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This paper proposes a smart application for College Bus Tracking System, which runs on Android smart phone. This enables students to find out the location of the bus so that they will not get late or will not arrive at the stop too early. The main purpose of this application is to provide exact location of the student’s respective buses and providing information like bus details etc. This application may be widely used by the college students since Android smart phones have become common and affordable for all. It is a real time system as the current location of the bus is updated every moment in the form of latitude and longitude, which is received by the students

The heed on natural medications and their usage have been expanding quickly as of late, even in regions where present day medication is accessible. Plant derived substances and herbal drugs ,recently attracted great interest towards their unique & vast applications. As medicinal herbs, have bioactive compounds in abundance & can be utilized in conventional and current medication. There has been an increasing demand for plant based medicines, health products, pharmaceuticals, food supplements. The Objective of this Study is to enlighten the various immune enhancing properties of ginseng & to deliver these immune strengthening properties of ginseng it has been formulated into a syrup dosage form. Formulation of syrup was designed by utilizing extracts of Panax Ginseng, Sucrose, Benzoin & required quantity of Distilled water. The prepared herbal syrup was evaluated for different physicochemical parameters like pH, color, odour, taste, density, specific gravity, viscosity and stability. A review of Panax ginseng chemical constituents present in various parts of Panax ginseng is given in the present article. This may be useful in discovering potential therapeutic effects & developing new formulations.

The objective of the work was to develop the co-crystal formulation of mesalamine with glutamine. It was done to enhance dissolution rate, solubility and physicochemical properties to be used in pharmaceutical composition (tablet) for colon targeting. Co-crystal preparation was carried out by liquid assisted grinding method using glutamine as a co-crystal former (1:1 stoichiometric ratio) and acetonitrile as a solvent giving maximum solubility and dissolution rate. The formation of the co-crystals was confirmed by Fourier Transform – Infra Red spectrometry, Differential Scanning Calorimetry and Powder X-Ray Diffraction. Pre-compression studies included measure-ment of bulk density, tapped density, angle of repose, Hausner’s ratio and compressibility index. The tablets were prepared by direct compression. Post compression parameters for uncoated tablets included hardness, size and thickness, friability and weight variation. Enteric-coated tablets were prepared by dip-coating process using Eudragit RSPO, Triethyl citrate and isopropyl alcohol mixture as coating solution. The coated tablets were further evaluated for disintegration and dissolution testing. All the results were found to be under specified limits. Finally, co-crystal tablets were compared with marketed formulation. In vitro dissolution rate of optimized mesalamine co-crystal tablet was comparatively higher than marketed formulation, which reflects improvement in solubility. Glutamine has good anti-inflammatory property. Formulation with glutamine as co-crystal added more efficacies to mesalamine for treatment in colon related inflammatory diseases. It was concluded that stable co-crystals of mesalamine -glutamine having better anti-inflammatory property, increased solubility and improved in vitro dissolution of mesalamine can be successfully prepared.

Living in smart world where every entity is connected requires collaboration of different research communities. The interaction among these communities like IOT, PC, MC, WSN and CPS will speed the progress towards building a smart world which includes smart cities, smart cars and smart homes. Building a smart world requires solution towards this collaboration, like communication among heterogeneous entities which pose challenges like architecture, data fusion, security and identifying useful information. Research in this area is open with endless issues in hand. Generalization of the common data format is required. In this paper challenges and issues of integration of WSN and IOT would be addressed with Fault tolerant approach proposed. General Terms Emerging Technology.

Recruitment is the one of the major tasks for the human resource department of any organization. At present, human resource management recruits employees using a manual procedure. This manual procedure means that employees must attend interviews and this is time consuming for the organization as well as for the candidates who attend interviews. To overcome this limitation, several e-recruitment tools are available. In this paper we analyze these e-recruitment tools along with potential fraud detection tools. We also look at the advantages and disadvantages of e-recruitment.

The purpose of present research was to formulate and evaluate oro dispersible tablets (ODTs) of fosinopril sodium (FS). It has been developed at 20 mg dose and was prepared using different types of superdisintegrants such as (sodium starch glycolate, Ac-Di-Sol, crospovidone (CP), different types of subliming agents such as ammonium bicarbonate (AB) and camphor at different concentrations by direct compression method. The formulations were evaluated for uniformity of weight, content, hardness, friability, wetting time, in vitro dispersion time and dissolution rate. All formulations showed satisfactory mechanical strength, uniform weight, uniform drug content, and lesser wetting time and dispersion time. All the formulations showed more than 90% of drug release within 15 minutes. Among 10 formulations, formulation A5 (consisting of 2 % CP) and F4 (consisting of 15 % AB) were found to yield best results in terms of wetting time, in vitro dispersion time and dissolution rate.Dhaka Univ. J. Pharm. Sci. 14(1): 11-16, 2015 (June)

