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Introduction. Physical activity is often used in rehabilitation to restore cognitive function after cerebral blood flow impairment and typological features like baseline cognitive ability may alter their effectiveness.The aim was to evaluate the expression of nNOS and NeuN in the large hemisphere cortex in the cerebral hypoperfusion occurrence in rats having different scores in the Morris maze.Materials and methods. Cerebral hypoperfusion was simulated by bilateral ligation of the common carotid arteries. Before surgery, Wistar rats were divided into equal subgroups with high (HCA) and low levels of cognitive ability (LCA) according to the results of Morris maze testing. Animals were removed from the experiment at 8, 21, 35, 60, and 90 days after surgery, a total of 184 rats, 24 formed the control group and 80 formed the cerebral hypoperfusion subgroup with 80 animals undergoing short-term swimming daily starting on day 7 of the experiment.Results. We revealed the earlier changes in HCA animals (8th day of the experiment) induced by cerebral hypoperfusion accompanied by a more intense nNOS-positive neurons density reduction to 47 % of control values, the length of their processes, and an increase in pericarion area. In LCA the decrease of density was only 75 % of control values and pericarion area does not differ from control values. At later periods on the 60 and 90 days of the experiment LCA demonstrates the preservation of the neurons density and greater length of their processes (67 % of the control subgroup values).Conclusion. HCA is a risk factor for damage of nNOS-positive neurons in cerebral hypoperfusion. Physical exercise more effectively decreases nNOS expression in animals with HCA, which may be one of the sanogenetic mechanisms of this factor.

The aim of the study was to evaluate the morphological features of nNOS-positive (nNOS-IR) neurons in the dorsolateral cortex of the frontal lobe of the cerebral hemispheres in albino rats during 180 days of postnatal development.Material and methods. The study was performed on 40 outbred white Wistar rats of different ages, from 1 to 180 days. The object of the study was an area of the right cerebral hemisphere on the dorsolateral surface near the frontal pole (neocortex). On paraffin serial sections of the frontal lobe, an immunohistochemical reaction was performed with antibodies to nNOS and a detection system with horseradish peroxidase. Neuronal morphometry was performed by microphotographs using the ImageJ-Fiji (NIH) 1.51h program, measuring the sectional area of the neuron body, the area of the nucleus, the nuclear-cytoplasmic ratio, and the intensity of the reaction.The significance of differences was assessed by paired Student's t-test.Results. It was found that in mature rats in the frontal lobe cortex nNOS-IR was detected in large multi-polar cells with high activity of the enzyme located in the supragranular layers, spindle-shaped cells with long positive processes at the border with the white matter (type 1), and two varieties of low-positive neurons – accumulations in the VI layer and single ones in other layers (type 2). Polymorphism of nNOS-IR neurons manifests from the birth, but it was possible to distinguish all subpopulations only from the 21st day. Each subpopulation is distinguished by its own age dynamics of the studied parameters and the nature of the distribution of positivity. In addition, in 3–7 day old rat pups, numerous small neurons at the border of the cortex and white matter have transient immunoreactivity.Conclusion. Thus, the division of nNOS-IR neurons into two morphological types proposed in the works of predecessors does not correspond to the number of subpopulations that could be described in the dorsolateral region of the prefrontal cortex in rats. This diversity of nNOS-IR neurons is consistent with the numerous functions described for nitric oxide. For an objective characterization of various classes of nNOS-IR cortical interneurons, it is necessary to use additional data obtained from transcriptomic, histological, electrophysiological, and functional experiments, taking into account species, topographic, and age features. Only an extended approach will make it possible to selectively influence different types of cells and reasonably interpret the results of experimental studies.

The aim of the study was to assess the dynamics of structural changes in the follicular apparatus and the hemomicrocirculatory bed of the thyroid gland in rats with cerebral hypoperfusion in rats with different levels of learning ability under prolonged exposure to physical exertion. Materials and methods: using classical histological stains, the state of the follicular and interfollicular epithelium, as well as perifollicular hemocapillaries in Wistar rats after bilateral ligation of the common carotid arteries was investigated, separately for animals with high and low test rates in the Morris water maze. The thyroid gland was studied 1, 6, 8, 8, 14, 28, 35, 60 and 90 days after surgery (comparison group), as well as when it was combined with 15 minutes of physical activity (experimental group). Results and discussion: changes in isolated cerebral hypoperfusion are characterized by periodicity - when a short-term increase in organ activity is replaced by its decrease. Also, results were obtained on a greater amplitude of changes in the studied parameters and a later growth of signs of organ activity in a subgroup with a high level of cognitive abilities. A single physical activity leads to a greater increase in the activity of the thyroid gland during cerebral hypoperfusion, which may have a positive value, based on the ability of its hormones to stimulate the neuroprotective mechanisms of astrocytes and shift the vector of differentiation of progenitor cells towards neurons. Conclusions: physical activity against the background of cerebral hypoperfusion leads to a restart of the adaptive-compensatory syndrome, which, in turn, is accompanied by an increase in the activity of the thyroid epithelium in the subgroup with a high level of cognitive abilities after 3 weeks, associated with a decrease in mortality.

