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A pandemia de COVID-19 causou alterações no estilo de vida em âmbito global. Mudanças nos hábitos alimentares da população também foram verificadas. Considerando a insegurança dos consumidores em relação ao risco de contaminação com coronavírus via alimentos ou embalagens de alimentos, o presente trabalho propôs investigar se os consumidores brasileiros têm conhecimento sobre a existência de embalagens antimicrobianas e como eles percebem a aplicação dessa tecnologia no contexto da pandemia de COVID-19. Foi realizada uma pesquisa on-line com 288 consumidores, entre novembro de 2021 e março de 2022. O questionário consistia em seis questões sociodemográficas e doze questões específicas sobre embalagens ativas antimicrobianas e COVID-19. Os respondentes foram majoritariamente da região Sudeste (91,7%), do gênero feminino (62%), com idade entre 18 e 24 anos (36,5%). Preço, data de validade, marca e segurança microbiológicas foram considerados os quatro fatores mais relevantes na hora da compra de produtos alimentícios. Cerca de 51,7% dos participantes informaram terem medo de se contaminarem com COVID-19 por meio de alimentos/embalagens, e 52% afirmou que a rotina mudou durante a pandemia, independentemente do início da vacinação. Apesar de 44% dos indivíduos não conhecerem embalagens ativas antimicrobianas, 85% responderam que se sentiriam mais seguros consumindo produtos com essa tecnologia. Além disso, 61,1% disseram que estariam dispostos a pagar a mais pelo produto com essa embalagem. Os resultados indicam que os consumidores percebem as embalagens antimicrobianas como uma ferramenta de proteção contra COVID-19 e existe interesse em utilizar produtos com essa tecnologia.

Serum and CSF concentrations of praziquantel were analyzed in 8 patients with active neurocysticercosis aged 35 +/- 16 (mean +/- sd) years, in order to determine factors that may improve the therapeutic ratio. Praziquantel was given orally at 6-h intervals for 10 days at a daily dose of 100 mg/kg. Serum concentrations were determined at 1, 2 and 4 h, and CSF concentrations at 2 h after the morning dose. Peak serum concentrations occurred between 1 and 2 h after administration. There was a trend towards a drop in serum concentration from Days 1 through 5 to 10 of therapy. A fourfold increase in oral dose led to an eightfold rise in serum and CSF concentration, indicating saturation of hepatic metabolism. There were linear correlations (p less than 0.01) between serum and CSF concentrations of praziquantel, indicating free flow across the blood-brain barrier, above an apparent threshold, which may be related to occupation of plasma protein-binding sites. The results indicate that monitoring of serum concentrations may be clinically useful.

>Screening for the bacteriocin production of strains of lactic acid bacteria from various meat and meat products resulted in the detection of a bacteriocin-producing Lactococcus lactis subsp. cremoris CTC 204, isolated from chicken. The bacteriocin inhibited not only closely related lactic acid bacteria (Lactobacillus helveticus), but also pathogenic microorganisms (Staphylococcus aureus, Listeria monocytogenes, Bacillus cereus, and Clostridium perfringens). It was inactivated by α-chymotrypsin, ficin, papain, and pronase E, but not by lipase or pepsin. This compound was heat stable even at autoclaving temperature (121°C for 10min) and was produced during refrigerated storage. It was also active over a wide pH range (2–10), but the highest activity was observed in the lower pH range. The results indicated that dipping raw beef in the bacteriocin produced by strain CTC 204 could contribute to the extension of the shelf life of refrigerated bovine meat.

The surgical treatment of mandibular condyle fractures currently offers several possibilities for stable internal fixation. In this study, a finite element model evaluation was performed of three different methods for osteosynthesis of low subcondylar fractures: (1) two four-hole straight plates, (2) one seven-hole lambda plate, and (3) one four-hole trapezoidal plate. The finite element model evaluation considered a load applied to the first molar on the contralateral side to the fracture. Results showed that, although the three methods are capable of withstanding functional loading, the lambda plate displayed a more homogeneous stress distribution for both osteosynthesis material and bone and may be a better method when single-plate fixation is the option.

