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This paper presents a novel control strategy for active photovoltaic (APV) array using real-time scanning method. This proposed technology reduces extreme power drops due to the partial shading conditions (PSCs). In this paper, PSIM software is used to simulate the conventional photovoltaic (PV) array and the newly proposed APV array. The comparative analysis results show that this newly proposed technology can effectively reduce the power loss caused by the PSCs to the PV generation system. Assuming a practical system, we will verify the practicality of the proposed system by conducting a demonstration experiment with a large array scale. We also built a monitor system to monitor the generated power of each unit.

The PV generation system operates in maximum power of PV array by MPPT control of power conditioning system (PCS). However, there is a problem that maximum power of the PV array configuration greatly decreases by partial shadow. For this problem, the authors previously proposed the active PV array(APV) system which is able to extract total power of the maximum power of each PV panel with preset PV array voltage, equipping each panel with the buck-boost converter(Unit). This APV system is able to maintain the ideal P-V characteristics under all conditions. In this paper, the effect of this method is demonstrated by simulation and experiment. In this investigated condition, it is clarified that the generated power of the proposed APV system is 1.6 times, compared with the conventional PV array system.

Inclusive measurements of the D(p, p)pn reaction were made at incident proton energies of 248 MeV and 13 MeV, to investigate the global feature of the pd breakup reaction at intermediate and low energies. At 248 MeV, the cross section and analyzing power A y were measured at four angles from 7° to 20°. The data largely disagree with Faddeev calculations even if 2π-exchange three-nucleon force (2π3NF) or Δ-isobar is included, and the disagreement increases at forward angles. At 13 MeV, the cross section was measured at eight angles from 10° to 70°. The data are well reproduced by a recent pd Faddeev calculation, and the effects of Δ-isobar at 13 MeV are very small.

The I-V characteristics of p+n 4H-SiC diode formed by Al ion implantation have been investigated as a function of annealing temperature. Al ions are implanted at the elevated sample temperature of 500 oC in order to fabricate p-type doped layer on the n-type epitaxial layer, grown on n+ 4H-SiC substrate. The implanted sample is annealed using electron bombardment annealing system in the annealing temperature ranging from 1700 to 1900 oC. The Al implanted sample, annealed below 1800 oC shows the deteriorated I-V characteristics in which the forward current includes the resistive current components and the reverse current is in the order of 10-4 A/cm2. The p+n diode formed by annealing at 1900 oC reveals the forward current without extra-current components and the reverse current as low as 10-6 A/cm2. It is suggested that the annealing above 1900 oC is effective in reducing the implantation-induced defect at the interface between Al implanted p+ layer and the underlying n-type epitaxial layer.

A measurement of tensor analyzing power A x x and A y y of H ( d → , He 3 ) γ reaction at E d → = 137 MeV was made at RCNP. Both the relation of A x x ≈ A y y and the discrepancy in A x x between experiment and calculations were confirmed at 137 MeV, in consistent with our previous measurement at 196 MeV. Present data are compared with KVI data at 133 MeV.

We made three kinds of measurements at E p = 13 MeV ; i) D ( p , p p ) n experiment at pp FSI, ii) D ( p , p ) p n experiment at θ p = 10 ° – 60 ° , and iii) D ( p , p p ) n experiment at many angle pairs around the space star. For an easy estimate of Coulomb effects in pd breakup reaction, we proposed Watson- Migdal & Faddeev calculation which was found to give nearly the same results as the pd calculation by Deltuva et al. . Cross sections of i) and ii) are well reproduced by the pd calculation, however, 10-15% discrepancy has been found between the cross section of iii) and the calculation.

