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A 7-year-old Chow Pei was referred to an animal hospital for the evaluation of a 1-month history of abdominal distension and exercise intolerance. A systolic murmur was auscultated over the tricuspid valve (TV). Thoracic radiographs showed cardiomegaly, right atrial enlargement, and pulmonary edema. Electrocardiography revealed small QRS complexes and a right-bundle brunch block. Echocardiography also showed right atrial enlargement and tricuspid insufficiency due to the presence of a mass on the posterior leaflet of the TV. The mass was excised by intracardiac surgery and histological evaluation revealed myxosarcoma. This is a case report of a diagnostic and therapeutic approach to myxosarcoma of the TV in a dog.

There is a dilemma about usage and selection of the antibiotics following pulmonary contusion. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate pulmonary infection risk in dogs with pulmonary contusion. In total, eleven dogs with pulmonary contusion included in the study. Diagnosis of the pulmonary contusion and its degrees were determined based on the clinical and radiological findings. Under general anesthesia, bronchoscopy and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) was applied on 0, 24 and 48(th) h and BAL samples were collected. Cytological examination, culture and antibiotic susceptibility analysis of the BAL samples were performed. Clinically, mild, moderate and severe degree pulmonary contusions were diagnosed, but radiological results pointed out severe degree of pulmonary contusion in all dogs. Bronchoscopy showed the hemoptysis in all dogs except one. Cytologically, all preparations had the inflammatory results at 0(th) hour and these were increased at 24 and 48(th) hours. Additionally, evidence of infection was determined in the cytological preparations of four dogs (case 1, 2, 5 and 8) taken at 0, 24 and 48(th) hours. These cytological results were compatible with microbiological results of case 1, 2, 5 and 8. Pasteurella multocida in case 1 and 2, and Escherichia coli in case 5 and 8 was cultured microorganism from the BAL samples, separately. While P. multocida was resistant to gentamicin, erythromycin and oxytetracycline; E. coli was resistant only sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim. In conclusion, it may be stated that pulmonary contusion triggers inflammation process, and if there is a pathogenic opportunistic flora in the lower respiratory tracts, the pulmonary infections might accompany with inflammation process. Thus, if it is able, antibiotic usage must be planned considering to the results of BAL culture and antibiogram tests. Pulmoner kontüzyon sonrası antibiyotik kullanımı ve seçimi hakkında bir çelişki vardır. Bu nedenle bu çalışma pulmoner kontüzyonlu köpeklerde pulmoner enfeksiyon riskinin değerlendirmesini amaçladı. Çalışmaya pulmoner kontüzyonlu 11 köpek dahil edildi. Pulmoner kontüzyon tanısı ve derecelendirilmesi klinik ve radyolojik bulgular temelinde belirlendi. Genel anestezi altında, 0, 24 ve 48. saatlerde köpeklerde bronkoskopi ve bronkoalveolar lavaj (BAL) uygulandı ve BAL numunesi alındı. BAL numunelerin sitolojik muayenesi, kültür ve antibiyotik duyarlılık analizleri yapıldı. Klinik olarak hafif, orta ve şiddetli derece pulmoner kontüzyon tanıları konuldu, ancak radyolojik bulgular tüm köpeklerde şiddetli derecede pulmoner kontüzyonu belirtti. Bronkoskopi, biri hariç tüm köpeklerde hemoptiziyi gösterdi. Sitolojik olarak, tüm preparatlar 0. saatte enflamasyon bulgularına sahipti ve bu bulgular 24 ve 48. saatlerde artıyordu. Ek olarak, enfeksiyon varlığı, dört köpeğin (olgu 1, 2, 5 ve 8) 0, 24 ve 48. saatlerde alınan sitoloji preparatlarında belirlendi. Bu sitolojik bulgular olgu 1, 2, 5 ve 8’in mikrobiyolojik bulguları ile uyumluydu. Sırasıyla, Pasteurella multocida olgu 1 ve 2’de, Escherichia coli olgu 5 ve 8’de BAL numunelerinden kültüre edilen mikroorganizmalardı. P. multocida gentamisin, eritromisin ve oksitetrasiklin’e dirençli iken, E. coli sadece sulfametoksazol/ trimetoprim’e dirençliydi. Sonuç olarak, pulmoner kontüzyononun yangısal süreci tetikleyebildiği ve eğer alt solunum yollarında patojenik fırsatçı bir flora var ise akciğerdeki yangısal sürece enfeksiyonun da eşlik edebileceği söylenebilir. Bu yüzden, antibiyotik kullanımı olanaklar elveriyor ise BAL kültür ve antibiyogram sonuçları göz önüne alınarak kurgulanmalıdır.

