Author: "T Shirai" - Searchworks@Jio Institute Digital Library Search Results

2,943 results on '"T Shirai"'

1. Inter-annual variability of summertime CO2 exchange in Northern Eurasia inferred from GOSAT XCO2

Author: M Ishizawa, K Mabuchi, T Shirai, M Inoue, I Morino, O Uchino, Y Yoshida, D Belikov, and S Maksyutov
Subjects: carbon cycle, climate variability, inverse modeling, satellite-based observations, Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering, TD1-1066, Environmental sciences, GE1-350, Science, Physics, QC1-999
Abstract: Northern Eurasia is one of the largest terrestrial carbon reservoirs on the Earth’s surface. However, since the coverage of surface CO _2 observations is still limited, the response to the climate variability remains uncertain. We estimated monthly CO _2 fluxes for three sub-regions in Northern Eurasia (north of ∼60°N), Northeastern Europe, Western Siberia and Eastern Siberia, using CO _2 retrievals from the Japanese Greenhouse Gases Observing SATellite (GOSAT). The variations of estimated CO _2 fluxes were examined in terms of the regional climate variability, for the three consecutive growing seasons of 2009–2011. The CO _2 fluxes estimated using GOSAT data are highly correlated with the surface temperature anomalies in July and August ( r > 0.8) while no correlation is found in the CO _2 fluxes estimated only using surface observations. The estimated fluxes from GOSAT data exhibit high negative correlations with one-month lagged positive precipitation anomalies in late summer ( r > −0.7) through surface temperature and the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI). The results indicate that GOSAT data reflects the changes in terrestrial biospheric processes responding to climate anomalies. In 2010, a large part of Eurasia experienced an extremely hot and dry summer, while cold and wet weather conditions were recorded in Western Siberia. The CO _2 fluxes estimated from GOSAT data showed a reduction of net CO _2 uptake in Northeastern Europe and Eastern Siberia, but the enhancement of net CO _2 uptake in Western Siberia. These opposite sub-regional flux anomalies can be explained by the different climate anomalies on a sub-regional scale in Northern Eurasia. Thus, this study demonstrates that space-based observations by GOSAT compensate for the lack of ground-based observational coverage so as to better capture the inter-annually varying atmosphere-terrestrial biosphere CO _2 exchange on a regional scale.
Published: 2016
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2. Dysbiosis in Takayasu arteritis complicated with infectious endocarditis following tocilizumab administration

Author: T Shirai, H Sato, T Ishii, and H Fujii
Subjects: Rheumatology, Immunology, Immunology and Allergy, General Medicine
Published: 2022

3. Immunonutritional status predicts poor prognosis of active pulmonary tuberculosis

Author: S Sugiyama, T Akamatsu, Y Kishimoto, K Asada, and T Shirai
Published: 2022

4. Small airway dysfunction detected by oscillometry in asthma, COPD, and asthma-COPD overlap

Author: T Shirai, K Hirai, and Y Gon
Published: 2022

5. Design of a compact superconducting accelerator for advanced heavy-ion therapy

Author: Y. Iwata, T. Shirai, K. Mizushima, S. Matsuba, Y. Yang, E. Noda, M. Urata, M. Muramatsu, K. Katagiri, S. Yonai, T. Inaniwa, S. Sato, Y. Abe, T. Fujimoto, T. Sasano, T. Shiraishi, T. Suzuki, K. Takahashi, Ki. Kondo, H. Sakaki, M. Nishiuchi, T. Orikasa, S. Takayama, S. Amano, K. Nakanishi, M. Tachibana, Y. Touchi, S. Tsubomatsu, and S. Nomura
Subjects: Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Instrumentation
Published: 2023

6. A decadal inversion of CO2 using the Global Eulerian–Lagrangian Coupled Atmospheric model (GELCA): sensitivity to the ground-based observation network

Author: T. Shirai, M. Ishizawa, R. Zhuravlev, A. Ganshin, D. Belikov, M. Saito, T. Oda, V. Valsala, A.J. Gomez-Pelaez, R. Langenfelds, and S. Maksyutov
Subjects: carbon cycle, top-down approach, flux estimation, carbon dioxide, inversion, coupled model, tropical Asia, Meteorology. Climatology, QC851-999
Abstract: We present an assimilation system for atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) using a Global Eulerian–Lagrangian Coupled Atmospheric model (GELCA), and demonstrate its capability to capture the observed atmospheric CO2 mixing ratios and to estimate CO2 fluxes. With the efficient data handling scheme in GELCA, our system assimilates non-smoothed CO2 data from observational data products such as the Observation Package (ObsPack) data products as constraints on surface fluxes. We conducted sensitivity tests to examine the impact of the site selections and the prior uncertainty settings of observation on the inversion results. For these sensitivity tests, we made five different site/data selections from the ObsPack product. In all cases, the time series of the global net CO2 flux to the atmosphere stayed close to values calculated from the growth rate of the observed global mean atmospheric CO2 mixing ratio. At regional scales, estimated seasonal CO2 fluxes were altered, depending on the CO2 data selected for assimilation. Uncertainty reductions were determined at the regional scale and compared among cases. As measures of the model–data mismatch, we used the model–data bias, root-mean-square error, and the linear correlation. For most observation sites, the model–data mismatch was reasonably small. Regarding regional flux estimates, tropical Asia was one of the regions that showed a significant impact from the observation network settings. We found that the surface fluxes in tropical Asia were the most sensitive to the use of aircraft measurements over the Pacific, and the seasonal cycle agreed better with the results of bottom-up studies when the aircraft measurements were assimilated. These results confirm the importance of these aircraft observations, especially for constraining surface fluxes in the tropics.
Published: 2017
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7. Comparable Diagnostic Accuracy Between Sputum Cell Analysis and FeNO in Diagnosing Cough Variant Asthma

Author: T. Shirai, K. Tamura, and K. Hirai
Published: 2022

8. Risk Factors for False-Negative Results of T-SPOT.TB in Smear-Positive Pulmonary Tuberculosis

Author: Y. Kishimoto, S. Sugiyama, K. Shiratori, K. Okawa, H. Nakayasu, T. Masuda, S. Takahashi, Y. Kitahara, S. Sakurai, M. Saigusa, T. Akamatsu, A. Yamamoto, S. Morita, K. Asada, and T. Shirai
Published: 2022

9. Comparison of Clinical Efficacy Between Mepolizumab and Benralizumab in Severe Eosinophilic Asthma

Author: K. Okawa, T. Akamatsu, S. Sugiyama, K. Shiratori, H. Nakayasu, T. Masuda, S. Takahashi, Y. Kitahara, Y. Kishimoto, S. Sakurai, M. Saigusa, A. Yamamoto, S. Morita, K. Asada, and T. Shirai
Published: 2022

10. The Amazon river is a suture zone for a polyphyletic group of co‐mimetic heliconiine butterflies

Author: André V. L. Freitas, Neil Rosser, Kanchon K. Dasmahapatra, Leila T. Shirai, and James Mallet
Subjects: Geography, Amazon rainforest, Ecology, Polyphyly, Mimicry, Zoology, Subspecies, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics
Published: 2020

11. Pôsteres Projeto borboletas do Parque Estadual Intervales, São Paulo, Brasil

Author: Leila T. Shirai and Mariana A. Stanton
Subjects: butterfly, Lepidoptera, Atlantic Forest, science outreach
Abstract: Estes pôsteresfazem parte do material de divulgação científica do projeto de levantamento da fauna de borboletas do Parque Estadual Intervales e arredores. Eles estão impressos e expostoscom o mostruário no parque, próximo à recepção! Para mais informações: 1) Shirai, L. T., Mota, L. L., & Freitas, A. V. (2017). Scientific Note: Aggregation of Epityches eupompe (Nymphalidae: Ithomiini) in southern Brazil.Tropical Lepidoptera Research. 2) Shirai et al. The butterflies (Lepidoptera, Papilionoidea) of the Parque Estadual Intervales and surroundings, São Paulo, Brazil - a ser submetido para Biota Neotropica 3) Shirai et al. Interaction gardens and butterfly catalogues: a joint strategy to promote capacity development in protected areas and reduce the extinction of experience in cities - submetido para Cities & Environment
Published: 2022
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12. POS0841 HIGH-INTENSITY INDUCTION THERAPY COMBINING TOFACITINIB, RITUXIMAB, AND PLASMAPHERESIS IN RAPIDLY PROGRESSIVE INTERSTITIAL LUNG DISEASE ASSOCIATED WITH ANTI-MDA5 ANTIBODY POSITIVE DERMATOMYOSITIS

Author: T. Shirai, H. Sato, H. Fujii, and T. Ishii
Subjects: Rheumatology, Immunology, Immunology and Allergy, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Abstract: BackgroundRapidly progressive interstitial lung disease (RP-ILD) associated with anti-melanoma differentiation-associated protein 5 (MDA5) autoantibody (Ab) -positive dermatomyositis (DM) is one of the most life-threatening autoimmune conditions. The clinical course is very rapid, leading to death within three months after the onset of symptoms. Although triple therapy which consists of corticosteroids, cyclophosphamide, and tacrolimus has been considered as standard therapy and additional treatments including plasma exchange (PE) and rituximab (RTX) have been reported, the survival rate of patients with poor prognostic factors is still poor even if all of these treatments were applied. Recently, there exist increasing evidences regarding the efficacy of tofacitinib (TOF) in refractory DM. We have treated anti-MDA5Ab-positive RP-ILD with multiple poor prognostic factors with high-intensity induction therapy which combined triple therapy, PE, RTX, and TOF.ObjectivesThis study aimed to investigate the therapeutic efficacy of high-intensity induction therapy for patients with anti-MDA5Ab-positive RP-ILD with multiple poor prognostic factors.Methods31 patients who were diagnosed with anti-MDA5Ab-positive DM during 2014 to 2021 in our institution were included in this study. The clinical characteristics for poor prognosis were retrospectively analyzed, and the outcomes of high-intensity induction therapy were analyzed for the survival and adverse events.Results17 cases were treated before the introduction of TOF. Although triple therapy with RTX, PE, or intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) were used, eight out of 10 RP-ILD cases with a ferritin level >400 ng/mL (range, 402.5-5,831; mean, 2,342 ± 2,069) died in median 2.5 months. Poor prognosis was predicted by followings; elevated levels of serum ferritin, lactate dehydrogenase, transaminases, creatinine phosphokinase, and C-reactive protein; decrease in platelets, serum albumin, and oxygen saturation; use of oxygen; higher age; shorter disease duration to admission. The addition of RTX and PE was not enough to control RP-ILD in anti-MDA5Ab positive DM, and prevention of the initial exacerbation of ILD following induction therapy was considered to be important. Based on these observations, high-intensity induction therapy was consisted as follows; triple therapy with decreasing the dose of methylprednisolone by half from 1g to 1 mg/kg, liposteroid to suppress macrophage activity, TOF, PE, and RTX. High-intensity induction therapy was applied in eight patients (ferritin levels; range, 412.2-7,095 ng/mL; mean, 3,558±3,152 ng/mL) with multiple poor prognostic factors described above. Although deaths at two months and eight months due to ILD were observed, significant improvement of survival was documented (Figure 1). Two patients in whom RTX was not initially administered, exacerbation of ILD was observed one month later, which prompted the use of RTX. Several adverse events were observed in high-intensity induction therapy. The most common events were reactivation of cytomegalovirus, meanwhile herpes zoster was not documented. Sustained leukocytopenia and thrombocytopenia were observed in three patients, and two patients developed thrombotic microangiopathy which led to the discontinuation of tacrolimus. Fungal infections in lung were also documented. These adverse events were controllable.Figure 1.ConclusionSignificant improvement of survival was observed in patients treated with high-intensity induction therapy. Meanwhile, stratification of patients for poor prognosis would be important.ReferencesNoneDisclosure of InterestsNone declared
Published: 2022

