 29-33, 1121 Budapest, Hungary; 8 Max-Planck-Institute for Plasma Physics, Boltzmannstraße 2, 85748 Garching bei München, Germany; 9 CEA Cadarache, 13115 Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, France; 10 Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Kaiserstr. 12, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany; 11 University of Cagliari, Via Universita, 40, 09124 Cagliari, Italy; 12 École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Swiss Plasma Center, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland; 13 University of Wisconsin–Madison, Engineering Drive, Madison, WI 53706, United States of America; 14 Institute of Plasma Physics, National Science Center ‘Kharkiv Institute of Physics and Technology’, Kharkiv, Ukraine; 15 The Australian National University, Acton ACT 2601, Canberra, Australia; 16 Department of Engineering, University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, Edificio 6, Palermo, 90128, Italy; 17 Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Institut für Energie-und Klimaforschung—Plasmaphysik, 52425 Jülich, Germany; 18 Technical University of Berlin, Strasse des 17. Juni 135, 10623 Berlin, Germany; 19 Eindhoven University of Technology, 5600 MB Eindhoven, Netherlands; 20 Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya. BarcelonaTech, C. Jordi Girona, 31, 08034 Barcelona, Spain; 21 Culham Center for Fusion Energy, Abingdon OX14 3EB, United Kingdom; 22 Instituto de Plasmas e Fusao Nuclear, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal; 23 Department of Physics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15784 Athens, Greece; 24 Institute of Plasma Physics and Laser Microfusion, 23 Hery Str., 01-497 Warsaw, Poland; 25 ENEA—Centro Ricerche Frascati, Via Enrico Fermi, 45, 00044 Frascati RM, Italy; 26 Laboratory for Plasma Physics, LPP-ERM/KMS, TEC Partner, B-1000 Brussels, Belgium; 27 Dutch Institute for Fundamental Energy Research, PO Box 6336, 5600 HH Eindhoven, Netherlands; 28 University of Texas, Austin, TX, United States of America; 29 Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory, Princeton, NJ 08543, United States of America; 30 Kyushu University, 744 Motooka Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan; 31 Aix-Marseille University, Jardin du Pharo, 58 Boulevard Charles Livon, 13007, Marseille, France; 32 Department of Physics and Astronomy, Padova University, Via Marzolo 8, 35131 Padova, Italy; 33 Department of Applied Physics, Ghent University, Sint-Pietersnieuwstraat 41 B4, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; 34 Aalto University, 02150 Espoo, Finland; 35 Department of Physics, Technical University of Denmark, Anker Engelunds Vej, 2800 Kgs Lyngby, Denmark; 36 VTT Technical Research Center of Finland Ltd., PO Box 1000, FI-02044 VTT, Finland; 37 Institute of Plasma Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 230031 Hefei, Anhui, China; 38 Oak Ridge National Laboratory, 1 Bethel Valley Rd, Oak Ridge, TN 37830, United States of America; 39 Los Alamos National Laboratory, NM 87545, United States of America; 40 Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, 14195 Berlin, Germany; 41 National Institute for Fusion Science, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, 322-6 Oroshi-cho, Toki, Gifu Prefecture 509-5292, Japan; 42 Institute for Ion Physics and Applied Physics, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria; 43 Graz University of Technology, Rechbauerstraße 12, 8010 GRAZ, Austria; 44 Austrian Academy of Science, Doktor-Ignaz-Seipel-Platz 2, 1010 Wien, Austria; 45 Institute for Nuclear Research, prospekt Nauky 47, Kyiv 03028, Ukraine; 46 University of Opole, plac Kopernika 11a, 45-001 Opole, Poland; 47 University of Maryland, Paint Branch Drive, College Park, MA 20742, United States of America; 48 National Research Nuclear University MEPhI, 115409 Moscow, Russian Federation; 49 Department of Microelectronics and Computer Science, Lodz University of Technology, Wolczanska 221/223, 90-924 Lodz, Poland; 50 Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Piazzale Aldo Moro, 7, 00185 Roma, Italy; 51 Ioffe Physical-Technical Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 26 Politekhnicheskaya, St Petersburg 194021, Russian Federation; 52 Istituto di Fisica del Plasma Piero Caldirola, Via Roberto Cozzi, 53, 20125 Milano, Italy; 53 University of Szczecin, 70-453, aleja Papieza Jana Pawła II 22A, Szczecin, Poland; 54 Lawrence University, 711 E Boldt Way, Appleton, WI 54911, United States of America; 55 Physik-Department E28, Technische Universität München, 85747 Garching, Germany; 56 Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, Av. de la Universidad, 30 Madrid, Spain; 57 Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, United States of America; 58 University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chhiab 277-0882, Japan Objectius de Desenvolupament Sostenible::7 - Energia Assequible i No Contaminant Objectius de Desenvolupament Sostenible::7 - Energia Assequible i No Contaminant::7.a - Per a 2030, augmentar la cooperació internacional per tal de facilitar l’accés a la investigació i a les tecnologies energètiques no contaminants, incloses les fonts d’energia renovables, l’eficiència energètica i les tecnologies de combustibles fòssils avançades i menys contaminants, i promoure la inversió en infraestructures energètiques i tecnologies d’energia no contaminant
Published: 2022
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15. Plasma physics and control studies planned in JT-60SA for ITER and DEMO operations and risk mitigation

Author: M Yoshida, G Giruzzi, N Aiba, J F Artaud, J Ayllon-Guerola, L Balbinot, O Beeke, E Belonohy, P Bettini, W Bin, A Bierwage, T Bolzonella, M Bonotto, C Boulbe, J Buermans, M Chernyshova, S Coda, R Coelho, S Davis, C Day, G De Tommasi, M Dibon, A Ejiri, G Falchetto, A Fassina, B Faugeras, L Figini, M Fukumoto, S Futatani, K Galazka, J Garcia, M Garcia-Muñoz, L Garzotti, L Giacomelli, L Giudicotti, S Hall, N Hayashi, C Hoa, M Honda, K Hoshino, M Iafrati, A Iantchenko, S Ide, S Iio, R Imazawa, S Inoue, A Isayama, E Joffrin, K Kamiya, Y Ko, M Kobayashi, T Kobayashi, G Kocsis, A Kovacsik, T Kurki-Suonio, B Lacroix, P Lang, Ph Lauber, A Louzguiti, E de la Luna, G Marchiori, M Mattei, A Matsuyama, S Mazzi, A Mele, F Michel, Y Miyata, J Morales, P Moreau, A Moro, T Nakano, M Nakata, E Narita, R Neu, S Nicollet, M Nocente, S Nowak, F P Orsitto, V Ostuni, Y Ohtani, N Oyama, R Pasqualotto, B Pégourié, E Perelli, L Pigatto, C Piccinni, A Pironti, P Platania, B Ploeckl, D Ricci, P Roussel, G Rubino, R Sano, K Särkimäki, K Shinohara, S Soare, C Sozzi, S Sumida, T Suzuki, Y Suzuki, T Szabolics, T Szepesi, Y Takase, M Takech, N Tamura, K Tanaka, H Tanaka, M Tardocchi, A Terakado, H Tojo, T Tokuzawa, A Torre, N Tsujii, H Tsutsui, Y Ueda, H Urano, M Valisa, M Vallar, J Vega, F Villone, T Wakatsuki, T Wauters, M Wischmeier, S Yamoto, L Zani, Yoshida, M, Giruzzi, G, Aiba, N, Artaud, J F, Ayllon-Guerola, J, Balbinot, L, Beeke, O, Belonohy, E, Bettini, P, Bin, W, Bierwage, A, Bolzonella, T, Bonotto, M, Boulbe, C, Buermans, J, Chernyshova, M, Coda, S, Coelho, R, Davis, S, Day, C, De Tommasi, G, Dibon, M, Ejiri, A, Falchetto, G, Fassina, A, Faugeras, B, Figini, L, Fukumoto, M, Futatani, S, Galazka, K, Garcia, J, Garcia-Muñoz, M, Garzotti, L, Giacomelli, L, Giudicotti, L, Hall, S, Hayashi, N, Hoa, C, Honda, M, Hoshino, K, Iafrati, M, Iantchenko, A, Ide, S, Iio, S, Imazawa, R, Inoue, S, Isayama, A, Joffrin, E, Kamiya, K, Ko, Y, Kobayashi, M, Kobayashi, T, Kocsis, G, Kovacsik, A, Kurki-Suonio, T, Lacroix, B, Lang, P, Lauber, Ph, Louzguiti, A, de la Luna, E, Marchiori, G, Mattei, M, Matsuyama, A, Mazzi, S, Mele, A, Michel, F, Miyata, Y, Morales, J, Moreau, P, Moro, A, Nakano, T, Nakata, M, Narita, E, Neu, R, Nicollet, S, Nocente, M, Nowak, S, Orsitto, F P, Ostuni, V, Ohtani, Y, Oyama, N, Pasqualotto, R, Pégourié, B, Perelli, E, Pigatto, L, Piccinni, C, Pironti, A, Platania, P, Ploeckl, B, Ricci, D, Roussel, P, Rubino, G, Sano, R, Särkimäki, K, Shinohara, K, Soare, S, Sozzi, C, Sumida, S, Suzuki, T, Suzuki, Y, Szabolics, T, Szepesi, T, Takase, Y, Takech, M, Tamura, N, Tanaka, K, Tanaka, H, Tardocchi, M, Terakado, A, Tojo, H, Tokuzawa, T, Torre, A, Tsujii, N, Tsutsui, H, Ueda, Y, Urano, H, Valisa, M, Vallar, M, Vega, J, Villone, F, Wakatsuki, T, Wauters, T, Wischmeier, M, Yamoto, S, Zani, L, Artaud, J, Garcia-Munoz, M, Lauber, P, Orsitto, F, Pegourie, B, Sarkimaki, K, Control, Analysis and Simulations for TOkamak Research (CASTOR), Inria Sophia Antipolis - Méditerranée (CRISAM), Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Laboratoire Jean Alexandre Dieudonné (LJAD), Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (1965 - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (1965 - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA), Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya. Departament de Física, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya. ANT - Advanced Nuclear Technologies Research Group, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, CEA, University of Seville, National Research Council of Italy, University of Oxford, JET, CNR-ENEA-EURATOM Association, Université Côte d'Azur, Royal Military Academy, Soltan Institute for Nuclear Studies, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Lausanne, Universidade Lisboa, Fusion for Energy, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, University of Naples Federico II, Max-Planck-Institut für Plasmaphysik, The University of Tokyo, BarcelonaTech, Kyoto University, Keio University, Agenzia nazionale per le nuove tecnologie, l'energia e lo sviluppo economico sostenibile, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Nagoya University, Centre for Energy Research, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Department of Applied Physics, CIEMAT, Physique des Interactions Ioniques et Moleculaires, National Institute for Fusion Science, University of Milan - Bicocca, Tuscia University, Institute of Cryogenics and Isotopic Technologies - ICIT, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology, Aalto-yliopisto, and Aalto University
Subjects: Scenario development, Superconductivity, Física [Àrees temàtiques de la UPC], Physics, Risk mitigation, risk mitigation, JT-60SA, Condensed Matter Physics, Plasma control, [INFO.INFO-MO]Computer Science [cs]/Modeling and Simulation, plasma control, scenario development, Nuclear Energy and Engineering, ddc:530, Superconductivitat
Abstract: Alarge superconducting machine, JT-60SA has been constructed to provide major contributions to the ITER program and DEMO design. For the success of the ITER project and fusion reactor, understanding and development of plasma controllability in ITER and DEMO relevant higher beta regimes are essential. JT-60SA has focused the program on the plasma controllability for scenario development and risk mitigation in ITER as well as on investigating DEMO relevant regimes. This paper summarizes the high research priorities and strategy for the JT-60SA project. Recent works on simulation studies to prepare the plasma physics and control experiments are presented, such as plasma breakdown and equilibrium controls, hybrid and steady-state scenario development, and risk mitigation techniques. Contributions of JT-60SA to ITER and DEMOhave been clarified through those studies. Peer Reviewed Article escrit per 127 autors/autores: M Yoshida, G Giruzzi, N Aiba, J F Artaud, J Ayllon-Guerola, L Balbinot, OBeeke, E Belonohy, P Bettini, W Bin, A Bierwage, T Bolzonella, M Bonotto, CBoulbe, J Buermans, M Chernyshova, S Coda, R Coelho, S Davis, C Day, GDeTommasi, M Dibon, A Ejiri, G Falchetto, A Fassina, B Faugeras, L Figini, M Fukumoto, S Futatani, K Galazka, J Garcia, M Garcia-Muñoz, L Garzotti, L Giacomelli, L Giudicotti, S Hall, N Hayashi, C Hoa, M Honda, K Hoshino, M Iafrati, A Iantchenko, S Ide, S Iio, R Imazawa, S Inoue, A Isayama, E Joffrin, K Kamiya, Y Ko, M Kobayashi, T Kobayashi, G Kocsis, A Kovacsik, T Kurki-Suonio, B Lacroix, P Lang, Ph Lauber, A Louzguiti, E de la Luna, G Marchiori, M Mattei, A Matsuyama, S Mazzi, A Mele, F Michel, Y Miyata, J Morales, P Moreau, A Moro, T Nakano, M Nakata, E Narita, R Neu, S Nicollet, M Nocente, S Nowak, F P Orsitto, V Ostuni, Y Ohtani, N Oyama, R Pasqualotto, B Pégourié, E Perelli, L Pigatto, C Piccinni, A Pironti, P Platania, B Ploeckl, D Ricci, P Roussel, G Rubino, R Sano, K Särkimäki, K Shinohara, S Soare, C Sozzi, S Sumida, T Suzuki, Y Suzuki, T Szabolics, T Szepesi, Y Takase, M Takech, N Tamura, K Tanaka, H Tanaka, M Tardocchi, A Terakado, H Tojo, T Tokuzawa, A Torre, N Tsujii, H Tsutsui, Y Ueda, H Urano, M Valisa, M Vallar, J Vega, F Villone, T Wakatsuki, T Wauters, M Wischmeier, S Yamoto, L Zani
Published: 2022
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16. ASCOT5 simulations of neutral beam heating and current drive in the TJ-II stellarator

Author: S. Mulas, Á. Cappa, J. Kontula, D. López-Bruna, I. Calvo, F.I. Parra, M. Liniers, T. Kurki-Suonio, and M. Mantsinen
Subjects: Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Condensed Matter Physics
Abstract: The TJ-II stellarator neutral-beam injection (NBI) system, vacuum vessel and magnetic configuration have been included in the orbit-following Monte Carlo code ASCOT5 to simulate neutral-beam heating and current drive for high-density NBI plasmas. Co- and counter-injection beams are simulated separately. A scan in both electron density and temperature is carried out within the range of values corresponding to realistic high-density NBI plasmas, for which a low level of fast-ion losses due to charge-exchange reactions is expected, since the version of ASCOT5 used in the paper does not include such processes. The rest of the kinetic profiles (ion temperature, radial electric field and effective charge) are kept fixed. The initial distribution of markers shows that the amount of available power in the plasma carried by the beam ions depends slightly on the electron temperature and on the injection direction (co/counter). The steady-state fast-ion distribution function is obtained and used to calculate the three-dimensional fast-ion density, the neutral-beam driven current and the amount of power deposited to the plasma in the two injection scenarios. These three quantities are higher in the counter-injected case due to a lower amount of promptly lost particles. The neutral-beam current drive (NBCD) has been calculated using the fast-ion beam current given by ASCOT5 and the electron return current, which is computed with the analytic solution of the drift kinetic equation for electrons in the presence of fast ions in the low-collisionality regime. Neither the calculated fast-ion density nor the NBCD are flux functions, in consistency with the fact that fast-ion drift surfaces and flux surfaces are generally not aligned.
Published: 2022
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17. Predictive ASCOT modelling of 10Be transport in JET with the ITER-like wall

Author: Carlos A. Silva, H. Bergsaker, J. Likonen, M. Groth, T. Kurki-Suonio, Jet-Efda Contributors, J. Miettunen, S. Marsen, and Simppa Äkäslompolo
Subjects: fusion, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Tokamak, ta221, chemistry.chemical_element, impurities, law.invention, Nuclear physics, law, Phase (matter), Limiter, Deposition (phase transition), General Materials Science, tokamak, ta218, plasma, Jet (fluid), ta214, ta114, Divertor, Plasma, Mechanics, beryllium, Nuclear Energy and Engineering, chemistry, Beryllium
Abstract: We model the transport of a beryllium (10Be) marker during a sequence of an inner-wall limited and a diverted Ohmic plasma phase in JET with the objective of identifying principal migration pathways. The 3D orbit-following code ASCOT is used for predictive analysis of an experiment during the 2011–2012 campaign on JET where three central pieces of a wall tile enriched with 10Be were installed to an inner wall guard limiter (IWGL) of the tokamak. Assuming erosion during the inner-wall limited plasma, the simulations indicate that 10Be is deposited along the IWGLs during the limiter phase which, when assuming further erosion, can lead to high deposition on the inner (high-field side) divertor during the diverted phase. In contrast, beryllium confined in the core plasma during the limiter phase is seen to be predominantly uniformly deposited during the diverted phase on the outer (low-field side) wall limiters and divertor tiles.
Published: 2013
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18. Surface loads and edge fast ion distribution for co- and counter-injection in ASDEX Upgrade

Author: V Hynönen, T Kurki-Suonio, W Suttrop, R Dux, K Sugiyama, and the ASDEX Upgrade Team
Subjects: Physics, Toroid, Nuclear Energy and Engineering, ASDEX Upgrade, Physics::Plasma Physics, Divertor, Electric field, Ripple, Flux, Plasma, Atomic physics, Condensed Matter Physics, Beam (structure)
Abstract: The fast particle flux onto the material surfaces and the fast ion edge distribution are compared between ASDEX Upgrade H-mode and quiescent H-mode (QH-mode) in the presence of toroidal ripple and radial electric field Er by using the orbit-following Monte Carlo code ASCOT. So far, the QH-mode has been obtained only with counter-injection of the neutral beams. The wall load caused by co-injected beams in H-mode is small and without ripple it is negligible. With counter-injection (QH-mode case), the wall load is substantial even without the ripple. The ripple always increases the wall load, but the divertor load is either decreased or is unchanged. The effect of Er alone is small, but it boosts the ripple-trapping of beam particles near the location of its maximum absolute value on the horizontal midplane. The fast ion density and its gradient in the pedestal region are higher for counter-injected than for co-injected particles. The ripple decreases the density gradient in both the cases. To make a connection with the experiment, the flux of high-energy tritons from beam?plasma interactions onto the surfaces is evaluated. The simulated flux of tritons impinging on the material surfaces is in qualitative agreement with the measured tritium distribution on the wall and divertor.
Published: 2007
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19. Studies of the ‘Quiescent H-mode’ regime in ASDEX Upgrade and JET

Author: W Suttrop, V Hynönen, T Kurki-Suonio, P.T Lang, M Maraschek, R Neu, A Stäbler, G.D Conway, S Hacquin, M Kempenaars, P.J Lomas, M.F.F Nave, R.A Pitts, K.-D Zastrow, the ASDEX Upgrade team, and contributors to the JET-EFDA workprogramme
Subjects: Physics, Larmor precession, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, ASDEX Upgrade, Physics::Plasma Physics, Joint European Torus, Atomic physics, Magnetohydrodynamics, Condensed Matter Physics, Edge-localized mode, Plasma oscillation, Neutral beam injection, Pressure gradient
Abstract: The stationary edge localized mode (ELM)-free 'Quiescent H-mode' (QH-mode) regime, obtained with counter neutral beam injection, is studied in ASDEX Upgrade and Joint European Torus. QH-mode plasmas have high pedestal and core ion temperatures together with good High-confinement mode (H-mode). ELMs are replaced by continuous MHD oscillations, the 'edge harmonic oscillation' (EHO) and the 'high frequency oscillation'. Stationarity of particle and impurity densities is linked to the occurrence of these MHD modes. The EHO location in the steep-gradient region and its appearance with increasing edge pressure points towards the edge pressure or pressure gradient as possible drivers for the EHO. Injection of small cryogenic pellets can raise the plasma density to about 40% of the Greenwald density limit without triggering ELMs. Orbit following calculations of the slowing-down distribution show the presence of an enhanced fast particle density in the H-mode barrier region despite the large loss currents with counter-injection. The radial electrical field in the edge barrier region, about twice as large in QH-mode as in ELMy H-mode, is large enough to reverse the precession drift direction of injected beam ions, leading to a resonance of the EHO with the drift precession frequency.
Published: 2005
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20. Study of quiescent H-mode plasmas in ASDEX Upgrade