Utero-ovarian torsion in a bitch and subsequentfertility after unilateral ovariohysterectomy

True vaginocervical prolapse and vaginal cystocele are occasionally encountered diseases in which protrusion of the vagina, cervix and bladder occur in the parturient bitch. This case report describes a primigravid, two-year-old, female Dalmatian with vaginocervical prolapse, complicated by vaginal rupture and bladder evisceration, resulting in obstructive dystocia. At surgery three dead foetuses were retrieved by en bloc ovariohysterectomy. Cystopexy and resection of necrotic vaginocervical tissue were also performed. On the sixth day, the dog was re-presented with signs of acute septic peritonitis which was unresponsive to medical therapy and peritoneal lavage. To the best of authors' knowledge, this is the first reported case of true vaginocervical prolapse, cystocele and bladder evisceration during parturition in a young parturient bitch.

Objective To report a modified colostomy technique for permanent fecal diversion in calves with colonic atresia. Study Design Prospective study. Animals Calves (n=19) with colonic atresia. Methods Clinical findings, white blood cell counts, radiologic, ultrasonographic, and intraoperative findings were recorded. Calves were randomly divided into 2 groups: group 1 (n=9) had conventional colostomy and group 2 (n=10) had a modified colostomy. Technique efficacy was evaluated by postoperative observation, owner satisfaction, and calf survival. Results Fifteen (79%) calves were discharged from the hospital; 4 (21%) group 1 calves died within 24 hours after surgery. Two (40%) group 1 calves died 18 and 30 days after surgery and 5 (50%) group 2 calves died 2-60 days after surgery. Eight calves reached slaughter weight (120 +/- 10 kg); 5 group 2 calves grew normally but the 3 group 1 calves had lower weight gain. Owners of the calves with conventional colostomy reported that the evacuation of feces was continuous whereas owners of calves with the modified colostomy reported that feces were released through the stoma in intervals. Conclusion Modification of conventional colostomy by forming an hourglass shaped stoma lessens fecal incontinence but there was no difference in survival rate. Clinical Relevance Modified colostomy was considered advantageous because of intermittent fecal discharge from the stoma compared with continuous fecal release in conventional colostomy. The modified technique seemingly has a beneficial effect on growth of the calf.

The objective of this study was to assess the etiology, diagnosis, treatment methods, surgical findings, postoperative results and necropsy findings of seventeen cases of thoracic trauma by evaluating medical records. A car accident, falling down, stabbing and bites were identified as the causes of trauma. Diagnosed pathologies in the cases included pneumothorax, hemothorax, pulmonary contusion, lung lobe collapse or eventration, rib fractures, etc. The treatment methods employed in these cases were medical therapy, thoracocentesis, tube thoracostomy, lateral intercostal thoracotomy, median sternotomy and thoracic wall revisions. Atelectasis, rupture, laceration or contusion of the lung lobes, pulmonary artery rupture, rib fracture and etc. were the surgical findings. Overall, seven dogs and four cats recovered completely. Two dogs were euthanized due to other pathologies including multisegmental lumbar fracture, paraplegia and postpneumonectomy syndrome. Three dogs and a cat died during treatment management. The necropsies revealed that the animals had pulmonary artery and tracheobronchial ruptures. The cat also had sudden onset cardiac arrest during surgery. In conclusion, cases with thoracic trauma should be assessed closely and managed with the necessary emergency and surgical procedures.

