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1. Deuterium-Tritium Experiments on the Tokamak Fusion Test Reactor

Author

J. Hosea, J. H. Adler, P. Alling, C. Ancher, H. Anderson, J.L. Anderson, J.W. Anderson, V. Arunasalam, G. Ascione, D. Ashcroft, C.W. Barnes, G. Barnes, S. Batha, M.G. Bell, R. Bell, M. Bitter, W. Blanchard, N.L. Bretz, C. Brunkhorst, R. Budny, T. Burgess, H. Bush, C.E. Bush, R. Camp, M. Caorlin, H. Carnevale, S. Cauffman, Z. Chang, C.Z. Cheng, J. Chrzanowski, J. Collins, G. Coward, M. Cropper, D.S. Darrow, R. Daugert, J. DeLooper, H. Duong, L. Dudek, R. Durst, P.C. Efthimion, D. Ernst, J. Faunce, R. Fisher, R.J. Fonck, E. Fredd, E. Fredrickson, N. Fromm, G.Y. Fu, H.P. Furth, V. Garzotto, C. Gentile, G. Gettelfinger, J. Gilbert, J. Gioia, T. Golian, N. Gorelenkov, B. Grek, L.R. Grisham, G. Hammett, G.R. Hanson, R.J. Hawryluk, W. Heidbrink, H.W. Herrmann, K.W. Hill, H. Hsuan, A. Janos, D.L. Jassby, F.C. Jobes, D.W. Johnson, L.C. Johnson, J. Kamperschroer, J. Kesner, H. Kugel, S. Kwon, G. Labik, N.T. Lam, P.H. LaMarche, E. Lawson, B. LeBlanc, M. Leonard, J. Levine, F.M. Levinton, D. Loesser, D. Long, M.J. Loughlin, J. Machuzak, D.K. Mansfield, M. Marchlik, E.S. Marmar, R. Marsala, A. Martin, G. Martin, V. Mastrocola, E. Mazzucato, R. Majeski, M. Mauel, M.P. McCarthy, B. McCormack, D.C. McCune, K.M. McGuire, D.M. Meade, S.S. Medley, D.R. Mikkelsen, S.L. Milora, D. Mueller, M. Murakami, J.A. Murphy, A. Nagy, G.A. Navratil, R. Nazikian, R. Newman, T. Nishitani, M. Norris, T. O’Connor, M. Oldaker, J. Ongena, M. Osakabe, D.K. Owens, H. Park, W. Park, S.F. Paul, Yu.I. Pavlov, G. Pearson, F. Perkins, E. Perry, R. Persing, M. Petrov, C.K. Phillips, S. Pitcher, S. Popovichev, R. Pysher, A.L. Qualls, S. Raftopoulos, R. Ramakrishnan, A. Ramsey, D.A. Rasmussen, M.H. Redi, G. Renda, G. Rewoldt, D. Roberts, J. Rogers, R. Rossmassler, A.L. Roquemore, E. Ruchov, S.A. Sabbagh, M. Sasao, G. Schilling, J. Schivell, G.L. Schmidt, R. Scillia, S.D. Scott, T. Senko, R. Sissingh, C. Skinner, J. Snipes, P. Snook, J. Stencel, J. Stevens, T. Stevenson, B.C. Stratton, J.D. Strachan, W. Stodiek, E. Synakowski, W. Tang, G. Taylor, J. Terry, M.E. Thompson, J.R. Timberlake, H.H. Towner, A. von Halle, C. Vannoy, R. Wester, R. Wieland, J.B. Wilgen, M. Williams, J.R. Wilson, J. Winston, K. Wright, D. Wong, K.L. Wong, P. Woskov, G.A. Wurden, M. Yamada, A. Yeun, S. Yoshikawa, K.M. Young, M.C. Zarnstorff, and S.J. Zweben

Subjects
Range (particle radiation), Materials science, 020209 energy, General Engineering, 02 engineering and technology, Alpha particle, Plasma, Fusion power, 01 natural sciences, 010305 fluids & plasmas, Nuclear physics, Deuterium, 0103 physical sciences, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Limiter, Electron temperature, Tokamak Fusion Test Reactor
Abstract

The deuterium-tritium (D-T) experimental program on the Tokamak Fusion Test Reactor (TFTR) is underway and routine tritium operations have been established. The technology upgrades made to the TFTR facility have been demonstrated to be sufficient for supporting both operations and maintenance for an extended D-T campaign. To date fusion power has been increased to {approximately}9 MW and several physics results of importance to the D-T reactor regime have been obtained: electron temperature, ion temperature, and plasma stored energy all increase substantially in the D-T regime relative to the D-D regime at the same neutral beam power and comparable limiter conditioning; possible alpha electron heating is indicated and energy confinement improvement with average ion mass is observed; and alpha particle losses appear to be classical with no evidence of TAE mode activity up to the P{sub FUS} {approximately}6 MW level. Instability in the TAE mode frequency range has been observed at P{sub FUS} > 7 MW and its effect on performance is under investigation. Preparations are underway to enhance the alpha particle density further by increasing fusion power and by extending the neutral beam pulse length to permit alpha particle effects of relevance to the ITER regime to be more fullymore » explored.« less