Author: W Suttrop, G D Conway, L Fattorini, L D Horton, T Kurki-Suonio, C F Maggi, M Maraschek, H Meister, R Neu, Th Pütterich, M Reich, A C C Sips, and the ASDEX Upgrade Team
Subjects: Materials science, Cyclotron, Magnetic confinement fusion, Condensed Matter Physics, Neutral beam injection, law.invention, High-confinement mode, Nuclear Energy and Engineering, ASDEX Upgrade, Heat flux, Physics::Plasma Physics, law, Plasma diagnostics, Atomic physics, Magnetohydrodynamics
Abstract: In a recent campaign with counter-current neutral beam injection (NBI), the quiescent high confinement mode (QH-mode) is studied in ASDEX Upgrade. The QH-mode regime is obtained with all accessible NBI angles, with and without additional ion cyclotron heating, at various values of edge safety factor q95 and at values of Zeff down to 2.5 after fresh boronization. In contrast to the ELMy H-mode, the pedestal pressure depends significantly on radial heat flux in the QH-mode, giving rise to a reduced heating power degradation of H-mode confinement. The 'edge harmonic oscillation', a characteristic MHD feature of the QH-mode that replaces ELMs, occurs at rational surfaces in the H-mode barrier region, and has so far been found only with a toroidal mode number n = 1. These conditions seem to define windows in q95 for favourable QH-mode access.
Published: 2004
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21. ELM-free stationary H-mode plasmas in the ASDEX Upgrade tokamak

Author: W Suttrop, M Maraschek, G D Conway, H-U Fahrbach, G Haas, L D Horton, T Kurki-Suonio, C J Lasnier, A W Leonard, C F Maggi, H Meister, A M ck, R Neu, I Nunes, Th P tterich, M Reich, A C C Sips, and the ASDEX Upgrade Team
Subjects: Physics, Tokamak, Oscillation, Divertor, Plasma, Condensed Matter Physics, Neutral beam injection, law.invention, Nuclear Energy and Engineering, ASDEX Upgrade, Physics::Plasma Physics, law, Physics::Space Physics, Magnetohydrodynamic drive, Atomic physics, Magnetohydrodynamics
Abstract: ELM-free H-mode plasmas with stationary plasma density and radiation level are obtained in the ASDEX Upgrade tokamak with large clearance between the last closed flux surface and the wall, and neutral beam injection in a toroidal direction opposite to that of the plasma current. This behaviour is accompanied by a characteristic narrow-band magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) oscillation with clear harmonics up to n = 11 visible. This mode is localized in the plasma edge region. Conditions and properties of the stationary ELM-free phases and the edge MHD oscillation closely resemble that of the `quiescent H-mode' and the `edge harmonic oscillation' found in the DIII-D tokamak (Burrell K H et al 2002 Plasma Phys. Control. Fusion 44 A253). In addition, high-frequency MHD oscillations are found with an amplitude correlated with fluctuations of the divertor Dα intensity, suggesting a possible relevance of these modes for particle transport.
Published: 2003
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22. Interpretation of recent power width measurements in JET MkIIGB ELMy H-modes

Author: W Fundamenski, S Sipilä, G F Matthews, V Riccardo, P Andrew, T Eich, L C Ingesson, T Kiviniemi, T Kurki-Suonio, V Philipps, and contributors to the EFDA-JET Work programme
Subjects: Jet (fluid), Materials science, Tokamak, Divertor, Magnetic confinement fusion, Plasma, Condensed Matter Physics, law.invention, Power (physics), Pedestal, Nuclear Energy and Engineering, Heat flux, law, Atomic physics
Abstract: Results of a novel technique of measuring the deposited power profile based on thermocouples embedded in the divertor plates are presented and discussed. Power profiles were obtained for a series of 2.5 MA/2.4 T discharges involving a scan in the NBI heating power (4-18 MW, where PL-H~5 MW) and a scan in D2 fuelling rate ((0-3)×1022 s-1). In H-mode plasmas, a narrow feature was observed in the power profile, which scaled inversely with power entering the scrape-off-layer, λq,nw∝PSOL-0.4±0.1, while the base profile showed virtually no power dependence. At constant input power, the peak heat flux was strongly reduced by D2 puffing (from ~20 to 4 MW m-2), with the narrow feature in the power profile effectively suppressed. Based on numerical analysis using a guiding-centre Monte-Carlo code ASCOT, coupled to a fluid-like plasma-neutral code package OSM2/EIRENE, the above results are interpreted as a consequence of inter-ELM ion orbit loss from the pedestal region.
Published: 2002
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23. Monte Carlo simulations of central ion temperature measurements using neutral particle analysers

Author: T Kurki-Suonio, S Sipilä, J A Heikkinen, H-U Fahrbach, A Khudoleev, and the ASDEX Upgrade team
Subjects: Physics, Monte Carlo method, Plasma, Electron, Condensed Matter Physics, 01 natural sciences, Neutral beam injection, 010305 fluids & plasmas, Ion, fusion energy, Nuclear Energy and Engineering, ASDEX Upgrade, Physics::Plasma Physics, 0103 physical sciences, Atomic physics, 010306 general physics, Neutral particle, Monte Carlo, Monte Carlo simulation, plasma, Beam (structure)
Abstract: A detailed Monte Carlo-based numerical analysis of ASDEX Upgrade discharges is presented, examining the applicability of neutral particle analysers (NPAs) for measuring the central ion temperature from the neutral particle spectra above the neutral beam injection energy. The analysis is motivated by an earlier work carried out for TFTR (Fiore C L et al 1988 Nucl. Fusion 28 1315), where the beams were quite tangential. This work is now extended to investigate the applicability of the method when the beams are perpendicular. The Monte Carlo simulations take fully into account the effects due to finite orbits and realistic magnetic geometry, and reveal that the fast ion distribution above the beam energy, generated by collisions, reflects the background temperature with good accuracy. However, it is found that the use of NPA tends to give temperature values that are up to 30% lower than the on-axis temperature Ti(0) assumed for the background. This is because the neutral fluxes measured by NPA originate from a wide radial region, and thus the measured spectrum is a chord-averaged one. A fairly tangential viewing is found to be optimal because in that case the signal originating from the centre of the plasma is enhanced relative to the signal from outer radii. It is concluded that, in discharges where the slowing down from electrons does not dominate the beam ion dynamics, NPA can give a reliable estimate of an average central temperature, Ti(ρ = 0,...,0.3).
Published: 2002
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24. MHD Stability Analysis of Type II ELMs in ASDEX Upgrade

Author: S. Saarelma, S. Günter, T. Kiviniemi, T. Kurki-Suonio, and null ASDEX Upgrade Team
Subjects: Materials science, Tokamak, ASDEX Upgrade, law, Plasma instability, Magnetic confinement fusion, Plasma, Magnetohydrodynamics, Atomic physics, Condensed Matter Physics, Mhd instability, Stability (probability), law.invention
Abstract: An MHD stability analysis of the plasmas with type II ELMs is presented. The stability properties in type II ELMy plasmas (high-q 95 , high δ) are found to significantly differ from those of the type I ELMy plasmas. The differences between the type I and type II ELM cycles due to these stability properties are described.
Published: 2002
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25. EFD-C(13)03/18 Global Migration of Impurities in Tokamaks

Author: A. Hakola, M.I. Airila, C. Björkas, D. Borodin, S. Brezinsek, J.P. Coad, M. Groth, A.Järvinen, A Kirschner, S Koivuranta, K Krieger, T Kurki-Suonio, J. Likonen, V. Lindholm, T. Makkonen, M. Mayer, J. Miettunen, H.W. Müller, R. Neu, P. Petersson, V. Rohde, M. Rubel, A. Widdowson, the ASDEX Upgrade Team, and JET EFDA contributors
Abstract: Migration of impurities in tokamaks has been studied with the help of tracer-injection (13C and 15N) experiments in JET and ASDEX Upgrade since 2001. We have identified a common pattern for the migrating particles: SOL flows drive impurities from the low-field side towards the high-field side of the vessel. Migration is also sensitive to the density and magnetic configuration of the plasma, and strong local variations in the resulting deposition patterns require 3D treatment of the migration process. Moreover, re-erosion of the deposited particles has to be taken into account to properly describe the migration process during steady-state operations of the reactor.
Published: 2013
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26. Global migration of impurities in tokamaks

Author: J. Likonen, V. Rohde, Jet-Efda Contributors, Marek Rubel, Markus Airila, H. W. Müller, C. Björkas, T. Makkonen, Anna Widdowson, R. Neu, A. Kirschner, A. Järvinen, T. Kurki-Suonio, Antti Hakola, D. Borodin, M. Mayer, J. P. Coad, S. Brezinsek, J. Miettunen, M. Groth, Seppo Koivuranta, P. Petersson, K. Krieger, and V. Lindholm
Subjects: Nuclear physics, Physics, Light nucleus, Jet (fluid), Tokamak, Nuclear Energy and Engineering, ASDEX Upgrade, law, Impurity, Plasma, Global migration, Condensed Matter Physics, law.invention
Abstract: The migration of impurities in tokamaks has been studied with the help of tracer-injection (13C and 15N) experiments in JET and ASDEX Upgrade since 2001. We have identified a common pattern for the migrating particles: scrape-off layer flows drive impurities from the low-field side towards the high-field side of the vessel. Migration is also sensitive to the density and magnetic configuration of the plasma, and strong local variations in the resulting deposition patterns require 3D treatment of the migration process. Moreover, re-erosion of the deposited particles has to be taken into account to properly describe the migration process during steady-state operation of the tokamak.
Published: 2013
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27. Fast Ion Effects During Test Blanket Module Simulation Experiments in DIII-D

Author: G J Kramer, R Ellis, M Gorelenkova, W W Heidbrink, T Kurki-Suonio, R Nazikian, A Salmi, M J Schaffer, K Shinohara, J A Snipes, D A Spong, and T Koskela
Published: 2011
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28. Overview of ASDEX Upgrade results

Author: A. Kallenbach, J. Adamek, L. Aho-Mantila, S. Äkäslompolo, C. Angioni, C.V. Atanasiu, M. Balden, K. Behler, E. Belonohy, A. Bergmann, M. Bernert, R. Bilato, V. Bobkov, J. Boom, A. Bottino, F. Braun, M. Brüdgam, A. Buhler, A. Burckhart, A. Chankin, I.G.J. Classen, G.D. Conway, D.P. Coster, P. de Marné, R. D'Inca, R. Drube, R. Dux, T. Eich, N. Endstrasser, K. Engelhardt, B. Esposito, E. Fable, H.-U. Fahrbach, L. Fattorini, R. Fischer, A. Flaws, H. Fünfgelder, J.C. Fuchs, K. Gál, M. García Muñoz, B. Geiger, M. Gemisic Adamov, L. Giannone, C. Giroud, T. Görler, S. da Graca, H. Greuner, O. Gruber, A. Gude, S. Günter, G. Haas, A.H. Hakola, D. Hangan, T. Happel, T. Hauff, B. Heinemann, A. Herrmann, N. Hicks, J. Hobirk, H. Höhnle, M. Hölzl, C. Hopf, L. Horton, M. Huart, V. Igochine, C. Ionita, A. Janzer, F. Jenko, C.-P. Käsemann, S. Kálvin, O. Kardaun, M. Kaufmann, A. Kirk, H.-J. Klingshirn, M. Kocan, G. Kocsis, H. Kollotzek, C. Konz, R. Koslowski, K. Krieger, T. Kurki-Suonio, B. Kurzan, K. Lackner, P.T. Lang, P. Lauber, M. Laux, F. Leipold, F. Leuterer, A. Lohs, N.C. Luhmann, T. Lunt, A. Lyssoivan, H. Maier, C. Maggi, K. Mank, M.-E. Manso, M. Maraschek, P. Martin, M. Mayer, P.J. McCarthy, R. McDermott, H. Meister, L. Menchero, F. Meo, P. Merkel, R. Merkel, V. Mertens, F. Merz, A. Mlynek, F. Monaco, H.W. Müller, M. Münich, H. Murmann, G. Neu, R. Neu, B. Nold, J.-M. Noterdaeme, H.K. Park, G. Pautasso, G. Pereverzev, Y. Podoba, F. Pompon, E. Poli, K. Polochiy, S. Potzel, M. Prechtl, M.J. Püschel, T. Pütterich, S.K. Rathgeber, G. Raupp, M. Reich, B. Reiter, T. Ribeiro, R. Riedl, V. Rohde, J. Roth, M. Rott, F. Ryter, W. Sandmann, J. Santos, K. Sassenberg, P. Sauter, A. Scarabosio, G. Schall, K. Schmid, P.A. Schneider, W. Schneider, G. Schramm, R. Schrittwieser, J. Schweinzer, B. Scott, M. Sempf, F. Serra, M. Sertoli, M. Siccinio, A. Sigalov, A. Silva, A.C.C. Sips, F. Sommer, A. Stäbler, J. Stober, B. Streibl, E. Strumberger, K. Sugiyama, W. Suttrop, T. Szepesi, G. Tardini, C. Tichmann, D. Told, W. Treutterer, L. Urso, P. Varela, J. Vincente, N. Vianello, T. Vierle, E. Viezzer, C. Vorpahl, D. Wagner, A. Weller, R. Wenninger, B. Wieland, C. Wigger, M. Willensdorfer, M. Wischmeier, E. Wolfrum, E. Würsching, D. Yadikin, Q. Yu, I. Zammuto, D. Zasche, T. Zehetbauer, Y. Zhang, M. Zilker, H. Zohm, and Science and Technology of Nuclear Fusion
Subjects: PHYSICS, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, 0103 physical sciences, TOKAMAK, 010306 general physics, Condensed Matter Physics, 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, 010305 fluids & plasmas, REFLECTOMETRY
Abstract: The ASDEX Upgrade programme is directed towards physics input to critical elements of the ITER design and the preparation of ITER operation, as well as addressing physics issues for a future DEMO design. After the finalization of the tungsten coating of the plasma facing components, the re-availability of all flywheel-generators allowed high-power operation with up to 20 MW heating power at I p up to 1.2 MA. Implementation of alternative ECRH schemes (140 GHz O2- and X3-mode) facilitated central heating above n e = 1.2 × 1020 m−3 and low q 95 operation at B t = 1.8 T. Central O2-mode heating was successfully used in high P/R discharges with 20 MW total heating power and divertor load control with nitrogen seeding. Improved energy confinement is obtained with nitrogen seeding both for type-I and type-III ELMy conditions. The main contributor is increased plasma temperature, no significant changes in the density profile have been observed. This behaviour may be explained by higher pedestal temperatures caused by ion dilution in combination with a pressure limited pedestal and hollow nitrogen profiles. Core particle transport simulations with gyrokinetic calculations have been benchmarked by dedicated discharges using variations of the ECRH deposition location. The reaction of normalized electron density gradients to variations of temperature gradients and the T e/T i ratio could be well reproduced. Doppler reflectometry studies at the L–H transition allowed the disentanglement of the interplay between the oscillatory geodesic acoustic modes, turbulent fluctuations and the mean equilibrium E × B flow in the edge negative E r well region just inside the separatrix. Improved pedestal diagnostics revealed also a refined picture of the pedestal transport in the fully developed H-mode type-I ELM cycle. Impurity ion transport turned out to be neoclassical in between ELMs. Electron and energy transport remain anomalous, but exhibit different recovery time scales after an ELM. After recovery of the pre-ELM profiles, strong fluctuations develop in the gradients of n e and T e. The occurrence of the next ELM cannot be explained by the local current diffusion time scale, since this turns out to be too short. Fast ion losses induced by shear Alfvén eigenmodes have been investigated by time-resolved energy and pitch angle measurements. This allowed the separation of the convective and diffusive loss mechanisms.
Published: 2011
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29. Migration and deposition of 13C in the full-tungsten ASDEX Upgrade tokamak

Author: K. Krieger, T. Kurki-Suonio, Antti Hakola, Seppo Koivuranta, M. Mayer, Jari Likonen, V. Rohde, R. Neu, T. Makkonen, Leena Aho-Mantila, M. Groth, H. W. Müller, and ASDEX Upgrade Team
Subjects: animal structures, Tokamak, Materials science, genetic structures, Divertor, chemistry.chemical_element, Tungsten, Condensed Matter Physics, law.invention, Secondary ion mass spectrometry, Nuclear Energy and Engineering, ASDEX Upgrade, chemistry, law, embryonic structures, Limiter, Graphite, Composite material, Atomic physics, Deposition (chemistry)
Abstract: The migration of carbon in low-density, low-confinement plasmas of ASDEX Upgrade was studied by injecting 13C into the main chamber of the torus at the end of the 2007 experimental campaign. A selection of standard tungsten-coated lower-divertor and main-chamber tiles as well as a complete set of lower-divertor tiles with an uncoated poloidal marker stripe were removed from one poloidal cross section and analysed using secondary ion mass spectrometry. The poloidal deposition profiles of 13C on both the tungsten-coated tiles and on the uncoated graphite areas of the marker tiles were measured and compared. For the W-coated lower-divertor tiles, 13C was deposited mainly on the high-field side tiles, while barely detectable amounts of 13C were observed on low-field side samples. In contrast, on the uncoated marker stripes the deposition was equally pronounced in the high-field and low-field side divertor. The marker-tile results are in agreement with those obtained from graphite tiles after the 2003 and 2005 13C experiments in ASDEX Upgrade. In the case of W-coated tiles, the 13C measurements were complemented by determining the total amount of deposited carbon (12C) on the tiles, which also shows strong deposition at the inner parts of the lower divertor. The estimated deposition of 13C on W at the divertor areas was less than 1.5% of the injected amount of 13C atoms. The 13C analyses of the main-chamber tiles and small silicon samples mounted in remote areas revealed significant deposition in the upper divertor, in upper parts of the heat shield, in the limiter region close to the injection valve, and below the roof baffle. Approximately 8% of the injected 13C is estimated to have accumulated in these regions. Possible reasons for the different deposition patterns on W and on graphite in different regions of the torus are discussed.
Published: 2010
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30. Transport model of optical beams in a plasma

Author: T. Kurki-Suonio and Toshiki Tajima
Subjects: Electromagnetic field, Physics, Numerical Analysis, Partial differential equation, Physics and Astronomy (miscellaneous), Scale (ratio), Applied Mathematics, Plasma, Electrostatics, Laser, Computer Science Applications, Computational physics, law.invention, Computational Mathematics, symbols.namesake, Classical mechanics, law, Modeling and Simulation, symbols, Rayleigh scattering, Convection–diffusion equation
Abstract: A new kind of a particle simulation algorithm suitable for following long time scale evolution of electromagnetic beams in plasma is presented. The algorithm is based on particle and field equations averaged over the rapid laser oscillations and the model constitutes the electromagnetic counterpart for the Zakharov's model for electrostatics. This code can be reduced to a fully fluid code, if so desired, by replacing the electron dynamics. Computational remarks upon implementation of the algorithm are given. Test results of the code applied to the Rayleigh spread and self-focusing of an intense laser beam in a plasma are discussed.
Published: 1991
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31. Comparison of Fusion Alpha Performance in JET Advanced Scenario and H-Mode Plasmas

Author: Seppo Sipilä, Rainer Salomaa, T. Tala, T. Kurki-Suonio, Otto Asunta, and Jet-Efda Contributors
Subjects: Nuclear physics, Physics, Jet (fluid), Fusion, Nuclear Energy and Engineering, Magnetic confinement fusion, Alpha particle, Plasma, Fusion power, Condensed Matter Physics, Bootstrap current, Ion
Abstract: Currently, plasmas with internal transport barriers (ITBs) appear the most likely candidates for steady-state scenarios for future fusion reactors. In such plasmas, the broad hot and dense region in the plasma core leads to high fusion gain, while the cool edge protects the integrity of the first wall. Economically desirable large bootstrap current fraction and low inductive current drive may, however, lead to degraded fast ion confinement. In this work the confinement and heating profile of fusion alphas were compared between H-mode and ITB plasmas in realistic JET geometry. The work was carried out using the Monte Carlo-based guiding-center-following code ASCOT.For the same plasma current, the ITB discharges were found to produce four to eight times more fusion power than a comparable ELMy H-mode discharge. Unfortunately, also the alpha particle losses were larger (~16%) compared with the H-mode discharge (7%). In the H-mode discharges, alpha power was deposited to the plasma symmetrically around the magnetic axis, whereas in the current-hole discharge, the power was spread out to a larger volume in the plasma center. This was due to wider particle orbits, and the magnetic structure allowing for a broader hot region in the centre.
Published: 2008
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32. Adjoint Monte Carlo simulation of fusion product activation probe experiment in ASDEX Upgrade tokamak