Standard therapeutic regimens of praziquantel for neurocysticercosis use daily doses of 50 mg/kg for 15-21 days, with prolonged remission being achieved in 60-80% patients. In this prospective study, 100 mg/kg daily was used for 10 days in 13 patients aged 32 +/- 15 years (mean +/- SD) with severe intra-, extra-parenchymal or mixed forms of neurocysticercosis. Patients were monitored with computerized tomography and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) examination on days 1, 5 and 10. Full blood count, sedimentation rate, blood sugar, urea, creatinine, bilirubin, liver transaminases, alkaline phosphatase, urine analysis and electrocardiogram were carried out before and after treatment. Doses of dexamethasone and of other drugs used concomitantly were controlled. There was no toxicity, clinical or detected by the methods employed in the study. After 22 +/- 5 (mean +/- SD) months follow-up, 6 patients needed ventriculoperitoneal shunting, 2 had died, 7 were improved and led useful lives and 4 were in prolonged remission. There was no correlation between serum or CSF praziquantel correlation and outcome of treatment. The proposed regimen is well tolerated, may be as efficient as previously advocated regimens, requires less hospitalization time and may be adopted routinely for therapy of neurocysticercosis.

Um estudo aberto, retrospectivo e não-controlado, foi realizado para avaliar a eficácia e tolerabilidade do tratamento imunossupressor instituído no período de 1982 a 1990 em pacientes com diagnóstico de esclerose múltipla clinicamente definida. Dos 42 pacientes, 18 (43%) foram tratados com uma só droga e 24 (57%) com mais de uma. A tolerabilidade foi avaliada após 6 meses de tratamento em 42 pacientes, dos quais 6 receberiam tratamento com prednisona, 26 com azatioprina, 17 com metilprednisolona e 15 com pulsos de ciclofosfa-mida. Ocorreram efeitos colaterais reversíveis, de intensidade leve a moderada, em 54% dos pacientes em uso de azatioprina, sendo necessário diminuir a dose ou suspender definitivamente a medicação. Foram observados efeitos adversos em 40% dos pacientes em uso de pulsos de ciclofosfamida e em 12% dos pacientes em tratamento com pulsos de metilprednisolona. Efeitos colaterais relacionados ao uso crônico dos corticóides ocorreram em 83% dos pacientes. Avaliação da eficácia após 2 anos de tratamento imunossupressor, em 15 pacientes com seguimento adequado, mostrou aparente parada do progresso da doença, sugerindo benefício da imunossu-pressão em casos com evolução rápida e inabilidade crescente. An open, retrospective, uncontrolled study was carried out to evaluate efficacy and tolerability of immunesuppressive therapy used in the period 1982-1990 in patients with clinically definite multiple sclerosis. Of 42 patients 43% were treated with one drug, and the others with more than one. Tolerability was evaluated after at least 6 months of therapy in 6 patients on prednisone, 28 on azathioprine, 17 on methyl-prednisolone and 15 on cyclophosphamide pulses. Reversible mild or moderate side-effects were noted in 54% of the patients on azathioprine, heading to change in dose or withdrawal. There were similar side-effects in 83% of the patients on prednisone, 40% of those on cyclophosphamide, and in 12% of those on methylprednisolone. Efficacy was evaluated in 15 patients with a follow-up of at least 2 years, measured by objective scales. The results indicated therapy appeared to arrest progress of disability. We conclude that this study supports the use of immunesuppresssion in selected cases with rapidly evolving neurological deficits.

An open, retrospective, uncontrolled study was carried out to evaluate efficacy and tolerability of immunosuppressive therapy used in the period 1982-1990 in patients with clinically definite multiple sclerosis. Of 42 patients 43% were treated with one drug, and the others with more than one. Tolerability was evaluated after at least 6 months of therapy in 6 patients on prednisone, 26 on azathioprine, 17 on methyl-prednisolone and 15 on cyclophosphamide pulses. Reversible mild or moderate side-effects were noted in 54% of the patients on azathioprine, leading to change in dose or withdrawal. There were similar side-effects in 83% of the patients on prednisone, 40% of those on cyclophosphamide, and in 12% of those on methylprednisolone. Efficacy was evaluated in 15 patients with a follow-up of at least 2 years, measured by objective scales. The results indicated therapy appeared to arrest progress of disability. We conclude that this study supports the use of immunosuppression in selected cases with rapidly evolving neurological deficits.