13. Quantifying duration of proteinuria remission and association with clinical outcome in IgA nephropathy

Author: Canney, M. Barbour, S.J. Zheng, Y. Coppo, R. Zhang, H. Liu, Z.-H. Matsuzaki, K. Suzuki, Y. Katafuchi, R. Reich, H.N. Cattran, D. Russo, M.L. Troyanov, S. Cook, H.T. Roberts, I. Tesar, V. Maixnerova, D. Lundberg, S. Gesualdo, L. Emma, F. Fuiano, L. Beltrame, G. Rollino, C. Amore, A. Camilla, R. Peruzzi, L. Praga, M. Feriozzi, S. Polci, R. Segoloni, G. Colla, L. Pani, A. Piras, D. Angioi, A. Cancarini, G. Ravera, S. Durlik, M. Moggia, E. Ballarin, J. Di Giulio, S. Pugliese, F. Serriello, I. Caliskan, Y. Sever, M. Kilicaslan, I. Locatelli, F. Del Vecchio, L. Wetzels, J.F.M. Peters, H. Berg, U. Carvalho, F. da Costa Ferreira, A.C. Maggio, M. Wiecek, A. Ots-Rosenberg, M. Magistroni, R. Topaloglu, R. Bilginer, Y. D'Amico, M. Stangou, M. Giacchino, F. Goumenos, D. Kalliakmani, P. Gerolymos, M. Galesic, K. Geddes, C. Siamopoulos, K. Balafa, O. Galliani, M. Stratta, P. Quaglia, M. Bergia, R. Cravero, R. Salvadori, M. Cirami, L. Fellstrom, B. Kloster Smerud, H. Ferrario, F. Stellato, T. Egido, J. Martin, C. Floege, J. Eitner, F. Lupo, A. Bernich, P. Menè, P. Morosetti, M. van Kooten, C. Rabelink, T. Reinders, M.E.J. Boria Grinyo, J.M. Cusinato, S. Benozzi, L. Savoldi, S. Licata, C. Mizerska-Wasiak, M. Martina, G. Messuerotti, A. Dal Canton, A. Esposito, C. Migotto, C. Triolo, G. Mariano, F. Pozzi, C. Boero, R. Bellur, S. Mazzucco, G. Giannakakis, C. Honsova, E. Sundelin, B. Di Palma, A.M. Gutiérrez, E. Asunis, A.M. Barratt, J. Tardanico, R. Perkowska-Ptasinska, A. Arce Terroba, J. Fortunato, M. Pantzaki, A. Ozluk, Y. Steenbergen, E. Soderberg, M. Riispere, Z. Furci, L. Orhan, D. Kipgen, D. Casartelli, D. Galesic Ljubanovic, D. Gakiopoulou, H. Bertoni, E. Cannata Ortiz, P. Karkoszka, H. Groene, H.J. Stoppacciaro, A. Bajema, I. Bruijn, J. Fulladosa Oliveras, X. Maldyk, J. Ioachim, E. Bavbek, N. Cook, T. Alpers, C. Feehally, J. Berthoux, F. Bonsib, S. D'Agati, V. D'Amico, G. Emancipator, S. Emmal, F. Fervenza, F. Florquin, S. Fogo, A. Groene, H. Haas, M. Hill, P. Hogg, R. Hsu, S. Hunley, T. Hladunewich Jennette, C. Joh, K. Julian, B. Kawamura, T. Lai, F. Leung, C. Li, L. Li, P. Liu, Z. Massat, A. Mackinnon, B. Mezzano, S. Schena, F. Tomino, Y. Walker, P. Wang, H. Weening, J. Yoshikawa, N. Zeng, C.-H. Shi, S. Nogi, C. Suzuki, H. Koike, K. Hirano, K. Yokoo, T. Hanai, M. Fukami, K. Takahashi, K. Yuzawa, Y. Niwa, M. Yasuda, Y. Maruyama, S. Ichikawa, D. Suzuki, T. Shirai, S. Fukuda, A. Fujimoto, S. Trimarchi, H. International IgA Nephropathy Network
Abstract: Background On the basis of findings of observational studies and a meta-analysis, proteinuria reduction has been proposed as a surrogate outcome in IgA nephropathy. How long a reduction in proteinuria needs to be maintained to mitigate the long-term risk of disease progression is unknown. Methods In this retrospective multiethnic cohort of adult patients with IgA nephropathy, we defined proteinuria remission as a $25% reduction in proteinuria from the peak value after biopsy, and an absolute reduction in proteinuria to,1 g/d. The exposure of interest was the total duration of first remission, treated as a time-varying covariate using longitudinal proteinuria measurements. We used time-dependent Cox proportional hazards regression models to quantify the association between the duration of remission and the primary outcome (ESKD or a 50% reduction in eGFR). Results During a median follow-up of 3.9 years, 274 of 1864 patients (14.7%) experienced the primary outcome. The relationship between duration of proteinuria remission and outcome was nonlinear. Each 3 months in sustained remission up to approximately 4 years was associated with an additional 9% reduction in the risk of disease progression (hazard ratio [HR], 0.91; 95% confidence interval [95% CI], 0.89 to 0.93). Thereafter, each additional 3 months in remission was associated with a smaller, nonsignificant risk reduction (HR, 0.99; 95% CI, 0.96 to 1.03). These findings were robust to multivariable adjustment and consistent across clinical and histologic subgroups. Conclusions Our findings support the use of proteinuria as a surrogate outcome in IgA nephropathy, but additionally demonstrate the value of quantifying the duration of proteinuria remission when estimating the risk of hard clinical endpoints. Copyright © 2021 by the American Society of Nephrology.
Published: 2021

14. A decadal inversion of CO

Author: T, Shirai, M, Ishizawa, R, Zhuravlev, A, Ganshin, D, Belikov, M, Saito, T, Oda, V, Valsala, A J, Gomez-Pelaez, R, Langenfelds, and S, Maksyutov
Subjects: Article
Abstract: We present an assimilation system for atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO(2)) using a Global Eulerian-Lagrangian Coupled Atmospheric model (GELCA), and demonstrate its capability to capture the observed atmospheric CO(2) mixing ratios and to estimate CO(2) fluxes. With the efficient data handling scheme in GELCA, our system assimilates non-smoothed CO(2) data from observational data products such as the Observation Package (ObsPack) data products as constraints on surface fluxes. We conducted sensitivity tests to examine the impact of the site selections and the prior uncertainty settings of observation on the inversion results. For these sensitivity tests, we made five different site/data selections from the ObsPack product. In all cases, the time series of the global net CO(2) flux to the atmosphere stayed close to values calculated from the growth rate of the observed global mean atmospheric CO(2) mixing ratio. At regional scales, estimated seasonal CO(2) fluxes were altered, depending on the CO(2) data selected for assimilation. Uncertainty reductions (URs) were determined at the regional scale and compared among cases. As measures of the model-data mismatch, we used the model-data bias, root-mean-square error, and the linear correlation. For most observation sites, the model-data mismatch was reasonably small. Regarding regional flux estimates, tropical Asia was one of the regions that showed a significant impact from the observation network settings. We found that the surface fluxes in tropical Asia were the most sensitive to the use of aircraft measurements over the Pacific, and the seasonal cycle agreed better with the results of bottom-up studies when the aircraft measurements were assimilated. These results confirm the importance of these aircraft observations, especially for constraining surface fluxes in the tropics.
Published: 2020

15. Secondary electron emission measurement from Cr and Cu bombarded by an Ne10+ beam at 6 MeV/n

Author: T Shirai, K. Noda, Yoshinori Hashimoto, A Higashi, and D. Ohsawa
Subjects: Physics, Secondary emission, General Physics and Astronomy, Atomic physics, Beam (structure)
Abstract: Backward secondary-electron-emission yield ($\delta$) from plates of 0.1 mm-thick Cu and 1 mm Cr and Al have been measured by irradiation of a fully stripped Ne$^{10+}$ beam at 6 MeV/$n$ stopped within each plate. A difference between $\delta$s from Cr and Cu larger than the ambiguity of this measurement ($\pm$3%) has been observed, with the discrepancy of the predicted small difference by kinetic emission based on stopping power and work function of each metal. The measured $\delta$ from Cr is larger than that from Cu, and also than previous measurements of other transition metals of the 3$d$ series, not only for the process of potential emission but also for kinetic. The conduction-electron density of states around the Fermi level calculated for the metals shows that the number of electrons just below the Fermi level and excited over it to an empty level by many kinds of reaction with the beam irradiation has to be considered. The number involved in this emission from Cr thus seems to be much larger than from Cu, which explains the relation of magnitudes for $\delta$. The measured $\delta$ from Al is larger than previous results, but is still consistent due to the existence of Al$_2$O$_3$ on the Al.
Published: 2020

16. Risk profiles and one-year outcomes of patients with newly diagnosed atrial fibrillation in India: Insights from the GARFIELD-AF Registry