Author: S. Äkäslompolo, G. Bonheure, G. Tardini, T. Kurki-Suonio, The ASDEX Upgrade team, ASDEX Upgrade Team, Max Planck Institute for Plasma Physics, Max Planck Society, Department of Applied Physics, Aalto-yliopisto, and Aalto University
Subjects: Tokamak, Nuclear engineering, education, Monte Carlo method, Measure (physics), FOS: Physical sciences, Flux, Reverse Monte Carlo, 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, 010305 fluids & plasmas, law.invention, ASDEX Upgrade, Physics::Plasma Physics, law, 0103 physical sciences, 010306 general physics, Instrumentation, Mathematical Physics, Physics, Fusion, Plasma, Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph), Physics - Plasma Physics, Computational physics, Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph), Product (mathematics), TOKAMAK, Plasma diagnostics, Physics - Computational Physics
Abstract: The activation probe is a robust tool to measure flux of fusion products from a magnetically confined plasma. A carefully chosen solid sample is exposed to the flux, and the impinging ions transmute the material making it radioactive. Ultra-low level gamma-ray spectroscopy is used post mortem to measure the activity and, thus, the number of fusion products. This contribution presents the numerical analysis of the first measurement in the ASDEX Upgrade tokamak, which was also the first experiment to measure a single discharge. The ASCOT suite of codes was used to perform adjoint/reverse Monte Carlo calculations of the fusion products. The analysis facilitates, for the first time, a comparison of numerical and experimental values for absolutely calibrated flux. The results agree to within a factor of about two, which can be considered a quite good result considering the fact that all features of the plasma cannot be accounted in the simulations. Also an alternative to the present probe orientation was studied. The results suggest that a better optimized orientation could measure the flux from a significantly larger part of the plasma., Comment: Contribution in 1st EPS Conference on Plasma Diagnostics. First two versions are for PoS(ECPD 2015)055. This 3rd version was accepted for publishing in Journal of Instrumentation
Published: 2015
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33. Fusion alpha performance in advanced scenario plasmas based on reversed central magnetic shear

Author: Seppo Sipilä, Rainer Salomaa, Ville Tulkki, and T. Kurki-Suonio
Subjects: Physics, Fusion, Alpha (ethology), chemistry.chemical_element, Magnetic confinement fusion, Alpha particle, Plasma, Fusion power, Condensed Matter Physics, Computational physics, Shear (sheet metal), Nuclear physics, Nuclear Energy and Engineering, chemistry, Helium
Abstract: In this paper we provide evidence that, for fusion energy production, advanced scenarios based on the presence of an internal transport barrier (ITB) have some advantages compared with the standard H-mode operation. This is due to their magnetic properties that affect alpha particle heating and helium exhaust. With identical density and temperature profiles, a qs-profile with reversed central shear, typical of an ITB plasma, is found to provide the same amount of total heating as a monotonous qs-profile, but with a broader heating profile. The overall confinement of alphas is almost the same for both profiles, but the neoclassical, energy-dependent alpha transport barrier due to stagnation orbits is closer to the magnetic axis for the monotonous profile. Therefore, the reversed profile helps to confine 3.5 MeV alphas born over a wider region while letting through the cooled-down He-ash.
Published: 2006
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34. Overview of ASDEX Upgrade results

Author: H. Zohm 1), C. Angioni 1), R. Arslanbekov 1), C. Atanasiu 2), G. Becker 1), W. Becker 1), K. Behler 1), K. Behringer 1), A. Bergmann 1), R. Bilato 1), V. Bobkov 1), D. Bolshukhin 1), T. Bolzonella 3), K. Borrass 1), M. Brambilla 1), F. Braun 1), A. Buhler 1), A. Carlson 1), G.D. Conway 1), D. P. Coster 1), R, Drube 1), R. Dux 1), S. Egorov 4), T. Eich 1), K. Engelhardt 1), H.-U. Fahrbach 1), U. Fantz 5), H. Faugel 1), K.H. Finken 6), M. Foley 7), P. Franzen 1), J. C. Fuchs 1), J. Gafert 1), K.B. Fournier 8), G. Gantenbein 9), O. Gehre 1), A. Geier 1), J. Gernhardt 1), T. Goodman 10), O. Gruber 1), A. Gude 1), S. G¨unter 1), G. Haas 1), D. Hartmann 1), B. Heger 5), B. Heinemann 1), A. Herrmann 1), J. Hobirk 1), F. Hofmeister 1), H. Hohen¨ocker 1), L. D. Horton 1), V. Igochine 1), A. Jacchia 11), M. Jakobi 1), F. Jenko 1), A. Kallenbach 1), O. Kardaun 1), M. Kaufmann 1), A. Keller 1), A. Kendl 1), J.-W. Kim 1), K. Kirov 1), R. Kochergov 1), H. Kollotzek 1), W. Kraus 1), K. Krieger 1), T. Kurki-Suonio 12) B. Kurzan 1), P. T. Lang 1), C. Lasnier, P. Lauber 1), M. Laux 1), A.W. Leonard 13), F. Leuterer 1), A. Lohs 1), A. Lorenz 1), R. Lorenzini 3), C. Maggi 1), H. Maier 1), K. Mank 1), M.-E. Manso 14), P. Mantica 12), M. Maraschek 1), E. Martines 3), K.-F. Mast 1), P. McCarthy 7), D. Meisel 1), H. Meister 1), F. Meo 1), P. Merkel 1), R. Merkel 1), D. Merkl 1), V. Mertens 1), F. Monaco 1), A.M¨uck 1), H.W.M¨uller 1), M.M¨unich 1), H.Murmann 1), Y.-S. Na 1), G. Neu 1), R. Neu 1), J. Neuhauser 1), F. Nguyen 15), D. Nishijima 1), Y. Nishimura 1), J.-M. Noterdaeme 1), I. Nunes 14), G. Pautasso 1), A. G. Peeters 1), G. Pereverzev 1), S. D. Pinches 1), E. Poli 1), M. Proschek 16), R. Pugno 1), E. Quigley 7), G. Raupp 1), M. Reich 1), T. Ribeiro 14), R. Riedl 1), V. Rohde 1), J. Roth 1), F. Ryter 1), S. Saarelma 12), W. Sandmann 1), A. Savtchkov 6), O. Sauter 10), S. Schade 1), H.-B. Schilling 1), W. Schneider 1), G. Schramm 1), E. Schwarz 1), J. Schweinzer 1), S. Schweizer 1), B. D. Scott 1), U. Seidel 1), F. Serra 14), S. Sesnic 1), C. Sihler 1), A. Silva 14), A. C. C. Sips 1), E. Speth 1), A. St¨abler 1), K.-H. Steuer 1), J. Stober 1), B. Streibl 1), E. Strumberger 1), W. Suttrop 1), A. Tabasso 1), A. Tanga 1), G. Tardini 1), C. Tichmann 1), W. Treutterer 1), M. Troppmann 1), H. Urano 1), P. Varela 14), O. Vollmer 1), D. Wagner 1), U. Wenzel 1), F. Wesner 1), E. Westerhof 17), R. Wolf 1), E. Wolfrum 1), E. W¨ursching 1), S.-W. Yoon 1), Q. Yu 1), D. Zasche 1), T. Zehetbauer 1), and H.-P. Zehrfeld 1)
Subjects: ___
Abstract: Recent results from ASDEX Upgrade are presented. An improved understanding of energy and particle transport emerges in terms of a 'critical gradient' model for the temperature gradients. Coupling this to particle diffusion explains most of the observed behaviour of the density profiles, in particular the finding that strong central heating reduces the tendency for density profile peaking. Internal transport barriers with Te and Ti in excess of 20 keV (but not simultaneously) have been achieved. By shaping the plasma, a regime with small type II ELMs has been established. Here, the maximum power deposited on the target plates was greatly reduced at constant average power. Also, an increase of the ELM frequency by injection of shallow pellets was demonstrated. ELMfree operation is possible in the QH-mode regime previously found in DIII-D which has also been established on ASDEX Upgrade. Regarding stability, a regime with benign NTMs was found. During ECCD stabilisation of NTMs, bN could be increased well above the usual onset level without a reappearance of the NTM. ECRH and ECCD have also been used to control the sawtooth repetition frequency at a moderate fraction of the total heating power. The inner wall of the ASDEX Upgrade vessel has increasingly been covered with tungsten without detrimental effects on plasma performance. Regarding scenario integration, a scenario with a large fraction of noninductively driven current ( 50%), but without internal tranport barrier has been established. It combines improved confinement (tE=tITER98 1:2) and stability (bN 3:5) at high Greenwald fraction (ne=nGW 0:85) in steady state and with type II ELMy edge
Published: 2003

35. The time behaviour of radial electric fields at the L-H transition from the observation of ripple-trapped ions

Author: W Herrmann, J A Heikkinen, T Kurki-Suonio, and the ASDEX Upgrade Team
Subjects: Physics, Flux (metallurgy), Nuclear Energy and Engineering, Electric field, Drop (liquid), Monte Carlo method, Ripple, Plasma diagnostics, Atomic physics, Condensed Matter Physics, Neutral particle, Ion
Abstract: The density of ripple-trapped ions is strongly influenced by negative radial electric fields that can compensate the grad B drift. This density can be monitored with a time resolution of about by the measurement of charge-exchange neutral particle fluxes. According to Monte Carlo and Fokker-Planck calculations these fluxes should respond with a time delay of less than , if the halfwidth of the electric field is reasonably large (a few centimetres). In the experiment, rise times of the fluxes after the L-H transition are longer or about 1 ms; jumps of the electric field in much shorter times can be excluded under such circumstances. The same is found for the H-L transition, where the flux measurement does not show any indication for a fast drop of the fields.
Published: 1998
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36. Studies of the Quiescent H-mode regime in ASDEX Upgrade and JET.

Author: W. Suttrop, V. Hynönen, T. Kurki-Suonio, P.T. Lang, M. Maraschek, R. Neu, A. Stäbler, G.D. Conway, S. Hacquin, M. Kempenaars, P.J. Lomas, M.F.F. Nave, R.A. Pitts, K.-D. Zastrow, and the ASDEX Upgrade team and contributors to the JET-EFDA workprogramme
Published: 2005

37. Laser Self-Trapping for the Plasma Fiber Accelerator

Author: D. C. Barnes, Toshiki Tajima, and T. Kurki-Suonio
Subjects: Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Optical fiber, business.industry, Physics::Optics, Self-focusing, Condensed Matter Physics, Plasma acceleration, Laser, Beam parameter product, law.invention, Optics, Physics::Plasma Physics, law, Fiber laser, Electromagnetic electron wave, Laser beam quality, business
Abstract: A short-pulsed intense laser is injected into an underdense plasma to sustain a self-trapped photon channel. With either high-enough intensity or strong-enough focusing the optical beam causes total electron evacuation on the beam axis. Under appropriate conditions this laser and plasma fiber system can provide a slow wave structure of the electromagnetic wave that is suitable for high-energy acceleration.
Published: 1987
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38. Self-focusing of an optical beam in a plasma

Author: Philip J. Morrison, Toshiki Tajima, and T. Kurki-Suonio
Subjects: Physics, Physics::Plasma Physics, Wave propagation, Self-focusing, Plasma, Electron, Atomic physics, Ponderomotive force, Scaling, Electromagnetic radiation, Beam (structure), Computational physics
Abstract: Self-focusing of an intense optical beam in a plasma is studied, including the nonlinear effects of both the relativistic electron mass and the ponderomotive potential due to the electromagnetic wave. An exact steady-state asymptotic solution of beam propagation in a localized solitary waveform is obtained in slab geometry. Amplitude-width scaling relations are obtained, which imply that the width is limited to be less than the square root of three collisionless skin depths. In the weakly relativistic limit our solution reduces to the solution obtained by Schmidt and Horton (Comm. Plasma Phys. Controlled Fusion E 9, 85 (1985)). Solutions where the beam profile is of oscillatory nature, which correspond to the presence of the steady-state solution of a multiple-beamlet profile, are also presented. Finally, the asymptotic nature of the solitary wave is tested using a recently developed numerical particle simulation code.
Published: 1989
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39. Localized profiles of optical beams in plasma

Author: Philip J. Morrison, T. Kurki-Suonio, and Toshiki Tajima
Subjects: Electromagnetic field, Physics, Physics::Plasma Physics, Wave propagation, Quantum electrodynamics, Electron, Plasma, Perturbation theory, Electromagnetic radiation, Scaling, Beam (structure)
Abstract: Self‐focusing of an intense optical beam in a plasma is studied, including the nonlinear effects of both the relativistic electron mass and the ponderomotive potential due to the electromagnetic wave. An exact steady asymptotic solution of beam propagation in a localized solitary wave form is obtained in slab geometry. Amplitude‐width scaling relations are obtained, which imply that the width is limited to be less than square root of three of the collisionless skin depth. In the nonrelativistic limit, keeping only the relativistic mass effects, our solution reduces to the solution obtained by Schmidt and Horton. The asymptotic nature of the solitary wave is tested using a recently developed numerical particle simulation code.
Published: 1989
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40. Modelling one-third field operation in the ITER pre-fusion power operation phase.

Author: M. Schneider, A.R. Polevoi, S.H. Kim, A. Loarte, S.D. Pinches, J-F. Artaud, E. Militello-ASP, B. Beaumont, R. Bilato, D. Boilson, D.J. Campbell, P. Dumortier, D. Farina, L. Figini, Y. Gribov, M. Henderson, R.R. Khayrutdinov, A.A. Kavin, F. Köchl, and T. Kurki-Suonio
Subjects: PLASMA beam injection heating, ELECTRON cyclotron resonance heating, CYCLOTRON resonance, HELIUM plasmas, NEUTRAL beams, PLASMA currents
Abstract: In the four-stage approach of the new ITER Research Plan, the first pre-fusion power operation (PFPO) phase will only have limited power available from external heating and current drive (H&CD) systems: 20–30 MW provided by the electron cyclotron resonance heating (ECRH) system. Accessing the H-mode confinement regime at such low auxiliary power requires operating at low magnetic field, plasma current and density, i.e. 1.8 T and 5 MA for a density between 40% and 50% of the Greenwald density. H-mode plasmas at 5 MA/1.8 T will also be investigated in the second PFPO phase when ITER will have its full complement of H&CD capabilities installed, i.e. 20–30 MW of ECRH, 20 MW of ion cyclotron resonance heating and 33 MW of neutral beam injection. This paper describes the operational constraints and the H&CD capabilities for such scenarios in hydrogen and helium plasmas, to assess their viability and the issues it will be possible to address with them. The modelling results show that 5 MA/1.8 T scenarios are viable and will allow the exploration of the H-mode physics and control issues foreseen in the ITER Research Programme in the PFPO phases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Published: 2019
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41. Overview of JET results for optimising ITER operation

