Search

Electrochemical oxidation of silver in the 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium bromide ([BMIm]Br) ionic liquid is studied by cyclic voltammetry, chronopotentiometry, chronoammetry, and gravimetry. Two electrode processes irreversibly proceed on the silver electrode in the potential range studied: the formation of compound [BMIm]+[AgBr2]−, which is soluble in [BMIm]Br, and difficultly soluble AgBr.

Cyclic voltammetry, chronopotentiometry, and gravimetry were used to study the electrochemical oxidation of copper in an ionic liquid, 1-butyl-3-methyl imidazolium bromide monohydrate.

The formation of cadmium 8-oxyquinoline (HOx) complexes in water and a 0.01 M aqueous solution of sodium dodecyl sulfate (293 K, 0.01) was studied by pH-metric titration. Mathematical simulation of the most probable equilibria gave complex formation constants logβ1 = 6.17 ± 0.32 (CdOx+) and logβ2 = 14.60 ± 0.14 (CdOx2) in aqueous solution and apparent stability constants logβ1 = 8.64 (CdOx+) and logβ2 = 17.59 (CdOx2) in a solution of dodecyl sulfate. The solubility of cadmium dioxyquinolate in water at pH from 3 to 6 and a micellar sodium dodecyl sulfate medium was determined by the method of saturated solutions. The solubility product pLp = 21.3 ± 0.9 (H2O, 293 K) was calculated by modeling the solution of CdOx2 with taking into account all acid-base interactions and complex formation reactions.

The influence of sodium dodecyl sulfate on the dissociation of protonated 8-hydroxyquinoline in aqueous solutions is investigated by potentiometric titration at 293 K. The constants of direct binding of 8-hydroxyquinoline with the monomers and micelles of sodium dodecyl sulfate are determined by the computer simulation of the most probable processes. The role of electrostatic and hydrophobic interactions in the studied system is discussed.

The solubility of atmospheric oxygen in solutions of surfactants of different natures at 293 K and pH 8 is determined by gas chromatography. It is found that additives of nonionic surfactants decrease the oxygen content in the solution in the premicellar region and increase its solubility in the micellar region. It is shown that, for anionic surfactants, a decrease in the solubility of O2 is observed over the entire concentration range.

Complexation of a cationic dye (Methylene Blue) with anionic and cationic surfactants (sodium dodecyl sulfate and cetylpyridinium chloride) was studied spectrophotometrically. The formation constants of complexes formed in the system were estimated. Dispersion of the investigated system was studied as a function of time and cetylpyridinium chloride concentration.

The paper presents the study in of the combined psychopharmaco-psychocorrective method designed specially for juvenile patients with endogenic depressive disorders. Psychocorrective measures included the method of "rehabilitation training of social habits" used on the stage of hospital therapy and psychocorrective training according to "social support" method used in group psychotherapy outpatiently. A 5 year follow-up study performed in 110 showed that psychotherapy has increased efficiency of the therapy in terms of both reduction of clinic disorders in the acute period and prophylaxis of the relapses as well as social readaptation.

The complexation of Cu2+ with glycine in aqueous solution of an anionic surfactant, sodium dodecyl sulfate, was studied spectrophotometrically. Sodium dodecyl sulfate in concentrations above the critical micellization concentration participates in the complexation. The composition of the complexes and the equilibrium constants of the complexation were determined.

The functional activity of natural killer (NK) and of T-helper (TH) lymphocytes was examined both in 19 patients with schizophrenia and in 6 patients with schizoaffective psychosis as well as in 93 control individuals. The patients were examined both before the treatment and two months after it. The cytotoxic level of NK lymphocytes was considerably decreased in all the patients before the treatment. The TH activity was decreased in 8 of 17 schizophrenic patients and in 1 of 4 schizoaffective patients observed during the acute period. The increase of cytotoxic NK activity was seen in patients with schizoaffective psychosis after the treatment while such alterations in schizophrenic patients were absent. The TH activity changed neither in schizophrenic nor in schizoaffective patients after the treatment.