Bu çalışmanın amacı keçilerde, deneysel oluşturulan septik artritisin (SA) farklı dönemlerinde klinik, radyolojik, ultrasonografik, artroskopik, mikrobiyolojik ve biyokimyasal bulguların değerlendirilmesi ve sağaltımda artroskopik lavaj (AL) sonrası parenteral (PR) ya da intraartiküler (İA) antibiyotik uygulanmasının etkinliğinin karşılaştırılmasıdır. Saanen ırkı, 12 adet keçinin karpal eklemlerine dönüşümlü olarak (önce sol, daha sonra sağ eklemlerine) 4 x 104 hücre/ml “Staphylococcus aureus” solüsyonu 3 ml enjekte edildi. SA gelişimi, dört ana grup altında ve her ana grupta yer alan 3 keçinin, sol ve sağ karpal eklemlerinde ayrı ayrı değerlendirildi. Bu ana gruplarda klinik, radyolojik, ultrasonografik ve artroskopik tanı ile sinovyal sıvının, mikrobiyolojik ve biyokimyasal analizleri yapıldı. Sağaltım tekniği yönünden ana grupları oluşturan üçer keçinin, sol (Gr.A) ve sağ (Gr.B) karpal eklemleri iki alt guruba ayrıldı. Gr.A’da (3 sol karpal eklem) AL sonrası 6 gün boyunca seftriakson sodyum i.m. uygulandı. SA gelişimiyle birlikte sağaltım sürecinin değerlendirilmesi, 3 aylık süreçte; ilk ay içinde birer hafta arayla, diğer aylarda 15’er gün aralarla eklemlerin klinik, radyolojik ve ultrasonografik muayeneleri ile mikrobiyolojik ve biyokimyasal analizler ile gerçekleştirildi. Gr.B’de (n=3 sağ karpal eklem) ise Gr.A’da uygulanan girişimler ve değerlendirmelerin sonuçlanması sonrasında SA oluşturuldu. AL yapılmasını takiben sadece bir kez İA seftriakson sodyum verildi. Alt grupların ilk muayenelerinde SA bulguları saptandı. Artroskopik muayenede purulent sinovyal sıvı, sinovyal membranın hiperemi ve hiperplazisi, fibrin oluşumları, kıkırdak defektleri gibi bulgular saptandı. Mikrobiyolojik olarak sadece GR1 ve GR2’de ilk kontrol günlerinde etken identifiye edildi. Biyokimyasal analizlerde sinovyal sıvının, total protein ve globülin düzeylerinin artmış olduğu saptandı. Sonuç olarak, SA deneysel oluşturulması sonrasında artroskopinin tanıdaki etkinliği, sinovyal sıvı biyokimyası ve mikrobiyolojik analizlerin tanı ve takipte yararlılığı yadsınamaz. Sağaltımda kullanılan AL sonrası PR ve İA olarak antibiyotik uygulanmasının elde edilen bulgular dikkate alındığında birbirine üstünlüğü olmadığı vurgulanabilir. The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical, radiological, ultrasonographical, arthroscopic, microbiological and biochemical results of different stages of experimentally induced septic arthritis (SA) in goats and to compare the efficacy of parenteral (PR) and intraarticular (IA) antibiotic application in the treatment after arthroscopic lavage (AL). A 3 ml of suspension containing 4 x 104 cells / ml "Staphylococcus aureus" was injected periodically in the carpal joints of 12 Saanen goats (n=12) (firstly left and then right joints). SA was separately evaluated under 4 groups and in right and left carpal joints of 3 goats in groups. In this main groups, clinical, radiological, ultrasonographical, arthroscopic examinations and microbiologic and biochemical analyses of the synovial fluids were performed. Right (Gr. B) and left (Gr. A) carpal joints of three goats in groups were respectively divided in subgroups according to treatment methods. After AL. ceftriaxon sodium was injected i.m. during 6 days in Gr.A subgroups (3 left carpal joints). Developing of SA and evaluation of treatment process was performed in 3 months period; one week intervals in first month, 15 days intervals in the other months with clinical, radiological and ultrasonographical examinations and microbiological and biochemical analyses. Also in Gr. B (n=3 right carpal joint), SA was developed with same manipulations and evaluations as in Gr. A. Ceftriaxon sodium was IA applied only one time in B subgroups following AL. SA findings were determined in the first examinations of subgroups. Purulent synovial fluid. hyperemia and hyperplasia of synovial membrane, fibrin formation and cartilaginous defects etc. findings were observed in the arthroscopic examination. The factor was identified microbiologically only in first control days of in GR1 and GR2. Total protein and globulin levels of synovial fluid increased. As a conclusion, diagnostic arthroscopy, synovial fluid biochemistry and microbiological analysis were essential and effective in diagnosis, treatment and follow-up of experimentally induced SA. Taking the results into consideration, it could be emphasized that neither PR nor IA antibiotic application following AL had any advantages over each other.