Author: J. Mailloux, N. Abid, K. Abraham, P. Abreu, O. Adabonyan, P. Adrich, V. Afanasev, M. Afzal, T. Ahlgren, L. Aho-Mantila, N. Aiba, M. Airila, M. Akhtar, R. Albanese, M. Alderson-Martin, D. Alegre, S. Aleiferis, A. Aleksa, A.G. Alekseev, E. Alessi, P. Aleynikov, J. Algualcil, M. Ali, M. Allinson, B. Alper, E. Alves, G. Ambrosino, R. Ambrosino, V. Amosov, E.Andersson Sundén, P. Andrew, B.M. Angelini, C. Angioni, I. Antoniou, L.C. Appel, C. Appelbee, S. Aria, M. Ariola, G. Artaserse, W. Arter, V. Artigues, N. Asakura, A. Ash, N. Ashikawa, V. Aslanyan, M. Astrain, O. Asztalos, D. Auld, F. Auriemma, Y. Austin, L. Avotina, E. Aymerich, A. Baciero, F. Bairaktaris, J. Balbin, L. Balbinot, I. Balboa, M. Balden, C. Balshaw, N. Balshaw, V.K. Bandaru, J. Banks, Yu.F. Baranov, C. Barcellona, A. Barnard, M. Barnard, R. Barnsley, A. Barth, M. Baruzzo, S. Barwell, M. Bassan, A. Batista, P. Batistoni, L. Baumane, B. Bauvir, L. Baylor, P.S. Beaumont, D. Beckett, A. Begolli, M. Beidler, N. Bekris, M. Beldishevski, E. Belli, F. Belli, É. Belonohy, M. Ben Yaala, J. Benayas, J. Bentley, H. Bergsåker, J. Bernardo, M. Bernert, M. Berry, L. Bertalot, H. Betar, M. Beurskens, S. Bickerton, B. Bieg, J. Bielecki, A. Bierwage, T. Biewer, R. Bilato, P. Bílková, G. Birkenmeier, H. Bishop, J.P.S. Bizarro, J. Blackburn, P. Blanchard, P. Blatchford, V. Bobkov, A. Boboc, P. Bohm, T. Bohm, I. Bolshakova, T. Bolzonella, N. Bonanomi, D. Bonfiglio, X. Bonnin, P. Bonofiglo, S. Boocock, A. Booth, J. Booth, D. Borba, D. Borodin, I. Borodkina, C. Boulbe, C. Bourdelle, M. Bowden, K. Boyd, I.Božičević Mihalić, S.C. Bradnam, V. Braic, L. Brandt, R. Bravanec, B. Breizman, A. Brett, S. Brezinsek, M. Brix, K. Bromley, B. Brown, D. Brunetti, R. Buckingham, M. Buckley, R. Budny, J. Buermans, H. Bufferand, P. Buratti, A. Burgess, A. Buscarino, A. Busse, D. Butcher, E.de la Cal, G. Calabrò, L. Calacci, R. Calado, Y. Camenen, G. Canal, B. Cannas, M. Cappelli, S. Carcangiu, P. Card, A. Cardinali, P. Carman, D. Carnevale, M. Carr, D. Carralero, L. Carraro, I.S. Carvalho, P. Carvalho, I. Casiraghi, F.J. Casson, C. Castaldo, J.P. Catalan, N. Catarino, F. Causa, M. Cavedon, M. Cecconello, C.D. Challis, B. Chamberlain, C.S. Chang, A. Chankin, B. Chapman, M. Chernyshova, A. Chiariello, P. Chmielewski, A. Chomiczewska, L. Chone, G. Ciraolo, D. Ciric, J. Citrin, Ł. Ciupinski, M. Clark, R. Clarkson, C. Clements, M. Cleverly, J.P. Coad, P. Coates, A. Cobalt, V. Coccorese, R. Coelho, J.W. Coenen, I.H. Coffey, A. Colangeli, L. Colas, C. Collins, J. Collins, S. Collins, D. Conka, S. Conroy, B. Conway, N.J. Conway, D. Coombs, P. Cooper, S. Cooper, C. Corradino, G. Corrigan, D. Coster, P. Cox, T. Craciunescu, S. Cramp, C. Crapper, D. Craven, R. Craven, M.Crialesi Esposito, G. Croci, D. Croft, A. Croitoru, K. Crombé, T. Cronin, N. Cruz, C. Crystal, G. Cseh, A. Cufar, A. Cullen, M. Curuia, T. Czarski, H. Dabirikhah, A.Dal Molin, E. Dale, P. Dalgliesh, S. Dalley, J. Dankowski, P. David, A. Davies, S. Davies, G. Davis, K. Dawson, S. Dawson, I.E. Day, M. De Bock, G. De Temmerman, G. De Tommasi, K. Deakin, J. Deane, R. Dejarnac, D. Del Sarto, E. Delabie, D. Del-Castillo-Negrete, A. Dempsey, R.O. Dendy, P. Devynck, A. Di Siena, C. Di Troia, T. Dickson, P. Dinca, T. Dittmar, J. Dobrashian, R.P. Doerner, A.J.H. Donné, S. Dorling, S. Dormido-Canto, D. Douai, S. Dowson, R. Doyle, M. Dreval, P. Drewelow, P. Drews, G. Drummond, Ph. Duckworth, H. Dudding, R. Dumont, P. Dumortier, D. Dunai, T. Dunatov, M. Dunne, I. Ďuran, F. Durodié, R. Dux, A. Dvornova, R. Eastham, J. Edwards, Th. Eich, A. Eichorn, N. Eidietis, A. Eksaeva, H. El Haroun, G. Ellwood, C. Elsmore, O. Embreus, S. Emery, G. Ericsson, B. Eriksson, F. Eriksson, J. Eriksson, L.G. Eriksson, S. Ertmer, S. Esquembri, A.L. Esquisabel, T. Estrada, G. Evans, S. Evans, E. Fable, D. Fagan, M. Faitsch, M. Falessi, A. Fanni, A. Farahani, I. Farquhar, A. Fasoli, B. Faugeras, S. Fazinić, F. Felici, R. Felton, A. Fernandes, H. Fernandes, J. Ferrand, D.R. Ferreira, J. Ferreira, G. Ferrò, J. Fessey, O. Ficker, A.R. Field, A. Figueiredo, J. Figueiredo, A. Fil, N. Fil, P. Finburg, D. Fiorucci, U. Fischer, G. Fishpool, L. Fittill, M. Fitzgerald, D. Flammini, J. Flanagan, K. Flinders, S. Foley, N. Fonnesu, M. Fontana, J.M. Fontdecaba, S. Forbes, A. Formisano, T. Fornal, L. Fortuna, E. Fortuna-Zalesna, M. Fortune, C. Fowler, E. Fransson, L. Frassinetti, M. Freisinger, R. Fresa, R. Fridström, D. Frigione, T. Fülöp, M. Furseman, V. Fusco, S. Futatani, D. Gadariya, K. Gál, D. Galassi, K. Gałązka, S. Galeani, D. Gallart, R. Galvão, Y. Gao, J. Garcia, M. García-Muñoz, M. Gardener, L. Garzotti, J. Gaspar, R. Gatto, P. Gaudio, D. Gear, T. Gebhart, S. Gee, M. Gelfusa, R. George, S.N. Gerasimov, G. Gervasini, M. Gethins, Z. Ghani, M. Gherendi, F. Ghezzi, J.C. Giacalone, L. Giacomelli, G. Giacometti, C. Gibson, K.J. Gibson, L. Gil, A. Gillgren, D. Gin, E. Giovannozzi, C. Giroud, R. Glen, S. Glöggler, J. Goff, P. Gohil, V. Goloborodko, R. Gomes, B. Gonçalves, M. Goniche, A. Goodyear, S. Gore, G. Gorini, T. Görler, N. Gotts, R. Goulding, E. Gow, B. Graham, J.P. Graves, H. Greuner, B. Grierson, J. Griffiths, S. Griph, D. Grist, W. Gromelski, M. Groth, R. Grove, M. Gruca, D. Guard, N. Gupta, C. Gurl, A. Gusarov, L. Hackett, S. Hacquin, R. Hager, L. Hägg, A. Hakola, M. Halitovs, S. Hall, S.A. Hall, S. Hallworth-Cook, C.J. Ham, D. Hamaguchi, M. Hamed, C. Hamlyn-Harris, K. Hammond, E. Harford, J.R. Harrison, D. Harting, Y. Hatano, D.R. Hatch, T. Haupt, J. Hawes, N.C. Hawkes, J. Hawkins, T. Hayashi, S. Hazael, S. Hazel, P. Heesterman, B. Heidbrink, W. Helou, O. Hemming, S.S. Henderson, R.B. Henriques, D. Hepple, J. Herfindal, G. Hermon, J. Hill, J.C. Hillesheim, K. Hizanidis, A. Hjalmarsson, A. Ho, J. Hobirk, O. Hoenen, C. Hogben, A. Hollingsworth, S. Hollis, E. Hollmann, M. Hölzl, B. Homan, M. Hook, D. Hopley, J. Horáček, D. Horsley, N. Horsten, A. Horton, L.D. Horton, L. Horvath, S. Hotchin, R. Howell, Z. Hu, A. Huber, V. Huber, T. Huddleston, G.T.A. Huijsmans, P. Huynh, A. Hynes, M. Iliasova, D. Imrie, M. Imríšek, J. Ingleby, P. Innocente, K. Insulander Björk, N. Isernia, I. Ivanova-Stanik, E. Ivings, S. Jablonski, S. Jachmich, T. Jackson, P. Jacquet, H. Järleblad, F. Jaulmes, J.Jenaro Rodriguez, I. Jepu, E. Joffrin, R. Johnson, T. Johnson, J. Johnston, C. Jones, G. Jones, L. Jones, N. Jones, T. Jones, A. Joyce, R. Juarez, M. Juvonen, P. Kalniņa, T. Kaltiaisenaho, J. Kaniewski, A. Kantor, A. Kappatou, J. Karhunen, D. Karkinsky, Yu Kashchuk, M. Kaufman, G. Kaveney, Ye.O. Kazakov, V. Kazantzidis, D.L. Keeling, R. Kelly, M. Kempenaars, C. Kennedy, D. Kennedy, J. Kent, K. Khan, E. Khilkevich, C. Kiefer, J. Kilpeläinen, C. Kim, Hyun-Tae Kim, S.H. Kim, D.B. King, R. King, D. Kinna, V.G. Kiptily, A. Kirjasuo, K.K. Kirov, A. Kirschner, T. kiviniemi, G. Kizane, M. Klas, C. Klepper, A. Klix, G. Kneale, M. Knight, P. Knight, R. Knights, S. Knipe, M. Knolker, S. Knott, M. Kocan, F. Köchl, I. Kodeli, Y. Kolesnichenko, Y. Kominis, M. Kong, V. Korovin, B. Kos, D. Kos, H.R. Koslowski, M. Kotschenreuther, M. Koubiti, E. Kowalska-Strzęciwilk, K. Koziol, A. Krasilnikov, V. Krasilnikov, M. Kresina, K. Krieger, N. Krishnan, A. Krivska, U. Kruezi, I. Książek, A.B. Kukushkin, H. Kumpulainen, T. Kurki-Suonio, H. Kurotaki, S. Kwak, O.J. Kwon, L. Laguardia, E. Lagzdina, A. Lahtinen, A. Laing, N. Lam, H.T. Lambertz, B. Lane, C. Lane, E.Lascas Neto, E. Łaszyńska, K.D. Lawson, A. Lazaros, E. Lazzaro, G. Learoyd, Chanyoung Lee, S.E. Lee, S. Leerink, T. Leeson, X. Lefebvre, H.J. Leggate, J. Lehmann, M. Lehnen, D. Leichtle, F. Leipold, I. Lengar, M. Lennholm, E. Leon Gutierrez, B. Lepiavko, J. Leppänen, E. Lerche, A. Lescinskis, J. Lewis, W. Leysen, L. Li, Y. Li, J. Likonen, Ch. Linsmeier, B. Lipschultz, X. Litaudon, E. Litherland-Smith, F. Liu, T. Loarer, A. Loarte, R. Lobel, B. Lomanowski, P.J. Lomas, J.M. López, R. Lorenzini, S. Loreti, U. Losada, V.P. Loschiavo, M. Loughlin, Z. Louka, J. Lovell, T. Lowe, C. Lowry, S. Lubbad, T. Luce, R. Lucock, A. Lukin, C. Luna, E.de la Luna, M. Lungaroni, C.P. Lungu, T. Lunt, V. Lutsenko, B. Lyons, A. Lyssoivan, M. Machielsen, E. Macusova, R. Mäenpää, C.F. Maggi, R. Maggiora, M. Magness, S. Mahesan, H. Maier, R. Maingi, K. Malinowski, P. Manas, P. Mantica, M.J. Mantsinen, J. Manyer, A. Manzanares, Ph. Maquet, G. Marceca, N. Marcenko, C. Marchetto, O. Marchuk, A. Mariani, G. Mariano, M. Marin, M. Marinelli, T. Markovič, D. Marocco, L. Marot, S. Marsden, J. Marsh, R. Marshall, L. Martellucci, A. Martin, A.J. Martin, R. Martone, S. Maruyama, M. Maslov, S. Masuzaki, S. Matejcik, M. Mattei, G.F. Matthews, D. Matveev, E. Matveeva, A. Mauriya, F. Maviglia, M. Mayer, M.-L. Mayoral, S. Mazzi, C. Mazzotta, R. McAdams, P.J. McCarthy, K.G. McClements, J. McClenaghan, P. McCullen, D.C. McDonald, D. McGuckin, D. McHugh, G. McIntyre, R. McKean, J. McKehon, B. McMillan, L. McNamee, A. McShee, A. Meakins, S. Medley, C.J. Meekes, K. Meghani, A.G. Meigs, G. Meisl, S. Meitner, S. Menmuir, K. Mergia, S. Merriman, Ph. Mertens, S. Meshchaninov, A. Messiaen, R. Michling, P. Middleton, D. Middleton-Gear, J. Mietelski, D. Milanesio, E. Milani, F. Militello, A.Militello Asp, J. Milnes, A. Milocco, G. Miloshevsky, C. Minghao, S. Minucci, I. Miron, M. Miyamoto, J. Mlynář, V. Moiseenko, P. Monaghan, I. Monakhov, T. Moody, S. Moon, R. Mooney, S. Moradi, J. Morales, R.B. Morales, S. Mordijck, L. Moreira, L. Morgan, F. Moro, J. Morris, K.-M. Morrison, L. Msero, D. Moulton, T. Mrowetz, T. Mundy, M. Muraglia, A. Murari, A. Muraro, N. Muthusonai, B. N’Konga, Yong-Su Na, F. Nabais, M. Naden, J. Naish, R. Naish, F. Napoli, E. Nardon, V. Naulin, M.F.F. Nave, I. Nedzelskiy, G. Nemtsev, V. Nesenevich, I. Nestoras, R. Neu, V.S. Neverov, S. Ng, M. Nicassio, A.H. Nielsen, D. Nina, D. Nishijima, C. Noble, C.R. Nobs, M. Nocente, D. Nodwell, K. Nordlund, H. Nordman, R. Normanton, J.M. Noterdaeme, S. Nowak, E. Nunn, H. Nyström, M. Oberparleiter, B. Obryk, J. O'Callaghan, T. Odupitan, H.J.C. Oliver, R. Olney, M. O’Mullane, J. Ongena, E. Organ, F. Orsitto, J. Orszagh, T. Osborne, R. Otin, T. Otsuka, A. Owen, Y. Oya, M. Oyaizu, R. Paccagnella, N. Pace, L.W. Packer, S. Paige, E. Pajuste, D. Palade, S.J.P. Pamela, N. Panadero, E. Panontin, A. Papadopoulos, G. Papp, P. Papp, V.V. Parail, C. Pardanaud, J. Parisi, F.Parra Diaz, A. Parsloe, M. Parsons, N. Parsons, M. Passeri, A. Patel, A. Pau, G. Pautasso, R. Pavlichenko, A. Pavone, E. Pawelec, C.Paz Soldan, A. Peacock, M. Pearce, E. Peluso, C. Penot, K. Pepperell, R. Pereira, T. Pereira, E.Perelli Cippo, P. Pereslavtsev, C. Perez von Thun, V. Pericoli, D. Perry, M. Peterka, P. Petersson, G. Petravich, N. Petrella, M. Peyman, M. Pillon, S. Pinches, G. Pintsuk, W. Pires de Sá, A. Pires dos Reis, C. Piron, L. Pionr, A. Pironti, R. Pitts, K.L. van de Plassche, N. Platt, V. Plyusnin, M. Podesta, G. Pokol, F.M. Poli, O.G. Pompilian, S. Popovichev, M. Poradziński, M.T. Porfiri, M. Porkolab, C. Porosnicu, M. Porton, G. Poulipoulis, I. Predebon, G. Prestopino, C. Price, D. Price, M. Price, D. Primetzhofer, P. Prior, G. Provatas, G. Pucella, P. Puglia, K. Purahoo, I. Pusztai, O. Putignano, T. Pütterich, A. Quercia, E. Rachlew, G. Radulescu, V. Radulovic, M. Rainford, P. Raj, G. Ralph, G. Ramogida, D. Rasmussen, J.J. Rasmussen, G. Rattá, S. Ratynskaia, M. Rebai, D. Réfy, R. Reichle, M. Reinke, D. Reiser, C. Reux, S. Reynolds, M.L. Richiusa, S. Richyal, D. Rigamonti, F.G. Rimini, J. Risner, M. Riva, J. Rivero-Rodriguez, C.M. Roach, R. Robins, S. Robinson, D. Robson, R. Rodionov, P. Rodrigues, M.Rodriguez Ramos, P. Rodriguez-Fernandez, F. Romanelli, M. Romanelli, S. Romanelli, J. Romazanov, R. Rossi, S. Rowe, D. Rowlands, M. Rubel, G. Rubinacci, G. Rubino, L. Ruchko, M. Ruiz, J.Ruiz Ruiz, C. Ruset, J. Rzadkiewicz, S. Saarelma, E. Safi, A. Sahlberg, M. Salewski, A. Salmi, R. Salmon, F. Salzedas, I. Sanders, D. Sandiford, B. Santos, A. Santucci, K. Särkimäki, R. Sarwar, I. 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Ström, C.I. Stuart, W. Studholme, M. Subramani, E. Suchkov, S. Sumida, H.J. Sun, T.E. Susts, J. Svensson, J. Svoboda, R. Sweeney, D. Sytnykov, T. Szabolics, G. Szepesi, B. Tabia, T. Tadić, B. Tál, T. Tala, A. Tallargio, P. Tamain, H. Tan, K. Tanaka, W. Tang, M. Tardocchi, D. Taylor, A.S. Teimane, G. Telesca, N. Teplova, A. Teplukhina, D. Terentyev, A. Terra, D. Terranova, N. Terranova, D. Testa, E. Tholerus, J. Thomas, E. Thoren, A. Thorman, W. Tierens, R.A. Tinguely, A. Tipton, H. Todd, M. Tokitani, P. Tolias, M. Tomeš, A. Tookey, Y. Torikai, U. von Toussaint, P. Tsavalas, D. Tskhakaya, I. Turner, M. Turner, M.M. Turner, M. Turnyanskiy, G. Tvalashvili, S. Tyrrell, M. Tyshchenko, A. Uccello, V. Udintsev, G. Urbanczyk, A. Vadgama, D. Valcarcel, M. Valisa, P.Vallejos Olivares, O. Vallhagen, M. Valovič, D. Van Eester, J. Varje, S. Vartanian, T. Vasilopoulou, G. Vayakis, M. Vecsei, J. Vega, S. Ventre, G. Verdoolaege, C. Verona, G.Verona Rinati, E. Veshchev, N. Vianello, E. Viezzer, L. 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Zocco, A. Zohar, V. Zoita, S. Zoletnik, V.K. Zotta, I. Zoulias, W. Zwingmann, I. Zychor, VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, Culham Science Centre, Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory, Department of Applied Physics, Uppsala University, European Commission, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Universidade Lisboa, Fusion and Plasma Physics, University of Milan - Bicocca, General Atomics, ITER, University of Toyama, CEA, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Technical University of Madrid, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Lausanne, Dutch Institute for Fundamental Energy Research, Royal Military Academy, Seoul National University, Chalmers University of Technology, Max-Planck-Institut für Plasmaphysik, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Aalto-yliopisto, Aalto University, JET Contributor, Mailloux, Joelle, Chiariello, Andrea, Martone, Raffaele, Formisano, Alessandro, Mattei, Massimiliano, Faculdade de Engenharia, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya. 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Subjects: Technology, TOKAMAKS, PLASMAS, overview, CONFINEMENT, plasma facing components (PFC), ILW, tritium operations, d-t preparation, deuterium, D–T preparation, nuclear technology, JET with ITER-like wall, isotope, Física::Física de fluids::Física de plasmes [Àrees temàtiques de la UPC], Settore FIS/01, GAS HANDLING-SYSTEM, JET, Overview, ITER-like wall (ILW), D-T preparation, energetic particles, scenario development, Shattered Pellet Injection (SPI), plasma-wall interactions (PWI), tritium, Physics, Settore ING-IND/18 - Fisica dei Reattori Nucleari, shutdown dose-rate, gas handling-system, Condensed Matter Physics, simulation, Fusion, Plasma and Space Physics, ilw, confinement, Physical Sciences, SIMULATION, JET with ITER-like wallisotope, ddc:620, performance, plasma facing components (pfc), Nuclear and High Energy Physics, DEUTERIUM, jet with iter-like wall, Fusion, plasma och rymdfysik, Physics, Fluids & Plasmas, BERYLLIUM, divertor, TRITIUM, Science & Technology, Reactors de fusió, tritium operation, Nuclear energy, PERFORMANCE, beryllium, SHUTDOWN DOSE-RATE, Fusion reactors, Physics and Astronomy, JET programme, Energia nuclear, DIVERTOR, ddc:600
Abstract: The JET 2019–2020 scientific and technological programme exploited the results of years of concerted scientific and engineering work, including the ITER-like wall (ILW: Be wall and W divertor) installed in 2010, improved diagnostic capabilities now fully available, a major neutral beam injection upgrade providing record power in 2019–2020, and tested the technical and procedural preparation for safe operation with tritium. Research along three complementary axes yielded a wealth of new results. Firstly, the JET plasma programme delivered scenarios suitable for high fusion power and alpha particle (a) physics in the coming D–T campaign (DTE2), with record sustained neutron rates, as well as plasmas for clarifying the impact of isotope mass on plasma core, edge and plasma-wall interactions, and for ITER pre-fusion power operation. The efficacy of the newly installed shattered pellet injector for mitigating disruption forces and runaway electrons was demonstrated. Secondly, research on the consequences of long-term exposure to JET-ILW plasma was completed, with emphasis on wall damage and fuel retention, and with analyses of wall materials and dust particles that will help validate assumptions and codes for design and operation of ITER and DEMO. Thirdly, the nuclear technology programme aiming to deliver maximum technological return from operations in D, T and D–T benefited from the highest D–D neutron yield in years, securing results for validating radiation transport and activation codes, and nuclear data for ITER. This work has been carried out within the framework of the EUROfusion Consortium and has received funding from the Euratom research and training programme 2014–2018 and 2019–2020 under Grant Agreement No. 633053. Peer Reviewed Article signat per 1223 autors/autores: J. Mailloux1, N. Abid1, K. Abraham1, P. Abreu2, O. Adabonyan1, P. Adrich3, V. Afanasev4, M. Afzal1, T. Ahlgren5, L. Aho-Mantila6, N. Aiba7, M. Airila6, M. Akhtar1, R. Albanese8, M. Alderson-Martin1, D. Alegre9, S. Aleiferis10, A. Aleksa1, A.G. Alekseev11, E. Alessi12, P. Aleynikov13, J. Algualcil14, M. Ali1, M. Allinson1, B. Alper1, E. Alves2, G. Ambrosino8, R. Ambrosino8, V. Amosov15, E.Andersson Sunden16, P. Andrew13, B.M. Angelini17, C. Angioni18, I. Antoniou1, L.C. Appel1, C. Appelbee1, S. Aria1, M. Ariola8, G. Artaserse17, W. Arter1, V. Artigues18, N. Asakura7, A. Ash1, N. Ashikawa19, V. Aslanyan20, M. Astrain21, O. Asztalos22, D. Auld1, F. Auriemma23, Y. Austin1, L. Avotina24, E. Aymerich25, A. Baciero9, F. Bairaktaris26, J. Balbin27, L. Balbinot23, I. Balboa1, M. Balden18, C. Balshaw1, N. Balshaw1, V.K. Bandaru18, J. Banks1, Yu.F. Baranov1, C. Barcellona28, A. Barnard1, M. Barnard1, R. Barnsley13, A. Barth1, M. Baruzzo17, S. Barwell1, M. Bassan13, A. Batista2, P. Batistoni17, L. Baumane24, B. Bauvir13, L. Baylor29, P.S. Beaumont1, D. Beckett1, A. Begolli1, M. Beidler29, N. Bekris30,31, M. Beldishevski1, E. Belli32, F. Belli17, É. Belonohy1, M. Ben Yaala33, J. Benayas1, J. Bentley1, H. Bergsåker34, J. Bernardo2, M. Bernert18, M. Berry1, L. Bertalot13, H. Betar35, M. Beurskens36, S. Bickerton1, B. Bieg37, J. Bielecki38, A. Bierwage7, T. Biewer29, R. Bilato18, P. Bílková39, G. Birkenmeier18, H. Bishop1, J.P.S. Bizarro2, J. Blackburn1, P. Blanchard40, P. Blatchford1, V. Bobkov18, A. Boboc1, P. Bohm39, T. Bohm41, I. Bolshakova42, T. Bolzonella23, N. Bonanomi18, D. Bonfiglio23, X. Bonnin13, P. Bonofiglo43, S. Boocock1, A. Booth1, J. Booth1, D. Borba2,30, D. Borodin44, I. Borodkina39,44, C. Boulbe45, C. Bourdelle27, M. Bowden1, K. Boyd1, I.Bozicevic Mihalic46, S.C. Bradnam1, V. Braic47, L. Brandt48, R. Bravanec49, B. Breizman50, A. Brett1, S. Brezinsek44, M. Brix1, K. Bromley1, B. Brown1, D. Brunetti1,12, R. Buckingham1, M. Buckley1, R. Budny, J. Buermans51, H. Bufferand27, P. Buratti17, A. Burgess1, A. Buscarino28, A. Busse1, D. Butcher1, E.de la Cal9, G. Calabrò52, L. Calacci53, R. Calado2, Y. Camenen54, G. 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Meakins1, S. Medley1, C.J. Meekes60,100, K. Meghani1, A.G. Meigs1, G. Meisl18, S. Meitner29, S. Menmuir1, K. Mergia10, S. Merriman1, Ph. Mertens44, S. Meshchaninov15, A. Messiaen51, R. Michling57, P. Middleton1, D. Middleton-Gear1, J. Mietelski38, D. Milanesio96, E. Milani53, F. Militello1, A.Militello Asp1, J. Milnes1, A. Milocco56, G. Miloshevsky101, C. Minghao1, S. Minucci52, I. Miron63, M. Miyamoto102, J. Mlynár39,103, V. Moiseenko71, P. Monaghan1, I. Monakhov1, T. Moody1, S. Moon34, R. Mooney1, S. Moradi51, J. Morales27, R.B. Morales1, S. Mordijck104, L. Moreira1, L. Morgan1, F. Moro17, J. Morris1, K.-M. Morrison1, L. Msero13,33, D. Moulton1, T. Mrowetz1, T. Mundy1, M. Muraglia54, A. Murari23,30, A. Muraro12, N. Muthusonai1, B. N’Konga45, Yong-Su Na92, F. Nabais2, M. Naden1, J. Naish1, R. Naish1, F. Napoli17, E. Nardon27, V. Naulin86, M.F.F. Nave2, I. Nedzelskiy3, G. Nemtsev15, V. Nesenevich4, I. Nestoras1, R. Neu18, V.S. Neverov11, S. Ng1, M. Nicassio1, A.H. Nielsen86, D. Nina2, D. Nishijima105, C. Noble1, C.R. Nobs1, M. Nocente56, D. Nodwell1, K. Nordlund5, H. Nordman13, R. Normanton1, J.M. Noterdaeme18, S. Nowak12, E. Nunn1, H. Nyström34, M. Oberparleiter74, B. Obryk38, J. O’Callaghan1, T. Odupitan1, H.J.C. Oliver1,50, R. Olney1, M. O’Mullane106, J. Ongena51, E. Organ1, F. Orsitto8, J. Orszagh88, T. Osborne32, R. Otin1, T. Otsuka107, A. Owen1, Y. Oya108, M. Oyaizu7, R. Paccagnella23, N. Pace1, L.W. Packer1, S. Paige1, E. Pajuste24, D. Palade63, S.J.P. Pamela1, N. Panadero9, E. Panontin56, A. Papadopoulos26, G. Papp18, P. Papp88, V.V. Parail1, C. Pardanaud54, J. Parisi1,109, F.Parra Diaz109, A. Parsloe1, M. Parsons29, N. Parsons1, M. Passeri53, A. Patel1, A. Pau40, G. Pautasso18, R. Pavlichenko71, A. Pavone36, E. Pawelec90, C.Paz Soldan110, A. Peacock1,75, M. Pearce1, E. Peluso53, C. Penot13, K. Pepperell1, R. Pereira2, T. Pereira2, E.Perelli Cippo12, P. Pereslavtsev107, C. Perez von Thun58, V. Pericoli58, D. Perry1, M. Peterka39, P. Petersson34, G. Petravich22, N. Petrella1, M. Peyman1, M. Pillon17, S. Pinches13, G. Pintsuk44, W. Pires de Sá55, A. Pires dos Reis55, C. Piron17, L. Pionr23,111, A. Pironti8, R. Pitts13, K.L. van de Plassche60, N. Platt1, V. Plyusnin2, M. Podesta43, G. Pokol22, F.M. Poli43, O.G. Pompilian63, S. Popovichev1, M. Poradzinski58, M.T. Porfiri17, M. Porkolab20, C. Porosnicu63, M. Porton1, G. Poulipoulis112, I. Predebon23, G. Prestopino53, C. Price1, D. Price1, M. Price1, D. Primetzhofer16, P. Prior1, G. Provatas46, G. Pucella17, P. Puglia40, K. Purahoo1, I. Pusztai73, O. Putignano56, T. Pütterich18, A. Quercia8, E. Rachlew73, G. Radulescu29, V. Radulovic65, M. Rainford1, P. Raj31, G. Ralph1, G. Ramogida17, D. Rasmussen29, J.J. Rasmussen86, G. Rattá9, S. Ratynskaia113, M. Rebai12, D. Refy22, R. Reichle13, M. Reinke29, D. Reiser44, C. Reux27, S. Reynolds1, M.L. Richiusa1, S. Richyal1, D. Rigamonti12, F.G. Rimini1, J. Risner29, M. Riva17, J. Rivero-Rodriguez79, C.M. Roach1, R. Robins1, S. Robinson1, D. Robson1, R. Rodionov87, P. Rodrigues2, M.Rodriguez Ramos109, P. Rodriguez-Fernandez3, F. Romanelli74, M. Romanelli1, S. Romanelli1, J. Romazanov44, R. Rossi53, S. Rowe1, D. Rowlands1,30, M. Rubel34, G. Rubinacci8, G. Rubino52, L. Ruchko55, M. Ruiz21, J.Ruiz Ruiz109, C. Ruset63, J. Rzadkiewicz3, S. Saarelma1, E. Safi5, A. Sahlberg16, M. Salewski86, A. Salmi6, R. Salmon1, F. Salzedas2,114, I. Sanders1, D. Sandiford1, B. Santos2, A. Santucci17, K. Särkimäki73, R. Sarwar1, I. Sarychev1, O. Sauter40, P. Sauwan14, N. Scapin48, F. Schluck44, K. Schmid18, S. Schmuck12, M. Schneider13, P.A. Schneider18, D. Schwörer67, G. Scott1, M. Scott1, D. Scraggs1, S. Scully1, M. Segato1, Jaemin Seo92, G. Sergienko44, M. Sertoli1, S.E. Sharapov1, A. Shaw1, H. Sheikh1, U. Sheikh40, A. Shepherd1, A. Shevelev4, P. Shigin13, K. Shinohara115, S. Shiraiwa43, D. Shiraki29, M. Short1, G. Sias25, S.A. Silburn1, A. Silva2, C. Silva2, J. Silva1, D. Silvagni18, D. Simfukwe1, J. Simpson1,59, D. Sinclair1, S.K. Sipilä59, A.C.C. Sips75, P. Siren5, A. Sirinelli13, H. Sjöstrand16, N. Skinner1, J. Slater1, N. Smith1, P. Smith1, J. Snell1, G. Snoep60, L. Snoj65, P. Snyder32, S. Soare63, E.R. Solano9, V. Solokha59, A. Somers67, C. Sommariva40, K. Soni33, E. Sorokovoy71, M. Sos39, J. Sousa2, C. Sozzi12, S. Spagnolo23, T. Spelzini1, F. Spineanu63, D. Spong29, D. Sprada1, S. Sridhar27, C. Srinivasan1, G. Stables1, G. Staebler32, I. Stamatelatos10, Z. Stancar65, P. Staniec1, G. Stankunas116, M. Stead1, E. Stefanikova34, A. Stephen1, J. Stephens1, P. Stevenson1, M. Stojanov1, P. Strand74, H.R. Strauss117, S. Strikwerda1, P. Ström34, C.I. Stuart1, W. Studholme1, M. Subramani1, E. Suchkov88, S. Sumida7, H.J. Sun1, T.E. Susts24, J. Svensson36, J. Svoboda39, R. Sweeney20, D. Sytnykov71, T. Szabolics22, G. Szepesi1, B. Tabia1, T. Tadic´46, B. Tál18, T. Tala6, A. Tallargio1, P. Tamain27, H. Tan1, K. Tanaka19, W. Tang43, M. Tardocchi12, D. Taylor1, A.S. Teimane24, G. Telesca58, N. Teplova4, A. Teplukhina43, D. Terentyev83, A. Terra44, D. Terranova23, N. Terranova17, D. Testa40, E. Tholerus1,34, J. Thomas1, E. Thoren113, A. Thorman1, W. Tierens18, R.A. Tinguely20, A. Tipton1, H. Todd1, M. Tokitani19, P. Tolias113, M. Tomes39, A. Tookey1, Y. Torikai118, U. von Toussaint18, P. Tsavalas10, D. Tskhakaya39,119, I. Turner1, M. Turner1, M.M. Turner67, M. Turnyanskiy1,69, G. Tvalashvili1, S. Tyrrell1, M. Tyshchenko82, A. Uccello12, V. Udintsev13, G. Urbanczyk27, A. Vadgama1, D. Valcarcel1, M. Valisa23, P.Vallejos Olivares34, O. Vallhagen73, M. Valovicˇ1, D. Van Eester51, J. Varje59, S. Vartanian27, T. Vasilopoulou10, G. Vayakis13, M. Vecsei22, J. Vega9, S. Ventre8, G. Verdoolaege64, C. Verona53, G.Verona Rinati53, E. Veshchev13, N. Vianello23, E. Viezzer79, L. Vignitchouk113, R. Vila9, R. Villari17, F. Villone8, P. Vincenzi23, I. Vinyar94, B. Viola17, A.J. Virtanen59, A. Vitins24, Z. Vizvary1, G. Vlad17, M. Vlad63, P. Vondrácek39, P.de Vries13, B. Wakeling1, N.R. Walkden1, M. Walker1, R. Walker1, M. Walsh13, E. Wang44, N. Wang1, S. Warder1, R. Warren1, J. Waterhouse1, C. Watts13, T. Wauters51, A. Weckmann34, H.Wedderburn Maxwell1, M. Weiland18, H. Weisen40, M. Weiszflog16, P. Welch1, N. Wendler58, A. West1, M. Wheatley1, S. Wheeler1, A. Whitehead1, D. Whittaker1, A. Widdowson1, S. Wiesen44, J. Wilkinson1, J.C. Williams1, D. Willoughby1, I. Wilson1, J. Wilson1, T. Wilson1, M. Wischmeier18, P. Wise1, G. Withenshaw1, A. Withycombe1, D. Witts1, A. Wojcik-Gargula38, E. Wolfrum18, R. Wood1, C. Woodley1, R. Woodley1, B. Woods1, J. Wright1, J.C. Wright20, T. Xu1, D. Yadikin74, M. Yajima19, Y. Yakovenko82, Y. Yang13, W. Yanling44, V. Yanovskiy39, I. Young1, R. Young1, R.J. Zabolockis24, J. Zacks1, R. Zagorski3, F.S. Zaitsev88, L. Zakharov5, A. Zarins24, D. Zarzoso Fernandez54, K.-D. Zastrow1, Y. Zayachuk1, M. Zerbini17, W. Zhang18, Y. Zhou34, M. Zlobinski44, A. Zocco36, A. Zohar65, V. Zoita63, S. Zoletnik22, V.K. Zotta81, I. Zoulias1, W. Zwingmann2 and I. Zychor3 // 1 United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority, Culham Science Centre, Abingdon, Oxon, OX14 3DB, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland 2 Instituto de Plasmas e Fusao Nuclear, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal 3 National Centre for Nuclear Research (NCBJ), 05-400 Otwock-Swierk, Poland 4 Ioffe Physico-Technical Institute, 26 Politekhnicheskaya, St Petersburg 194021, Russia 5 University of Helsinki, PO Box 43, FI-00014 University of Helsinki, Finland 6 VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, PO Box 1000, FIN-02044 VTT, Finland 7 National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Naka, Ibaraki 311-0193, Japan 8 Consorzio CREATE, Via Claudio 21, 80125 Napoli, Italy 9 Laboratorio Nacional de Fusión, CIEMAT, Madrid, Spain 10 NCSR ‘Demokritos’ 153 10, Agia Paraskevi Attikis, Greece 11 NRC Kurchatov Institute, 1 Kurchatov Square, Moscow 123182, Russia 12 Institute for Plasma Science and Technology, CNR, via R. Cozzi 53, 20125 Milano, Italy 13 ITER Organization, Route de Vinon-sur-Verdon, CS 90 046, 13067 Saint Paul Lez Durance Cedex, France 14 Universidad Nacional de Educacion a Distancia, Dept Ingn Energet, Calle Juan del Rosal 12, E-28040 Madrid, Spain 15 Troitsk Insitute of Innovating and Thermonuclear Research (TRINITI), Troitsk 142190, Moscow Region, Russia 16 Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, SE-75120 Uppsala, Sweden 17 Dip.to Fusione e Tecnologie per la Sicurezza Nucleare, ENEA C. R. Frascati, via E. Fermi 45, 00044 Frascati (Roma), Italy 18 Max-Planck-Institut für Plasmaphysik, D-85748 Garching, Germany 19 National Institute for Fusion Science, Oroshi, Toki, Gifu 509-5292, Japan 20 MIT Plasma Science and Fusion Center, Cambridge, MA 02139, United States of America 21 Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Grupo I2A2, Madrid, Spain 22 Centre for Energy Research, POB 49, H-1525 Budapest, Hungary 23 Consorzio RFX, Corso Stati Uniti 4, 35127 Padova, Italy 24 University of Latvia, 19 Raina Blvd., Riga, LV 1586, Latvia 25 Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Cagliari, Piazza d’Armi 09123 Cagliari, Italy 26 National Technical University of Athens, Iroon Politechniou 9, 157 73 Zografou, Athens, Greece 27 CEA, IRFM, F-13108 Saint Paul Lez Durance, France 28 Dipartimento di Ingegneria Elettrica Elettronica e Informatica, Università degli Studi di Catania, 95125 Catania, Italy 29 Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, TN, United States of America 30 EUROfusion Programme Management Unit, Culham Science Centre, Culham, OX14 3DB, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland 31 Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, PO Box 3640, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany 32 General Atomics, PO Box 85608, San Diego, CA 92186-5608, United States of America 33 Department of Physics, University of Basel, Switzerland 34 Fusion Plasma Physics, EECS, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, SE-10044 Stockholm, Sweden 35 Institut Jean Lamour, UMR 7198, CNRS-Université de Lorraine, 54500 Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France 36 Max-Planck-Institut für Plasmaphysik, Teilinsitut Greifswald, D-17491 Greifswald, Germany 37 Maritime University of Szczecin Faculty of Marine Engineering, Waly Chrobrego 1-2, 70-500 Szczecin, Poland 38 Institute of Nuclear Physics, Radzikowskiego 152, 31-342 Kraków, Poland 39 Institute of Plasma Physics of the CAS, Za Slovankou 1782/3, 182 00 Praha 8, Czech Republic 40 Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Swiss Plasma Center (SPC), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland 41 University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, United States of America 42 Magnetic Sensor Laboratory, Lviv Polytechnic National University, Lviv, Ukraine 43 Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory, James Forrestal Campus, Princeton, NJ 08543, NJ, United States of America 44 Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Institut für Energie- und Klimaforschung, Plasmaphysik, 52425 Jülich, Germany 45 Université Cote d’Azur, CNRS, Inria, LJAD, Parc Valrose, 06108 Nice Cedex 02, France 46 Ruder Boskovic Institute, Bijenicka 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia 47 The National Institute for Optoelectronics, Magurele-Bucharest, Romania 48 Mechanics, SCI, KTH SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden 49 Fourth State Research, 503 Lockhart Dr, Austin, TX, United States of America 50 University of Texas at Austin, Institute for Fusion Studies, Austin, TX 78712, United States of America 51 Laboratory for Plasma Physics LPP-ERM/KMS, B-1000 Brussels, Belgium 52 University of Tuscia, DEIM, Via del Paradiso 47, 01100 Viterbo, Italy 53 Università di Roma Tor Vergata, Via del Politecnico 1, Roma, Italy 54 Aix-Marseille University, CNRS, PIIM, UMR 7345, 13013 Marseille, France 55 Instituto de Física, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Rua do Mat˜ao Travessa R Nr.187, CEP 05508-090 Cidade Universitária, Sao Paulo, Brasil 56 University of Milano-Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza 3, 20126 Milano, Italy 57 Centre for Fusion, Space and Astrophysics, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland 58 Institute of Plasma Physics and Laser Microfusion, Hery 23, 01-497 Warsaw, Poland 59 Aalto University, PO Box 14100, FIN-00076 Aalto, Finland 60 FOM Institute DIFFER, Eindhoven, The Netherlands 61 Warsaw University of Technology, 02-507 Warsaw, Poland 62 Astrophysics Research Centre, School of Mathematics and Physics, Queen’s University, Belfast, BT7 1NN, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland 63 The National Institute for Laser, Plasma and Radiation Physics, Magurele-Bucharest, Romania 64 Department of Applied Physics, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium 65 Slovenian Fusion Association (SFA), Jozef Stefan Institute, Jamova 39, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia 66 The National Institute for Cryogenics and Isotopic Technology, Ramnicu Valcea, Romania 67 Dublin City University (DCU), Dublin, Ireland 68 University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, United States of America 69 EUROfusion Programme Management Unit, Boltzmannstr. 2, 85748 Garching, Germany 70 UNED, Dpto. Informática y Automática, Madrid, Spain 71 National Science Center ‘Kharkov Institute of Physics and Technology’, Akademichna 1, Kharkiv 61108, Ukraine 72 York Plasma Institute, Department of Physics, University of York, York, YO10 5DD, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland 73 Department of Physics, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-41296 Gothenburg, Sweden 74 Department of Space, Earth and Environment, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-41296 Gothenburg, Sweden 75 European Commission, B-1049 Brussels, Belgium 76 University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, TN, United States of America 77 Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain 78 Barcelona Supercomputing Center, Barcelona, Spain 79 Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain 80 Aix-Marseille University, CNRS, IUSTI, UMR 7343, 13013 Marseille, France 81 Dipartimento di Ingegneria Astronautica, Elettrica ed Energetica, SAPIENZA Università di Roma, Via Eudossiana 18, 00184 Roma, Italy 82 Institute for Nuclear Research, Prospekt Nauky 47, Kyiv 03680, Ukraine 83 Studiecentrum voor Kernenergie—Centre d’Etude de l’Energie Nucléaire, Boeretang 200, 2400 Mol, Belgium 84 University of Toyama, Toyama, 930-8555, Japan 85 University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United States of America 86 Department of Physics, Technical University of Denmark, Bldg 309, DK-2800 Kgs Lyngby, Denmark 87 Institution ‘Project Center ITER’, Moscow, 123182, Russia 88 Faculty of Mathematics, Department of Experimental Physics, Physics and Informatics Comenius University Mlynska dolina F2, 84248 Bratislava, Slovakia 89 University College Cork (UCC), Cork, Ireland 90 Institute of Physics, Opole University, Oleska 48, 45-052 Opole, Poland 91 Daegu University, Jillyang, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk 712-174, Republic of Korea 92 Department of Nuclear Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea 93 Fusion for Energy Joint Undertaking, Josep Pl. 2, Torres Diagonal Litoral B3, 08019, Barcelona, Spain 94 PELIN LLC, 27a, Gzhatskaya Ulitsa, Saint Petersburg, 195220, Russia 95 Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, United States of America 96 Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24, I-10129 Torino, Italy 97 ICREA and Barcelona Supercomputing Center, Barcelona, Spain 98 Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain 99 Istituto dei Sistemi Complessi—CNR and Dipartimento di Energia—Politecnico di Torino, C.so Duca degli Abruzzi 24, 10129 Torino, Italy 100 Eindhoven University of Technology, The Netherlands 101 Purdue University, 610 Purdue Mall, West Lafayette, IN 47907, United States of America 102 Department of Material Science, Shimane University, 1060 Nishikawatsu, Matsue, 690-8504, Japan 103 Faculty of Nuclear Sciences and Physical Engineering, Czech Technical University in Prague, Brehová 78/7, 115 19 Praha 1, Czech Republic 104 College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23185, United States of America 105 University of California, 1111 Franklin St., Oakland, CA 94607, United States of America 106 University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, G4 0NG, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland 107 Kindai University, Higashi-Osaka, 577-8502, Japan 108 Shizuoka University, Shizuoka, 422-8529, Japan 109 Rudolf Peierls Centre for Theoretical Physics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PU, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland 110 Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, United States of America 111 Dipartimento di Fisica ‘G. Galilei’, Universita’ degli Studi di Padova, Padova, Italy 112 Space and Plasma Physics, EECS, KTH SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden 113 University of Ioannina, Panepistimioupoli Ioanninon, PO Box 1186, 45110 Ioannina, Greece 114 Universidade do Porto, Faculdade de Engenharia, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal 115 The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba, 277-0882, Japan 116 Lithuanian Energy Institute, Breslaujos g. 3, LT-44403, Kaunas, Lithuania 117 HRS Fusion, West Orange, NJ, United States of America 118 Ibaraki University Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Mito, Ibaraki 310-8512, Japan 119 Technische Universität Wien, Fusion@ÖAW Österreichische Akademie der Wissenschaften (ÖAW), Austria
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42. Overview of JET results