Complexation of copper(II) with β-tert-butyl L-aspartate in aqueous solutions of the anionic surfactant, sodium dodecyl sulfate, was studied by spectrophotometry, followed by mathematical processing of the results. Compositions of complexes and equilibrium constants of their formation reactions were determined.

The interaction of comenic acid with cetylpyridinium chloride in aqueous solutions was studied by spectrophotometry. Compositions of ionic associates formed depending on cetylpyridinum chloride concentration were found, and logarithms of equilibrium constants of corresponding association reactions were determined.

The recognition of facial emotional expression in depressed patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) and slow progressive schizophrenia (SPS) in acute state and in remission was studied in comparison with healthy persons. All the subjects were right-handed. The drawings of sad, neutral and happy faces followed by masking stimulus were displayed in the center field and in the left or right hemifield of vision on the computer screen for 80 ms. All the depressed patients revealed marked impairment of facial emotion recognition, especially for negative on, and disturbances of hemisphere asymmetry. There were some differences between MDD and SPS patients. The MDD patients showed more significant impairment of emotion recognition and right hemisphere disfunction. The SPS patients were less impaired and revealed mild worsening in the left hemisphere only. In remission MDD patients showed a significant improvement of emotion recognition contrary to SPS patients who failed to recover this function. The revealed emotion recognition disturbances in MDD patients are supposed to be dynamic, whereas in depressed patients with SPS it is considered to be a trait feature.

The authors studied therapeutic properties of fluoxetine in the treatment of 100 patients with endogenous depressions. The drug was introduced during 6 weeks in a daily dose 20 mg. On the basis of the analysis of its clinical action and adverse reactions, fluoxetine belonging to the class of antidepressants has been ascertained. A prevalence of thymoleptic and stimulating components in its action, equal by their degree of expressivity and a smaller degree of anxiolytic effect have been demonstrated. Differentiated indications to fluoxetine prescription, its predilection in the therapy of apatho-adynamic and melancholic depressions and the feasibility of its use in inpatient conditions are discussed.

The drug antibodies were radioimmunologically detected in 58.3% of depressive patients treated with Imipramine. A group of patients with the antibodies permanently present either proved fully resistant or showed a minor effect. A group with antibodies arising just at the start of the treatment displayed either complete remission or substantial improvement. Antibodies were not found in patients exhibiting full recovery or considerable improvement.

On the basis of the results of an 18-26-year-long follow up of 100 patients with juvenile slowly progressive neurosis-like schizophrenia with an onset of the disease in youth the authors have identified a group of patients (n = 25) who presented practical cure. Comparison of the peculiarities of neurosis-like disturbances and their dynamics during the active stage of the disease in this group and in patients in whom stable neurosis-like manifestations persisted up to the late stages of the disease (n = 75) has made it possible to determine those types of neurosis-like states which correlate with the outcome of the disease. Some clinical and pathogenetic signs have been identified which help specify some aspects of the clinical and social prognosis.

In schizophrenic patients, the course of lipid peroxidation (LP) was investigated as indicated by pentane contents in the expired air (gas chromatography) during a course of psychotropic drug therapy. In 80% of the patients LP was activated before the therapy and reduced in its course with the levels in remission comparable to those characteristic of healthy controls. The LP decreased in a "leap-like" manner with episodes far exceeding the control levels. These leaps' rate and the baseline LP increase before therapy positively correlated with severity of the signs of the disease, its duration, and pre-existing level of negative disorders.

Clinical catamnestic and experimental psychologic techniques allowed the authors to single out a range of personality and psychosocial structures in patients with juvenile slow progredient neurosis-like schizophrenia with favorable outcome up to "virtual recovery". Influencing these structures with respect to the patients' age could promote their general and special activities, heighten their level and quality of adaptation to major spheres of social functioning. This provided a basis for establishing the major goals of social rehabilitative and psychic corrective aid to the juvenile patients.