To assess the alteration of myocardial ischemic findings and the role of collateral vessels in patients with Kawasaki disease (KD), we used dipyridamole stress technetium-99m tetrofosmin (Tf) single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT). A comparison study of coronary angiography and dipyridamole stress (0.70 mg/kg) Tf-SPECT was repeated at least twice in 20 patients. The subjects included 7 patients with coronary stenosis, 1 with pre- and post-coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) due to coronary stenosis, 1 with progression to coronary stenosis, and 11 with persistent coronary aneurysms. In the stenosis group, Tf-SPECT revealed that 6 of the 7 patients had some degree of ischemic findings, and 5 of these 6 did not show any change in their ischemic findings during follow-up. In 1 patient, the ischemic findings changed according to the collateral circulation changes. The patient who underwent CABG had pre-CABG ischemic changes that disappeared after CABG. In the patient whose coronary arteries progressed to stenosis, the ischemic findings progressed as the coronary stenosis progressed. In the persistent aneurysm group, there were no ischemic findings. In the future Tf-SPECT may become one of the most useful methods for monitoring the progressive changes of myocardial ischemia in KD.

For realizing a naturalistic collaboration between the human and the robot, we have to establish the intention sharing from the series of motion data that are observed and exchanged between the human and the machine. In a word, this is a problem to detect "meanings" out of the digitized data stream. In this paper, we propose a novel approach based on semiosis, and present a method of interpreting bodily motions using recurrent neural networks called Elman networks. We made some experiments using the raw data acquired while a human performs a simple task of fetching objects by stretching and folding his/her arm, and demonstrate that the network can learn invariant features of the generalized motion concepts, classify the motion by referring to self-organized memory structure, and understand a task structure of the observed human bodily motion. These capabilities are essential for machine intelligence to establishing the human-robot shared autonomy, a new style of human-machine collaboration proposed in the area of robotics.

In the present study, La-doped TiO2 and ZnO nano particles were synthesized and extensively characterized by various sophisticated techniques such as XRD, nitrogen adsorption, UV-Vis, AFM and XPS. Rough and highly porous surface of La-doped photocatalysts was observed by AFM, which is critical for enhancing the photocatalytic activity. Degradation and mineralization studies of monocrotophos (MCP) revealed that 1 wt% La-doped TiO2/ZnO exhibits high activity compared to that of pure TiO2/ZnO.

72歳,女性の仙骨前面直腸重複腸管について報告した.卵巣嚢腫の診断で入院,手術を施行した。開腹所見はS状結腸間膜後面より,左側仙骨前面を占める嚢胞性腫瘤で,経腹経仙骨的に直腸壁と腫瘤を合併切除した,切除標本は8.0×4.0cm大,表面は平滑で,内部は白色の粘液で充満されていた。病理組織学的所見は,嚢胞壁全体に平滑筋層を有しており,大腸粘膜が保たれている部分と脱落している部分が存在した.粘膜は正常に近く悪性所見はなかった.以上より嚢胞型の直腸重複腸管と診断された.

We studied analogs of the giant dipole resonance (GDR) and spin-dipole resonance (SDR) in $^{4}\mathrm{He}$ and in the \ensuremath{\alpha} clusters of $^{6,7}\mathrm{Li}$ via the ($^{7}\mathrm{Li}$,$^{7}\mathrm{Be}$\ensuremath{\gamma}) reactions on $^{4}\mathrm{He}$, $^{6}\mathrm{Li}$, and $^{7}\mathrm{Li}$ at an incident energy of 455 MeV and at a scattering angle of $0\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}$ by measuring spin-nonflip and spin-flip spectra. The reaction $Q$-values for the analogs of the GDR and SDR in the \ensuremath{\alpha} clusters of $^{6,7}\mathrm{Li}$ were found to be more negative than those in $^{4}\mathrm{He}$ by $2.0\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.5$ MeV. The ratios of the cross section for the analog of the GDR to that for the analog of the SDR in $^{4}\mathrm{He}$ and in the \ensuremath{\alpha} clusters of $^{6}\mathrm{Li}$ and $^{7}\mathrm{Li}$ were found to be the same within errors, $0.5\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.1$. The cross sections for the analogs of the GDR as well as those for the analogs of the SDR in the \ensuremath{\alpha} clusters of $^{6,7}\mathrm{Li}$ were 0.6\ensuremath{\sim}0.8 times smaller than those in $^{4}\mathrm{He}$. These results suggest that excitations of \ensuremath{\alpha} clusters embedded in nuclei are suppressed as compared with excitations of free \ensuremath{\alpha} particles.