Nucleophilic substitution of bromine in 4-bromophthalonitrile gave anthraquinone-substituted nitriles, sodium 2-{[4-(3,4-dicyanophenoxy)-9,10-dioxo-9,10-dihydroanthracen-1-yl]amino}-5-methylbenzenesulfonate and 4-[(2-hydroxy-9,10-dioxo-9,10-dihydroanthracen-1-yl)oxy]phthalonitrile, which were used to obtain the corresponding cobalt phthalocyanines by the nitrile method.

Metal complexes (metal: ligand = 1 : 1) have been obtained via the reaction of 4-R-5-nitrophthalonitriles with erbium and lutetium acetates and chlorides. 1 : 2 heteroleptic complexes have been synthesized based on them, containing unsubstituted and octasubstituted phthalocyanine ligands at the metal atom. The products have been characterized by a set of physico-chemical methods.

The aim of the study was to investigate changes of neuroblasts’ numeral destiny in rats’ olfactory bulb and rostral migratory stream after neurotoxic action in infant age.Material and methods. The distribution of DCX, a marker of immature neurons, was studied to reveal the dynamics of its expression in the evolutionary period of ontogenesis in olfactory bulbs and rostral migratory stream in 30, 60, 90, and 180-day-old rats. Modeling of neurotoxic effects was carried out by three times injections of capsaicin on the 30–32 day of life in a total dose of 120 mg/kg. The material for the study was sampled on the 15-, 30- and 60th days of the experiment. The marker was detected on parasagittal paraffin sections, taking into account the layers of the olfactory bulb. The numerical density of DCX+ neurons (pcs/mm2) and their part in the total number of cells were determined.Results. The standard age indicators of the numerical density of immature neurons and their share in the cell population, as well as similar indicators for two months after toxic effects, were established. The administration of toxic doses of capsaicin causes a massive death of mature neurons. Compensatory reaction manifested by activation of neurogenesis in the brain stem niches and an increase in the numerical density neuroblasts in the rostral stream.Conclusions. Activation of neurogenesis during neurodegeneration causes an increase in the number of DCX + neuronal progenitors in the olfactory bulb after 30 days after exposure and maintaining high levels until the end of observation.

Introduction. Modern trends in the development of education and society as a whole not only strengthen the role of modern universities in transformation of the social sphere, but also require a new approach to developing skills and over-professional competencies of university students, especially students of social and humanitarian specialties, who will live in conditions of a new technological paradigm. In this connection, classical universities have a special role because social and cultural development of society is their original mission. Therefore, development of social and entrepreneurial competence of students is an urgent educational task of modern classical universities. Education of social entrepreneurs is one of the relevant educational tasks which solution enables to provide additional resources for growth of welfare of fellow citizens. The work of social entrepreneurs is directed to the creative solution of social problems of the region, the help to its residents and positive changes in local society. The aim of the article is to demonstrate the experience of approbation of the educational technology for developing social and entrepreneurial competence of students in a classical university. Methodology and research methods. The methodological basis of the work is based on system-activity and competence approaches. The authors have used such methods as analysis of scientific literature; analysis of documents; desktop research; interviewing and questioning of participants in the educational process; educational experiment; reflection and generalisation of practical experience of implementing a program of accelerating business projects in a classical university (case study). Results and scientific novelty. The new approach to the development of social and entrepreneurial competence of students is proposed by the authors; that approach is based on the introduction of “Social Accelerator” technology into educational practice of higher education institutions. The technology structure is described; as obligatory components, the structure includes: short-term (several months long) program of training of the beginning entrepreneurs; mentor maintenance of students’ start-ups promotion; creation of conditions to present students’ project products to the public. The summary of the “Social Accelerator” functioning cycle is given. The results of its approbation carried out from 2015 to 2017 on the platform of the Park of Social and Humanitarian Technologies of the Tomsk State University are presented. The analysis of students’ responses proved emergence of a sustained interest to social and reformative activity and desire to continue training in the chosen direction at city, regional, all-Russian and international schools and programs. Practical significance . The “Social Accelerator” technology proposed by the authors is the innovative effective instrument of generation of a new wave of entrepreneurs; the technology can be used for students’ education at classical universities. The technology allows to: timely distinguish the persons who are capable of business activity; make active their initiative; provide timely assistance in development of enterprise tendencies and obtaining necessary knowledge.

