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The characterization of a custom-designed GC-based SAW e-Nose sensor system is presented here to study the sensing ability of the sensor system to detect and identify low medium and high toxic vapors. A semi-automated multi-vapor generator generates vapors of chemical compounds that are then exposed to the sensing system to examine its performance under various concentrations. Time-domain verses frequency response of GC-SAW Sensor is noted for repeated cycles against different chemical compounds like xylene, 1,2 dibromoethane, dimethyl sulfate, triethyl phosphate, nitrobenzene, phosphorous trichloride being tested. The generated data is examined using a principle component analysis (PCA) technique to detect a unique response for an individual chemical compound. Experimental results are reported.

Antiferromagnetic insulators are a ubiquitous class of magnetic materials, holding the promise of low-dissipation spin-based computing devices that can display ultra-fast switching and are robust against stray fields. However, their imperviousness to magnetic fields also makes them difficult to control in a reversible and scalable manner. Here we demonstrate a novel proof-of-principle ionic approach to control the spin reorientation (Morin) transition reversibly in the common antiferromagnetic insulator α-Fe2O3 (haematite) – now an emerging spintronic material that hosts topological antiferromagnetic spin-textures and long magnon-diffusion lengths. We use a low-temperature catalytic-spillover process involving the post-growth incorporation or removal of hydrogen from α-Fe2O3 thin films. Hydrogenation drives pronounced changes in its magnetic anisotropy, Néel vector orientation and canted magnetism via electron injection and local distortions. We explain these effects with a detailed magnetic anisotropy model and first-principles calculations. Tailoring our work for future applications, we demonstrate reversible control of the room-temperature spin-state by doping/expelling hydrogen in Rh-substituted α-Fe2O3.

Smartphones are widely available and used extensively by students worldwide. These phones often come equipped with high-quality cameras that can be combined with basic optical elements to build a cost-effective DIY spectrometer. Here, we discuss a series of demonstrations and pedagogical exercises, accompanied by our DIY diffractive spectrometer that uses a free web platform for instant spectral analysis. Specifically, these demonstrations can be used to encourage hands-on and inquiry-based learning of wave optics, broadband vs discrete light emission, quantization, Heisenberg's energy-time uncertainty relation, and the use of spectroscopy in day-to-day life. Hence, these simple tools can be readily deployed in high school classrooms to communicate the practices of science., 7 pages, 7 figures

The adult female, first-instar nymph, male pupa and adult male of a new species of the genus Cyphococcus Laing (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha: Coccidae) from India, C. williamsi Joshi & Rajgopal sp. n., are described and illustrated. This is the first record of the genus Cyphococcus and the subfamily Cyphococcinae from the Oriental region. Information on distribution, biology, host plants, associated coccinellid predators and hymenopteran parasitoids is given.

We report the control of Rashba spin-orbit interaction by tuning asymmetric hybridization between Ti orbitals at the LaAlO_{3}/SrTiO_{3} interface. This asymmetric orbital hybridization is modulated by introducing a LaFeO_{3} layer between LaAlO_{3} and SrTiO_{3}, which alters the Ti-O lattice polarization and traps interfacial charge carriers, resulting in a large Rashba spin-orbit effect at the interface in the absence of an external bias. This observation is verified through high-resolution electron microscopy, magnetotransport and first-principles calculations. Our results open hitherto unexplored avenues of controlling Rashba interaction to design next-generation spin orbitronics.

While chiral magnets, metal-based magnetic multilayers, or Heusler compounds have been considered as the material workhorses in the field of skyrmionics, oxides are now emerging as promising alternatives, as they host special correlations between the spin-orbital-charge-lattice degrees of freedom and/or coupled ferroic order parameters. These interactions open new possibilities for practically exploiting skyrmionics. In this article, we review the recent advances in the observation and control of topological spin textures in various oxide systems. We start with the discovery of skyrmions and related quasiparticles in bulk and heterostructure ferromagnetic oxides. Next, we emphasize the shortcomings of implementing ferromagnetic textures, which have led to the recent explorations of ferrimagnetic and antiferromagnetic oxide counterparts, with higher Curie temperatures, stray-field immunity, low Gilbert damping, ultrafast magnetic dynamics, and/or absence of skyrmion deflection. Then, we highlight the development of novel pathways to control the stability, motion, and detection of topological textures using electric fields and currents. Finally, we present the outstanding challenges that need to be overcome to achieve all-electrical, nonvolatile, low-power oxide skyrmionic devices., Authors Zhi Shiuh Lim and Hariom Jani have contributed equally; 22 Pages, 4 Figures; Keywords: Spintronics, Topology, Oxides, Ferrimagnets, Antiferromagnets, Skyrmions, Beyond-Moore Computing

A breakthrough in in-memory computing technologies hinges on the development of appropriate material platforms that can overcome their existing limitations, such as larger than optimal footprint and multiple serial computational steps, with potential accumulation of errors. Using a molecular switching element with multiple non-monotonic and deterministic transitions, the device count and the number of computational steps can be substantially reduced. With molecular materials, however, the realization of a reliable and robust platform is an unattained goal for decades. Here, crossbar arrays with up to 64 molecular memristors are fabricated to experimentally demonstrate 8-bit serial and 4-bit parallel adders that operate for thousands of measurement cycles with an estimated error probability of 10

Pollution due to fuel-based vehicles can be controlled by renewable energy-based vehicles. In this project solar based electrical skate scooter was proposed. Solar based electrical skate scooter was designed with a motor coupled with wheel Motor runs with a help of a battery. Battery was charged with the solar power from solar panel fitted in the scooter. Use of a smart energy management system with solar power charging the battery reduces the pollution. The whole setup was interconnected with ARDUNIO for monitoring. The parameters such as speed, battery level and battery status (Charging/Discharging/low power/full power) was sensed and monitored by ARDUNIO. Data was processed and was transferred to the cloud with using the NodeMCU module. The data is stored in the cloud which can be received by the receiver section, which is mobile phone or laptop.