Inclusive experiments for D(p,p)pn breakup were performed at incident proton energies of 247 MeV and 13 MeV. At 247 MeV, the cross sections and analyzing power Ay measured at angles from 7 ° to 20 ° largely disagree with calculations even if a 2π‐exchange three‐nucleon force (2π3NF) effects are included, and the disagreement increases at forward angles. At 13 MeV, cross section measured at angles from 10 ° to 70 ° agrees well with pd calculation and 2π3NF effects are small. The large disagreement in pd breakup at 247 MeV may have some relationship with disagreements in pd scattering at 250 MeV.

We measured the differential cross section and the spin correlation parameter C{sub yy} of the p-vector+{sup 3}He-vector elastic backward scattering at 200, 300, and 400 MeV at {theta}=180 deg. in the center-of-mass frame to study the mechanism of the reaction and to examine the validity of the {sup 3}He wave functions based on two different realistic two-body forces. This is the first measurement of the spin correlation parameter C{sub yy} of the p-vector+{sup 3}He-vector EBS at intermediate energies. The experimental results were compared with few-body calculations, including three reaction mechanisms: two-nucleon-pair exchange, pion exchange, and direct pp scattering. It was found that few-body calculations describe the differential cross-section data reasonably well. The spin correlation parameter C{sub yy} shows clear evidence for the two-nucleon-pair exchange processes in the reaction, demonstrating that the spin observables are helpful for deeper understanding of the reaction mechanism.

We studied the giant dipole resonance (GDR) in $^{4}\mathrm{He}$ by observing its analog via the $^{4}\mathrm{He}$($^{7}\mathrm{Li}$,$^{7}\mathrm{Be}$) reaction at an incident energy of 455 MeV and at forward scattering angles. The spin-nonflip ($\ensuremath{\Delta}S=0$) spectrum was deduced by measuring the 0.43-MeV $^{7}\mathrm{Be}$ \ensuremath{\gamma}-ray in coincidence with the scattered $^{7}\mathrm{Be}$. The total cross section of photodisintegration to the GDR in $^{4}\mathrm{He}$ was derived from the $\ensuremath{\Delta}S=0$ and $\ensuremath{\Delta}L=1$ spectrum. The result agrees well with the previous total photodisintegration data in which the GDR has a pronounced peak at ${E}_{\ensuremath{\gamma}}~27$ MeV.

A measurement of tensor analyzing power Axx and Ayy of H(d, 3He)γ reaction at Ed = 137 MeV was made at RCNP. Both the relation of Axx ≈ Ayy and the discrepancy in Axx between experiment and calculations were confirmed at 137 MeV, in consistent with our previous measurement at 196 MeV. Present data are compared with KVI data at 133 MeV.

We investigated the analogs of the giant dipole resonance (GDR) and spin‐dipole resonance (SDR) of 4He by using the 4He(7Li,7Be) reaction at an incident energy of 455 MeV and at forward scattering angles. The ΔS=0 and ΔS=1 spectra for 4He were obtained by measuring the 0.43‐MeV 7Be γ‐ray in coincidence with the scattered 7Be. From the ΔS=0 and ΔS=1 spectra thus obtained, the strength distributions of the GDR and SDR in 4He can be derived and the results are compared with the previous data.

Supernarrow dibaryons (SNDs) have been searched for by the $\mathit{pd}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\mathit{ppX}$ and $\mathit{pd}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\mathit{pdX}$ reactions at ${E}_{p}=295$ MeV over a mass range of 1898 to 1953 MeV, where three candidates of SNDs were found at the Moscow Meson Factory. The experiment was carried out at the Research Center for Nuclear Physics using a two-arm magnetic spectrometer system and a liquid deuterium target. A good mass resolution of 1 MeV and a low background condition were achieved. No resonance structure was observed in the missing mass spectra. Upper limits of the SND production cross section were determined.