Author: Jitendra PS. Sawhney, Veerappa A. Kothiwale, Vikas Bisne, Rajashekhar Durgaprasad, Praveen Jadhav, Manoj Chopda, Velam Vanajakshamma, Ramdhan Meena, Govindan Vijayaraghavan, Kamaldeep Chawla, Jagan Allu, Karen S. Pieper, A. John Camm, Ajay K. Kakkar, Jean-Pierre Bassand, David A. Fitzmaurice, Samuel Z. Goldhaber, Shinya Goto, Sylvia Haas, Werner Hacke, Lorenzo G. Mantovani, Frank Misselwitz, Alexander G.G. Turpie, Martin van Eickels, Freek W.A. Verheugt, Gloria Kayani, Keith A.A. Fox, Bernard J. Gersh, Hector Lucas Luciardi, Harry Gibbs, Marianne Brodmann, Frank Cools, Antonio Carlos Pereira Barretto, Stuart J. Connolly, Alex Spyropoulos, John Eikelboom, Ramon Corbalan, Dayi Hu, Petr Jansky, Jørn Dalsgaard Nielsen, Hany Ragy, Pekka Raatikainen, Jean-Yves Le Heuzey, Harald Darius, Matyas Keltai, Sanjay Kakkar, Jitendra Pal Singh Sawhney, Giancarlo Agnelli, Giuseppe Ambrosio, Yukihiro Koretsune, Carlos Jerjes Sánchez Díaz, Hugo Ten Cate, Dan Atar, Janina Stepinska, Elizaveta Panchenko, Toon Wei Lim, Barry Jacobson, Seil Oh, Xavier Viñolas, Marten Rosenqvist, Jan Steffel, Pantep Angchaisuksiri, Ali Oto, Alex Parkhomenko, Wael Al Mahmeed, David Fitzmaurice, D.Y. Hu, K.N. Chen, Y.S. Zhao, H.Q. Zhang, J.Z. Chen, S.P. Cao, D.W. Wang, Y.J. Yang, W.H. Li, Y.H. Yin, G.Z. Tao, P. Yang, Y.M. Chen, S.H. He, Ying Wang, Yong Wang, G.S. Fu, X. Li, T.G. Wu, X.S. Cheng, X.W. Yan, R.P. Zhao, M.S. Chen, L.G. Xiong, P. Chen, Y. Jiao, Y. Guo, L. Xue, F.Z. Wang, H. Li, Z.M. Yang, C.L. Bai, J. Chen, J.Y. Chen, X. Chen, S. Feng, Q.H. Fu, X.J. Gao, W.N. Guo, R.H. He, X.A. He, X.S. Hu, X.F. Huang, B. Li, J. Li, L. Li, Y.H. Li, T.T. Liu, W.L. Liu, Y.Y. Liu, Z.C. Lu, X.L. Luo, T.Y. Ma, J.Q. Peng, X. Sheng, X.J. Shi, Y.H. Sun, G. Tian, K. Wang, L. Wang, R.N. Wu, Q. Xie, R.Y. Xu, J.S. Yang, L.L. Yang, Q. Yang, Y. Ye, H.Y. Yu, J.H. Yu, T. Yu, H. Zhai, Q. Zhan, G.S. Zhang, Q. Zhang, R. Zhang, Y. Zhang, W.Y. Zheng, B. Zhou, Z.H. Zhou, X.Y. Zhu, S. Kakkar, J.P.S. Sawhney, P. Jadhav, R. Durgaprasad, A.G. Ravi Shankar, R.K. Rajput, K. Bhargava, R. Sarma, A. Srinivas, D. Roy, U.M. Nagamalesh, M. Chopda, R. Kishore, G. Kulkarni, P. Chandwani, R.A. Pothiwala, M. Padinhare Purayil, S. Shah, K. Chawla, V.A. Kothiwale, B. Raghuraman, G. Vijayaraghavan, V.M. Vijan, G. Bantwal, V. Bisne, A. Khan, J.B. Gupta, S. Kumar, D. Jain, S. Abraham, D. Adak, A. Barai, H. Begum, P. Bhattacharjee, M. Dargude, D. Davies, B. Deshpande, P. Dhakrao, V. Dhyani, S. Duhan, M. Earath, A. Ganatra, S. Giradkar, V. Jain, R. Karthikeyan, L. Kasala, S. Kaur, S. Krishnappa, A. Lawande, B. Lokesh, N. Madarkar, R. Meena, P. More, D. Naik, K. Prashanth, M. Rao, N.M. Rao, N. Sadhu, D. Shah, M. Sharma, P. Shiva, S. Singhal, S. Suresh, V. Vanajakshamma, S.G. Panse, Y. Koretsune, S. Kanamori, K. Yamamoto, K. Kumagai, Y. Katsuda, K. Sadamatsu, F. Toyota, Y. Mizuno, I. Misumi, H. Noguchi, S. Ando, T. Suetsugu, M. Minamoto, Hiroshi Oda, K. Shiraishi, S. Adachi, K. Chiba, H. Norita, M. Tsuruta, T. Koyanagi, H. Ando, T. Higashi, K. Okada, S. Azakami, S. Komaki, K. Kumeda, T. Murayama, J. Matsumura, Y. Oba, R. Sonoda, K. Goto, K. Minoda, Y. Haraguchi, H. Suefuji, H. Miyagi, H. Kato, Tadashi Nakamura, Tsugihiro Nakamura, H. Nandate, R. Zaitsu, Yoshihisa Fujiura, A. Yoshimura, H. Numata, J. Ogawa, H. Tatematsu, Y. Kamogawa, K. Murakami, Y. Wakasa, M. Yamasawa, H. Maekawa, S. Abe, H. Kihara, S. Tsunoda, Katsumi Saito, Kazuyuki Saito, T. Fudo, K. Obunai, H. Tachibana, I. Oba, T. Kuwahata, S. Higa, M. Gushiken, T. Eto, H. Yoshida, D. Ikeda, Yoshitake Fujiura, M. Ishizawa, M. Nakatsuka, K. Murata, C. Ogurusu, M. Shimoyama, M. Akutsu, I. Takamura, F. Hoshino, N. Yokota, T. Iwao, K. Tsuchida, M. Takeuchi, Y. Hatori, Y. Kitami, Yoichi Nakamura, R. Oyama, M. Ageta, Hiroyuki Oda, Y. Go, K. Mishima, T. Unoki, S. Morii, Yuhei Shiga, H. Sumi, T. Nagatomo, K. Sanno, K. Fujisawa, Y. Atsuchi, T. Nagoshi, T. Seto, T. Tabuchi, M. Kameko, K. Nii, K. Oshiro, H. Takezawa, S. Nagano, N. Miyamoto, M. Iwaki, Yuichiro Nakamura, M. Fujii, M. Okawa, Masahiko Abe, Masatake Abe, Mitsunori Abe, T. Saito, T. Mito, K. Nagao, J. Minami, T. Mita, I. Sakuma, T. Taguchi, S. Marusaki, H. Doi, M. Tanaka, T. Fujito, M. Matsuta, T. Kusumoto, S. Kakinoki, K. Ashida, N. Yoshizawa, J. Agata, O. Arasaki, M. Manita, M. Ikemura, S. Fukuoka, H. Murakami, S. Matsukawa, Y. Hata, T. Taniguchi, T. Ko, H. Kubo, M. Imamaki, M. Akiyama, M. Inagaki, H. Odakura, T. Ueda, Y. Katsube, A. Nakata, H. Watanabe, M. Techigawara, M. Igarashi, K. Taga, T. Kimura, S. Tomimoto, M. Shibuya, M. Nakano, K. Ito, T. Seo, S. Hiramitsu, H. Hosokawa, M. Hoshiai, M. Hibino, K. Miyagawa, Hajime Horie, N. Sugishita, Yukio Shiga, A. Soma, K. Neya, Tetsuro Yoshida, Tomoki Yoshida, M. Mizuguchi, M. Ishiguro, T. Minagawa, M. Wada, H. Mukawa, F. Okuda, S. Nagasaka, Y. Abe, Sen Adachi, Susumu Adachi, T. Adachi, K. Akahane, T. Amano, K. Aoki, T. Aoyama, H. Arai, S. Arima, T. Arino, H. Asano, T. Asano, J. Azuma, T. Baba, T. Betsuyaku, H. Chibana, H. Date, J. Doiuchi, Y. Emura, M. Endo, Y. Fujii, R. Fujiki, A. Fujisawa, Y. Fujisawa, T. Fukuda, T. Fukui, N. Furukawa, T. Furukawa, W. Furumoto, T. Goto, M. Hamaoka, N. Hanazono, K. Hasegawa, T. Hatsuno, Y. Hayashi, K. Higuchi, K. Hirasawa, H. Hirayama, M. Hirose, S. Hirota, M. Honda, Hideki Horie, T. Ido, O. Iiji, H. Ikeda, K. Ikeda, K. Ikeoka, M. Imaizumi, H. Inaba, T. Inoue, F. Iseki, A. Ishihara, N. Ishioka, N. Ito, T. Iwase, H. Kakuda, J. Kamata, H. Kanai, H. Kanda, M. Kaneko, H. Kano, T. Kasai, T. Kato, Y. Kato, Y. Kawada, K. Kawai, K. Kawakami, S. Kawakami, T. Kawamoto, S. Kawano, J. Kim, T. Kira, H. 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A., Andersson, A., Malmqvist, L., Martinsson, B., Bernsten, F., Engdahl, J., Thulin, J., Hot-Bjelac, A., Stalby, P., Aaröe, H., Ahbeck, E., Ahlmark, H., Al-Khalili, F., Bonkowski, G., Dzeletovic, S., Ekstrand, A. -B., Eriksson, G. -B., Floren, K., Grässjö, C., Hahn, S., Jaensson, P., Jansson, B., Jansson, J. -H., Kangert, R. -M., Koch, A., Kusiak, D., Lettenström, A., Lindberg, A., Lindholm, C. -J., Mannermyr, A., Mansson, K., Millborg, M., Nilsson, C., Ohlin, A. -M., Olofsson, A., Osberg, A., Pedersen, A., Risbecker, K., Rosenberg, K., Samuelsson, J., Shayesteh, M., Skoglund, K., Stjernberg, M., Thorsen, C., Steffel, J., Beer, J. H., Debrunner, J., Amstutz, D., Bruegger, J., Elise, G., Grau, A., Guinand, A., Henriette, I., Saga, E., Winnik, S., Parkhomenko, A., Rudyk, I., Tseluyko, V., Karpenko, O., Zhurba, S., Kraiz, I., Kupnovytska, I., Serediuk, N., Mostovoy, Y., Ushakov, O., Koval, O., Kovalskyi, I., Svyshchenko, Y., Sychov, O., Stanislavchuk, M., Kraydashenko, O., Yagensky, A., Tykhonova, S., Fushtey, I., Belegai, R., Berko, G., Burdeuna, L., Chabanna, O., Daniuk, I., Ivanov, A., Kamenska, E., Kaplan, P., Khyzhnyak, O., Kizim, S., Matova, O., Medentseva, O., Mochonyi, V., Mospan, M., Nemtsova, V., Ovdiienko, T., Palamarchuk, O., Pavelko, M., Petrovskyy, R., Plevak, D., Proshak, O., Pyvovar, S., Rasputina, L., Romanenko, O., Romanova, O., Sapatyi, A., Shumakov, O., Stets, R., Todoriuk, L., Varenov, V., Fitzmaurice, D., Chauhan, N., Goodwin, D., Saunders, P., Evans, R., Leese, J., Jhittay, P. S., Ross, A., Kainth, M. S., Pickavance, G., Mcdonnell, J., Williams, A., Gooding, T., Wagner, H., Suryani, S., Singal, A., Sircar, S., Bilas, R., Hutchinson, P., Wakeman, A., Stokes, M., Paul, N., Aziz, M., Ramesh, C., Wilson, P., Franklin, S., Fairhead, S., Thompson, J., St Joseph, V., Taylor, G., Tragen, D., Seamark, D., Paul, C., Richardson, M., Jefferies, A., Sharp, H., Jones, H., Giles, C., Page, M., Oginni, O., Aldegather, J., Wetherwell, S., Lumb, W., Evans, P., Scouller, F., Macey, N., Stipp, Y., West, R., Thurston, S., Wadeson, P., Matthews, J., Pandya, P., Gallagher, A., Railton, T., Sinha, B., Russell, D., Davies, J. A., Ainsworth, P., Jones, C. P., Weeks, P., Eden, J., Kernick, D., Murdoch, W., Lumley, L., Patel, R. P., Wong, S. W., Saigol, M., Ladha, K., Douglas, K., Cumberlidge, D. F., Bradshaw, C., Van Zon, G., Jones, K. P., Thomas, M. J., Watson, E., Sarai, B., Ahmad, N., Willcock, W., Cairns, J., Sathananthan, S., de Kare-Silver, N., Gilliland, A., Strieder, E., Howitt, A., Vishwanathan, B., Bird, N., Gray, D., Clark, M., Bisatt, J., Litchfield, J., Fisher, E., Fooks, T., Kelsall, A. R., Alborough, E., Wakeling, J., Parfitt, M., Milne, K., Rogers, S., Priyadharshan, R., Oliver, J. L., Davies, E., Abushal, S., Jacobs, M., Hutton, C., Walls, N. I., Thompson, R., Chigbo, C., Zaidi, S. M. A., Howard, M., Butter, K. C., Barrow, S., Little, H., Haq, I. U., Gibbons, L., Glencross, S., Mcleod, A. J., Poland, K., Mulholland, C., Warke, A., Conn, P., Burns, G., Smith, R. N., Lowe, S., Kamath, R., Dau, H. S., Webster, J., Hodgins, I., Vercoe, S., Roome, P. C., Pinnock, H., Patel, J. R. A., Ali, A., Hart, N., Davies, R., Stuart, E., Neden, C. A., Danielsen, M., Heath, R., Sharma, P., Galloway, S., Hawkins, C., Oliver, R., Aylward, M., Mannion, S., Braddick, M., Edwards, D., Rothwell, A. C., Sabir, A., Choudhary, F., Khalaque, S., Wilson, A., Peters, S., Coulson, W., Roberts, N., Heer, A., Coates, S., Ward, B., Jackson, D., Walton, S., Shepherd, D., Sterry, M., Wong, T., Boon, M., Bunney, R., Haria-Shah, R., Baron, R. T., Davies, S., Schatzberger, T., Hargreaves, N., Stephenson, T., Choi, H., Batson, R., Lucraft, L., Myhill, T., Estifano, S., Geatch, D., Wilkinson, J., Veale, R., Forshaw, K., Davies, T., Zaman, K., Vinson, P., Liley, C., Bandrapalli, M., Mcginty, P., Wastling, R., Mceleny, P., Beattie, A., Cooke, P., Wong, M., Gunasegaram, J., Pugsley, M., Ahmad, S., A'Court, C., Ayers, J., Bennett, J., Cartwright, S., Dobson, S., Dooldeniya, C., Flynn, A., Fox, R., Goram, J., Halpin, A., Hay, A., Jacobs, P., Jeffers, L., Lomax, L., Munro, I., Muvva, R., Nadaph, M., Powell, K., Randfield, S., Redpath, D., Reed, R., Rickenbach, M., Rogers, G., Saunders, P. B., Seamark, C., Shewring, J., Simmons, P., Simper, H., Stoddart, H., Sword, A., Thomas, N., Thomson, A., Gibbs, H., Blenkhorn, A., Singh, B., Van Gaal, W., Abhayaratna, W., Lehman, R., Roberts-Thomson, P., Kilian, J., Coulshed, D., Catanchin, A., Colquhoun, D., Kiat, H., Eccleston, D., French, J., Zimmett, L., Ayres, B., Phan, T., Blombery, P., Crimmins, D., O'Donnell, D., Choi, A., Astridge, P., Arstall, M., Jepson, N., Binnekamp, M., Lee, A., Rogers, J., Starmer, G., Carroll, P., Faunt, J., Aggarwala, A., Barry, L., Batta, C., Beveridge, R., Black, A., Bonner, M., Boys, J., Buckley, E., Campo, M., Carlton, L., Connelly, A., Conway, B., Cresp, D., Dimitri, H., Dixon, S., Dolman, M., Duroux, M., Eskandari, M., Eslick, R., Ferreira-Jardim, A., Fetahovic, T., Fitzpatrick, D., Geraghty, R., Gibbs, J., Grabek, T., Modi, M. H., Hayes, K., Hegde, M. P., Hesketh, L., Hoffmann, B., Jacobson, B., Johnson, K., Juergens, C., Kassam, I., Lawlor, V., Lehman, M., Lehman, S., Leung, D., Mackay, S., Mackenzie, M., Mccarthy, C., Mcintosh, C., Mckeon, L., Morrison, H., Mussap, C., Myers, J. -D., Nagalingam, V., Oldfield, G., O'May, V., Palmer, J., Parsons, L., Patching, K., Patching, T., Paul, V., Plotz, M., Preston, S., Rashad, H., Ratcliffe, M., Raynes, S., Rose, J., Sanders, L., Seremetkoska, M., Setio, H., Shone, S., Shrestha, P., Singh, C., Singleton, C., Stoyanov, N., Sutcliffe, S., Swaraj, K., Tarrant, J., Thompson, S., Tsay, I. M., Vorster, M., Waldman, A., Wallis, L., Wilford, E., Wong, K., Connolly, S. J., Spyropoulos, A., Eikelboom, J., Luton, R., Gupta, M., Pandey, A. S., Cheung, S., Leader, R., Beaudry, P., Ayala-Paredes, F., Berlingieri, J., Heath, J., Poirier, G., Du Preez, M., Nadeau, R., Dresser, G., Dhillon, R., Hruczkowski, T., Schweitzer, B., Coutu, B., Angaran, P., Macdonald, P., Vizel, S., Fikry, S., Parkash, R., Lavoie, A., Cha, J., Ramjattan, B., Bonet, J., Ahmad, K., Aro, L., Aves, T., Beaudry, K., Bergeron, C., Bigcanoe, J., Bignell, N., Breakwell, L., Burke, E., Carroll, L., Clarke, B., Cleveland, T., Daheb, S., Dehghani, P., Denis, I., Djaidani, Z., Dorian, P., Douglass, S., Dunnigan, J., Ewert, A., Farquhar, D., Fearon, A., Ferleyko, L., Fournier, D., Fox, B., Grenier, M. -C., Gulliver, W., Haveman, K., Hines, C., Hines, K., Jackson, A. M., Jean, C., Jethoo, G., Kahlon, R., Kelly, S., Kim, R., Korley, V., Kornder, J., Kwan, L., Largy, J., Lewis, C., Lewis, S., Mangat, I., Moor, R., Navratil, J., Neas, I., Otis, J., Otis, R., Pandey, M., Petrie, F., Pinter, A., Raines, M., Roberts, P., Robinson, M., Sas, G., Schulman, S., Snell, L., Spearson, S., Stevenson, J., Trahey, T., Wong, S., Wright, D., Ragy, H., Abd El-Aziz, A., Abou Seif, S. K., El Din, M. G., El Etriby, S., Elbahry, A., El-Etreby, A., Elkhadem, M., Katta, A., Khairy, T., Mowafy, A., Nawar, M., Ohanissian, A., Reda, A., Reda, M., Salem, H., Sami, N., Samir, S., Setiha, M., Sobhy, M., Soliman, A., Taha, N., Tawfik, M., Zaatout, E., Kettles, D., Bayat, J., Siebert, H., Horak, A., Kelfkens, Y., Garda, R., Pillay, T., Guerra, M., van Zyl, L., Theron, H., Murray, A., Louw, R., Greyling, D., Mntla, P., Ueckermann, V., Loghdey, R., Ismail, S., Ahmed, F., Engelbrecht, J., Ramdass, A., Maharajh, S., Oosthuysen, W., Angel, G., Bester, C., Booysen, M., Boshoff, C., Cannon, C., Cassimjee, S., Chami, C., Conway, G., Davids, A., de Meyer, L., Du Plessis, G., Ellis, T., Henley, L., Karsten, M., Loyd, E., Marks, J., Mavhusa, L., Mostert, M., Page, A., Rikhotso, L., Salie, M., Sasto, J., Shaik, F., Skein, A., Smith, L., Tarr, G., Tau, T., van Zyl, F., Al Mahmeed, W., Yousef, G., Agrawal, A., Nathani, M., Ibrahim, M., Esheiba, E. M., Singh, R., Naguib, A., Abu-Mahfouz, M., Al Omairi, M., Al Naeemi, A., Maruthanayagam, R., Bazargani, N., Wassef, A., Gupta, R., Khan, M., Subbaraman, B., Abdul, A., Al Mulla, A., El Bardisy, S., Haridas, P., Jadhav, S., Magdaluyo, K., Makdad, M., Maqsood, I., Mohamed, R., Sharma, N., Sharma, R., Thanzeel, M., Goldhaber, S. Z., Canosa, R., Rama, P., Blumberg, E., Garcia, J., Mullen, P., Wilson, V., Quick, A., Ferrick, K., Kutayli, W. M., Cox, M., Franco, M., Falkowski, S., Mendelson, R., Williams, M., Miller, S., Beach, S., Alfieri, A., Gutowski, T., Haque, I., Reddy, R., Ahmed, W., Delafontaine, P., Diercks, D., Theodoro, D., Remmel, K., Alberts, M., Ison, R., Noveck, H., Duffy, P., Pitta, S., Nishijima, D., Treasure, C., Asafu-Adjaye, N., Ball, K., Bartlett, M., Bentley, M., Bowers, S., Brown, A., Browne, A., Cameron-Watts, J., Canova, M., Cassidy, D., Cervellione, K., Congal, S., Depauw, J., Dickerson, A., Eley, M., Evans, L., Felpel, S., Ferdinand, K., Fielder, D., Gentry, P., Haideri, A., Hakimi, F., Harbour, T., Hartranft, E., Hawkins, B., Headlee, M., Henson, L., Herrick, C., Hicks, T., Jasinski, S., Jones, A., Jones, L., Jones, P., Karl, S., Keeling, M., Kerr, J., Knowles, P., Langdon, J., Lay, M., Lee, J. A., Lincoln, T., Malone, E., Merliss, A., Merritt, D., Minardo, J., Mooso, B., Orosco, C., Palumbo, V., Parker, M., Parrott, T., Paserchia, S., Pearl, G., Peterson, J., Pickelsimer, N., Purcell, T., Raynor, J., Raziano, S., Richard, C., Richardson, T., Robertson, C., Sage, A., Sanghera, T., Shaw, P., Shoemaker, J., Smith, K., Stephanie, B., Thatcher, A., Theobald, H., Thompson, N., Treasure, L., Tripti, T., Verdi, C., and Worthy, V.
Subjects: Registrie, Male, Time Factors, Anticoagulant therapy, Arrhythmia, Atrial fibrillation, GARFIELD-AF, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, Electrocardiography, 0302 clinical medicine, Risk Factors, Anticoagulant therapy, Arrhythmia, Atrial fibrillation, GARFIELD-AF, Aged, Atrial Fibrillation, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Humans, Incidence, India, Prevalence, Prognosis, Prospective Studies, Survival Rate, Thromboembolism, Registries, Risk Assessment, Medicine, 030212 general & internal medicine, Prospective cohort study, Incidence (epidemiology), cardiovascular system, medicine.symptom, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, Risk assessment, Human, medicine.medical_specialty, Time Factor, RD1-811, Prognosi, Follow-Up Studie, 03 medical and health sciences, Internal medicine, Diseases of the circulatory (Cardiovascular) system, cardiovascular diseases, Risk factor, Survival rate, Fibrillation, business.industry, Risk Factor, ta3121, medicine.disease, Clinical trial, Prospective Studie, RC666-701, Surgery, Clinical and Preventive Cardiology, business
Abstract: Background: The Global Anticoagulant Registry in the FIELD–Atrial Fibrillation (GARFIELD-AF) is an ongoing prospective noninterventional registry, which is providing important information on the baseline characteristics, treatment patterns, and 1-year outcomes in patients with newly diagnosed non-valvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF). This report describes data from Indian patients recruited in this registry. Methods and results: A total of 52,014 patients with newly diagnosed AF were enrolled globally; of these, 1388 patients were recruited from 26 sites within India (2012–2016). In India, the mean age was 65.8 years at diagnosis of NVAF. Hypertension was the most prevalent risk factor for AF, present in 68.5% of patients from India and in 76.3% of patients globally (P
Published: 2018