Author: F. Romanelli, F. Laxaback, I. Abel, V. Afanesyev, G. Agarici, K. M. Aggarwal, M. Airila, R. Akers, T.h. Alarcon, A. Alexeev, A. Alfier, P. Allan, S. Almaviva, A. Alonso, M. Alonso, B. Alper, H. Altmann, D. Alves, V. Amosov, G. Anda, F. Andersson, E. Andersson Sund́en, V. Andreev, Y. Andrew, M. Angelone, M. Anghel, A. Anghel, C. Angioni, G. Apruzzese, N. Arcis, P. Arena, A. Argouarch, M. Ariola, A. Armitano, R. Armstrong, G. Arnoux, S. Arshad, G. Artaserse, J. F. Artaud, A. Ash, E. Asp, O. Asunta, C. V. Atanasiu, G. Atkins, M. D. Axton, C. Ayres, A. Baciero, V. Bailescu, B. Baiocchi, R. A. Baker, I. Balboa, C. Balorin, N. Balshaw, J. W. Banks, Y. F. Baranov, D. Barbier, I. L. Barlow, M. A. Barnard, R. Barnsley, L. Barrena, L. Barrera, M. Baruzzo, V. Basiuk, G. Bateman, P. Batistoni, N. Baumgarten, L. Baylor, B. Bazylev, P. S. Beaumont, K. Beausang, M. B́ecoulet, N. Bekris, M. Beldishevski, A. C. Bell, F. Belli, M. Bellinger, P. S. A. Belo, ́.E. Belonohy, P. E. Bennett, N. A. Benterman, G. Berger By, H. Bergsåker, H. Berk, J. Bernardo, B. Bertrand, M. N. A. Beurskens, B. Bieg, B. Bienkowska, T. Biewer, T. M. Biewer, M. Bigi, R. Bilato, J. Bird, J. Bizarro, T. R. Blackman, P. Blanchard, E. Blanco, J. Blum, V. Bobkov, A. Boboc, D. Boilson, I. Bolshakova, T. Bolzonella, L. Boncagni, G. Bonheure, X. Bonnin, D. Borba, A. Borthwick, A. Botrugno, C. Boulbe, F. Bouquey, C. Bourdelle, K. v. Bovert, M. Bowden, T. Boyce, H. J. Boyer, A. Bozhenkov, R. J. Brade, J. M. A. Bradshaw, J. Braet, V. Braic, G. C. Braithwaite, C. Brault, H. Braune, B. Breizman, S. Bremond, P. D. Brennan, A. Brett, J. Breue, S. Brezinsek, M. D. J. Bright, F. Briscoe, M. Brix, M. Brombin, B. C. Brown, D. P. D. Brown, A. Bruschi, J. Brzozowski, J. Bucalossi, M. A. Buckley, T. Budd, R. Budny, R. V. Budny, P. Bunting, P. Buratti, G. Burcea, P. R. Butcher, R. J. Buttery, R. Caç̃ao, G. Calabr`o, C. P. Callaghan, J. P. Caminade, P. G. Camp, D. C. Campling, J. Canik, B. Cannas, A. J. Capel, P. J. Card, A. Cardinali, T. Carlstrom, P. Carman, D. Carralero, L. Carraro, T. Carter, B. B. Carvalho, P. Carvalho, A. Casati, C. Castaldo, J. Caughman, R. Cavazzana, M. Cavinato, M. Cecconello, F. E. Cecil, A. Cenedese, C. Centioli, R. Cesario, C. D. Challis, M. Chandler, C. Chang, A. Chankin, I. T. Chapman, D. J. Child, P. Chiru, G. Chitarin, I. Chugonov, I. Chugunov, D. Ciric, F. Clairet, R. H. Clarke, R. Clay, M. Clever, J. P. Coad, P. A. Coates, V. Cocilovo, S. Coda, R. Coelho, J. Coenen, I. Coffey, L. Colas, M. Cole, S. Collins, S. Combs, J. Compan, J. E. Conboy, S. Conroy, N. Cook, S. P. Cook, D. Coombs, S. R. Cooper, Y. Corre, G. Corrigan, S. Cortes, D. Coster, G. F. Counsell, X. Courtois, M. Cox, T. Craciunescu, S. Cramp, F. Crisanti, O. Croft, K. Crombe, B. J. Crowley, N. Cruz, L. Cupido, M. Curuia, R. A. Cusack, A. Czarnecka, S. Dalley, E. T. Daly, A. Dalziel, D. Darrow, O. David, N. Davies, J. J. Davis, I. E. Day, C. Day, R. De Angelis, G. deArcas, M. R. de Baar, E. delaCal, E. de la Luna, J. L. de Pablos, G. De Temmerman, P. C. de Vries, F. Degli Agostini, E. Delabie, D. del Castillo Negrete, L. Delpech, G. Denisov, A. J. Denyer, R. F. Denyer, S. Devaux, P. Devynck, L. Di Matteo, L. DiPace, P. J. Dirken, A. Dnestrovskiy, D. Dodt, K. Dominiczak, S. E. Dorling, D. Douai, A. P. Down, P. T. Doyle, J. R. Drake, T. Dreischuh, V. Drozdov, P. Dumortier, D. Dunai, I. Duran, F. Durodíe, K. Dylst, R. Eaton, T. Edlington, A. M. Edwards, D. T. Edwards, P. K. Edwards, T.h. Eich, A. Ekedahl, T. Elevant, A. Elfimov, B. Ellingboe, C. G. Elsmore, B. Emmoth, G. Ericsson, L. G. Eriksson, A. Eriksson, B. Esposito, H. G. Esser, T. Estrada, E. A. Evangelidis, G. E. Evans, G. D. Ewart, D. T. Ewers, G. Falchetto, D. Falie, J. G. A. Fanthome, D. Farina, J. W. Farthing, A. Fasoli, B. Faugeras, N. Fedorczak, R. C. Felton, C. Fenzi, H. Fernandes, J. A. Ferreira, J. Ferreira, J. Ferron, J. A. Fessey, L. Figini, A. Figueiredo, J. Figueiredo, P. Finburg, K. H. Finken, U. Fischer, N. Fitzgerald, J. Flanagan, C. Fleming, A. Fonseca, A. D. Forbes, O. Ford, A. Formisano, D. Fraboulet, R. J. Francis, L. Frassinetti, R. Fresa, J. P. Friconneau, D. Frigione, J. C. Fuchs, K. Fullard, W. Fundamenski, M. Furno Palumbo, J. Gafert, K. Ǵal, R. Galṽao, S. Garavaglia, X. Garbet, J. Garcia, M. Gar cia Munoz, W. Gardner, P. Garibaldi, D. Garnier, L. Garzotti, M. Gatu Johnson, P. Gaudio, E. Gauthier, J. W. Gaze, D. F. Gear, J. Gedney, S. J. Gee, M. Gelfusa, E. Genangeli, S. Gerasimov, A. Geraud, T. Gerbaud, M. Gherendi, N. Ghirelli, J. C. Giacalone, L. Giacomelli, C. S. Gibson, C. Gil, S. J. Gilligan, C. G. Gimblett, D. Gin, E. Giovannozzi, C. Giroud, G. Giruzzi, S. Glowacz, J. Godwin, J. K. Goff, P. Gohil, V. Goloborod’ko, B. Gonçalves, M. Goniche, S. Gonzales, S. M. Gonźalezde Vicente, A. Goodyear, N. Gorelenkov, G. Gorini, R. Goulding, B. Graham, D. Graham, M. E. Graham, G. Granucci, J. Graves, N. R. Green, H. Greuner, E. Grigore, F. S. Griph, C. Grisolia, G. Gros, G. Grossetti, M. Groth, S. Gr̈unhagen, M. P. Gryaznevich, R. Guirlet, B. Gulejova, J. Gunn, A. Gupta, P. Guzdar, P. Hacek, L. J. Hackett, S. Hacquin, B. Haist, A. Hakola, S. J. Hall, S. P. HallworthCook, D. T. Hamilton, H. Han, R. C. Handley, S. Harding, J. D. W. Harling, D. Harting, M. J. Harvey, T. D. V. Haupt, E. Havlickova, N. C. Hawkes, R. Hawryluk, J. H. Hay, N. Hayashi, P. W. Haydon, I. R. Hayward, S. Hazel, P. J. L. Heesterman, W. Heidbrink, J. Heikkinen, C. Hellesen, T. Hellsten, O. N. Hemming, T. C. Hender, M. Henderson, C. Hennig, V. Hennion, C. Hidalgo, S. Higashijima, J. W. Hill, M. Hill, K. Hill, J. Hillairet, D. Hillis, T. Hirai, M. Hitchin, J. Hobirk, C. Hogan, C. H. A. Hogben, G. M. D. Hogeweij, I. C. Hollingham, R. Holyaka, D. A. Homfray, G. Honeyands, S. H. Hong, C. Hopf, B. A. Horn, A. R. Horton, L. D. Horton, S. P. Hotchin, M. R. Hough, W. Houlberg, D. F. Howell, M. Hron, A. Huber, T. M. Huddleston, Z. Hudson, M. Hughes, M. Ḧuhnerbein, C. C. Hume, A. J. Hunt, C. L. Hunter, T. S. Hutchinson, S. Huygen, G. Huysmans, V. Hyn̈onen, S. Ide, R. Igreja, C. Illescas, F. Imbeaux, D. Ivanova, E. Ivings, S. Jachmich, G. Jackson, P. Jacquet, K. Jakubowska, M. Jakubowski, P. V. James, R. J. E. Jaspers, S. Jednorog, I. Jenkins, M. A. C. Jennison, C. Jeskins, O. Jin Kwon, E. Joffrin, M. F. Johnson, R. Johnson, T. Johnson, D. Jolovic, V. Jonauskas, E. M. Jones, G. Jones, H. D. Jones, T. T. C. Jones, M. Jouvet, C. Juṕen, I. Kachtchouk, J. Kaczmarczyk, A. Kallenbach, J. K̈allne, D. Kalupin, S. Ḱalvin, G. Kamelander, R. Kamendje, A. Kappatou, S. Karttunen, W. Kasparek, I. Katramados, M. Kaufmann, G. Kaveney, A. S. Kaye, M. J. Kear, D. L. Keeling, D. Kelliher, M. Kempenaars, P. Khilar, N. G. Kidd, M. Kiisk, K. M. Kim, R. F. King, D. J. Kinna, V. Kiptily, G. Kirnev, N. Kirneva, K. Kirov, A. Kirschner, R. Kisielius, D. Kislov, G. Kiss, T. Kiviniemi, G. Kizane, A. Klein, A. Klix, M. Knaup, K. Kneuper, H. Kneupner, P. J. Knight, S. J. Knipe, M. Kocan, F. K̈ochl, G. Kocsis, C. Konz, T. Koppitz, A. Korotkov, H. R. Koslowski, V. Kotov, M. D. Kovari, K. Kovarik, G. Kramer, A. Krasilnikov, V. Krasilnikov, S. Kraus, A. Kreter, K. Krieger, A. Kritz, Y. Krivchenkov, U. Kruezi, M. Krychowiak, S. Krylov, I. Ksiazek, M. Kubic, S. Kuhn, W. K̈uhnlein, T. Kurki Suonio, A. Kurowski, B. Kuteev, A. Kuyanov, R. La Haye, M. Laan, C. Labate, A. Lachichi, N. Lam, P. Lang, M. T. Large, I. Lassiwe, J. R. Last, K. D. Lawson, M. Laxåback, R. A. Layne, E. Lazzaro, F. LeGuern, B. LeBlanc, H. J. Leggate, M. Lehnen, M. Leigheb, I. Lengar, M. Lennholm, E. Lerche, C. N. Lescure, Y. Li, A. Li Puma, Y. Liang, J. Likonen, Y. Lin, J. Linke, S. A. Linstead, B. Lipshultz, X. Litaudon, A. G. Litvak, Y. Liu, T. Loarer, A. Loarte, R. C. Lobel, P. J. Lomas, F. D. Long, J. L̈onnroth, D. J. Looker, J. Lopez, P.h. Lotte, M. J. Loughlin, A. B. Loving, C. Lowry, T. Luce, R. M. A. Lucock, A. Lukanitsa, A. M. Lungu, C. P. Lungu, A. Lyssoivan, P. Macheta, A. S. Mackenzie, M. Macrae, G. Maddaluno, G. P. Maddison, J. Madsen, P. Maget, C. Maggi, H. Maier, J. Mailloux, M. Makowski, C. J. Manning, M. Mansfield, M. E. Manso, P. Mantica, M. Mantsinen, M. Maraschek, C. Marchetto, M. A. Marchitti, M. Mardenfeld, J. L. Marechal, M. Marinelli, A. Marinoni, M. Marinucci, J. M̈arki, D. Marocco, C. A. Marren, D. Martin, D. L. Martin, G. Martin, Y. Martin, J. R. Mart́ın Soĺıs, K. Masaki, A. Masiello, M. Maslov, C. Maszl, A. Matilal, M. Mattei, G. F. Matthews, F. Maviglia, C. R. May, M. Mayer, M. L. Mayoral, D. Mazon, C. Mazzotta, E. Mazzucato, P. McCarthy, K. G. McClements, K. McCormick, P. A. McCullen, D. McCune, D. C. McDonald, R. Mcgregor, J. P. Mckivitt, A. Meakins, F. Medina, A. G. Meigs, M. Menard, L. Meneses, S. Menmuir, I. R. Merrigan, P.h. Mertens, A. Messiaen, H. Meyer, M. Miele, P. Migliucci, A. G. Miller, S. F. Mills, J. J. Milnes, K. Min Kim, T. Mindham, F. Mirizzi, E. Mirones, M. Mironov, R. Mitteau, J. Mlynar, P. Mollard, I. Monakhov, P. Monier Garbet, R. Mooney, S. Moradi, D. Moreau, P.h. Moreau, L. Moreira, A. Morgan, P. D. Morgan, C. Morlock, A. Moro, A. W. Morris, G. L. Mort, C. Mrozek, A. Mueck, H. W. M̈uller, M. Murakami, A. Murari, I. Mustata, F. Nabais, E. Nardon, G. Nash, V. Naulin, M. F. F. Nave, R. Nazikian, I. Nedzelski, C. R. Negus, J. D. Neilson, A. Neto, R. Neu, O. Neubauer, G. J. Newbert, M. Newman, K. J. Nicholls, A. Nicolai, L. Nicolas, P. Nieckchen, P. Nielsen, A. H. Nielsen, S. K. Nielsen, G. Nielson, J. Nieto, M. P. S. Nightingale, C. Noble, M. Nocente, M. Nora, H. Nordman, M. Norman, J. M. Noterdaeme, S. Nowak, I. Nunes, F. Ognissanto, T. O’Gorman, S. Olariu, A. Oleynikov, M. O’Mullane, J. Ongena, F. Orsitto, O. I. Oswuigwe, M. Ottaviani, N. Oyama, D. Pacella, K. Paget, S. Palazzo, J. Pamela, S. Pamela, R. Panek, L. Pangione, A. Panin, T.h. Panis, A. Pankin, A. Pantea, V. Parail, T.h. Parisot, A. Parkin, A. Parsloe, B. T. Parsons, R. Pasqualotto, P. Pastor, R. Paterson, M. K. Paul, D. Peach, R. J. H. Pearce, B. J. Pearson, I. J. Pearson, L. C. Pedrick, M. A. Pedrosa, B. Pegourie, R. Pereira, E. Perelli Cippo, G. Pereverzev, A. Perevezentsev, C.h. PerezvonThun, V. Pericoli Ridolfini, A. Perona, Y. Perrot, S. Peruzzo, S. Peschanyy, G. Petravich, L. Petrizzi, V. Petrov, V. Petrzilka, V. Philipps, G. Piazza, F. Piccolo, A. Pietropaolo, M. Pillon, S. D. Pinches, T. Pinna, G. Pintsuk, P. Piovesan, F. Pisano, R. Pitts, B. Plaum, V. Plyusnin, M. Polasik, F. M. Poli, N. Pomaro, O. Pompilian, L. Poncet, P. J. Pool, S. Popovichev, F. Porcelli, M. T. Porfiri, C. Portafaix, A. Pospieszczyk, G. Possnert, G. Prestopino, P. Prior, R. Prokopowicz, I. Proverbio, R. Pugno, M. E. Puiatti, K. Purahoo, V. Pustovitov, T.h. P̈utterich, D. P̈uttmann Kneupner, E. Rachlew, R. Rademaker, T. Rafiq, M. S. J. Rainford, G. Ramogida, K. Rantam̈aki, J. Rapp, J. J. Rasmussen, G. Ratt́a, G. Ravera, M. Reich, R. Reichle, D. Reiser, R. Reiss, D. Reiter, D. Rendell, C. Reux, G. Rewoldt, T. T. Ribeiro, V. Riccardo, D. Richards, F. Rigollet, F. G. Rimini, L. Rios, M. Riva, J. E. C. Roberts, R. J. Robins, D. S. Robinson, S. A. Robinson, D. W. Robson, H. Roche, M. R̈odig, N. Rodionov, V. Rohde, A. Rolfe, M. Romanelli, A. Romano, J. Romero, E. Ronchi, S. Rosanvallon, C.h. Roux, S. Rowe, M. Rubel, L. Ruchko, M. Ruiz, C. Ruset, M. Russell, A. Ruth, L. Ryc, A. Rydzy, F. Ryter, J. Rzadkiewicz, S. Saarelma, F. Sabathier, R. Sabot, S. Sadakov, P. Sagar, G. Saibene, A. Saille, F. Saint Laurent, A. Salmi, R. Salomaa, F. Salzedas, U. Samm, P. Sanchez, S. Sanders, S. G. Sanders, G. Sandford, K. Sandland, P. Sandquist, D. E. G. Sands, M. I. K. Santala, F. Sartori, R. Sartori, O. Sauter, A. Savelyev, A. Savtchkov, S. C. Scales, A. Scarabosio, N. Schaefer, C.h. Schlatter, V. Schmidt, A. Schmidt, O. Schmitz, S. Schmuck, M. Schneider, M. Scholz, K. Scḧopf, B. Schweer, J. Schweinzer, B. Scott, M. Seki, L. Semeraro, A. Semerok, G. Sergienko, F. Serra, M. Sertoli, M. M. J. Shannon, S. E. Sharapov, S. R. Shaw, A. Shevelev, R. Sievering, C. A. Silva, P. A. Simmons, A. Simonetto, D. Simpson, S. Sipila, A. C. C. Sips, A. Sirinelli, H. Sj̈ostrand, D. Skopintsev, K. S.l.a.b.k.o.w.s.k.a., P. G. Smith, J. Snipes, L. Snoj, S. Snyder, S. Soare, E. R. Solano, S. Soldatov, A. Soleto, W. Solomon, C. Soltane, P. Sonato, A. Sopplesa, A. Sorrentino, J. Sousa, C. B. C. Sowden, C. Sozzi, P. Sp̈ah, T. Spelzini, J. Spence, F. Spineanu, P. Spuig, A. Sẗabler, R. D. Stagg, M. F. Stamp, V. Stancalie, P. Stangeby, C. Stan Sion, D. E. Starkey, M. J. Stead, A. V. Stephen, A. L. Stevens, J. Stober, R. B. Stokes, D. Stork, D. Stoyanov, J. Strachan, P. Strand, M. Stransky, D. Strauss, D. Strintzi, W. Studholme, Y. SuNa, F. Subba, H. P. Summers, Y. Sun, C. Surdu Bob, E. Surrey, D. J. Sutton, J. Svensson, D. Swain, B. D. Syme, I. D. Symonds, T. Szepesi, A. Szydlowski, F. Tabares, V. Takalo, H. Takenaga, T. Tala, A. R. Talbot, C. Taliercio, C. Tame, G. Tardini, M. Tardocchi, L. Taroni, G. Telesca, A. Terra, A. O. Terrington, D. Testa, J. M. Theis, J. D. Thomas, P. D. Thomas, P. R. Thomas, V. K. Thompson, H. Thomsen, C. Thomser, A. Thyagaraja, P. A. Tigwell, I. Tiseanu, R. Tivey, J. M. Todd, T. N. Todd, M. Z. Tokar, S. Tosti, P. Trabuc, J. M. Travere, W. Treutterer, P. Trimble, A. Trkov, E. Trukhina, M. Tsalas, H. Tsige Tamirat, E. Tsitrone, D. Tskhakaya jun, O. Tudisco, S. Tugarinov, M. M. Turner, G. Turri, S. G. J. Tyrrell, N. Umeda, B. Unterberg, H. Urano, A. J. Urquhart, I. Uytdenhouwen, A. Vaccaro, A. P. Vadgama, G. Vagliasindi, D. Valcarcel, M. Valisa, J. Vallory, M. Valovic, D. Van Eester, B. van Milligen, G. J. van Rooij, C. A. F. Varandas, S. Vartanian, V. Vdovin, J. Vega, G. Verdoolaege, J. M. Verger, L. Vermare, C. Verona, T.h. Versloot, M. Vervier, J. Vicente, S. Villari, E. Villedieu, F. Villone, J. E. Vince, G. J. Vine, B. Viola, E. Vitale, R. Vitelli, M. Vlad, I. Voitsekhovitch, M. Vrancken, K. Vulliez, C. W. F. Waldon, M. Walker, M. J. Walsh, J. Waterhouse, M. L. Watkins, M. J. Watson, T. Wauters, M. W. Way, C. R. Webb, J. Weiland, H. Weisen, M. Weiszflog, R. Wenninger, A. T. West, J. M. Weulersse, B. Weyssow, M. R. Wheatley, A. D. Whiteford, A. M. Whitehead, A. G. Whitehurst, A. M. Widdowson, R. C. Wieggers, C. Wiegmann, S. Wiesen, A. Wilson, D. Wilson, D. J. Wilson, H. R. Wilson, M. Wischmeier, D. M. Witts, R. C. Wolf, J. Wolowski, P. Woscov, G. M. Wright, J. Wright, G. S. Xu, V. Yavorskij, V. Yerashok, J. Yorkshades, C. Young, D. Young, I. D. Young, X. Yuhong, L. Zabeo, A. Zabolotsky, L. Zaccarian, R. Zagorski, F. S. Zaitsev, S. Zajac, L. Zakharov, R. Zanino, V. Zaroschi, K. D. Zastrow, I. Zatz, B. Zefran, W. Zeidner, M. Zerbini, T. Zhang, Y. Zhu, E. Zilli, O. Zimmermann, V. Zoita, S. Zoletnik, W. Zwingman, JET EFDA Contributors, ALBANESE, Raffaele, AMBROSINO, GIUSEPPE, BELLIZIO, TERESA, CARANNANTE, GIUSEPPE, COCCORESE, VINCENZO, DE TOMMASI, GIANMARIA, MIANO, GIOVANNI, PIRONTI, ALFREDO, QUERCIA, ANTONIO, RUBINACCI, GUGLIELMO, J., Pamela, EMILIA R., Solano, AND JET EFDA, Contributor, J. M., Adam, G., Agarici, M., Agarici, H., Akhter, Albanese, Raffaele, Romanelli, F., Laxaback, F., Abel, I., Afanesyev, V., Agarici, G., Aggarwal, K. M., Airila, M., Akers, R., Alarcon, T. h., Alexeev, A., Alfier, A., Allan, P., Almaviva, S., Alonso, A., Alonso, M., Alper, B., Altmann, H., Alves, D., Ambrosino, Giuseppe, Amosov, V., Anda, G., Andersson, F., Andersson Sund́en, E., Andreev, V., Andrew, Y., Angelone, M., Anghel, M., Anghel, A., Angioni, C., Apruzzese, G., Arcis, N., Arena, P., Argouarch, A., Ariola, M., Armitano, A., Armstrong, R., Arnoux, G., Arshad, S., Artaserse, G., Artaud, J. F., Ash, A., Asp, E., Asunta, O., Atanasiu, C. V., Atkins, G., Axton, M. D., Ayres, C., Baciero, A., Bailescu, V., Baiocchi, B., Baker, R. A., Balboa, I., Balorin, C., Balshaw, N., Banks, J. W., Baranov, Y. F., Barbier, D., Barlow, I. L., Barnard, M. A., Barnsley, R., Barrena, L., Barrera, L., Baruzzo, M., Basiuk, V., Bateman, G., Batistoni, P., Baumgarten, N., Baylor, L., Bazylev, B., Beaumont, P. S., Beausang, K., B́ecoulet, M., Bekris, N., Beldishevski, M., Bell, A. C., Belli, F., Bellinger, M., Bellizio, Teresa, Belo, P. S. A., Belonohy, ́. E., Bennett, P. E., Benterman, N. A., Berger By, G., Bergsåker, H., Berk, H., Bernardo, J., Bertrand, B., Beurskens, M. N. A., Bieg, B., Bienkowska, B., Biewer, T., Biewer, T. M., Bigi, M., Bilato, R., Bird, J., Bizarro, J., Blackman, T. R., Blanchard, P., Blanco, E., Blum, J., Bobkov, V., Boboc, A., Boilson, D., Bolshakova, I., Bolzonella, T., Boncagni, L., Bonheure, G., Bonnin, X., Borba, D., Borthwick, A., Botrugno, A., Boulbe, C., Bouquey, F., Bourdelle, C., Bovert, K. v., Bowden, M., Boyce, T., Boyer, H. J., Bozhenkov, A., Brade, R. J., Bradshaw, J. M. A., Braet, J., Braic, V., Braithwaite, G. C., Brault, C., Braune, H., Breizman, B., Bremond, S., Brennan, P. D., Brett, A., Breue, J., Brezinsek, S., Bright, M. D. J., Briscoe, F., Brix, M., Brombin, M., Brown, B. C., Brown, D. P. D., Bruschi, A., Brzozowski, J., Bucalossi, J., Buckley, M. A., Budd, T., Budny, R., Budny, R. V., Bunting, P., Buratti, P., Burcea, G., Butcher, P. R., Buttery, R. J., Caç̃ao, R., Calabr`o, G., Callaghan, C. P., Caminade, J. P., Camp, P. G., Campling, D. C., Canik, J., Cannas, B., Capel, A. J., Carannante, Giuseppe, Card, P. J., Cardinali, A., Carlstrom, T., Carman, P., Carralero, D., Carraro, L., Carter, T., Carvalho, B. B., Carvalho, P., Casati, A., Castaldo, C., Caughman, J., Cavazzana, R., Cavinato, M., Cecconello, M., Cecil, F. E., Cenedese, A., Centioli, C., Cesario, R., Challis, C. D., Chandler, M., Chang, C., Chankin, A., Chapman, I. T., Child, D. J., Chiru, P., Chitarin, G., Chugonov, I., Chugunov, I., Ciric, D., Clairet, F., Clarke, R. H., Clay, R., Clever, M., Coad, J. P., Coates, P. A., Coccorese, Vincenzo, Cocilovo, V., Coda, S., Coelho, R., Coenen, J., Coffey, I., Colas, L., Cole, M., Collins, S., Combs, S., Compan, J., Conboy, J. E., Conroy, S., Cook, N., Cook, S. P., Coombs, D., Cooper, S. R., Corre, Y., Corrigan, G., Cortes, S., Coster, D., Counsell, G. F., Courtois, X., Cox, M., Craciunescu, T., Cramp, S., Crisanti, F., Croft, O., Crombe, K., Crowley, B. J., Cruz, N., Cupido, L., Curuia, M., Cusack, R. A., Czarnecka, A., Dalley, S., Daly, E. T., Dalziel, A., Darrow, D., David, O., Davies, N., Davis, J. J., Day, I. E., Day, C., De