Objective and design Retrospective study of the outcomes of Heimlich valve drainage in dogs. Procedure Medical records of the past 3 years were retrospectively reviewed. Heimlich valve drainage was used in 34 dogs ( median body weight 30 +/- 5 kg): lobectomy ( n = 15), pneumonectomy ( n = 9), intrathoracic oesophageal surgery ( n = 2), diaphragmatic hernia repair ( n = 1), traumatic open pneumothorax ( n = 2), bilobectomy ( n = 2), ligation of the thoracic duct ( n = 1), and chylothorax and pneumothorax ( n = 1 each). Evacuation of air and/or fluid from the pleural cavity was performed with the Heimlich valve following thoracostomy tube insertion. During drainage, the dogs were closely monitored for possible respiratory failure. Termination of Heimlich valve drainage was controlled with underwater seal drainage and assessed with thoracic radiography. Results Negative intrathoracic pressure was provided in 29 dogs without any complications. Post pneumonectomy respiratory syncope and post lobectomy massive hemothorax, which did not originate from the Heimlich valve, were the only postoperative complications. Dysfunction of the valve diaphragm, open pneumothorax and intrathoracic localisation of an acute gastric dilatation-volvulus syndrome caused by a left-sided diaphragmatic hernia following pneumonectomy were the Heimlich valve drainage complications. Conclusions The Heimlich valve can be used as a continuous drainage device in dogs, but the complications reported here should be considered by veterinary practitioners. Australian Government Department of Industry, Innovation and Science Cooperative Research Centres (CRC) Programme

The aim of this study was to evaluate the operation outcomes of Plication Dam Technique (PDT) in uncomplicated umbilical hernia (UUH) in calves and presentation of it as a new herniorrhaphy technique. A prospective clinical study was designed. Fifteen calves with UUH were used for the study. UUHs were repaired with PDT. The internal hernial sac was enfolded so that it could form plicas in the umbilical defect and hernial defect was closed by stitching it to the sides of hernial hole with Halstead sutures. All calves were examined during postoperative period in specific times (15th and 30th days) clinically and the long term clinical results (3rd, 5th months, 1st, 2nd and 3rd years) were evaluated in accordance with the data obtained from the owners. In two cases where the technique was applied, the findings belonging to postoperative term were also evaluated ultrasonographically (2nd, 3rd and 5th months) and the results of clinical and ultrasonographic examination were compared. No recurrence was observed in any case and there were not any significant complications. It was found out that the thickness of the tissue, which was repaired with PDT, in the umbilical area, was almost as thick as abdominal wall after 3rd month and it had the same thickness level at the end of 5th month. The outcomes of the study have showed that PDT is an easy and effective method for the repair of UUHs. PDT can be a primary treatment option in the repair of UUHs in selected cases.

Two dogs were presented with the history of wild boar attack during hunting. Clinical and radiological examination revealed thoracic and thoracoabdominal pathologies. Perioperatively, hemothorax, ruptured right middle lung lobe and pericardium, right partial caudal lung lobe contusion and rib fractures were determined in case 1. Hemoabdomen, caudal liver lobe rupture, diaphragmatic hernia, hemothorax, right caudal and accessory lung lobe rupture and rib fracture were observed in case 2. Pathologies were treated with emergency operative approaches. Postoperative at the end of 1st and 6th month, owners informed that the dogs were healthy. It is expressed considering these cases that mortal traumas can be caused by wild boar attacks in dogs and these can be treated with correct emergency surgery approaches. Av sürecinde yaban domuzu yaralaması öyküsü ile iki köpek kliniğimize sunuldu. Klinik ve radyolojik muayenede toraks ve torakoabdominal patolojiler tanındı. Perioperatif süreçte olgu 1’de; hemotoraks, sağ akciğer orta lobunda ve perikartta ruptür, sağ akciğer kaudal lobunun parsiyal kontüzyonu ve kosta kırıkları belirlendi. Olgu 2’de; hemoabdomen, karaciğerin kaudal lobu ruptürü, hernia diyaframatika, hemotoraks, sağ akciğer kaudal ve aksesor lobu ruptürü ve kosta kırığı saptandı. Patolojiler, acil operatif girişimler ile sağaltıldı. Postoperatif birinci ve altıncı ayın sonunda hasta sahiplerinden köpeklerin sağlıklı olduğu öğrenildi. Av sürecinde köpeklerde ölümcül travmaların yaban domuzlarınca oluşturulabileceği, ancak doğru ve acil cerrahi girişimlerle hastaların yaşam şansı bulacağı bu olgulara dayanarak ifade edilebilir.