Published
1994
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2. Preparations for deuterium–tritium experiments on the Tokamak Fusion Test Reactor*

Author

V. Mastrocola, D. Wong, B. C. Stratton, G. Martin, William Tang, D. Monticello, P. Snook, C.H. Skinner, Yu. I. Pavlov, H. Carnevale, Richard Majeski, H. Anderson, H. Hsuan, Earl Marmar, Dale Meade, J. H. Rogers, J. Kamperschroer, C. Ancher, V. Garzotto, M. Williams, C. E. Bush, Takeo Nishitani, I. Collazo, R. Ramakrishnan, R. Newman, J. DeLooper, D. Roberts, H. W. Hermann, G. Ascione, E. Fredd, H. H. Towner, Darin Ernst, W. Park, H. Bush, J. Chrzanowski, M. Oldaker, J. W. Anderson, D. Aschroft, K. L. Wong, M. Ulrickson, D.K. Owens, M.G. Bell, S. Raftopoulos, M. Leonard, J. Gioia, J. R. Timberlake, N. T. Lam, A. von Halle, A. Yeun, J. Levine, Leonid E. Zakharov, Jay Kesner, Chio-Zong Cheng, Larry R. Grisham, M. Murakami, D. Loesser, M. J. Laughlin, R. Rossmassler, Liu Chen, J. A. Murphy, T. Golian, G Rewoldt, R. Durst, G. Labik, A. Martin, R. Scillia, M. E. Thompson, S. D. Scott, R.J. Hawryluk, S. S. Medley, John B Wilgen, G. L. Schmidt, Cris W. Barnes, H. Adler, D. R. Mikkelsen, S. Pitcher, F. W. Perkins, R. Sissingh, A. L. Qualls, J. R. Wilson, G. Barnes, T. Stevenson, J. C. Hosea, Raffi Nazikian, C. Brunkhorst, J. Schivell, Glenn Bateman, T. Burgess, V. Arunasalam, D. S. Darrow, P. C. Efthimion, A. L. Roquemore, Michael A. Beer, Guoyong Fu, R. Wieland, R.J. Fonck, E.D. Fredrickson, Gregory W. Hammett, W. Blanchard, S. Kwon, J. Stevens, M. Marchlik, L. C. Johnson, R. Camp, T. Senko, Nikolai Gorelenkov, K. W. Hill, B.P. LeBlanc, D. W. Johnson, William Heidbrink, Hyeon K. Park, R. Daugert, J. Swanson, Masaaki Yamada, David A Rasmussen, M. Sasao, F. M. Levinton, E. Perry, Donald B. Batchelor, J. Stencel, D.C. McCune, D. Long, Manfred Bitter, E. Mazzucato, S. Yoshikawa, K. M. McGuire, S.A. Sabbagh, G. A. Wurden, Michael E. Mauel, L. Dudek, P. Alling, C. Gentile, M. H. Redi, G. Gettelfinger, J. D. Strachan, F. C. Jobes, Paul Woskov, R. C. Goldfinger, G. Renda, B. Grek, D. L. Jassby, J. Snipes, J.L. Terry, D. Mueller, M. Caorlin, C. Vannoy, T. O’Connor, J. Gilbert, G. Taylor, W. Stodiek, M. Cropper, E. Lawson, E. J. Synakowski, A. T. Ramsey, Gerald Navratil, J. L. Anderson, R. Persing, G. R. Hanson, S. F. Paul, R. A. Hulse, G. Pearson, G. Coward, M. P. Petrov, E. F. Jaeger, J. Faunce, M. McCarthy, S. H. Batha, K. Wright, K. M. Young, S.L. Milora, Stewart Zweben, S. Popovichev, S.P. Hirshman, H.W. Kugel, J. Ongena, M. C. Zarnstorff, P.T. Bonoli, A. Nagy, D. J. Hoffman, M. Norris, A. Janos, R. Marsala, M. Osakabe, J. Machuzak, G. Schilling, T. S. Biglow, Harold P. Furth, B. McCormack, H.H. Duong, Z. Chang, P. H. LaMarche, C. K. Phillips, Robert Budny, Steven Cowley, D. E. Mansfield, J. Collins, N. L. Bretz, L. A. Baylor, John Scharer, N. Fromm, and M. J. Gouge