Lowering of blood glucose level in patients can be achieved by insulin therapy as it plays a key role in the control of hyperglycaemia for type 1 diabetes. Insulin delivery systems that are currently available include syringes, infusion pumps, jet injectors and pens. The tedious part for the type 1 diabetes patients is to tolerate needle after needle injections while undergoing treatment for both glucose measurement and to deliver insulin. A rigorous research effort has been undertaken worldwide to replace the authentic subcutaneous route by a more accurate and non-invasive route. The newer methods explored include the artificial pancreas with closed-loop system, transdermal insulin, and buccal, oral, pulmonary, nasal, ocular and rectal routes. The future trends include use of insulin inhalers, trandermal patches, pills, pumps etc. Some of the non-invasive delivery systems include polymeric hydrogels and insulin loaded bioadhesive poly (D,L-lactide-co-glycolide) nanoparticles for oral delivery, aerosolized liposomes with dipalmitoyl phosphatidylcholine for pulmonary delivery, β cyclodextrins for nasal delivery, microneedle arrays fabricated from hyaluronic acid and iontophoresis for trandermal delivery, chitosan-zinc-insulin complex for the controlled delivery of insulin.

Earlier When the bug is detected(Manually or with the help of testing tools) it is corrected manually, as it is time consuming process therefore automatic debugging techniques have been introduced, which have tremendous value in the software development. Towards this step we experimented with our theoretical knowledge in automated debugging. We proposed a new idea for "Ranking the fixes of the bugs". When we are using some fix schemas for fixation of the bugs, selecting suitable fix for the detected bug is very important, so in order to select the suitable fix we are ranking the fixes depending on the some parameters like reliability, time, cost, priority.

The aim of this investigation was to develop and validate a dissolution method for combination of ibuprofen and paracetamol tablets using UV spectrophotometric method. The analytical method was developed by UV spectrophotometry using absorbance ratio method which involves the measurement of absorbance at two wavelengths 243 nm as the λmax of ibuprofen and 213.8 as isoabsorbtive point. The method was validated according to ICH guidelines which include accuracy, precision, specificity, linearity and analytical range. In addition, stability and solubility of both the drugs in different media i.e., water and phosphate buffer of different pH were studied. Based on this, the established dissolution conditions were 900 ml of 0. 2 M phosphate buffer pH 7.2 as dissolution medium at 37±0.5 °C, using USP apparatus II at a stirring rate of 75 rpm for 1 hr. The corresponding dissolution profiles were constructed and all the selected brands showed more than 80% drug release within 45 minutes. Thus, the proposed dissolution method and analytical method can be applied successfully for the Quality control of ibuprofen and paracetamol in marketed tablets.

A dissolution method was developed and validated for evaluation of the dissolution behavior of capsule dosage form of tramadol hydrochloride as there was no official method available. The UV spectrophotometric method developed was based on the direct estimation method using 271 nm as λmax of tramadol hydrochloride. The method was validated according to International Conference on Harmonisation (ICH) guidelines which include accuracy, precision, specificity, linearity, and analytical range. In addition, solubility and stability of the drug in dissolution medium i.e., 0.1 N HCl was studied. The established dissolution conditions were 900 mL dissolution medium at temperature 37 ± 0.5°C, using USP apparatus I at stirring rate of 100 rpm for 30 min. The corresponding dissolution profiles were constructed and all the selected brands showed more than 80% drug release with in 30 min. Thus, the proposed dissolution method can be applied successfully for the quality control of tramadol hydrochloride capsules.

Purpose : The aim of the research is to develop Nevirapine tablets by direct compression method by improving solubility using solid dispersion technique. Methodology : Nevirapine is anti-viral drug, which is used in the prevention and treatment of HIV infections. It belongs to class II drug in Bio-Pharmaceutical Classification System i.e. low solubility and high permeability. It has a biological half-life of 45 hours. One of the major problems with this drug is its low solubility in biological fluids, which results into poor bioavailability after oral administration. Here, solid dispersions of Nevirapine are prepared with different carriers such as Plasdone S-630 and Soluplus in order to increase its solubility and dissolution rate. By increasing the solubility of Nevirapine, its bioavailability can be increased. Pre-formulation studies regarding the drug-carrier interaction was carried out by fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and differential scanning calorimetry. Nevirapine solid dispersions were evaluated for solubility, drug content estimation and in vitro dissolution studies. Powder blend was evaluated for bulk density, tapped density, Carr's index, Hausner's ratio and angle of repose. Findings : The dissolution pattern of the Nevirapine from all the standard dispersions followed predominantly first order kinetics. The study reflects the vital role of polymers as a novel approach to improve the solubility of nevirapine, which could minimize the variable dissolution rate with increase in bioavailability. With the studies conducted, the percentage drug release of Nevirapine was increased by melting method with Nevirapine: Plasdone S630 in the ratio of 1:2. Practical implications : Nevirapine is a suitable drug to formulate into tablet by using the above mentioned carriers and may provide a better therapeutic profile than that of conventional dosage form.