The isovector dipole resonances (DR's) consisting of the giant dipole resonance and spin dipole resonance (SDR) in $^{4}\mathrm{He}$ were investigated by using the ($p,{p}^{'}$) reaction at an incident energy of 300 MeV. We compared the excitation energy, width, resonance shape and the differential cross sections for the DR in $^{4}\mathrm{He}$ with those for the DR's in $^{6}\mathrm{Li}$ and $^{7}\mathrm{Li}$ which had been observed and interpreted in earlier work as the DR's in the \ensuremath{\alpha} clusters of $^{6}\mathrm{Li}$ and $^{7}\mathrm{Li}$. The DR's in $^{4}\mathrm{He}$ and in the \ensuremath{\alpha} clusters of $^{6,7}\mathrm{Li}$ were observed at ${E}_{x}=25.1\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.5,28.0\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.5$, and $30.5\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.5$ MeV with the widths of $11.0\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}2.0,11.7\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}1.5$, and $11.3\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}2.0$ MeV, respectively. The peaks corresponding to the 2${}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ SDR in the \ensuremath{\alpha} cluster were not as dominant as that observed in $^{4}\mathrm{He}$ at ${E}_{x}=22.1$ MeV. The resonance shapes for the \ensuremath{\alpha} cluster in $^{6,7}\mathrm{Li}$ were reproduced well with the DR shape without including the 2${}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ SDR in $^{4}\mathrm{He}$. The excitation energies for the DR's in the \ensuremath{\alpha} clusters slightly increase with the number of the surrounding nucleons. The cross sections for the excitation of the DR's in the \ensuremath{\alpha} clusters of $^{6,7}\mathrm{Li}$, normalized to the spectroscopic factors for the \ensuremath{\alpha} particle in $^{6,7}\mathrm{Li}$, are comparable to the cross section for the excitation of the DR in $^{4}\mathrm{He}$.

The modeling of user behavior patterns for personalized information services in mobile environments has recently become a popular research theme. Most of the research aims at predicting the user's future behavior (and/or location) by extracting frequent patterns from the history of location data sequences. However, sometimes user behavior changes according to the external information such as date, time, weather, etc., and we cannot accurately predict it based on the location data sequences alone. In this paper, we propose a new travel destination prediction method including day and time as external information. First, the user's travel history information including the location, date and time is stored. Then, from the external information, time/day categories that have correlation to the user's destination based on entropy are determined. Finally, using the categories, a destination that depends on the external information can be successfully predicted. An application of the method to data collected from a car navigation system showed possibility for an improved performance comparing to the conventional methods. Higher destination prediction accuracy during the first several minutes after user's departure was reported.

The isovector giant dipole resonance (GDR) of the α‐clusters in 6Li and 7Li, and the GDR in 4He were investigated by using the 6,7Li(p,p′) and 4He(p,p′) reactions, respectively, at an incident energy of 300 MeV. The cross sections for the excitation of the GDR in the α clusters in 6,7Li normalized with the spectroscopic factors of the α‐particle for 6,7Li agreed to the GDR cross section in 4He. The excitation energies and widths for the GDR in α clusters were larger than those for the GDR in 4He by 2–4 MeV and 0.5–4 MeV, respectively.

The AIST super cluster consists of more than 3000 processors and is one of the largest-scale cluster systems in Japan. It was delivered in March 2004, and started operation in April 2004. It is used as the basis of high-performance computing environments for grid computing. The objectives of AIST super cluster are: to establish the technology of constructing large-scale cluster systems with thousands of connected processors, to be used in nanotechnology, bio-informatics and other research fields, and to serve as the core system for cooperation between industries, academy and government. This system consists of three cluster sub systems and a storage sub system.

We have developed 65 nm-node CMOS technology for general-purpose system-on-a-chip (SoC), in which both standby and active power reductions are strongly required. With highly reliable triple gate oxide (1.3 nm, 1.6 nm and 3.2 nm) using low damage process, an average standby current can be reduced to one-fifth compared with conventional case. Gate pre-doping and RTA conditions were optimized to maintain on-current even with the supply voltage of 0.9 V. High-speed (HS) transistors show on-current of 680 /spl mu/A//spl mu/m for nFET and 240 /spl mu/A//spl mu/m for pFET with I/sub G/ of 13 nA//spl mu/m and I/sub OFF/ of 30 nA//spl mu/m. Low-gate-leakage (LGL) transistors show on-current of 490 /spl mu/A//spl mu/m for nFET and 175 /spl mu/A//spl mu/m for pFET with I/sub G/ of 0.8 nA//spl mu/m and I/sub OFF/ of 3 nA//spl mu/m. Gate oxide of all the above transistors exhibit tight TDDB distributions.