Subjects
Nuclear physics, Tritium illumination, Physics, Lawson criterion, Deuterium, Water cooling, Tritium, Neutron radiation, Fusion power, Condensed Matter Physics, Tokamak Fusion Test Reactor
Abstract

The final hardware modifications for tritium operation have been completed for the Tokamak Fusion Test Reactor (TFTR) [Fusion Technol. 21, 1324 (1992)]. These activities include preparation of the tritium gas handling system, installation of additional neutron shielding, conversion of the toroidal field coil cooling system from water to a FluorinertTM system, modification of the vacuum system to handle tritium, preparation, and testing of the neutral beam system for tritium operation and a final deuterium–deuterium (D–D) run to simulate expected deuterium–tritium (D–T) operation. Testing of the tritium system with low concentration tritium has successfully begun. Simulation of trace and high power D–T experiments using D–D have been performed. The physics objectives of D–T operation are production of ≊10 MW of fusion power, evaluation of confinement, and heating in deuterium–tritium plasmas, evaluation of α‐particle heating of electrons, and collective effects driven by alpha particles and testing of diag...

Published
1994
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3. Installation of the Tritium Purification System

Author

J. Satkofsky, R. Parsells, G. Labik, G. Coward, L. Dudek, T. Golian, P. Sichta, and D. Crook

Subjects
Operational readiness, Engineering, business.industry, Nuclear engineering, Electrical installation, Product line, Forensic engineering, Site selection, Tritium, Fusion power, business, Column design
Abstract

This paper describes and details the design, the tasks, and the considerations for the mechanical and electrical installation of the TFTR Tritium Purification System (TPS) at the Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory (PPPL). Canadian Fusion Fuels Technology Project (CFFTP) designed, fabricated, assembled and tested the Tritium Purification System in Ontario, Canada. After system tests were accepted by Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory, the assembled components were disassembled into a set of subassemblies and were shipped to PPPL. The subassemblies were reassembled at PPPL and installed primarily in the Decon Facility. The original site selection was within the TFTR tritium processing area and that selection impacted the column design. The Decon Facility was later chosen to permit a better layout of equipment and improved access for installation personnel. Selection of the Decon Facility site resulted in longer line runs for most of the process streams including the tritium product line. The initial review of the proposed installation was conducted during September of 1994 and the System Integrated Test began during April 1995, subsequent to a successful Operational Readiness Assessment conducted during March of 1995.

Published
2002
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5. Protective peptides that are orally active and mechanistically nonchiral.

Author

Brenneman DE, Spong CY, Hauser JM, Abebe D, Pinhasov A, Golian T, and Gozes I

Subjects
Administration, Oral, Animals, Cells, Cultured, Disease Models, Animal, Ethanol toxicity, Female, Mice, Mice, Knockout, Neurons drug effects, Peptides therapeutic use, Pregnancy, Rats, Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders prevention & control, Neuroprotective Agents therapeutic use, Oligopeptides therapeutic use
Abstract

Previous reports identified two peptides that mimic the action of neuroprotective proteins derived from astrocytes. These peptides, NAPVSIPQ and SALLRSIPA, prevent neuronal cell death produced by electrical blockade, N-methyl-d-aspartate, and beta-amyloid peptide (25-35). In the present study, all d-amino acid peptides of NAPVSIPQ and SALLRSIPA were synthesized and compared respectively to the corresponding all l-amino acid peptides. In rat cerebral cortical test cultures cotreated with 1 microM tetrodotoxin, the d-amino acid peptides produced similar potency and efficacy for neuroprotection as that observed for their respective l-amino acid peptides. Since all these peptides tested individually exhibited attenuation of efficacy at concentrations of >10 pM, combinations of these peptides were tested for possible synergies. Equimolar d-NAPVSIPQ and d-SALLRSIPA combination treatment produced potent neuroprotection (EC(50), 0.03 fM) that did not attenuate with increasing concentrations. Similarly, the combination of l-NAPVSIPQ and d-SALLRSIPA also had high potency (EC(50), 0.07 fM) without attenuation of efficacy. Combined administration of peptides was tested in a model of fetal alcohol syndrome and in a model of learning impairment: apolipoprotein E knockout mice. Intraperitoneal administration of d-NAPVSIPQ plus d-SALLRSIPA to pregnant mice (embryonic day 8) attenuated fetal demise after treatment with an acute high dose of alcohol. Furthermore, oral administration of d-NAPVSIPQ plus d-SALLRSIPA significantly increased fetal survival after maternal alcohol treatment. Apolipoprotein E knockout mice injected with d-NAPVSIPQ plus d-SALLRSIPA showed improved performance in the Morris water maze. These studies suggest therapeutic potential for the combined administration of neuroprotective peptides that can act through a mechanism independent of chiral recognition.

Published
2004
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