The comparison of the histologic healing and bronchopleural fistula (BPF) complications encountered with three different BS closure techniques (manual suture, stapler, and manual suture plus tissue flab) after pneumonectomy in dogs was investigated for a one-month period. The dogs were separated into two groups: group I (GI) (n = 9) and group II (GII) (n = 9). Right and left pneumonectomies were performed on the animals in GI and GII, respectively. Each group was further divided into three subgroups according to BS closure technique: subgroup I (SGI) (n = 3), manual suture; subgroup II (SGII) (n = 3), stapler; and subgroup III (SGIII) (n = 3), manual suture plus tissue flab. The dogs were sacrificed after one month of observation, and the bronchial stumps were removed for histological examination. The complications observed during a one-month period following pneumonectomy in nine dogs (n = 9) were: BPF (n = 5), peri-operative cardiac arrest (n = 1), post-operative respiratory arrest (n = 1), post-operative cardiac failure (n = 1) and cardio-pulmonary failure (n = 1). Histological healing was classified as complete or incomplete healing. Histological healing and BPF complications in the subgroups were analyzed statistically. There was no significant difference in histological healing between SGI and SGIII (p = 1.00; p > 0.05), nor between SGII and SGIII (p = 1.00; p > 0.05). Similarly, no significant difference was observed between the subgroups in terms of BPF (p = 0.945; p > 0.05). The results of the statistical analysis indicated that manual suture, stapler or manual suture plus tissue flab could be alternative methods for BS closure following pneumonectomy in dogs.

A two-year-old, female, domestic short-haired cat was presented with visual impairment, tetraparesis, depression, head tilt and nystagmus. Serum and CSF were positive for coronavirus antibody and hydrocephalus secondary to feline infectious peritonitis was diagnosed based on clinical, laboratory and computed tomography findings. Medical treatment was not effective. This report presents a case of hydrocephalus in a cat suspected to be secondary to feline infectious peritonitis.

A 4-year-old male German Shepherd dog was presented with a history of compromised respiratory function, lack of appetite, and weight loss. A physical examination suggested intra-thoracic pathological lesions, and was later confirmed by radiography and Computed tomography. Intrathoracic granulomatous mass as well as lesions in other organs were found in the autopsy.. Microbiological analysis revealed Actinobacillus lignieresii as a causative agent of the disease.

Chylothorax due to right-sided heart failure was diagnosed in a 3.5-year-old, male Rottweiler, based on the clinical, radiological, and echocardiographic examinations, and serum biochemical test results (pleural fluid cytology and triglyceride levels of the serum and pleural fluid). En bloc ligation of thoracic duct along with its branches and pleural abrasion were performed after the failure of the initial medical management including pleural drainage via tube thoracostomy, and enalapril, furosemide, and low-fat diet (Prescription Diet Canine r/d, Hill's Pet Product, Topeka, Kansas, USA). Combination medical and surgical therapy resulted in an excellent postoperative outcome. Six months after surgery the dog had no evidence of clinical signs of right-sided heart failure or chylothorax and the severity of echocardiographic abnormalities (right atrial dilatation and tricuspid regurgitant jet velocity) was reduced. 3,5 yaşında, erkek bir Rottweiler’da klinik, radyolojik, ekokardiyografik muayene ve serum biyokimyasal test sonuçlarına dayanarak (plevral sıvı sitolojisi ve serum ve plevral sıvı trigliserid düzeyleri) sağ kalp yetmezliğine bağlı şilotoraks tanımlandı. Tüp torakostomi ile plevral drenaj, enelapril, furosemide ve düşük yağlı diyeti (Prescription Diet Canine r/d, Hill’s Pet Product, Topeka, Kansas, ABD) içeren ilk tedavi planının etkisiz olmasından sonra torasik kanal ve kollarının en-blok ligatürü ve plevral abrazyon operasyonu yapıldı. Medikal tedavi ile birlikte operasyon mükemmel postoperatif sonuç gösterdi. Postoperatif 6. ayda köpekte şilotoraks ve sağ kalp yetmezliğinin klinik bulguları görülmezken, ekokardiyografik anormalitelerin şiddeti (sağ atrial dilatasyon ve trikuspid regürgitant jet velositesi) azaldı.