Angelis, R., Dearcas, G., de Baar, M. R., Delacal, E., de la Luna, E., de Pablos, J. L., De Temmerman, G., DE TOMMASI, Gianmaria, de Vries, P. C., Degli Agostini, F., Delabie, E., del Castillo Negrete, D., Delpech, L., Denisov, G., Denyer, A. J., Denyer, R. F., Devaux, S., Devynck, P., Di Matteo, L., Dipace, L., Dirken, P. J., Dnestrovskiy, A., Dodt, D., Dominiczak, K., Dorling, S. E., Douai, D., Down, A. P., Doyle, P. T., Drake, J. R., Dreischuh, T., Drozdov, V., Dumortier, P., Dunai, D., Duran, I., Durodíe, F., Dylst, K., Eaton, R., Edlington, T., Edwards, A. M., Edwards, D. T., Edwards, P. K., Eich, T. h., Ekedahl, A., Elevant, T., Elfimov, A., Ellingboe, B., Elsmore, C. G., Emmoth, B., Ericsson, G., Eriksson, L. G., Eriksson, A., Esposito, B., Esser, H. G., Estrada, T., Evangelidis, E. A., Evans, G. E., Ewart, G. D., Ewers, D. T., Falchetto, G., Falie, D., Fanthome, J. G. A., Farina, D., Farthing, J. W., Fasoli, A., Faugeras, B., Fedorczak, N., Felton, R. C., Fenzi, C., Fernandes, H., Ferreira, J. A., Ferreira, J., Ferron, J., Fessey, J. A., Figini, L., Figueiredo, A., Figueiredo, J., Finburg, P., Finken, K. H., Fischer, U., Fitzgerald, N., Flanagan, J., Fleming, C., Fonseca, A., Forbes, A. D., Ford, O., Formisano, A., Fraboulet, D., Francis, R. J., Frassinetti, L., Fresa, R., Friconneau, J. P., Frigione, D., Fuchs, J. C., Fullard, K., Fundamenski, W., Furno Palumbo, M., Gafert, J., Ǵal, K., Galṽao, R., Garavaglia, S., Garbet, X., Garcia, J., Gar cia Munoz, M., Gardner, W., Garibaldi, P., Garnier, D., Garzotti, L., Gatu Johnson, M., Gaudio, P., Gauthier, E., Gaze, J. W., Gear, D. F., Gedney, J., Gee, S. J., Gelfusa, M., Genangeli, E., Gerasimov, S., Geraud, A., Gerbaud, T., Gherendi, M., Ghirelli, N., Giacalone, J. C., Giacomelli, L., Gibson, C. S., Gil, C., Gilligan, S. J., Gimblett, C. G., Gin, D., Giovannozzi, E., Giroud, C., Giruzzi, G., Glowacz, S., Godwin, J., Goff, J. K., Gohil, P., Goloborod’Ko, V., Gonçalves, B., Goniche, M., Gonzales, S., Gonźalezde Vicente, S. M., Goodyear, A., Gorelenkov, N., Gorini, G., Goulding, R., Graham, B., Graham, D., Graham, M. E., Granucci, G., Graves, J., Green, N. R., Greuner, H., Grigore, E., Griph, F. S., Grisolia, C., Gros, G., Grossetti, G., Groth, M., Gr̈unhagen, S., Gryaznevich, M. P., Guirlet, R., Gulejova, B., Gunn, J., Gupta, A., Guzdar, P., Hacek, P., Hackett, L. J., Hacquin, S., Haist, B., Hakola, A., Hall, S. J., Hallworthcook, S. P., Hamilton, D. T., Han, H., Handley, R. C., Harding, S., Harling, J. D. W., Harting, D., Harvey, M. J., Haupt, T. D. V., Havlickova, E., Hawkes, N. C., Hawryluk, R., Hay, J. H., Hayashi, N., Haydon, P. W., Hayward, I. R., Hazel, S., Heesterman, P. J. L., Heidbrink, W., Heikkinen, J., Hellesen, C., Hellsten, T., Hemming, O. N., Hender, T. C., Henderson, M., Hennig, C., Hennion, V., Hidalgo, C., Higashijima, S., Hill, J. W., Hill, M., Hill, K., Hillairet, J., Hillis, D., Hirai, T., Hitchin, M., Hobirk, J., Hogan, C., Hogben, C. H. A., Hogeweij, G. M. D., Hollingham, I. C., Holyaka, R., Homfray, D. A., Honeyands, G., Hong, S. H., Hopf, C., Horn, B. A., Horton, A. R., Horton, L. D., Hotchin, S. P., Hough, M. R., Houlberg, W., Howell, D. F., Hron, M., Huber, A., Huddleston, T. M., Hudson, Z., Hughes, M., Ḧuhnerbein, M., Hume, C. C., Hunt, A. J., Hunter, C. L., Hutchinson, T. S., Huygen, S., Huysmans, G., Hyn̈onen, V., Ide, S., Igreja, R., Illescas, C., Imbeaux, F., Ivanova, D., Ivings, E., Jachmich, S., Jackson, G., Jacquet, P., Jakubowska, K., Jakubowski, M., James, P. V., Jaspers, R. J. E., Jednorog, S., Jenkins, I., Jennison, M. A. C., Jeskins, C., Jin Kwon, O., Joffrin, E., Johnson, M. F., Johnson, R., Johnson, T., Jolovic, D., Jonauskas, V., Jones, E. M., Jones, G., Jones, H. D., Jones, T. T. C., Jouvet, M., Juṕen, C., Kachtchouk, I., Kaczmarczyk, J., Kallenbach, A., K̈allne, J., Kalupin, D., Ḱalvin, S., Kamelander, G., Kamendje, R., Kappatou, A., Karttunen, S., Kasparek, W., Katramados, I., Kaufmann, M., Kaveney, G., Kaye, A. S., Kear, M. J., Keeling, D. L., Kelliher, D., Kempenaars, M., Khilar, P., Kidd, N. G., Kiisk, M., Kim, K. M., King, R. F., Kinna, D. J., Kiptily, V., Kirnev, G., Kirneva, N., Kirov, K., Kirschner, A., Kisielius, R., Kislov, D., Kiss, G., Kiviniemi, T., Kizane, G., Klein, A., Klix, A., Knaup, M., Kneuper, K., Kneupner, H., Knight, P. J., Knipe, S. J., Kocan, M., K̈ochl, F., Kocsis, G., Konz, C., Koppitz, T., Korotkov, A., Koslowski, H. R., Kotov, V., Kovari, M. D., Kovarik, K., Kramer, G., Krasilnikov, A., Krasilnikov, V., Kraus, S., Kreter, A., Krieger, K., Kritz, A., Krivchenkov, Y., Kruezi, U., Krychowiak, M., Krylov, S., Ksiazek, I., Kubic, M., Kuhn, S., K̈uhnlein, W., Kurki Suonio, T., Kurowski, A., Kuteev, B., Kuyanov, A., La Haye, R., Laan, M., Labate, C., Lachichi, A., Lam, N., Lang, P., Large, M. T., Lassiwe, I., Last, J. R., Lawson, K. D., Laxåback, M., Layne, R. A., Lazzaro, E., Leguern, F., Leblanc, B., Leggate, H. J., Lehnen, M., Leigheb, M., Lengar, I., Lennholm, M., Lerche, E., Lescure, C. N., Li, Y., Li Puma, A., Liang, Y., Likonen, J., Lin, Y., Linke, J., Linstead, S. A., Lipshultz, B., Litaudon, X., Litvak, A. G., Liu, Y., Loarer, T., Loarte, A., Lobel, R. C., Lomas, P. J., Long, F. D., L̈onnroth, J., Looker, D. J., Lopez, J., Lotte, P. h., Loughlin, M. J., Loving, A. B., Lowry, C., Luce, T., Lucock, R. M. A., Lukanitsa, A., Lungu, A. M., Lungu, C. P., Lyssoivan, A., Macheta, P., Mackenzie, A. S., Macrae, M., Maddaluno, G., Maddison, G. P., Madsen, J., Maget, P., Maggi, C., Maier, H., Mailloux, J., Makowski, M., Manning, C. J., Mansfield, M., Manso, M. E., Mantica, P., Mantsinen, M., Maraschek, M., Marchetto, C., Marchitti, M. A., Mardenfeld, M., Marechal, J. L., Marinelli, M., Marinoni, A., Marinucci, M., M̈arki, J., Marocco, D., Marren, C. A., Martin, D., Martin, D. L., Martin, G., Martin, Y., Mart́ın Soĺıs, J. R., Masaki, K., Masiello, A., Maslov, M., Maszl, C., Matilal, A., Mattei, M., Matthews, G. F., Maviglia, F., May, C. R., Mayer, M., Mayoral, M. L., Mazon, D., Mazzotta, C., Mazzucato, E., Mccarthy, P., Mcclements, K. G., Mccormick, K., Mccullen, P. A., Mccune, D., Mcdonald, D. C., Mcgregor, R., Mckivitt, J. P., Meakins, A., Medina, F., Meigs, A. G., Menard, M., Meneses, L., Menmuir, S., Merrigan, I. R., Mertens, P. h., Messiaen, A., Meyer, H., Miano, Giovanni, Miele, M., Migliucci, P., Miller, A. G., Mills, S. F., Milnes, J. J., Min Kim, K., Mindham, T., Mirizzi, F., Mirones, E., Mironov, M., Mitteau, R., Mlynar, J., Mollard, P., Monakhov, I., Monier Garbet, P., Mooney, R., Moradi, S., Moreau, D., Moreau, P. h., Moreira, L., Morgan, A., Morgan, P. D., Morlock, C., Moro, A., Morris, A. W., Mort, G. L., Mrozek, C., Mueck, A., M̈uller, H. W., Murakami, M., Murari, A., Mustata, I., Nabais, F., Nardon, E., Nash, G., Naulin, V., Nave, M. F. F., Nazikian, R., Nedzelski, I., Negus, C. R., Neilson, J. D., Neto, A., Neu, R., Neubauer, O., Newbert, G. J., Newman, M., Nicholls, K. J., Nicolai, A., Nicolas, L., Nieckchen, P., Nielsen, P., Nielsen, A. H., Nielsen, S. K., Nielson, G., Nieto, J., Nightingale, M. P. S., Noble, C., Nocente, M., Nora, M., Nordman, H., Norman, M., Noterdaeme, J. M., Nowak, S., Nunes, I., Ognissanto, F., O’Gorman, T., Olariu, S., Oleynikov, A., O’Mullane, M., Ongena, J., Orsitto, F., Oswuigwe, O. I., Ottaviani, M., Oyama, N., Pacella, D., Paget, K., Palazzo, S., Pamela, J., Pamela, S., Panek, R., Pangione, L., Panin, A., Panis, T. h., Pankin, A., Pantea, A., Parail, V., Parisot, T. h., Parkin, A., Parsloe, A., Parsons, B. T., Pasqualotto, R., Pastor, P., Paterson, R., Paul, M. K., Peach, D., Pearce, R. J. H., Pearson, B. J., Pearson, I. J., Pedrick, L. C., Pedrosa, M. A., Pegourie, B., Pereira, R., Perelli Cippo, E., Pereverzev, G., Perevezentsev, A., Perezvonthun, C. h., Pericoli Ridolfini, V., Perona, A., Perrot, Y., Peruzzo, S., Peschanyy, S., Petravich, G., Petrizzi, L., Petrov, V., Petrzilka, V., Philipps, V., Piazza, G., Piccolo, F., Pietropaolo, A., Pillon, M., Pinches, S. D., Pinna, T., Pintsuk, G., Piovesan, P., Pironti, Alfredo, Pisano, F., Pitts, R., Plaum, B., Plyusnin, V., Polasik, M., Poli, F. M., Pomaro, N., Pompilian, O., Poncet, L., Pool, P. J., Popovichev, S., Porcelli, F., Porfiri, M. T., Portafaix, C., Pospieszczyk, A., Possnert, G., Prestopino, G., Prior, P., Prokopowicz, R., Proverbio, I., Pugno, R., Puiatti, M. E., Purahoo, K., Pustovitov, V., P̈utterich, T. h., P̈uttmann Kneupner, D., Quercia, Antonio, Rachlew, E., Rademaker, R., Rafiq, T., Rainford, M. S. J., Ramogida, G., Rantam̈aki, K., Rapp, J., Rasmussen, J. J., Ratt́a, G., Ravera, G., Reich, M., Reichle, R., Reiser, D., Reiss, R., Reiter, D., Rendell, D., Reux, C., Rewoldt, G., Ribeiro, T. T., Riccardo, V., Richards, D., Rigollet, F., Rimini, F. G., Rios, L., Riva, M., Roberts, J. E. C., Robins, R. J., Robinson, D. S., Robinson, S. A., Robson, D. 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A., Simmons, P. A., Simonetto, A., Simpson, D., Sipila, S., Sips, A. C. C., Sirinelli, A., Sj̈ostrand, H., Skopintsev, D., K. S. l. a. b. k. o. w. s. k. a., Smith, P. G., Snipes, J., Snoj, L., Snyder, S., Soare, S., Solano, E. R., Soldatov, S., Soleto, A., Solomon, W., Soltane, C., Sonato, P., Sopplesa, A., Sorrentino, A., Sousa, J., Sowden, C. B. C., Sozzi, C., Sp̈ah, P., Spelzini, T., Spence, J., Spineanu, F., Spuig, P., Sẗabler, A., Stagg, R. D., Stamp, M. F., Stancalie, V., Stangeby, P., Stan Sion, C., Starkey, D. E., Stead, M. J., Stephen, A. V., Stevens, A. L., Stober, J., Stokes, R. B., Stork, D., Stoyanov, D., Strachan, J., Strand, P., Stransky, M., Strauss, D., Strintzi, D., Studholme, W., Suna, Y., Subba, F., Summers, H. P., Sun, Y., Surdu Bob, C., Surrey, E., Sutton, D. J., Svensson, J., Swain, D., Syme, B. D., Symonds, I. D., Szepesi, T., Szydlowski, A., Tabares, F., Takalo, V., Takenaga, H., Tala, T., Talbot, A. 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D., Zatz, I., Zefran, B., Zeidner, W., Zerbini, M., Zhang, T., Zhu, Y., Zilli, E., Zimmermann, O., Zoita, V., Zoletnik, S., Zwingman, W., JET EFDA Contributors, Romanelli, F, Laxaback, M, Abel, I, Afanesyev, V, Agarici, G, Aggarwal, K, Airila, M, Akers, R, Alarcon, T, Albanese, R, Alexeev, A, Alfier, A, Allan, P, Almaviva, S, Alonso, A, Alonso, M, Alper, B, Altmann, H, Alves, D, Ambrosino, G, Amosov, V, Anda, G, Andersson, F, Andersson Sunden, E, Andreev, V, Andrew, Y, Angelone, M, Anghel, M, Anghel, A, Angioni, C, Apruzzese, G, Arcis, N, Arena, P, Argouarch, A, Ariola, M, Armitano, A, Armstrong, R, Arnoux, G, Arshad, S, Artaserse, G, Artaud, J, Ash, A, Asp, E, Asunta, O, Atanasiu, C, Atkins, G, Axton, M, Ayres, C, Baciero, A, Bailescu, V, Baiocchi, B, Baker, R, Balboa, I, Balorin, C, Balshaw, N, Banks, J, Baranov, Y, Barbier, D, Barlow, I, Barnard, M, Barnsley, R, Barrena, L, Barrera, L, Baruzzo, M, Basiuk, V, Bateman, G, Batiston, P, Baumgarten, N, Baylor, L, Bazylev, B, Beaumont, P, Beausang, K, Becoulet, M, Bekris, N, Beldishevski, M, Bell, A, Belli, F, Bellinger, M, Bellizio, T, Belo, P, Belonohy, E, Bennett, P, Benterman, N, Berger By, G, Bergsaker, H, Berk, H, Bernardo, J, Bertrand, B, Beurskens, M, Bieg, B, Bienkowska, B, Biewer, T, Bigi, M, Bilato, R, Bird, J, Bizarro, J, Blackman, T, Blanchard, P, Blanco, E, Blum, J, Bobkov, V, Boboc, A, Boilson, D, Bolshakova, I, Bolzonella, T, Boncagni, L, Bonheure, G, Bonnin, X, Borba, D, Borthwick, A, Botrugno, A, Boulbe, C, Bouquey, F, Bourdelle, C, Bovert, K, Bowden, M, Boyce, T, Boyer, H, Bozhenkov, A, Brade, R, Bradshaw, J, Braet, J, Braic, V, Braithwaite, G, Brault, C, Braune, H, Breizman, B, Bremond, S, Brennan, P, Brett, A, Breue, J, Brezinsek, S, Bright, M, Briscoe, F, Brix, M, Brombin, M, Brown, B, Brown, D, Bruschi, A, Brzozowski, J, Bucalossi, J, Buckley, M, Budd, T, Budny, R, Bunting, P, Buratti, P, Burcea, G, Butcher, P, Buttery, R, Cacao, R, Calabro, G, Callaghan, C, Caminade, J, Camp, P, Campling, D, Canik, J, Cannas, B, Capel, A, Carannante, G, Card, P, Cardinali, A, Carlstrom, T, Carman, P, Carralero, D, Carraro, L, Carter, T, Carvalho, B, Carvalho, P, Casati, A, Castaldo, C, Caughman, J, Cavazzana, R, Cavinato, M, Cecconello, M, Cecil, F, Cenedese, A, Centioli, C, Cesario, R, Challis, C, Chandler, M, Chang, C, Chankin, A, Chapman, I, Child, D, Chiru, P, Chitarin, G, Chugonov, I, Ciric, D, Clairet, F, Clarke, R, Clay, R, Clever, M, Coad, J, Coates, P, Coccorese, V, Cocilovo, V, Coda, S, Coelho, R, Coenen, J, Coffey, I, Colas, L, Cole, M, Collins, S, Combs, S, Compan, J, Conboy, J, Conroy, S, Cook, N, Cook, S, Coombs, D, Cooper, S, Corre, Y, Corrigan, G, Cortes, S, Coster, D, Counsell, G, Courtois, X, Cox, M, Craciunescu, T, Cramp, S, Crisanti, F, Croft, O, Crombe, K, Crowley, B, Cruz, N, Cupido, L, Curuia, M, Cusack, R, Czarnecka, A, Dalley, S, Daly, E, Dalziel, A, Darrow, D, David, O, Davies, N, Davis, J, Day, I, Day, C, De Angelis, R, de Arcas, G, de Baar, M, de la Cal, E, de la Luna, E, de Pablos, J, De Temmerman, G, De Tommasi, G, de Vries, P, Degli Agostini, F, Delabie, E, del Castillo Negrete, D, Delpech, L, Denisov, G, Denyer, A, Denyer, R, Devaux, S, Devynck, P, Di Matteo, L, Di Pace, L, Dirken, P, Dnestrovskiy, A, Dodt, D, Dominiczak, K, Dorling, S, Douai, D, Down, A, Doyle, P, Drake, J, Dreischuh, T, Drozdov, V, Dumortier, P, Dunai, D, Duran, I, Durodie, F, Dylst, K, Eaton, R, Edlington, T, Edwards, A, Edwards, D, Edwards, P, Eich, T, Ekedahl, A, Elevant, T, Elfimov, A, Ellingboe, B, Elsmore, C, Emmoth, B, Ericsson, G, Eriksson, L, Eriksson, A, Esposito, B, Esser, H, Estrada, T, Evangelidis, E, Evans, G, Ewart, G, Ewers, D, Falchetto, G, Falie, D, Fanthome, J, Farina, D, Farthing, J, Fasoli, A, Faugeras, B, Fedorczak, N, Felton, R, Fenzi, C, Fernandes, H, Ferreira, J, Ferron, J, Fessey, J, Figini, L, Figueiredo, A, Figueiredo, J, Finburg, P, Finken, K, Fischer, U, Fitzgerald, N, Flanagan, J, Fleming, C, Fonseca, A, Forbes, A, Ford, O, Formisano, A, 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L., Argouach, A., Balbao, I., Berger-By, G., Bergkvist, T., Coutois, X., David, E., De-Angelis, R., Del-Castillo-Negrete, D., De-Tommasi, G., Deveaux, S., Eich, Th., Erents, S. K., Gatu-Johnson, M., Holmström, K., Kurki-Suonio, T., Lauro Taroni, L., Laxaback, M., Liu, Y. Q., Llewellyn Smith, C., Maviglia, A., Mertens, Ph., Monier-Garbet, P., Moreau, Ph., Norris, C., Noterdaeme, J. -M., Paméla, J., Panis, Th., Parisot, Th., Perez Von Thun, C., Perez Von Thun, Ch., Pericoli-Ridolfini, V., Phillips, V., Pütterich, Th., Püttmann-Kneupner, D., Roux, Ch., Saint-Laurent, F., Schlatter, Ch., Sundelin, P., Surdu-Bob, C., Hompson, V. K., Tsige-Tamirat, H., Tskhakaya, D., Uytdenhoven, I., Versloot, Th., Villedieux, E., Walden, A. D., Paméla, J, and Jet, C
Subjects: Nuclear and High Energy Physics, 52.55.Fa Tokamaks, spherical tokamak, Materials science, Tokamak, Physics and Astronomy (all), Condensed Matter Physics, Física [Ciências exactas e naturais], Cyclotron, law.invention, Bootstrap current, Physical sciences [Natural sciences], law, Physics::Plasma Physics, ITER, divertor, FIS/03 - FISICA DELLA MATERIA, Nuclear and High Energy Physic, Jet (fluid), Safety factor, Divertor, 52.50.Qt Plasma heating by radio-frequency field, Settore FIS/01 - Fisica Sperimentale, magnetic confinement, Magnetic confinement fusion, Física, 52.55.Rk Power exhaust, JET, overview, Settore FIS/07 - Fisica Applicata(Beni Culturali, Ambientali, Biol.e Medicin), Computational physics, Physical sciences, ICR, ICP, helicons, ___, JET, Beta (plasma physics), Atomic physics, tokamaks
Abstract: Since the last IAEA conference, the scientific programme of JET has focused on the qualification of the integrated operating scenarios for ITER and on physics issues essential for the consolidation of design choices and the efficient exploitation of ITER. Particular attention has been given to the characterization of the edge plasma, pedestal energy and edge localized modes (ELMs), and their impact on plasma facing components (PFCs). Various ELM mitigation techniques have been assessed for all ITER operating scenarios using active methods such as resonant magnetic field perturbation, rapid variation of the radial field and pellet pacing. In particular, the amplitude and frequency of type I ELMs have been actively controlled over a wide parameter range (q(95) = 3-4.8, beta(N)
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43. Alpha-particle velocity-space diagnostic in ITER.