17. Ion-production efficiency of a singly charged ion source developed toward a

Author: K, Katagiri, T, Wakui, S, Hojo, A Yu, Boytsov, E D, Donets, E E, Donets, A Yu, Ramzdorf, A, Noda, T, Shirai, and K, Noda
Subjects: Radiochemistry, Neoplasms, Heavy Ion Radiotherapy, Carbon Radioisotopes, Equipment Design
Abstract: The ion-production efficiency of a newly developed singly charged ion source (SCIS) has been investigated to discuss the possibility of it being used in an isotope separation on-line system that provides
Published: 2019

18. Effects of Direct Switching Dual Bronchodilators Between Dry Powder and Soft Mist Inhalers in COPD Patients

Author: T. Shirai, T. Akamatsu, K. Tamura, T. Masuda, S. Takahashi, Y. Tanaka, Y. Kishimoto, K. Oishi, Y. Endo, M. Saigusa, A. Yamamoto, S. Morita, and K. Asada
Published: 2019

19. Singly charged ion source designed using three-dimensional particle-in-cell method

Author: Nobuyuki Miyahara, K. Noda, T. Shirai, A. Yu. Ramzdorf, Satoru Hojo, E. D. Donets, Akira Noda, E. E. Donets, T. Wakui, Ken Katagiri, and A. Yu. Boytsov
Subjects: 010302 applied physics, Materials science, chemistry.chemical_element, Electron, 01 natural sciences, Ion source, 010305 fluids & plasmas, Isotope separation, law.invention, Ion, chemistry, law, 0103 physical sciences, Particle-in-cell, Atomic physics, Instrumentation, Carbon, Beam (structure), Electron gun
Abstract: A singly charged ion source (SCIS) has been designed using a newly developed three-dimensional particle-in-cell (PIC) code. The SCIS is to be used in an isotope separation on-line (ISOL) system that provides 11C ions for heavy-ion cancer therapy with simultaneous verification of the dose distribution using positron emission tomography. The SCIS uses low-energy electron beams to produce singly charged carbon ions efficiently and maintain a high vacuum in the ISOL system. Because the SCIS has to realize a production efficiency of 1% if its carbon ions are to be used in the ISOL system, a suitable design for the SCIS was investigated by using the developed PIC code to study the beam trajectories of the electrons and extracted ions. The simulation results show that hollow electron beams are produced in the designed SCIS resulting in a high effective electron current. The results also predict that the designed SCIS would realize ion-production efficiencies (IPEs) of eSCIS ≃ 6.7% for CO2+ production from CO2 gas and eSCIS ≃ 0.1% for C+ production from CH4 gas. Moreover, to examine the validity of the developed code and confirm that the SCIS was able to be designed appropriately, the space-charge-limited current of the electron gun and the total IPE obtained by adding the IPEs of each ion were compared between the experiment and the simulation.
Published: 2018

20. Large XCH4 anomaly in summer 2013 over northeast Asia observed by GOSAT

Author: M. Ishizawa, O. Uchino, I. Morino, M. Inoue, Y. Yoshida, K. Mabuchi, T. Shirai, Y. Tohjima, S. Maksyutov, H. Ohyama, S. Kawakami, A. Takizawa, and D. Belikov
Subjects: lcsh:Chemistry, lcsh:QD1-999, lcsh:Physics, lcsh:QC1-999
Abstract: Extremely high levels of column-averaged dry-air mole fractions of atmospheric methane (XCH4) were detected in August and September 2013 over northeast Asia (∼ 20 ppb above the averaged summertime XCH4 over 2009–2012, after removing a long-term trend), as being retrieved from the Short-Wavelength InfraRed (SWIR) spectral data observed with the Thermal And Near-infrared Sensor for carbon Observation – Fourier Transform Spectrometer (TANSO-FTS) onboard Greenhouse Gases Observing Satellite (GOSAT). Similar enhancements of XCH4 were also observed by the ground-based measurements at two Total Carbon Column Observing Network (TCCON) sites in Japan. The analysis of surface CH4 concentrations observed at three monitoring sites around the Japan archipelago suggest that the extreme increase of XCH4 has occurred in a limited area. The model analysis was conducted to investigate this anomalously high XCH4 event, using an atmospheric transport model. The results indicate that the extreme increase of XCH4 is attributed to the anomalous atmospheric pressure pattern over East Asia during the summer of 2013, which effectively transported the CH4-rich air to Japan from the strong CH4 source areas in east China. The two Japanese TCCON sites, ∼ 1000 km east–west apart each other, coincidentally located along the substantially CH4-rich air flow from east China. This analysis demonstrates the capability of GOSAT to monitor an XCH4 event on a synoptic scale. We anticipate that the synoptic information of XCH4 from GOSAT data contributes to improve our understanding of regional carbon cycle and the regional flux estimation.
Published: 2016

21. DnB, the Database of Nymphalids in Brazil, with a Checklist for Standardized Species Lists

Author: Augusto Henrique Batista Rosa, Leila T. Shirai, Patrícia A. Machado, Luísa L. Mota, and André V. L. Freitas
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Ecology, Database, biology, Biodiversity, computer.software_genre, biology.organism_classification, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Nymphalidae, Checklist, Environmental niche modelling, 010602 entomology, Geography, Indicator species, Animal Science and Zoology, Taxonomy (biology), Species richness, computer, Sampling bias
Abstract: DnB (Database of nymphalids in Brazil) centralizes the state of the art of all Nymphalidae species lists ever reported in Brazil. Butterflies are diverse, ecologically relevant, charismatic, and are effective flagships and bioindicators for conservation. With about 850 described species in Brazil, Nymphalidae is the group with the most stable taxonomy among the three richest Neotropical butterfly families and are frequently used in several biological disciplines as a model system. This study was developed from the need of an up-to-date, curated, and throughout database of species occurrences, the first of its kind in this continental, heterogeneous, and highly diverse country. The data can be used as a starting point for several purposes, such as mapping the distribution of Brazilian nymphalids, producing regional species lists with information of their richness, estimating priority regions (due to species occurrence or lack of sampling) and niche modeling – see DnB tutorials. Using both coarse-grained and exhaustive search strategies, we compiled 489 studies (peer-reviewed or not), from which 357 had species lists and were thus catalogued in a user-friendly software. We provide a separate worksheet with 34 columns of additional information, to filter DnB by e.g. biome, urban sampling, collection method; or to assess the quality of studies. Descriptive analyses revealed, as commonly reported, sampling bias towards large urban centers and proximity to research institutions (Wallacean shortfall), as well as taxonomic (Linnaean) shortfall of biodiversity. Aiming to standardize the publication and peer-review of species lists, we suggest a protocol, or checklist, of all steps required to ensure the comparability and minimum quality of such publications. DnB is available at https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.2561408, with a translated version in Portuguese available at http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.2561417 and we aim to update and re-publish it every 10 years so we encourage authors to send corrections and new species lists, published in any media, to 2018dnb@gmail.com.
Published: 2019

22. Effects of Anisotropy Field and easy axis dispersions on square-ness ratio for HDDR-processed NdFeB powders

Author: F. Akagi, T. Shirai, and R. Kariya
Subjects: 010302 applied physics, 0103 physical sciences, 02 engineering and technology, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, 0210 nano-technology, 01 natural sciences
Published: 2018