Among the branches of common peroneal nerve, the superficial peroneal provides cutaneous innervation to major part of the dorsum of the foot and deep peroneal nerve supplies the skin over the first interdigital cleft region. The present rare case was observed during routine dissection of leg for undergraduate students, in a 52-year-old male, formalin fixed cadaver. The superficial peroneal nerve provided solely motor branches to peroneus longus and brevis, whereas cutaneous branches were provided by deep peroneal nerve. In the lower one-third of the leg deep peroneal nerve divided into medial and lateral branches. The medial branch supplied tibialis anterior and the lateral branch supplied skin of medial three and half toes. Moreover, the sural nerve supplied the skin of lateral one and a half toes. Awareness of this type of variations in the course of nerves helps to alert the surgeons when there are complaints of atypical or unique pain in that particular region.

Purpose of the study : The aim of the study was to evaluate medication errors in the Acute Multi Care Unit in a tertiary care hospital. The study aims to promote safety in medication use and ensure quality in the healthcare service. The study objective was to detect and categorize medication errors, to ensure rational drug use in the hospital, to make recommendations for doctors, nurses, and patients to promote safe use of medications. Design and Methodology : The study was conducted in 152 inpatients in the Acute Multi Care Unit in a tertiary care hospital located in Hyderabad. It is a prospective observational study carried over a period of 8 months. Data was collected using a data collection form which included patient details, drug details, and criteria for identifying errors, its categorization, and the details of drugs involved in errors. Complete details of patients and medications were recorded through a review of nursing charts, patient's admission chart, patient's history sheet and doctor's order sheet. Collected details were then evaluated to detect the prescribing, administration, omission error, dose error and poly pharmacy. Results : The study was conducted in 152 patients, where total number of prescriptions with error is 28. The percentage distribution of prescriptions with error (18%) and without error (82%) was also calculated. Among which prescribing errors (50%) were the most frequently occurring types of errors, which was followed by omission errors (18%), administration error (18%) and dose error (14%). Error prescriptions belonging to male patients were (60.7%) while for females it was (39.3%). And a total of 26 Poly pharmacy prescriptions were also reported among which (69%) belongs to male and (31%) belongs to female. Conclusion : The professionals involved in the practice should be focused, alert and determined. The nursing staff also needs to be slightly more knowledgeable and focused. Since this is an observational study and there is no scope of any intervention which can modify outcome.

Background and the purpose of the study Lercanidipine hydrochloride (LRDP) is used in the treatment of hypertension because of its selectivity and specificity on the smooth vascular cells. The pharmacokinetic parameters make LRDP a suitable candidate for transdermal delivery. The purpose of the study was to select a suitable formulation for the development of transdermal drug-delivery system (TDDS) of LRDP and to determine the effect of penetration enhancer, limonene on drug permeation Methods The matrix type TDDS of LRDP were prepared by solvent evaporation technique. Formulations A1, A2, A3, A4, A5 and A6 were composed of Eudragit RL100 (ERL) and hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose (HPMC) in 1.5:8.5, 3:7, 4:6, 6:4, 7:3 and 8.5:1.5 ratios respectively. All the six formulations carried 10 mg of LRDP/patch area, 8% v/w of d-limonene as a penetration enhancer, 20% v/w of propylene glycol as plasticizer in methanol and dichloromethane as solvent system. The prepared TDDS were evaluated for physicochemical characteristics, in-vitro release, ex-vivo permeation and skin irritation. The ex-vivo permeation studies were carried out across excised rat skin using Franz diffusion cell. Results All the formulations exhibited satisfactory physicochemical characteristics. Cumulative percentage of the drug released in 24 hrs from the six formulations were 82.0%, 74.9%, 63.2%, 63.5%, 59.8% and 53.5% respectively. Corresponding values for the cumulative amounts of the drug permeated across the rat skin for the above matrix films were 2644.5, 2347.2, 2249.5, 1933.4, 2021.5 and 1663.4 µg/cm2 respectively. By fitting the data into zero order, first order and Higuchi model, it was concluded that drug release from matrix films followed Higuchi model and the mechanism of the drug release was diffusion mediated. The patches were seemingly free of potentially hazardous skin irritation. Conclusions The patches composed of ERL, HPMC (1.5:8.5) with 8% v/w limonene as penetration enhancer may be selected for the development of TDDS of LRDP for potential therapeutic use by using a suitable adhesive layer and backing membrane.

During the laboratory dissection of the fore arm, an accessory head of flexor pollicis longus muscle has been observed unilaterally in the right upper limb of a male cadaver. It took its origin from the under surface of flexor digitorum superficialis muscle just distal to the origin of this muscle from medial epicondyle. On further dissection we have noticed that, the accessory belly was running downwards to the medial aspect of the tendon of flexor pollicis longus muscle for its insertion. Its possible role in anterior interosseous syndrome is discussed in detail with a brief review