Author: M. Salewski, M. Nocente, B. Madsen, I. Abramovic, M. Fitzgerald, G. Gorini, P.c. Hansen, W.w. Heidbrink, A.s. Jacobsen, T. Jensen, V.g. Kiptily, E.b. Klinkby, S.b. Korsholm, T. Kurki-Suonio, A.w. Larsen, F. Leipold, D. Moseev, S.k. Nielsen, S.d. Pinches, and J. Rasmussen
Subjects: ALPHA particle scattering, THOMSON scattering, GAMMA ray spectrometry, MAGNETIC fields
Abstract: We discuss α-particle velocity-space diagnostic in ITER based on the planned collective Thomson scattering (CTS) and γ-ray spectrometry (GRS) systems as well as ASCOT simulations of the α-particle distribution function. GRS is sensitive to α-particles with energies MeV at all pitches p, and CTS for MeV and . The remaining velocity space is not observed. GRS and CTS view the plasma (almost) perpendicularly to the magnetic field. Hence we cannot determine the sign of the pitch of the α-particles and cannot distinguish co- and counter-going α-particles with the currently planned α-particle diagnostics. Therefore we can only infer the sign-insensitive 2D distribution function by velocity-space tomography for MeV. This is a serious limitation, since co- and counter-going α-particle populations are expected to have different birth rates and neoclassical transport as well as different anomalous transport due to interaction with modes such as Alfvén eigenmodes. We propose the installation of an oblique GRS system on ITER to allow us to diagnostically track such anisotropy effects and to infer the full, sign-sensitive for MeV. α-particles with MeV are diagnosed by CTS only, which does not allow velocity-space tomography on its own. Nevertheless, we show that measurements of the α-particle energy spectrum, which is an ITER measurement requirement, are now feasible for MeV using a velocity-space tomography formalism assuming isotropy in velocity space. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Published: 2018
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44. Modelling of NBI ion wall loads in the W7-X stellarator.