23. Evaluation of the Interplanetary Magnetic Field Strength Using the Cosmic-Ray Shadow of the Sun

Author: T. Miyazaki, H. Nanjo, T. Shirai, Zicai Yang, J. Shao, Donghong Chen, Yoshihiko Nakamura, X. L. Qian, I. Ohta, Chihiro Kato, Labaciren, H. M. Zhang, X. X. Zhou, Jian Liu, Y. Yamamoto, H. H. He, Z. T. He, M. Ohnishi, H. Sugimoto, Zhenyong Feng, Liming Ding, K. Kasahara, M. Sakata, C. X. Liu, Q. B. Gou, Masato Takita, S. Udo, Shoji Torii, K. Kawata, M. Amenomori, Gui-Ming Le, T. L. Chen, Jing Huang, M. Shibata, Ying Zhang, S. W. Cui, K. Hibino, Jia Zhang, Haibing Hu, T. Yuda, Danzengluobu, Masaki Nishizawa, Wei Li, A. F. Yuan, N. Tateyama, C. F. Feng, Takashi Saito, Harufumi Tsuchiya, Huaguang Wang, T. Niwa, Y. Zhang, L. Xue, L. L. Jiang, Yi Zhang, Takashi Sako, Ang Li, Wei Chen, A. Shiomi, Masayoshi Kozai, Hong-peng Lu, Y. Q. Guo, Y. H. Tan, X. R. Meng, H. J. Li, Zhaxisangzhu, H. R. Wu, L. M. Zhai, X. B. Qu, Zhaoyang Feng, X. J. Bi, H. Y. Jia, Kazuoki Munakata, Hui Hu, N. Hotta, K. Mizutani, Y. Katayose, S. Ozawa, X. Y. Zhang, Minghui Liu, K. Yamauchi, To. Saito, F. Kajino, and T. Nakajima
Subjects: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP), Physics, Model prediction, Center (category theory), FOS: Physical sciences, General Physics and Astronomy, Cosmic ray, Astrophysics, Solar disk, 01 natural sciences, Space Physics (physics.space-ph), Magnetic field, Air shower, Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, Physics - Space Physics, Physics::Space Physics, 0103 physical sciences, Shadow, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Astrophysics::Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, Interplanetary magnetic field, 010306 general physics, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR), Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics
Abstract: We analyze the Sun's shadow observed with the Tibet-III air shower array and find that the shadow's center deviates northward (southward) from the optical solar disc center in the "Away" ("Toward") IMF sector. By comparing with numerical simulations based on the solar magnetic field model, we find that the average IMF strength in the "Away" ("Toward") sector is $1.54 \pm 0.21_{\rm stat} \pm 0.20_{\rm syst}$ ($1.62 \pm 0.15_{\rm stat} \pm 0.22_{\rm syst}$) times larger than the model prediction. These demonstrate that the observed Sun's shadow is a useful tool for the quantitative evaluation of the average solar magnetic field., 7 pages, 4 figures
Published: 2018

24. Influence of Earth-Directed Coronal Mass Ejections on the Sun's Shadow Observed by the Tibet-III Air Shower Array

Author: T. K. Sako, H. Nanjo, Zicai Yang, T. Shirai, N. Hotta, W. J. Li, M. Sakata, Gui-Ming Le, X. L. Qian, K. Kawata, Ang Li, Haibing Hu, J. S. Liu, H. Lu, H. B. Hu, X. B. Qu, Masayoshi Kozai, S. Ozawa, Harufumi Tsuchiya, Danzengluobu, Y. Zhang, L. Xue, K. Yamauchi, A. Shiomi, Q. B. Gou, Y. Katayose, Zhaxisangzhu, T. Miyazaki, H. H. He, H. M. Zhang, I. Ohta, Ying Zhang, Chihiro Kato, S. W. Cui, X. Y. Zhang, H. Sugimoto, Minghui Liu, Takeshi Saito, Z. T. He, Masaki Nishizawa, W. Y. Chen, C. X. Liu, X. X. Zho, M. Amenomori, L. M. Zhai, X. J. Bi, Labaciren, T. L. Chen, Kazuoki Munakata, Y. Nakamura, T. Niwa, K. Kasahara, Z. Y. Feng, Jing Huang, Y. Q. Guo, Yi Zhang, C. F. Feng, J. Shao, H. Y. Jia, H. J. Li, Donghong Chen, H. R. Wu, X. R. Meng, L. L. Jiang, S. A. F. Yuan, Masato Takita, K. Hibino, Zhaoyang Feng, F. Kajino, T. Nakajima, M. Shibata, Y. Yamamoto, M. Ohnishi, S. Udo, N. Tateyama, Takashi Saito, Huaguang Wang, L. K. Ding, Jia Zhang, Y. H. Tan, and Shoji Torii
Subjects: Sun: coronal mass ejections (CMEs), Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Monte Carlo method, FOS: Physical sciences, Astrophysics, magnetic fields, 01 natural sciences, cosmic rays, Sun: activity, 0103 physical sciences, Shadow, Coronal mass ejection, Astrophysics::Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, 010306 general physics, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Physics, High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), integumentary system, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Solar maximum, Air shower, Space and Planetary Science, Magnitude (astronomy), Physics::Space Physics, Solar rotation, Astrophysics::Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Intensity (heat transfer)
Abstract: 著者人数: The Tibet ASγ Collaboration 81名 (所属. 宇宙航空研究開発機構宇宙科学研究所(JAXA)(ISAS): 小財, 正義), Number of authors: The Tibet ASγ Collaboration 81 (Affiliation. Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency(JAXA)(ISAS): Kozai, Masayoshi), Accepted: 2018-05-03, 資料番号: SA1180049000
Published: 2018
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25. P-232PLEURAL CARBON DIOXIDE INSUFFLATION DURING THORACOSCOPIC SURGERY HELPS TO OBTAIN CLEAR THORACOSCOPIC ULTRASONOGRAPHY IMAGES OF SMALL LUNG NODULES: REPORT OF TWO CASES

Author: Takashi Nakayama, T Shirai, Masafumi Kawamura, Atsushi Yasuda, Hiroshi Kondo, Noriyuki Matsutani, and Hirofumi Uehara
Subjects: Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine, medicine.medical_specialty, Lung, medicine.anatomical_structure, business.industry, Medicine, Surgery, Radiology, Ultrasonography, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, business, Carbon dioxide insufflation
Published: 2017

26. Solar magnetic field strength and the 'Sun's Shadow'

Author: Masaki Nishizawa, C. F. Feng, L. L. Jiang, Zicai Yang, Danzengluobu, K. Mizutani, H. M. Zhang, X. X. Zhou, Chihiro Kato, W. J. Li, M. Amenomori, H. Sugimoto, T. Yuda, Zhaxisangzhu na, C. X. Liu, K. Hibino, Haibing Hu, X. L. Qian, Katsuaki Kasahara, J. Shao, Shunsuke Ozawa, H. Nanjo, L. Xue, Donghong Chen, Ying Zhang, Labaciren na, Y. Zhang, T. Shirai, S. W. Cui, Z. Y. Feng, I. Ohta, A. Shiomi, Yoshiaki Nakamura, T. Miyazaki, H. Y. Jia, Takeshi Saito, X. R. Meng, L. K. Ding, Zhaoyang Feng, Ang Li, Y. Q. Guo, Jian Huang, H. J. Li, Y. H. Tan, X. B. Qu, Takashi Saito, J. S. Liu, Huaguang Wang, H. R. Wu, Nigishi Hotta, L. M. Zhai, H. H. He, F. Kajino, W. Y. Chen, T. Nakajima, T. Niwa, Y. Yamamoto, M. Ohnishi, A. F. Yuan, Z. T. He, S. Udo, Kazuoki Munakata, T. L. Chen, X. J. Bi, Q. B. Gou, Masato Takita, T. Sasaki, Jia Zhang, S. Torii, M. Sakata, Gui-Ming Le, Hsiao-Chi Lu, M. Shibata, K. Kawata, H. B. Hu, Masayoshi Kozai, N. Tateyama, Harufumi Tsuchiya, Y. Nakamura, Y. Katayose, X. Y. Zhang, Minghui Liu, and K. Yamauchi
Subjects: Physics, Air shower, Angular displacement, Physics::Space Physics, Shadow, Astrophysics::Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, Field strength, Astrophysics::Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, Astrophysics, Interplanetary magnetic field, Intensity (heat transfer), Displacement (vector), Magnetic field
Abstract: The angular displacement of the center of the observed Sun's shadow from the center of the optical solar disc tells us the information of average solar magnetic field strength in the space between the Sun and the Earth. We analyze the displacement of the Sun's shadow observed in 5 ~ 240 TeV cosmic-ray intensity with the Tibet-III air shower array during 10 years between 2000 and 2009, and compare with the MC simulations based on the coronal magnetic field model and Parker's spiral interplanetary magnetic field model. We find that the observed North-South displacement is significantly larger than the prediction of simulations. This result uniquely suggests the underestimation of the average field strength between the Sun and the Earth in our model. In this work, we will report the actual solar magnetic field strength evaluated from the observed Sun's shadow.
Published: 2017

27. The Tibet AS+MD Project; status report 2017

Author: Jia Zhang, S. Torii, L. K. Ding, Y. Yamamoto, Zicai Yang, Katsuaki Kasahara, K. Mizutani, K. Hibino, Haibing Hu, W. J. Li, T. K. Sako, N. Hotta, X. R. Meng, M. Amenomori, W. Y. Chen, Ang Li, A. F. Yuan, Zhaoyang Feng, X. J. Bi, Chihiro Kato, T. Miyazaki, Y. Zhang, X. B. Qu, Yi Zhang, Danzengluobu, K. Yamauchi, Q. B. Gou, Masato Takita, A. Shiomi, C. X. Liu, Hsiao-Chi Lu, M. Sakata, Takashi Saito, Ying Zhang, S. W. Cui, H. M. Zhang, J. S. Liu, Takeshi Saito, X. X. Zhou, Zhaxisangzhu na, Gui-Ming Le, Huaguang Wang, H. Y. Jia, H. H. He, H. Sugimoto, J. Shao, L. M. Zhai, Z. Y. Feng, Minghui Liu, H. Nanjo, T. Shirai, M. Shibata, T. Niwa, Jian Huang, T. Yuda, M. Ohnishi, H. B. Hu, Masayoshi Kozai, S. Udo, F. Kajino, T. Ohta, T. Nakajima, Y. H. Tan, Y. Q. Guo, N. Tateyama, Donghong Chen, Harufumi Tsuchiya, H. J. Li, H. R. Wu, Shunsuke Ozawa, Z. T. He, K. Kawata, X. L. Qian, Kazuoki Munakata, L. Xue, Masaki Nishizawa, Y. Nakamura, C. F. Feng, L. L. Jiang, and Y. Katayose
Subjects: Physics, Muon, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Gamma ray, Counting Number, Status report, Galaxy, Nuclear physics, Air shower, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Event (particle physics), Muon detector
Abstract: We built a large (approximately 4,000 m**2) water Cherenkov- type muon detector array under the existing Tibet air shower array at 4,300 m above sea level, to observe 10-1000 TeV gamma rays from cosmic-ray accelerators in our Galaxy with wide field of view at very low background level. A gamma-ray induced air shower has significantly less muons compared with a cosmic-ray induced one. Therefore, we can effectively discriminate between primary gamma rays and cosmic-ray background events by means of counting number of muons in an air shower event by the muon detector array. We make a status report on the experiment.
Published: 2017

28. Interplanetary Coronal Mass Ejection and the Sun's Shadow Observed by the Tibet Air Shower Array

Author: H. Nanjo, M. Ohnishi, T. Shirai, S. Udo, Takeshi Saito, Ying Zhang, Kazumasa Kawata, S. W. Cui, L. M. Zhai, Donghong Chen, Jian Huang, F. Kajino, T. Nakajima, Yi Zhang, M. Shibata, H. B. Hu, C. F. Feng, Masayoshi Kozai, K. Kawata, Z. T. He, T. L. Chen, X. L. Qian, Ang Li, L. L. Jiang, Z. Y. Feng, X. J. Bi, K. Hibino, T. Yuda, Haibing Hu, X. B. Qu, Katsuaki Kasahara, Takashi Saito, Chihiro Kato, Y. Zhang, Huaguang Wang, A. Shiomi, Danzengluobu, C. X. Liu, K. Yamauchi, H. M. Zhang, L. Xue, X. X. Zhou, T. Niwa, H. Sugimoto, W. Y. Chen, M. Sakata, X. R. Meng, Zhaoyang Feng, Labaciren na, Yu Yamamoto, Gui-Ming Le, Zhaxisangzhu na, H. Y. Jia, Masaki Nishizawa, T. K. Sako, J. S. Liu, N. Tateyama, Harufumi Tsuchiya, I. Ohta, M. Amenomori, J. Shao, Y. Q. Guo, Y. Katayose, X. Y. Zhang, Minghui Liu, H. J. Li, H. R. Wu, Hsiao-Chi Lu, Nigishi Hotta, Zicai Yang, W. J. Li, K. Mizutani, Y. Nakamura, Q. B. Gou, Masato Takita, A. F. Yuan, Kazuoki Munakata, Jia Zhang, S. Torii, L. K. Ding, Shunsuke Ozawa, T. Miyazaki, Y. H. Tan, and H. H. He
Subjects: Physics, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Astrophysics, Solar maximum, Magnetic field, Interplanetary coronal mass ejection, Air shower, Physics::Space Physics, Shadow, Astrophysics::Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, Astrophysics::Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, Transit (astronomy), Variation (astronomy), Intensity (heat transfer)
Abstract: We continuously observed the Sun’s shadow in 3 TeV cosmic-ray intensity with the Tibet-III air shower array since 2000. We find a clear solar-cycle variation of the deficit intensity in the Sun’s shadow during the periods between 2000 and 2009. The MC simulation of the Sun’s shadow based on the coronal magnetic field model does not well reproduce the observed deficit intensity around the solar maximum. However, when we exclude the transit periods during ICMEs towards to the Earth, the MC simulation shows better reproducibility. In the present paper, we report on the MC simulation and the analysis method of the Sun’s shadow observed by the Tibet-III array.
Published: 2017