The frequency of multiple sclerosis in Brasil is assumed to be lower than in some geographically comparable regions, but internationally available objective diagnostic criteria are not generally used. We have reviewed a number of such criteria and applied those of Poser and colleagues to all patients who could be examined specifically for this study; who had been under our care between 1982-87; with clinically satisfactory history, physical exam, ancillary investigations and follow-up; with enough information to warrant immunosuppressive therapy with azathioprine, methyl-prednisolone or cyclophosphamide. There were 35 (88%) females and 5 (12%) males, with clinically definite (85%), probable (10%) disease according to Poser and cols, as well as 2 patients with chronic progressive disease. Age at time of study was 39 +/- 11 years, age at onset had been 32 +/- 10 years, and length of history was 6 +/- 7 years (mean +/- sd). Mode of onset was a disturbance of gait in 50%, of vision in 25% and dizziness in 10%. Physical exam at time of study showed motor deficits in 92.5%, sensory in 67.5%, ocular visual in 65%, spastic bladder in 35%, and vestibulo-cerebellar disturbances in 32%. Visual evoked responses were abnormal in 65% of 31 cases, auditory in 23% of 22 cases, and somatosensory in 80% of 20 cases. This study shows that international diagnostic criteria, specifically those of Poser and colleagues are applicable in Brasil, providing clear guidelines for diagnosis of multiple sclerosis. We suggest objective diagnostic criteria form the backbone of teaching about the disease, at various levels of medical education. Their wide utilization will in due time provide conditions for epidemiological, clinical and therapeutic studies which have not as yet been carried out in this country.

The wide clinical spectrum of neurocysticercosis has led to many attempts at clinical, radiological, CSF and other classifications. Based on an objective review of the relevant literature and on a prospective study of 42 patients with active neurocysticercosis, a new classification is proposed, based on clinical, tomographic, magnetic resonance and CSF evidence of viability of cysts. The first step is to define whether the disease is active or not. Inactive disease may be parenchymal calcifications or hydrocephalus. Active disease may be intraparenchymal, extraparenchymal or mixed. Statistical analysis of 42 cases with active disease shows intraparenchymal disease to occur in younger patients, perhaps more frequently in females, and to have a better prognosis than extraparenchymal of mixed disease. The latter appears to have the worst prognosis. Therapeutic implications are that only active disease warrants etiological therapy. There remain doubts about the best therapy for some infrequent subtypes of extraparenchymal and mixed disease. O amplo espectro clínico da neurocisticercose deu espaço a muitas tentativas de classificações clínicas, radiológicas e de LCR, entre outras. Baseados em revisão objetiva da literatura relevante e em estudo prospectivo de 42 casos de doença ativa, nova classificação é proposta com base em evidências clínicas, tomográficas, de ressonância magnética ou LCR indicando viabilidade de cistos. O primeiro passo é estabelecer se a doença é ou não ativa. Doença inativa pode ser representada por calcificações intraparenquimatosas ou hidrocefalia. Doença ativa pode ser intra ou extraparenquimatosa, ou mista. Análise estatística de 42 casos com doença ativa demonstra que doença intraparenquimatosa ocorre em um grupo mais jovem, talvez mais no sexo feminino, e tem melhor prognóstico que doença extraparenquimatosa ou mista. Doença mista parece ter o pior prognóstico. Implicações terapêuticas são que somente doença ativa deve receber tratamento etiológico. Permanecem dúvidas sobre a melhor conduta em algumas formas infreqüentes de doença extraparenquimatosa ou mista.

Como parte de estudo prospectivo de 347 casos de doença cerebrovascular isquêmica (DCVI) internados em um hospital geral, foram avaliados 36 pacientes diabéticos e 36 controles com sexo, idade e pressão arterial semelhantes, com o objetivo de verificar como diabetes mellitus afeta o prognóstico em DCVI. Os 72 pacientes apresentavam vários tipos de DCVI (trombose, tromboembolismo ou embolia cardiogênica). Os pacientes diabéticos tiveram estatisticamente mais dias de internamento (p

As part of a prospective study about 347 cases of ischemic cerebral vascular disease (DCVI) admitted to a general hospital 36 diabetic and 36 non-diabetic patients with similar sex, age and blood pressure were evaluated with the objective of assessing the effect of diabetes mellitus on prognosis in DCVI. All patients had various types of DCVI (thrombosis, thromboembolism or cardiac embolism). The diabetic patients had statistically longer admissions (p less than 0.05), more complications during admission (p less than 0.05), more infectious complications (p less than 0.01) and a greater number of deaths at the end of follow-up (p less than 0.05). After 377 +/- 429 (mean +/- standard deviation) days of follow-up, 50% of the diabetics had died while after 387 +/- 405 days 25% of the non-diabetics had died. Deaths in both groups occurred in average at the 8th month after the vascular event that led to the first admission. There were no differences with respect to the number of deaths during admission or to neurological conditions of the survivors at the end of the first admission or at the end of follow-up.