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The study is devoted to the problem of comparing attitudes towards global risks among students of different mentality (religious and secular). It was assumed that this attitude varies in a number of components and forms links with identity and tolerance for uncertainty. Respondents: students of an Orthodox university (58 people at the age of 17—29 years old, of which 52% are girls, 48% are boys) and students of a secular university (69 people at the age of 16—31 years old, of whom 71% are girls, 29% are young men). The study used a questionnaire method using the techniques: “Attitude to global risks”, “Tolerance to uncertainty”, “Social identity”. Data was processed in the SPSS 20.0 program. The hypothesis was partially confirmed. Religious authoritarianism as a strategy to prevent global risks by returning to traditional values and controlling citizens is higher for Orthodox students. For secular students, it is more typical to see threats from a fatalistic point of view and to believe in the possibility of preventing global disasters by maintaining a balance of power, cooperation and compromises. Significant relationships of risk attitudes with tolerance to uncertainty and identity are found.

The article contains regression mathematical models that describe the effect of mechanical and automatic microclimate control systems on the growth and development of Arbor Acres broiler chickens in Sayan broiler agro-industrial complex in conditions of on-ground keeping. The following microclimate parameters are considered: temperature, humidity, illumination. Cramer-Welch, Wilcoxon criteria are used to test the statistical hypothesis of homogeneity of the two considered samples. The Chow test is taken on the possibility of constructing two different mathematical models of the same type that describe the patterns of development of simulated indicators. Statistical estimates of the significance of the constructed models and factors included in the models are calculated. The Fisher criterion is checked to see the differences in the constructed models and choose a more acceptable one to describe the effect of the microclimate on the production of young birds. The results of regression analysis are interpreted in relation to the subject area under study. Graphical visualization of analysis of initial and output data of built models is performed. Factors are ranked by degree of their effect on the resulting index using elasticity coefficients and share of their influence. The main production indicators are calculated according to the results of population cultivation - average daily growth, absolute growth, relative growth rate, liveability. The article calculates the economic effect in one complete cycle of broiler chickens growing.

A variant of the embedding technique proposed earlier by the second author is suggested in which the sets to be embedded are support cones. Replacing the cones by simplices gives a modification with a polynomial convergence rate.

Chebyshev points of bounded convex sets, search algorithms for them, and various applications to convex programming are considered for simple approximations of reachable sets, optimal control, global optimization of additive functions on convex polyhedra, and integer programming. The problem of searching for Chebyshev points in multicriteria models of development and operation of electric power systems is considered.

Many mathematical problems are naturally associated with the family of the so-called inverse problems. Usually a pair of problems is called mutually inverse, if the definition of one of them contains a solution (or a part of a solution) to the other one. This approach is (in a sense) arbitrary, because it does not indicate which problem is direct and which one is inverse. The most investigated problem is more often considered as direct. Let us adduce an example of a pair of such problems. Let a matrixA of dimensionsm× n and vectors c ∈ En, b ∈ Em be given; it is required to find a vector x∗ ∈ Argmin{cx : x ∈ R}, (1) R = {x : Ax ≤ b, x ≥ 0}, (2)

The valence state of copper ions and the phase composition of copper monoxide CuO subjected to bombardment by He+ ions and explosive shock waves are studied by the methods of x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and x-ray emission spectroscopy (XES). Measurements of photoelectron Cu 2p and emission O K α spectra revealed a decrease in the concentration of Cu2+ ions and partial reduction of CuO to Cu2O as a result of both ion bombardment and shock-wave loading. The concentration of the Cu2O phase attained values of 10–15%. The Cu2O phase is revealed by the XPS and XES methods even at concentrations lower than its threshold concentration for detection by x-ray diffraction measurements. This points to the effectiveness of XPS and XES techniques in studying nanocrystalline materials and defect structures containing finely dispersed inclusions. A model for the emergence of Cu2O due to the formation of charged clusters under the action of stress waves is proposed.

The paper presents the results of a study of radiation energy storage, radiation effects, and radiation induced changes of optical properties in crystals KH2PO4 (KDP), (NH4)H2PO4 (ADP), and crystals KDP doped with either deuterium (KDP : D) or Cr (KDP : Cr). Both the X-rays and H + (0.71 MeV ), He + (4.6 and 27 MeV ), N + (16 MeV ) ion beams were used for irradiation of the crystals studied. Optical absorption spectra of KDP were measured after irradiation with various H+ ion beam doses, and accumulation of the radiation-induced defects was estimated. Considerations of the radiation effects in these crystals under irradiation with the ion beams were made taking into account the results of Monte Carlo simulations using the TRIM computer codes. Using the experimental and theoretical results the paper discusses the similarities and differences of these crystals with respect to radiation hardness and the processes of radiation energy storage.

Long-range reduction of CuO to Cu2O and Cu was observed by irradiating polycrystals and different planes of CuO single crystals ((110) and (020)) with 16-MeV nitrogen ions with fluence 1017 cm−2. The infrared absorption spectra show an increase in the number of hole [CuO4]5− and electronic [CuO4]7− centers. The highest density of electronic centers and reduction occur near the surfaces of the samples.

Irradiation of various single-crystal CuO faces [ac,bc,(110)] with 4.6-MeV He+ ions has been found to result in reduction of CuO to Cu2O and Cu on the irradiated and unirradiated sides, lifting of forbiddenness from optical transitions in the [CuO4]7− electron center in the 0.7–0.95-eV energy range, a change in dichroism near the bands corresponding to transitions in the hole centers, [CuO4]5−, and electron centers, [CuO4]7−, as well as in a resonant increase of absorption at 0.95–1.30 eV with an unusual polarization dependence. The results of He+ irradiation of CuO single crystals are discussed in terms of a model of the nucleation of the phase of polar (electron and hole) centers in copper-oxygen systems.

Computer simulation and interpretation of field ion microscopy images of ion irradiated platinum are discussed. Field ion microscopy technique provides direct precise atomic scale investigation of crystal lattice defects of atomically pure surface of material; at the same time it allows to analyze the structural defects in volume by controlled and sequential removal of surface atoms by electric field. Defects identification includes the following steps: at the first stage the type of crystalline structure and spatial orientation of crystallographic directions were determined. Thus, we obtain the data about exact position of all atoms of the given volume, i.e. the model image of an ideal crystal. At the second stage, the ion image was processed used the program to obtain the data about real arrangement of atoms of the investigated sample. At the third stage the program compares these two data sets, with a split-hair accuracy revealing a site of all defects in a material. Results of the quantitative analysis show that shape of nanopores are spherical or cylindrical, diameter on nanopores was varied from 1 to 5 run, their depth was fond to be from 1 to 9 nm. It was observed that nearly 40% of nanopores are concentrated in the subsurface layer 10 nm thick, the concentration of nanopores decreased linearly with the distance from the irradiated surface.

The results from studying the nanostructural states formed upon ion irradiation in subsurface volumes of pure metals (Pt) are presented. The formation of a nanocrystalline structure with block sizes of 1-5 nm are observed at a distance of no less than 20 nm from the irradiated surface. It is shown that block boundaries have low-angle misorientations of less than 6° ± 2°. © 2012 Allerton Press, Inc.

A dynamic-logical system described by a collection of systems of linear differential equations is considered. The dependence of the terminal deviations of the solutions on the initial deviations is calculated. The analysis is performed in the Lyapunov function framework. Bounds on the terminal perturbations are obtained.