29. Measurement of high energy cosmic rays by the new Tibet hybrid experiment

Author: Labaciren na, Jian Huang, H. Y. Jia, Y. Katayose, M. Amenomori, H. B. Hu, Chihiro Kato, Masayoshi Kozai, Y. Q. Guo, C. X. Liu, H. J. Li, H. R. Wu, H. M. Zhang, X. X. Zhou, Masaki Nishizawa, X. L. Qian, H. Sugimoto, S. Ozawa, K. Mizutani, H. Nanjo, Huaguang Wang, Ying Zhang, Nigishi Hotta, T. Shirai, T. Yuda, Q. B. Gou, Masato Takita, M. Shibata, K. Hibino, M. Sakata, Zicai Yang, S. W. Cui, L. Xue, Haibing Hu, W. J. Li, I. Ohta, Gui-Ming Le, Y. Yamamoto, X. J. Bi, F. Kajino, Y. Zhang, T. Nakajima, C. F. Feng, Donghong Chen, A. Shiomi, K. Kasahara, Jing Huang, Ang Li, X. B. Qu, M. Ohnishi, T. K. Sako, L. L. Jiang, J. S. Liu, Danzengluobu Na, J. Shao, Yi Zhang, K. Kawata, T. Niwa, Y. Nakamura, Z. Y. Feng, Takeshi Saito, Shigeharu Udo, Jia Zhang, X. R. Meng, S. Torii, Z. T. He, A. F. Yuan, W. Y. Chen, Kazuoki Munakata, Zhaoyang Feng, L. M. Zhai, T. L. Chen, Zhaxisangzhu na, K. Yamauchi, N. Tateyama, L. K. Ding, Harufumi Tsuchiya, X. Y. Zhang, Minghui Liu, Hsiao-Chi Lu, Y. H. Tan, T. Miyazaki, and H. H. He
Subjects: Core (optical fiber), Nuclear physics, Physics, High energy, Air shower, Energy spectrum, Detector, Ultra-high-energy cosmic ray
Abstract: We have started a new hybrid air shower experiment at Yangbajing (4300 m a.s.l.) in Tibet in February 2014. This new hybrid experiment consists of the YAC-II comprised of 124 core detectors placed in the form of a square grid of 1.9 m spacing covering about 500 m2, the Tibet-III air shower array with the total area of about 50,000 m2 and the underground MD array consisting of 80 cells, with the total area of about 4,200 m2. This hybrid-array system is used to observe air showers of high energy celestial gamma-ray origin and those of nuclear-component origin. In this paper, a short review of the experiment will be followed by an overview on the current results on energy spectrum and chemical composition of CRs and test of hadronic interaction models.
Published: 2017

30. Technical note: Evaluation of three machine learning models for surface ocean CO2 mapping

Author: J. Zeng, T. Matsunaga, N. Saigusa, T. Shirai, S.-I. Nakaoka, and Z.-H. Tan
Subjects: lcsh:GE1-350, lcsh:G, lcsh:Geography. Anthropology. Recreation, lcsh:Environmental sciences
Abstract: Reconstructing surface ocean CO2 from scarce measurements plays an important role in estimating oceanic CO2 uptake. There are varying degrees of differences among the 14 models included in the Surface Ocean CO2 Mapping (SOCOM) inter-comparison initiative, in which five models used neural networks. This investigation evaluates two neural networks used in SOCOM, self-organizing maps and feedforward neural networks, and introduces a machine learning model called a support vector machine for ocean CO2 mapping. The technique note provides a practical guide to selecting the models.
Published: 2017

31. Implementation of a triple Gaussian beam model with subdivision and redefinition against density heterogeneities in treatment planning for scanned carbon-ion radiotherapy

Author: Taku Inaniwa, Mai Fukahori, Yousuke Hara, Nobuyuki Kanematsu, T. Shirai, Masao Nakao, and Takuji Furukawa
Subjects: Quantitative Biology::Tissues and Organs, Gaussian, Computation, Physics::Medical Physics, Normal Distribution, Dose profile, Heavy Ion Radiotherapy, Imaging phantom, Superposition principle, symbols.namesake, Optics, Humans, Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging, Mathematics, Radiological and Ultrasound Technology, Phantoms, Imaging, business.industry, Radiotherapy Planning, Computer-Assisted, Radiotherapy Dosage, Pencil (optics), Computational physics, symbols, business, Algorithms, Beam (structure), Gaussian beam
Abstract: Challenging issues in treatment planning for scanned carbon-ion (C-ion) therapy are (i) accurate calculation of dose distribution, including the contribution of large angle-scattered fragments, (ii) reduction in the memory space required to store the dose kernel of individual pencil beams and (iii) shortening of computation time for dose optimization and calculation. To calculate the dose contribution from fragments, we modeled the transverse dose profile of the scanned C-ion beam with the superposition of three Gaussian distributions. The development of pencil beams belonging to the first Gaussian component was calculated analytically based on the Fermi-Eyges theory, while those belonging to the second and third components were transported empirically using the measured beam widths in a water phantom. To reduce the memory space for the kernels, we stored doses only in the regions of interest considered in the dose optimization. For the final dose calculation within the patient's whole body, we applied a pencil beam redefinition algorithm. With these techniques, the triple Gaussian beam model can be applied not only to final dose calculation but also to dose optimization in treatment planning for scanned C-ion therapy. To verify the model, we made treatment plans for a homogeneous water phantom and a heterogeneous head phantom. The planned doses agreed with the measurements within ±2% of the target dose in both phantoms, except for the doses at the periphery of the target with a high dose gradient. To estimate the memory space and computation time reduction with these techniques, we made a treatment plan for a bone sarcoma case with a target volume of 1.94 l. The memory space for the kernel and the computation time for final dose calculation were reduced to 1/22 and 1/100 of those without the techniques, respectively. Computation with the triple Gaussian beam model using the proposed techniques is rapid, accurate and applicable to dose optimization and calculation in treatment planning for scanned C-ion therapy.
Published: 2014

32. Development of Curved Combined-Function Superconducting Magnets for a Heavy-Ion Rotating-Gantry

Author: T. Furukawa, Shigeki Takayama, K. Noda, H. Arai, Kota Mizushima, S. Suzuki, S. Mori, Tetsuhiro Obana, T. Orikasa, T. Fujita, Y. Hara, T. Fujimoto, Yoshiyuki Iwata, T. Shirai, Toru Ogitsu, Shinji Sato, T. Murakami, Naoyuki Amemiya, and K. Shouda
Subjects: Physics, Superconductivity, business.industry, Physics::Medical Physics, Superconducting magnet, Superconducting magnetic energy storage, Condensed Matter Physics, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, Magnetic field, Optics, Nuclear magnetic resonance, Electromagnetic coil, Condensed Matter::Superconductivity, Magnet, Quadrupole, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Quadrupole magnet, business
Abstract: Combined-function superconducting magnets are designed for a heavy-ion rotating gantry. The superconducting coils of these magnets have a surface winding coil structure. To minimize sagitta, the superconducting magnets as well as their coils have a curved shape. Ten superconducting magnets are installed on the rotating gantry. With the superconducting magnets, the rotating gantry can transport carbon ions having 430 MeV/u to a patient with irradiation angles of over ±180 degrees, and is further capable of performing three-dimensional raster-scanning irradiation. Since the superconducting magnets would be rotated by ±180 degrees, compact cryocoolers are employed for cooling of the superconducting coil. Because the coil has quadrupole and dipole layers, the superconducting magnets can provide both quadrupole and dipole magnetic field. Using the combined-function superconducting magnets, we can design a compact rotating gantry, while keeping a large scan size at the isocenter; the length and the radius of the gantry would be approximately 13 and 5.5 m, respectively, which are comparable to those for the existing proton gantries. In this paper, we report the design of the superconducting magnets as well as results of some tests.
Published: 2014

33. Development of Fast Scanning Magnets and Their Power Supply for Particle Therapy

Author: Yousuke Hara, T. Shirai, Kota Mizushima, K. Noda, C. Yamazaki, Y. Hirata, Yasushi Iseki, Shinji Sato, E. Takeshita, Y. Kanai, Takuji Furukawa, Taku Inaniwa, and Nobukazu Kakutani
Subjects: Particle therapy, Materials science, Field (physics), Ion beam, business.industry, medicine.medical_treatment, Physics::Medical Physics, Condensed Matter Physics, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, Dipole, Optics, Nuclear magnetic resonance, Magnet, medicine, Physics::Accelerator Physics, Irradiation, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, business, Pencil-beam scanning, Beam (structure)
Abstract: At the Heavy Ion Medical Accelerator in Chiba (HIMAC), more than 8000 patients have been successfully treated by carbon ion beams since 1994. The successful results of treatments have led us to construct a new treatment facility equipped with a 3-D pencil beam scanning irradiation system. For the implementation of this irradiation technique, we developed a fast scanning magnet and its power supply, which are required to have field ramp rate of more than 250 T/s. The scanning magnets set at the entrance of the irradiation system are two dipole magnets to scan the beam in both horizontal and vertical directions and used to form the irradiation field to be tumor shape. Before the installation, performance test including both static and dynamic field measurement was carried out. Severe delay of the field and temperature rise were not observed as expected. Measured field ramp rate reached up to 300 T/s. After the installation, we verified the accuracy and stability of the scanned ion beam through the commissioning with the beam. As a successful result of the commissioning, treatment using the new scanning system was started in 2011.
Published: 2014

34. Ion-production efficiency of a singly charged ion source developed toward a 11C irradiation facility for cancer therapy

Author: T. Shirai, E. E. Donets, A. Yu. Boytsov, Akira Noda, A. Yu. Ramzdorf, Satoru Hojo, K. Noda, T. Wakui, Ken Katagiri, and E. D. Donets
Subjects: 010302 applied physics, Materials science, Radiochemistry, chemistry.chemical_element, 01 natural sciences, Ion source, 010305 fluids & plasmas, Ion, Isotope separation, law.invention, chemistry, law, 0103 physical sciences, Cathode ray, Molecule, Irradiation, Boron, Instrumentation, Carbon
Abstract: The ion-production efficiency of a newly developed singly charged ion source (SCIS) has been investigated to discuss the possibility of it being used in an isotope separation on-line system that provides 11C ions for heavy-ion cancer therapy with simultaneous verification of the irradiation field using positron emission tomography. The SCIS uses a low-energy hollow electron beam to produce singly charged carbon ions efficiently. To deliver sufficient 11C ions to the treatment room from a limited amount of 11C molecules, which are produced from a boron compound target and proton-beam irradiation via the 11B(p,n)11C reaction, the SCIS must have high ion-production efficiency. To realize this high efficiency, the SCIS was designed using a three-dimensional particle-in-cell code in previous work. With the fabricated SCIS, we performed experiments to measure the efficiency of producing CO2+ ions from nonradioactive 12CO2 molecules and C+ ions from nonradioactive 12CH4 molecules. We found that the SCIS achieved efficiencies of eC+=4×10−3 (0.4%) for C+ production and eCO2+=0.107 (10.7%) for CO2+ production.
Published: 2019