We demonstrate a strategy inspired by natural siderophores for the dissolution of platinum nanoparticles that could enable their size-selective synthesis, toxicological assessment, and the recycling of this precious metal. From the fabrication of electronics to biomedical diagnosis and therapy, PtNPs find increasing use. Mitigating concerns over potential human toxicity and the need to recover precious metal from industrial debris motivates the study of bio-friendly reagents to replace traditional harsh etchants. Herein, we report a family of redox-active siderophore-viz. π-acceptor azo aromatic ligands (L) that spontaneously ionize and chelate Pt atoms selectively from nanoparticles of size ≤6 nm. The reaction produces a monometallic diradical complex, PtII(L˙−)2, isolated as a pure crystalline compound. Density functional theory provides fundamental insights on the size dependent PtNP chemical reactivity. The reported findings reveal a generalized platform for designing π-acceptor ligands to adjust the size threshold for dissolution of Pt or other noble metals NPs. Our approach may, for example, be used for the generation of Pt-based therapeutics or for reclamation of Pt nano debris formed in catalytic converters or electronic fabrication industries., Biofriendly recycling of Pt is enabled by ligands that size-selectively dissolve nanoclusters.

In various inventory systems this model is used to obtain the optimal supply range. To find the optimal supply range taking in to attention the attitudes related inventory holding cost per unit, cost of shortage per unit etc., in several positions the requirement is taken to be a random variable. The whole demand is in turn a volume of three random variables specifically (i) requirement due to buyers (ii) requirement due to the supply of the commodity to sister concerns (iii) requirement due to the replacement of deficient items that are not approved and thus exchanged for current units under these inferences the optimal supply range is derived.

The electricity infrastructure of smart power systems continue to grow with an establishment of numerous approaches for its improvement in energy efficiency and energy management. Demand Response (DR) is considered as economical and reliable solution in smart power grid for load curve smoothing during electrical system stress. The Demand Response Management (DRM) programs are primarily focused on interactions between a power utility company and its customers to meet out their present and future power demand requirements. In this review paper, the benefit of a bidirectional digital communication infrastructure is achieved in the smart power grid through distributed demand-side energy management system among power customers. The significant role of Demand Response Management (DRM) in a smart grid is to take informed decisions concerning their energy consumption and to assist the energy providers to cut-down the peak load demand and remodel the load profile. Hence it has been turned out to be an exercise in smart grid sustainability enhancement to slow down overall operative cost and carbon emission levels of power generating systems. The fast optimal control of DR strategies based on the target of various optimization methods which have been discussed and categorized in this review paper. The system constraints and computational complexity in applied optimization algorithms are measured as fundamental ideas in the optimization problems.

Antiferromagnetic insulators are a ubiquitous class of magnetic materials, holding the promise of low-dissipation spin-based computing devices that can display ultra-fast switching and are robust against stray fields. However, their imperviousness to magnetic fields also makes them difficult to control in a reversible and scalable manner. Here we demonstrate a novel proof-of-principle ionic approach to control the spin reorientation (Morin) transition reversibly in the common antiferromagnetic insulator α-Fe2O3 (haematite) – now an emerging spintronic material that hosts topological antiferromagnetic spin-textures and long magnon-diffusion lengths. We use a low-temperature catalytic-spillover process involving the post-growth incorporation or removal of hydrogen from α-Fe2O3 thin films. Hydrogenation drives pronounced changes in its magnetic anisotropy, Néel vector orientation and canted magnetism via electron injection and local distortions. We explain these effects with a detailed magnetic anisotropy model and first-principles calculations. Tailoring our work for future applications, we demonstrate reversible control of the room-temperature spin-state by doping/expelling hydrogen in Rh-substituted α-Fe2O3., One major challenge for antiferromagnetic spintronics is how to control the antiferromagnetic state. Here Jani et al. demonstrate the reversible ionic control of the room-temperature magnetic anisotropy and spin reorientation transition in haematite, via the incorporation and removal of hydrogen.

Micro-drilling is one of the advanced levels of metal cutting processes in the manufacturing and assembly industry, thereby producing micro-holes with higher depth, greater surface finish and better-quality of roundness. In this research work, micro-drilling has been done on Incoloy 800 which is an iron-based superalloy which has good resistance to corrosion, oxidation at higher temperature and is used in various equipments like superheaters, pressure vessels, heat exchangers, etc. The temperature and material removal rate (MRR) are analysed by varying the processes parameters like diameter of the tool, spindle speed and feed as per Taguchi L27 orthogonal array design. From this experiment, it is found that MRR and temperature increase with the increase in feed and speed of spindle. The results obtained by the experiments are optimized by using grey relational analysis (GRA).