We report a patient with transient periduodenal panniculitis due to spontaneous rupture of a pancreatic pseudocyst into the duodenum. He developed sudden onset of severe epigastric and back pain with jaundice, mimicking the symptoms of acute pancreatitis. However, the serum and urinary amylase levels did not increase. CT scans showed disappearance of his pseudocyst and periduodenal panniculitis without any evidence of acute pancreatitis. The CT findings of periduodenal panniculitis and his symptoms both improved within 3 weeks. A duodenal fistula leading to the remnant pseudocyst and narrowing of the periduodenal portion of the common bile duct were demonstrated by endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography.

We describe successful induction of immune tolerance (IT) in a 10-month-old boy with severe haemophilia B. Urticaria developed soon after starting prophylactic treatment and was associated with an inhibitor at 7 Bethesda units mL(-1). Initially, we tried low dose factor IX therapy to induce IT with only a transient effect. The patient experienced an intracranial haemorrhage. A simple bolus dose of FIX eradicated the inhibitor. Thereafter he has been free from inhibitor and nephrotic syndrome for more than 5 years, although he receives FIX three times a week.

A local area distributed computing system called RHiNET (RWCP High Performance Network), in which thousands of commodity personal computers and workstations can be connected by high speed optical interconnection is being developed. RHiNET consists of network interfaces, network switches and optical interconnections. RHiNET will provide a single system image to users and support high performance parallel computing. This paper presents an overview of the system.

We produced a large-throughput optical interconnection for a distributed parallel computing system. It transmits optical data at a rate of over 800-Mbit/s/spl times/10-bit through a 50-m single-mode fiber, using a CMOS MUX/DEMUX and retiming circuits. We measured the BER to be less than 10/sup -9/.

A large throughput, low latency network switch (RHiNET-2/SW) has been developed for a distributed parallel computing system. This switch has a new architecture to support low latency "zero-copy" communication in multi-tasking environments. Eight pairs of 800-Mbit/s/spl times/12-channel optical interconnection modules and a CMOS ASIC switch are implemented on a compact circuit board. To achieve large-throughput (64 Gbit/s) and low-latency network performance, the SW-LSI has a customized high-speed LVDS I/O interface, and high-speed internal SRAM memory in a 784-pin-BGA one-chip package. Also, we have developed the device implementation technologies to overcome the electrical problems (crosstalk, skew, reflection and noise). These implementation technologies are applicable for switches used in other high-speed networks such as GSN, 4 Gbit/s Fiber Channel or 10 Gbit/s Ethernet.

We describe and evaluate a novel distributed-shared memory (DSM) architecture of JUMP-1, a general-purpose MPP system. For improving performance, JUMP-1 DSM architecture utilizes cooperation of the network, construction of memory-directories and a memory-protocol that unifies memory-consistency, communication and synchronization. Among features of JUMP-1 DSM, we show details of Reduced Hierarchical Bit-map Directory schemes (RHBDs) which utilize hierarchy embedded in the interconnection network for reducing network traffic on shared memory operations. Three variations of the RHBD are implemented on a network called the RDT (Recursive Diagonal Torus) consisting of the hierarchical structure of two-dimensional tori. In RHBDs, the bit map directory is reduced for quick multicasting without accessing the directory in each hierarchy. Most unnecessary packets caused by reduction of the bit map are removed with the pruning cache provided in the router. The results of simulation demonstrate that latency for cache coherent messages is much improved compared with traditional directory schemes.