35. The cosmic ray energy spectrum measured with the new Tibet hybrid experiment

Author: N. Hotta, Hui Hu, Jia Zhang, Masaki Nishizawa, K. Kawata, C. F. Feng, M. Ohnishi, X. B. Qu, W. Y. Chen, L. L. Jiang, Y. Katayose, S. Udo, L. Xue, N. Tateyama, Kazuoki Munakata, Yuya Nakamura, Danzengluobu, Jian Liu, Ang Li, Harufumi Tsuchiya, S. Ozawa, Haibing Hu, H. H. He, K. Yamauchi, Hong-peng Lu, A. F. Yuan, Chihiro Kato, Y. Zhang, Shoji Torii, A. Shiomi, Zhaxisangzhu, Zhenyong Feng, C. X. Liu, X. Y. Zhang, Y. H. Lin, Minghui Liu, H. M. Zhang, X. X. Zhou, Masayoshi Kozai, M. Amenomori, Takashi Sako, H. Sugimoto, Labaciren, To. Saito, M. Shibata, Y. Q. Guo, Takashi Saito, F. Kajino, T. Nakajima, Huaguang Wang, M. Sakata, Y. Yamamoto, Gui-Ming Le, X. R. Meng, Y. H. Tan, Zhaoyang Feng, T. Niwa, H. J. Li, Q. B. Gou, X. L. Qian, Masato Takita, H. R. Wu, H. Nanjo, X. J. Bi, J. Shao, K. Hibino, T. Miyazaki, T. Shirai, Z. T. He, H. Y. Jia, T. L. Chen, Zicai Yang, W. J. Li, K. Kasahara, Jing Huang, Donghong Chen, I. Ohta, L. M. Zhai, Liming Ding, Ying Zhang, S. W. Cui, and Yi Zhang
Subjects: Physics, Range (particle radiation), Proton, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, QC1-999, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Monte Carlo method, Hadron, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, chemistry.chemical_element, Cosmic ray, Interaction model, 01 natural sciences, Spectral line, Nuclear physics, chemistry, 0103 physical sciences, High Energy Physics::Experiment, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Helium
Abstract: We have upgraded the new Tibet ASgamma experiment in China since 2014 to measure the chemical composition of cosmic rays around the knee. This hybrid experiment consist of an air-shower-core detector array (YAC-II) to detect high energy electromagnetic component, the Tibet air-shower array (Tibet-III) and a large underground water-Cherenkov muon-detector array (MD). We have carried out a detailed air-shower Monte Carlo (MC) simulation to study the performance of the hybrid detectors by using CORSIKA (version 7.5000), which includes EPOS-LHC, QGSJETII-04, SIBYLL2.1 and SIBYLL2.3 hadronic interaction models. The preliminary results of the interaction model checking above 50 TeV energy region are reported in this paper, and the primary proton and helium spectra in the energy range 50 TeV to 1015 eV was derived from YAC-I data and is smoothly connected with direct observation data at lower energies and also with our previously reported works at higher energies within statistical errors. The knee of the (P+He) spectra is located around 400 TeV. The interaction model dependence in deriving the primary (P+He) spectra is found to be small (less than 25% in absolute intensity, 10% in position of the knee), and the composition model dependence is less than 10% in absolute intensity.
Published: 2019

36. On the Solar Cycle Variation of the Solar Diurnal Anisotropy of Multi-TeV Cosmic-ray Intensity Observed with the Tibet Air Shower Array

Author: Jian Liu, Zhenyong Feng, M. Amenomori, Z. T. He, Yi Zhang, F. Kajino, T. Nakajima, T. L. Chen, M. Ohnishi, H. H. He, M. Shibata, Ang Li, Haibing Hu, W. Y. Chen, Chihiro Kato, Takashi Sako, S. Udo, C. X. Liu, X. J. Bi, Liming Ding, L. Xue, S. Ozawa, H. Nanjo, Y. Zhang, T. Miyazaki, A. F. Yuan, T. Shirai, Ying Zhang, Hui Hu, Hong-peng Lu, K. Yamauchi, A. Shiomi, Jia Zhang, Donghong Chen, S. W. Cui, H. M. Zhang, X. X. Zhou, Labaciren, X. R. Meng, I. Ohta, H. Sugimoto, Zhaxisangzhu, K. Kawata, Y. H. Lin, X. Y. Zhang, Minghui Liu, L. M. Zhai, K. Hibino, Zhaoyang Feng, Y. Katayose, Takashi Saito, X. L. Qian, X. B. Qu, Huaguang Wang, Shoji Torii, Y. Yamamoto, Y. Q. Guo, H. Y. Jia, H. J. Li, H. R. Wu, K. Kasahara, Jing Huang, To. Saito, Y. H. Tan, Masaki Nishizawa, C. F. Feng, L. L. Jiang, M. Sakata, Gui-Ming Le, Zicai Yang, W. J. Li, Yuya Nakamura, Danzengluobu, T. Niwa, J. Shao, Masayoshi Kozai, Kazuoki Munakata, N. Tateyama, Harufumi Tsuchiya, N. Hotta, Q. B. Gou, and Masato Takita
Subjects: Physics, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, QC1-999, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Phase (waves), Cosmic ray, Astrophysics, 01 natural sciences, Solar cycle, Intensity (physics), Air shower, Amplitude, Solar time, 0103 physical sciences, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Astrophysics::Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, Anisotropy, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract: We analyze the temporal variation of the solar diurnal anisotropy of the multi-TeV cosmic-ray intensity observed with the Tibet air shower array from 2000 to 2009, covering the maximum and minimum of the 23rd solar cycle. We comfirm that a remarkable additional anisotropy component is superposed on the Compton-Getting anisotropy at 4.0 TeV, while its amplitude decreases at higher energy regions. In constrast to the additional anisotropy reported by the Matsushiro experiment at 0.6 TeV, we find the residual component measured by Tibet at multi-TeV energies is consistent with being stable, with a fairly constant amplitude of 0.041% ± 0.003% and a phase at around 07.17 ± 00.16 local solar time at 4.0 TeV. This suggests the additional anisotropy observed by the Tibet experiment could result from mechanisms unrelated to solar activities.
Published: 2019

37. Test of the hadronic interaction models SIBYLL2.3, EPOS-LHC and QGSJETII- 04 with Tibet EAS core data

Author: T. Miyazaki, Labaciren, Z. T. He, Haibing Hu, M. Amenomori, T. L. Chen, Y. Q. Guo, Y. Zhang, H. J. Li, A. Shiomi, Kazuoki Munakata, Masaki Nishizawa, H. R. Wu, H. B. Hu, Y. H. Tan, Masayoshi Kozai, N. Hotta, Zicai Yang, W. J. Li, H. M. Zhang, X. X. Zhou, H. H. He, Hsiao-Chi Lu, T. K. Sako, H. Sugimoto, X. L. Qian, I. Ohta, X. J. Bi, A. F. Yuan, M. Shibata, J. S. Liu, C. F. Feng, N. Tateyama, H. Y. Jia, Jia Zhang, J. Shao, L. Xue, Harufumi Tsuchiya, Donghong Chen, L. L. Jiang, S. Torii, Y. Nakamura, X. Y. Zhang, Minghui Liu, H. Nanjo, X. R. Meng, K. Kawata, Chihiro Kato, Zhaoyang Feng, K. Hibino, T. Shirai, W. Y. Chen, K. Kasahara, Y. H. Lin, Danzengluobu, Y. Katayose, M. Sakata, Jing Huang, Gui-Ming Le, K. Yamauchi, C. X. Liu, Q. B. Gou, Masato Takita, T. Niwa, Takashi Saito, Huaguang Wang, L. K. Ding, Z. Y. Feng, Y. Yamamoto, S. Ozawa, Ang Li, X. B. Qu, F. Kajino, T. Nakajima, Zhaxisangzhu, M. Ohnishi, S. Udo, Ying Zhang, S. W. Cui, Yi Zhang, Takeshi Saito, and L. M. Zhai
Subjects: Physics, Core (optical fiber), Nuclear physics, Large Hadron Collider, QC1-999, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Hadron, High Energy Physics::Experiment
Abstract: A hybrid experiment has been started by the ASγ experiment at Yangbajing (4300m a.s.l.) in Tibet since May 2009, that consists of a high-energy air-shower-core array (YAC-I) and a high-density air-shower array (Tibet-III). In this paper, we report our results to check the hadronic interaction models SIBYLL2.3, SIBYLL2.1, EPOS-LHC and QGSJETII-04 in the multi-tens TeV energy region using YAC-I+Tibet-III experimental data from May 2009 through January 2010. The effective live time is calculated as 106.05 days. The results show that the description of transverse momentum, inelastic cross-section and inelasticity for the 4 hadronic interaction models is consistent with YAC-I experimental data within 15% systematic errors range in the forward region below 100 TeV. Among them, the EPOS-LHC model is the best hadronic interaction model. Furthermore, we find that the H4a composition model is the best one below the 100 TeV energy region.
Published: 2019

38. SIZE VARIATION, GROWTH STRATEGIES, AND THE EVOLUTION OF MODULARITY IN THE MAMMALIAN SKULL

Author: Felipe Bandoni de Oliveira, Leila T. Shirai, Gabriel Marroig, and Arthur Porto
Subjects: Natural selection, Modularity (biology), Evolutionary change, Biology, Skull, Altricial, Variation (linguistics), medicine.anatomical_structure, Evolutionary biology, Genetics, medicine, Allometry, General Agricultural and Biological Sciences, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Selection (genetic algorithm)
Abstract: Allometry is a major determinant of within-population patterns of association among traits and, therefore, a major component of morphological integration studies. Even so, the influence of size variation over evolutionary change has been largely unappreciated. Here, we explore the interplay between allometric size variation, modularity, and life-history strategies in the skull from representatives of 35 mammalian families. We start by removing size variation from within-species data and analyzing its influence on integration magnitudes, modularity patterns, and responses to selection. We also carry out a simulation in which we artificially alter the influence of size variation in within-taxa matrices. Finally, we explore the relationship between size variation and different growth strategies. We demonstrate that a large portion of the evolution of modularity in the mammalian skull is associated to the evolution of growth strategies. Lineages with highly altricial neonates have adult variation patterns dominated by size variation, leading to high correlations among traits regardless of any underlying modular process and impacting directly their potential to respond to selection. Greater influence of size variation is associated to larger intermodule correlations, less individualized modules, and less flexible responses to natural selection.
Published: 2013

39. Long term stability analysis on the MD-A under TIBET III array

Author: Chihiro Kato, H. M. Zhang, X. X. Zhou, X. J. Bi, Y. H. Tan, W. J. Li, C. X. Liu, Ying Zhang, S. W. Cui, H. Y. Jia, H. Sugimoto, M. Ohnishi, K. Mizutani, T. Miyazaki, M. Amenomori, Jia Zhang, Danzengluobu, S. Udo, S. Yasue, Z. T. He, Q. B. Gou, Masato Takita, K. Yamauchi, F. Kajino, T. Nakajima, Y. Nakamura, T. L. Chen, J. S. Liu, X. L. Qian, N. Hotta, K. Kawata, X. B. Qu, Takashi Saito, X. Y. Zhang, Y. Katayose, Huaguang Wang, Minghui Liu, Haibing Hu, Z. Y. Feng, L. Xue, K. Kasahara, A. F. Li, J. Shao, H. H. He, Zicai Yang, K. Hibino, M. Shibata, Donghong Chen, Takashi Sako, Hsiao-Chi Lu, T. Yuda, Zhaxisangzhu, Y. Zhang, W. Y. Chen, L. K. Ding, Y. Q. Guo, I. Ohta, Shunsuke Ozawa, H. J. Li, H. R. Wu, X. R. Meng, A. Shiomi, Zhaoyang Feng, T. Niwa, Y. Yamamoto, Jian Huang, Shoji Torii, Kazuoki Munakata, Takeshi Saito, L. M. Zhai, Yi Zhang, H. Nanjo, C. F. Feng, T. Shirai, L. L. Jiang, Masaki Nishizawa, M. Sakata, Gui-Ming Le, N. Tateyama, Harufumi Tsuchiya, A. F. Yuan, H. B. Hu, Masayoshi Kozai, and Labaciren
Subjects: Thesaurus (information retrieval), Information retrieval, Computer science, Stability (learning theory), Term (time)
Published: 2016

40. Observation of primary cosmic rays with the new Tibet hybrid experiment(YAC-II + Tibet-III + MD))

Author: Takeshi Saito, T. Yuda, Kazuoki Munakata, Z. Y. Feng, K. Yamauchi, L. K. Ding, Zhaxisangzhu, N. Hotta, L. M. Zhai, W. Y. Chen, Hsiao-Chi Lu, Y. Q. Guo, Jia Zhang, Donghong Chen, S. Yasue, H. J. Li, Haibing Hu, H. R. Wu, Q. B. Gou, Masato Takita, Y. Zhang, H. Y. Jia, K. Hibino, I. Ohta, A. Shiomi, X. Y. Zhang, M. Ohnishi, Minghui Liu, H. M. Zhang, X. X. Zhou, S. Udo, M. Amenomori, Z. T. He, H. Sugimoto, H. B. Hu, Chihiro Kato, T. Niwa, Masayoshi Kozai, Y. Yamamoto, Yi Zhang, T. L. Chen, K. Mizutani, C. X. Liu, A. F. Yuan, K. Kawata, X. L. Qian, Takashi Saito, Danzengluobu, Huaguang Wang, W. J. Li, J. S. Liu, Ying Zhang, S. W. Cui, Zicai Yang, H. Nanjo, N. Tateyama, M. Shibata, T. Shirai, Y. Nakamura, Harufumi Tsuchiya, Labaciren, L. Xue, F. Kajino, T. Nakajima, M. Sakata, Y. Katayose, Gui-Ming Le, X. B. Qu, Masaki Nishizawa, C. F. Feng, Y. H. Tan, J. Shao, H. H. He, L. L. Jiang, T. Miyazaki, Takashi Sako, Shoji Torii, X. R. Meng, Zhaoyang Feng, K. Kasahara, Shunsuke Ozawa, A. F. Li, Jing Huang, and X. J. Bi
Subjects: Physics, Primary (astronomy), Astronomy, Cosmic ray
Published: 2016