Author: S. Äkäslompolo, M. Drevlak, Y. Turkin, S. Bozhenkov, T. Jesche, J. Kontula, T. Kurki-Suonio, R.C. Wolf, and Team, the W7-X
Subjects: STELLARATORS, PLASMA gases, MAGNETIC fields, IONS, HEAT transfer
Abstract: It is known that NBI ion losses may pose a problem to the Wendelstein 7-X first wall, but the so-far utilized wall models had insufficient details for reproducing the locations and magnitude of the hot-spots. This study aims to exhaustively analyse the detailed wall loads in the reference magnetic configurations and in various plasma scenarios. The goal is to pinpoint the endangered plasma facing components and to calculate heat loads to them in preparation for the first NBI operations. This study can be used to prepare monitoring of the heat loads and paves the way to future searches of improved configurations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Published: 2018
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45. MeV-range velocity-space tomography from gamma-ray and neutron emission spectrometry measurements at JET.

Author: M. Salewski, M. Nocente, A.S. Jacobsen, F. Binda, C. Cazzaniga, G. Ericsson, J. Eriksson, G. Gorini, C. Hellesen, A. Hjalmarsson, V.G. Kiptily, T. Koskela, S.B. Korsholm, T. Kurki-Suonio, F. Leipold, J. Madsen, D. Moseev, S.K. Nielsen, J. Rasmussen, and M. Schneider
Subjects: GAMMA rays, NEUTRON emission, ION cyclotron resonance spectrometry, NUCLEAR reactions, PARTICLE dynamics analysis
Abstract: We demonstrate the measurement of a 2D MeV-range ion velocity distribution function by velocity-space tomography at JET. Deuterium ions were accelerated into the MeV-range by third harmonic ion cyclotron resonance heating. We made measurements with three neutron emission spectrometers and a high-resolution γ-ray spectrometer detecting the γ-rays released in two reactions. The tomographic inversion based on these five spectra is in excellent agreement with numerical simulations with the ASCOT–RFOF and the SPOT–RFOF codes. The length of the measured fast-ion tail corroborates the prediction that very few particles are accelerated above 2 MeV due to the weak wave-particle interaction at higher energies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Published: 2017
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46. Protecting ITER walls: fast ion power loads in 3D magnetic field.

Author: T Kurki-Suonio, K Särkimäki, S Äkäslompolo, J Varje, Y Liu, S Sipilä, O Asunta, E Hirvijoki, A Snicker, J Terävä, M Cavinato, M Gagliardi, V Parail, and G Saibene
Subjects: *NUCLEAR fusion, *ION rockets, *MAGNETIC fields, *TRITIUM, *PLASMA confinement
Abstract: The fusion alpha and beam ion with steady-state power loads in all four main operating scenarios of ITER have been evaluated by the ASCOT code. For this purpose, high-fidelity magnetic backgrounds were reconstructed, taking into account even the internal structure of the ferritic inserts and tritium breeding modules (TBM). The beam ions were found to be almost perfectly confined in all scenarios, and only the so-called hybrid scenario featured alpha loads reaching 0.5 MW due to its more triangular plasma. The TBMs were not found to jeopardize the alpha confinement, nor cause any hot spots. Including plasma response did not bring dramatic changes to the load. The ELM control coils (ECC) were simulated in the baseline scenario and found to seriously deteriorate even the beam confinement. However, the edge perturbation in this case is so large that the sources have to be re-evaluated with plasma profiles that take into account the ECC perturbation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Published: 2017
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47. Effect of the European design of TBMs on ITER wall loads due to fast ions in the baseline (15 MA), hybrid (12.5 MA), steady-state (9 MA) and half-field (7.5 MA) scenarios.

Author: T. Kurki-Suonio, S. Äkäslompolo, K. Särkimäki, J. Varje, O. Asunta, M. Cavinato, M. Gagliardi, E. Hirvijoki, V. Parail, G. Saibene, S. Sipilä, and A. Snicker
Subjects: *FAST ions, *MONTE Carlo method, *THERMAL plasmas, *HELIUM plasmas, *THERMONUCLEAR fusion
Abstract: We assess the effect of the European design of the pebble-bed helium-cooled test blanket modules (TBM) on fast ion power loads on ITER material surfaces. For this purpose, the effect of not only the TBMs but also the ferritic inserts (FI), used for mitigating the toroidal field ripple, were included in unprecedented detail in the reconstruction of the 3-dimensional magnetic field. This is important because, due to their low collisionality, fast ions follow the magnetic geometry much more faithfully than the thermal plasma. The Monte Carlo orbit-following code ASCOT was used to simulate all the foreseen operating scenarios of ITER: the baseline 15 MA standard H-mode operation, the 12.5 MA hybrid scenario, the 9 MA advanced scenario, and the half-field scenario with helium plasma that will be ITER’s initial operating scenario. The effect of TBMs was assessed by carrying out the simulations in pairs: one including only the effect of ferritic inserts, and the other including also the perturbation due to TBMs. Both thermonuclear fusion alphas and NBI ions from ITER heating beams were addressed. The TBMs are found to increase the power loads, but the absolute values remain small. Neither do they produce any additional hot spots. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Published: 2016
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48. Alpha particle driven current and torque in ITER baseline scenarios with 3D perturbations.

Author: A. Snicker, O. Asunta, H. Ylitie, T. Kurki-Suonio, M. Schneider, and S.D. Pinches
Subjects: ALPHA rays, TORQUE control, ASTRONOMICAL perturbation, MONTE Carlo method, MAGNETIC fields
Abstract: In this paper three-dimensional (3D) kinetic Monte Carlo orbit-following simulations are carried out with the ASCOT code to estimate the alpha particle driven current and torque profiles in ITER baseline scenarios. Several different 3D magnetic field configurations, including TF ripple, ferritic inserts, test blanket modules and edge localized mode coil perturbations, are used in these simulations. The alpha particle current is found to be less than one percent for all configurations and scenarios. In axisymmetric magnetic field configurations, the collisional and j × B torque components cancel each other, whilst in non-axisymmetric cases, the total torque is nonzero. The total alpha driven torque is found to oppose that generated by the neutral beam injection particles and to be an order of magnitude smaller. Consequently, alpha particles will not significantly contribute to the plasma current nor act as a source of plasma rotation in the ITER baseline scenarios considered. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Published: 2015
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49. Effect of tungsten off-axis accumulation on neutral beam deposition in JET rotating plasmas.

Author: T Koskela, M Romanelli, P Belo, O Asunta, S Sipilä, M O’Mullane, L Giacomelli, S Conroy, P Mantica, M Valisa, C Angioni, T Kurki-Suonio, and contributors, JET-EFDA
Subjects: ROTATING plasmas, TUNGSTEN, PLASMA beam injection heating, PLASMA confinement, MONTE Carlo method, CENTRIFUGAL force
Abstract: Evidence for low field side accumulation of tungsten is often observed in bolometry and soft x-ray emissivities of highly rotating JET ITER-like wall (ILW) plasmas. Poloidal variation of the density of high-Z impurities, such as tungsten, in the core of NBI heated plasmas is expected from neoclassical theory due to charge displacement and parallel electric field generated by the centrifugal force. We calculate the poloidally asymmetric distribution of tungsten using fluid equations and a 1D transport simulation with the JETTO/SANCO code. Peaking of tungsten on the outboard side of the plasma is found and verified with soft x-ray and bolometry measurements. We then study the effect of a poloidally asymmetric tungsten distribution on the distribution of the NBI heat source by simulations with the Monte Carlo code ASCOT. The simulations show that the poloidally asymmetric tungsten profile redistributes the fast NBI ions radially through shifting their ionization profile and poloidally through enhanced pitch-angle scattering at high energy. The amplitude of the redistribution is in the order of 10% for the highest nW/ne ratios of ∼10−4 measured in recent JET H-mode plasmas. As a result of the scattering of the beam particles, the core heat deposition is changed less than 10%, which does not have a significant impact to the performance of JET plasmas. The modelling is in qualitative agreement with measurements by the vertical neutron camera that sees a broadening in the 2.5 MeV neutron profile when tungsten peaks on the outboard side of the plasma. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Published: 2015
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50. Generating equally weighted test particles from the one-way flux of a drifting Maxwellian.

Author: T Makkonen, M I Airila, and T Kurki-Suonio
Published: 2015
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