We describe the basic architecture of JUMP-1, an MPP prototype developed by collaboration between 7 universities. The proposed architecture can exploit high performance of coarse-grained RISC processor performance in connection with flexible fine-grained operation such as distributed shared memory, versatile synchronization and message communications. >

Clinical tympanic thermometers detecting infrared radiation from the tympanic membrane of the ear have been used in the field of medical care. Because of the weakness of the infrared radiation, infrared sensors for clinical thermometers need high sensitivity, good resolution and small size. Therefore, we have developed a vacuum-encapsulated thermistor bolometer type infrared sensor for this purpose using semiconductor micromachining techniques. The sensor has a heat-sensitive portion on the micro-air-bridge designed to minimize heat capacity. To decrease the heat loss to the ambient air, the micro-air-bridge is encapsulated in a vacuum micro-chamber. Two thermistors on the individual micro-air-bridge are contained in the same micro-chamber. In order to cancel the thermally induced background noise, the differential output signal from the two thermistors is monitored. In this work, two types of thermistor were investigated. One was a germanium thin film thermistor (germanium thermistor) and the other a polycrystalline silicon Schottky barrier thermistor. The former has a thermistor constant B of 3500 K to 4300 K while the latter shows a larger equivalent thermistor constant of 5300 K to 6400 K. A hermetically sealed small packaging (2.0 mm/spl times/2.5 mm/spl times/0.8 mm) could be achieved. These sensors were fabricated through a successive batch process. Furthermore, the whole fabrication process, including the hermetic sealings is essentially compatible with the integrated circuit process. The sensitivity of the germanium thermistor is better than 560 V/W at 5.0 V dc, in spite of absorption loss through the silicon window.

A local area distributed computing system in which thousands of commodity personal computers and workstations can be connected by high speed optical interconnection is being developed. This system will provide a single parallel system image to users and support high performance parallel computing. This paper presents the overview of the memory based light weight communication architecture of such a system.

In this paper, a wavelength division multiple access (WDM) ring is proposed for interconnection in workstation clusters or parallel machines. This network consists of ring connected routers each of which selectively passes signals addressed in some particular wavelengths. Other wavelengths are once converted to electric signals and re-transmitted, being addressed in different wavelengths. Wavelengths are assigned to divisors of the number of nodes in the system. Using the regular WDM ring with imaginary nodes, the diameter and average distance are reduced even if the number of nodes has few divisors. It provides better diameter and average distance than that of the unidirectional torus. Although the diameter and average distance is worse than that of ShuffleNet, the physical structure of the WDM ring is simple and the available number of nodes is flexible.

Automatic generation of test suites for concurrent systems is a newly exploited area of conformance tests. A few methods based on a finite state machine (FSM) have been proposed. However, these methods require a large amount of computation cost. By using coloured Petri nets (CPN), the required amount of computation costs can be reduced, and the length of the test suites can be reduced by using the equivalent marking technique on CPN. In addition, these methods allow us to test interaction parameters of concurrent systems. We propose two CPN based test suite generation methods for conformance tests: the coloured Petri net tree (CPT) method and the coloured Petri net graph (CPG) method. An experimental test suite generator (TSG) based on CPT method is presented. To show the advantages of the CPT and CPG methods, the effects of test suite length reduction by equivalent markings are evaluated.

Human bodily motions are effectively used to communicate, and the ability to read the intentions behind those is essentially important for the machine system to collaborate with the human. If we use behaviors as medium of communication with the machine, the machine system should be able to construct meanings from them. In this paper, semiosis and related topics of symbol grounding are reviewed, and motion understanding is discussed in terms of that framework. Then, a method for extracting meanings from a series of human bodily motion is presented using a recurrent neural network (RNN). Finally we discuss about what the RNN learning implies with respect to semiosis.

Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMP) are members of the TGFbeta superfamily of secreted factors with important regulatory functions during embryogenesis. We have isolated the zebrafish gene, nma, that encodes a protein with high sequence similarity to human NMA and Xenopus Bambi. It is also similar to TGFbeta type I serine/theronine kinase receptors in the extracellular ligand-binding domain but lacks a cytoplasmic kinase domain. During development, nma expression is similar to that of bmp2b and bmp4, and analysis in the dorsalized and ventralized zebrafish mutants swirl and chordino indicates that nma is regulated by BMP signaling. Overexpression of nma during zebrafish and Xenopus development resulted in phenotypes that appear to be based on inhibition of BMP signaling. Biochemically, NMA can associate with TGFbeta type II receptors and bind to TGFbeta ligand. We propose that nma is a BMP-regulated gene whose function is to attenuate BMP signaling during development through interactions with type II receptors and ligands.