Microsatellite markers Rt6, BMS1788, Rt 30, Rt1, Rt9, FCB193, Rt7, BMS745, C 143, Rt24, OheQ, C217, C32, NVHRT16, T40, C276 were used to study the genetic profile of the Even breed of deer cultivated in Yakutia. It was found that microsatellite markers in Even deer have a wide range of alleles. The total number of identified alleles reached 120 and varied depending on the locus from 3 (C32; C143) to 14 (BMS2088). The Chukchi deer breed is characterized by a high level of heterozygosity of microsatellite loci, the observed level of heterozygosity on average for all studied loci is 0.702. On average, 7.5 alleles (Na) were detected per locus, and the average number of effective alleles (Ne) was 3.9. The fixation index indicator has an average negative value of -0.024.

as a result of the research, medical-biological and technological requirements for the composition, nutritional value and safety of products based on raw materials produced through domestic reindeer husbandry are formulated. The technological scheme of the production has been developed. Using the results of the research, technical documentation for production was developed, and prototypes were obtained.

The article justifies the need to subsidize reindeer husbandry of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia). Statistical correlation and regression analysis of income and costs of reindeer husbandry was carried out, priorities were identified for areas that are more in need of state support, and financial indicators of areas without subsidies have been evaluated. The necessity for agricultural reform is highlighted, where measures aimed at reviving genuine cooperative forms and principles between economic entities should play an important role, since the formation of market relations calls for the development of cooperation, which historically and logically accompanies the formation of real monetary relations.

The aim of the article is to show the possibilities of formation of new approaches to the development of additional interdisciplinary competencies of university youth in modern conditions. Methods. The methods involve such theoretical methods as analysis of scientific literature and documents, generalization of empirical data. Results and scientific novelty. The article includes experience of many years in the sphere of development of students’ additional interdisciplinary competencies of the National Research Tomsk State University (TSU). The authors present cases of two TSU structural subdivisions: Center for Social and Professional Volunteering and Park of Social and Humanitarian Technologies. The effective educational technologies proposed by the authors are analysed. Transition from the theoretical (knowledge) training of students to practically-oriented training is an actual trend today. A graduate of a modern university should have a broad vision, communication skills, desire for cooperation, self-development, creative application of gained knowledge and lifelong learning, in other words –the development of students’ additional interdisciplinary competencies. In this regard, the role of students’ extracurricular practical work in a university is increasing. This work requires organizational and educational support. The article gives description and analysis of effective educational forms of technologies for development of students’ additional interdisciplinary competencies within their extracurricular activities in the mentioned above structural units of the university. Practical significance. Higher educational establishments can use presented materials for improvement of an educational process.

The efficacy and safety of laktagel in the treatment of bacterial vaginosis was studied. Two components proved more effective in treatments based on the use of metronidazole and ornidazole with lactic acid, compared with the monotherapy group of 5-nitroimidazole. The combined use of local ornidazole and lactic acid is a safe method to achieve high efficiency and reduce the frequency of relapses in the separated BV period. BV complex therapy and examination algorithm in patients of various age is presented.

Complexes of the metal : ligand = 1 : 1 composition have been obtained via reactions of tetraphenylporphyrazine with erbium and ytterbium acetates. Based on them, heteroleptic complexes of the 1 : 2 composition containing phthalocyanine and tetraphenylporphyrazine ligands have been prepared.

The dependence of the coefficient of heat transfer from the heat-exchange surface to a rheologically unstable organic mixture on the thermohydrodynamic state of the mixture and its prehistory has been established. A method for multivariant investigation of the process of heat transfer in compound organic mixtures has been proposed; this method makes it possible to evaluate the character and peculiarities of change in the rheological structure of the mixture as functions of the thermohydrodynamic conditions of its treatment. The possibility of evaluating the intensity of heat transfer in a biotechnological system for production of energy carriers at the step of its designing by multivariant investigation of the heat-transfer intensity in rheologically unstable organic mixtures with account of their prehistory has been shown.

The article provides a brief literature review of the definitions "sphincters of digestive system.” The authors discuss various morphological data of gastrointestinal sphincters in connection of structure, function and organization of their innervation. The article presents data of different authors about terminology, classifications and innervation of the sphincter apparatus of the gastro-intestinal tract. Particular attention is paid to the role of their own pacemaker interstitial cells of Cajal (the organizers of peristalsis).

An experience of development and implementation of electrohydraulic control systems with the application of microprocessor systems is considered by the example of a K-1000-60/3000 turbine of plants nos. 3 and 4 of the Kalininskaya nuclear power plant (NPP). The long-term operation of the electrohydraulic control system on power generation unit no. 3 of the Kalininskaya NPP, which encloses the electronic part of the control system (EPCS), confirmed wide possibilities of the system. Modern requirements to the power control of power generating units were a basis for the development of the control system with the extended functions of the microprocessor part and with the individual control of control valves with the use of a hydroelectric drive. The system was developed and implemented on the K-1000-60/3000 turbine of plant no. 4. Test results for power generating unit no. 4 allowed one to make a decision of putting into commercial operation of the mode of the total primary control of frequency (TPCF). For the first time, the possibility of the operation of the power generating unit of the NPP with the water-moderated water-cooled power reactor (WWPR) was tested and proved in the mode of the normalized primary control of frequency (NPCF) with the power errors up to ±2% of nominal without the displacement of control rods of the reactor only due to the use of the self-control effect of the reactor plant.

The extra-ligand complexes obtained in the reaction of tetra-4-[6′,8′-di(N,N-diethylsulfamoyl)-2′-naphtyloxy]phthalocyanine with erbium or ytterbium acetylacetonates were characterized by elemental analysis, IR and electronic spectroscopy.

Optical spectroscopy, dynamic light scattering, electrophoresis, and transmission electron microscopy are used to study the action of ozone on the stability of a gold hydrosol produced by the citrate method. It is shown that gold nanoparticles are not oxidized, even upon long-term ozonation. At short times of ozonation, changes that occur in the state of the sol are reversible. Nevertheless, even at this stage, organic ligands, which stabilize the hydrosol, are oxidized, while adsorbed ozone molecules can play the role of a stabilizer. At long ozonation times, when the oxidation of organic substances present in the system is actually completed, the colloidal solution loses its aggregation stability.

An analysis of the electronic optical properties and solubility in chloroform and DMF of the erbium and ytterbium complexes with porphyrazine and its octaphenyl- and octa(p-alkylsulfamoylphenyl)-substituted derivatives and tetrapyrazinoporphyrazine and its octaethyl-, tetra(tert-butyl)-, and octaphenyl-substituted derivatives is presented. The dependence of the electronic optical properties and solubility on the composition of the macrocycle of the studied complexes, namely, on the nature of the extraligand and peripheral environment of the porphyrazine macrocycle, is shown.

The analytical equations for the current-phase relation (CPR) coefficients for Josephson junctions with a ferromagnetic interlayer in the model where the scattering from s- to d-band is considered to be the main type scattering of charge carrier in a ferromagnet are obtained. It is shown that the magnitude of the coefficients oscillates and decays with an increase of the interlayer thickness. Both the oscillation period and the decay length for the first and the second harmonics differ by two times. The temperature dependence of the critical current demonstrating 0-π temperature transitions is obtained. The possibility of design a flux qubit based on such Josephson junctions is demonstrated.

The reaction of alkylsulfamoyl-substituted octaphenyltetraazaporphyrin with tris(acetylacetonato)lutetium(III) tris(acetylacetonato)ytterbium(III) gave the corresponding coordination compounds which were characterized by elemental compositions and IR and electronic absorption spectra.

The aim of the present work was to evaluate the possibility of assessing the state of peripheral nerves in terms of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity. A modified method was used for detection of AChE activity on sections of peripheral nerves (priority file No. 2013157128, December 23, 2013) in rats, and these experiments showed that reaction intensity depended on the state of the fiber. Enzyme activity decreased in atrophic processes, while fiber growth was associated with a sharp increase in activity. Nerve state could be evaluated within 1–2 hours using AChE reaction intensity as a criterion; this may be useful during reconstructive surgery (intraoperatively).

In the article the urgency of research in the field of increase of efficiency of innovative processes, discussed their importance in shaping the international competitiveness of enterprises, the state designated the role of innovation policy in the development of the national economy.

The locations and morphometric characteristics of NADPH-diaphorase (NADPH-d)-positive neurons were identified in the cranial cervical (CCG), stellate (SG), and celiac (CG) ganglia in neonatal rats, mice, and cats and animals aged 10, 20, 30, 60, and 180 days. No NADPH-d-positive neurons were found in rats and mice in any of the age groups studied. In kittens, the majority of NADPH-d-positive neurons were located in the SG, with fewer in the CCG and only occasional neurons in the CG, regardless of age. The proportion of NADPH-d-positive neurons in the SG increased during the first 20 days of life and decreased after 30 days, to the end of the second month of life. The proportion of NADPH-d-reactive neurons in the CCG and CG did not change during ontogenesis. The mean sizes of NADPH-d-positive neurons in different ganglia in animals of the same age were not significantly different. These data lead to the conclusion that the development of NADPH-d-positive neurons with age occurs heterochronously and is complete by the end of the second month of life.