41. Sidereal anisotropy of Galactic cosmic ray observed by the Tibet Air Shower experiment and the IceCube experiment

Author: T. Miyazaki, F. Kajino, T. Nakajima, Yi Zhang, C. F. Feng, K. Kawata, Jian Huang, X. L. Qian, L. L. Jiang, Zicai Yang, K. Mizutani, Chihiro Kato, Haibing Hu, M. Shibata, Y. Zhang, M. Ohnishi, A. Shiomi, C. X. Liu, W. J. Li, Shunsuke Ozawa, H. M. Zhang, Ying Zhang, X. X. Zhou, H. Sugimoto, S. Udo, L. Xue, N. Hotta, S. W. Cui, Shoji Torii, Takeshi Saito, A. F. Yuan, Y. H. Tan, N. Tateyama, Hsiao-Chi Lu, Z. Y. Feng, S. Yasue, Y. Q. Guo, J. Shao, H. H. He, L. M. Zhai, Harufumi Tsuchiya, Danzengluobu, Q. B. Gou, L. K. Ding, T. Yuda, H. J. Li, Masato Takita, H. R. Wu, K. Hibino, X. Y. Zhang, Minghui Liu, T. Niwa, Labaciren, M. Amenomori, J. S. Liu, Zhaxisangzhu, Takashi Saito, X. B. Qu, Jia Zhang, Huaguang Wang, K. Yamauchi, H. B. Hu, H. Y. Jia, Masayoshi Kozai, Kazuoki Munakata, Y. Yamamoto, Masaki Nishizawa, M. Sakata, Gui-Ming Le, H. Nanjo, T. Shirai, Donghong Chen, I. Ohta, Z. T. He, T. L. Chen, K. Kasahara, A. F. Li, X. J. Bi, W. Y. Chen, Takashi Sako, X. R. Meng, Zhaoyang Feng, Y. Nakamura, and Y. Katayose
Subjects: Physics, Air shower, Sidereal time, Astronomy, Cosmic ray, Astrophysics, Anisotropy
Published: 2016

42. Synthesis of Y2O3 Films with High Thermal Shock Resistance from a Metal-EDTA Complex using Flame Spraying Apparatus

Author: K. Komatsu, A. Toyama, T. Sekiya, T. Shirai, A. Nakamura, I. Toda, S. Ohshio, H. Muramatsu, and H. Saitoh
Abstract: In this study, yttria films with high thermal shock resistance were synthesized from a metal-EDTA complex by means of combustion flame spraying. A rotating stage and various cooling agents were used to control substrate temperature during deposition. Although thermally extreme environments were employed during synthesis, the obtained films showed only a few cracks and some minor peeling in their microstructures. In the case of a Y2O3 film synthesized using substrate rotation and water atomization, the porosity was found to be 22.8% and the temperature of the film immediately after deposition was 453 °C, owing to a high heat of evaporation in the cooling water.
Published: 2016

43. Densification of Metal Oxide Films Synthesized from a Metal Complex by Flame Apparatus

Author: K. Komatsu, T. Shirai, A. Toyama, T. Iseki, D. Y. Enkin, A. Nakamura, Y. Li, S. Ohshio, H. Muramatsu, and H. Saitoh
Abstract: In this study, metal oxide films were synthesized from an EDTA·Er·H complex by flame spraying. The erbium oxide (Er2O3) layers were deposited on stainless steel using N2, air, or O2 as the carrier gas and a H2-O2 mixture as the combustion gas. Test results indicate that the carrier gas has a significant effect on film thickness and porosity and that O2 is the ideal carrier gas for producing dense metal oxide films.
Published: 2016

44. Is the large-scale sidereal anisotropy of the galactic cosmic-ray intensity really instable at TeV energies?

Author: H. Nanjo, T. Shirai, Danzengluobu, Zhenyong Feng, C. F. Feng, Haibing Hu, M. Amenomori, K. Kasahara, L. L. Jiang, Y. Zhang, M. Sakata, A. F. Li, A. Shiomi, Gui-Ming Le, Jing Huang, Chihiro Kato, H. M. Zhang, X. X. Zhou, Y. Q. Guo, H. Sugimoto, X. B. Qu, X. L. Qian, J. S. Liu, A. F. Yuan, H. R. Wu, J. Shao, I. Ohta, C. X. Liu, Huihai He, X. R. Meng, Zhaoyang Feng, N. Tateyama, W. Y. Chen, L. Xue, Harufumi Tsuchiya, K. Mizutani, D. Chen, Z. T. He, Masaki Nishizawa, X. Y. Zhang, Shunsuke Ozawa, Kazuoki Munakata, T. K. Sako, Labaciren, N. Hotta, Y. Katayose, Y. Yamamoto, Shoji Torii, Zhaxisangzhu, X. J. Bi, K. Hibino, X. H. Ding, H. B. Hu, H. W. Guo, Hsiao-Chi Lu, Y. H. Tan, M. Shibata, F. Kajino, Zicai Yang, S. Yasue, Q. B. Gou, Masato Takita, L. K. Ding, Jia Zhang, Yi Zhang, M. Ohnishi, S. Udo, Takashi Saito, W. J. Li, Ying Zhang, Huaguang Wang, S. W. Cui, Takeshi Saito, Kazumasa Kawata, L. M. Zhai, T. Yuda, and H. Y. Jia
Subjects: Physics, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Astronomy, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Cosmic ray, Astrophysics, Amplitude, Observatory, Sidereal time, Physics::Space Physics, Milagro, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Right ascension, Anisotropy, Heliosphere
Abstract: The sidereal cosmic-ray anisotropy at TeV energies has a large-scale deficit region distributed between 150 and 240 degrees in right ascension, which is called the “loss-cone”. The Milagro experiment reported the detection of a steady increase in the loss-cone amplitude at 6 TeV from July 2000 to July 2007. In this paper, we examine Milagro’s claim using the data collected by the Tibet air-shower experiment from November 1999 through December 2008. No time dependence was found in the loss-cone amplitude at 4.4, 6.2, and 11 TeV. If the increase in the loss-cone amplitude were, as Milagro argued, due to variations in the heliosphere in relation to solar activities, the same tendency would be seen at sub-TeV energies where the anisotropy is far more sensitive to solar activities. At 0.6 TeV, however, Matsushiro underground muon observatory reported no significant increase in the loss-cone amplitude during the corresponding period.
Published: 2012

45. Observation of the Fermi pulsar catalog at TeV energies with the Tibet air shower experiment

Author: X. X. Zhou, Y. Yamamoto, Yu-Sa Wang, H. Sugimoto, T. K. Sako, X. Y. Zhang, Q. Huang, Shoji Torii, G. C. Yu, Haibing Hu, Y. Zhang, M. Sakata, A. Shiomi, Kazumasa Kawata, C. Fan, Gui-Ming Le, S. Yasue, Jia Zhang, H. C. Li, LuHua Jiang, Masato Takita, X. Y. Gao, Danzengluobu, C. F. Feng, X. C. Yang, T. Yuda, X. H. Ding, H. W. Wang, Y. Q. Lou, H. R. Wu, X. R. Meng, M. Shibata, H. Nanjo, L. Xue, T. Shirai, Yi Zhang, Shunsuke Ozawa, Y. G. Wang, Zhaoyang Feng, K. Mizutani, Y. H. Tan, M. Ohnishi, J. Y. Li, H. Y. Jia, S. Udo, Hong-peng Lu, Liming Ding, N. Tateyama, Ying Zhang, H. W. Guo, A. F. Yuan, H. M. Zhang, S. W. Cui, Zhenyong Feng, Takashi Saito, D. Chen, B. S. Wang, Zhaxisangzhu, M. Amenomori, Z. H. Ye, Kazuoki Munakata, H. H. He, Ning Zhang, K. Hibino, N. Hotta, Masaki Nishizawa, I. Ohta, Labaciren, Harufumi Tsuchiya, To. Saito, Y. Katayose, Q. B. Gou, Hailan Hu, X. J. Bi, Q. X. Geng, C. T. Yan, K. Kasahara, J. Mu, A. F. Li, Jing Huang, Chihiro Kato, M. He, C. X. Liu, and F. Kajino
Subjects: Physics, Telescope, Air shower, Physics and Astronomy (miscellaneous), Pulsar, law, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Astronomy, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Astrophysics, Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope, law.invention
Abstract: Using the Tibet-III air shower array, we search for steady TeV -rays from 18 pulsars in the Fermi Large Area Telescope pulsar catalog. Among them, we ob- serve 8 sources including the Crab instead of the expected
Published: 2011

46. Cosmic-ray energy spectrum around the knee obtained by the Tibet experiment and future prospects

Author: N. Hotta, J. Y. Li, Hsiao-Chi Lu, S. W. Cui, C. F. Feng, Q. Huang, G. M. Le, X. C. Yang, Labaciren, H. B. Hu, B. S. Wang, Q. X. Geng, Zhaxisangzhu, Takeshi Saito, D. Chen, Takashi Sako, Kazuoki Munakata, Kazumasa Kawata, C. Fan, H. H. He, Z. H. Ye, Masaki Nishizawa, X. Y. Gao, Takashi Saito, Jieru Ren, Danzengluobu, A. Nagai, Huaguang Wang, Yizhang, M. Sakata, K. Kasahara, J. Mu, S. L. Lu, Y. G. Wang, M. Amenomori, Jia Zhang, A. F. Li, Jing Huang, C. T. Yan, M. Shibata, Shunsuke Ozawa, A. F. Yuan, X. R. Meng, G. C. Yu, I. Ohta, X. H. Ding, Zhaoyang Feng, Shoji Torii, H. Y. Jia, T. Yuda, S. Udo, Y. Q. Lou, H. R. Wu, K. Hibino, Haibing Hu, Y. H. Tan, H. Onuma, N. Tateyama, X. J. Bi, Harufumi Tsuchiya, K. Mizutani, Y. Katayose, Y. Zhang, A. Shiomi, H. Nanjo, Y. Yamamoto, Yu-Sa Wang, X. Wang, T. Shirai, H. M. Zhang, X. X. Zhou, H. Sugimoto, S. Yasue, H. W. Guo, Masato Takita, M. Ohnishi, L. K. Ding, T. Ouchi, Z. Y. Feng, X. Y. Zhang, F. Kajino, Chihiro Kato, M. He, L. Xue, and Ning Zhang
Subjects: Physics, Atmospheric Science, Range (particle radiation), Proton, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Detector, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Phase (waves), Aerospace Engineering, chemistry.chemical_element, Flux, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Cosmic ray, Spectral line, Nuclear physics, Geophysics, chemistry, Space and Planetary Science, General Earth and Planetary Sciences, Helium
Abstract: The observation of the extensive air showers has been carried out since 1990 by Tibet air-shower array to study the origin of the cosmic-rays. In order to investigate the chemical composition around the knee, air-shower core detector was used in two experimental phases aiming to separate light primary elements (proton and helium). In a first phase experiment made in 1996-1999, primary proton and helium spectra were measured using a hybrid detector consisted of Tibet II air-shower array, emulsion chambers, and burst detectors. The result indicated that the fraction of light elements among the all particle spectrum is less than 30%. We performed the second phase experiment in 2002-2005 to measure proton + helium together to confirm the previous result with higher statistics by improving the detection efficiency for the air-shower cores. The P + He spectrum was obtained in a good agreement with previous result by several times higher statistics. The flux of the light elements, together with the all-particle energy spectrum, indicates the dominance of nuclei heavier than helium in the energy range around the knee. We also present the outline of the next phase experiment, which is to measure the heavy elements around the knee, using low threshold air-shower core detector named YAC. (C) 2010 COSPAR. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Published: 2011

47. Cosmic-ray energy spectrum around the knee observed with the Tibet air-shower experiment

Author: Jia Zhang, N. Hotta, H. C. Li, Liming Ding, X. X. Zhou, H. Nanjo, T. Shirai, T. Yuda, Labaciren, H. Sugimoto, Y. Q. Lou, H. R. Wu, Masaki Nishizawa, Ying Zhang, S. W. Cui, H. H. He, X. Y. Zhang, C. F. Feng, Chihiro Kato, Y. Yamamoto, Q. Huang, X. R. Meng, Takashi Saito, Yu-Sa Wang, M. He, Zhaoyang Feng, C. X. Liu, M. Shibata, Y. G. Wang, Yi Zhang, A. F. Yuan, Y. Katayose, Kazumasa Kawata, C. Fan, Q. X. Geng, G. C. Yu, D. Chen, Z. H. Ye, L. Xue, K. Mizutani, Kazuoki Munakata, S. Yasue, M. Ohnishi, F. Kajino, Masato Takita, X. H. Ding, H. W. Guo, S. Udo, C. T. Yan, Hong-peng Lu, K. Hibino, Haibing Hu, B. S. Wang, Zhaxisangzhu, Zhenyong Feng, X. J. Bi, M. Amenomori, Y. Zhang, A. Shiomi, Y. H. Tan, K. Kasahara, J. Mu, Q. B. Gou, A. F. Li, Jing Huang, H. W. Wang, Hailan Hu, J. Y. Li, I. Ohta, H. M. Zhang, T. K. Sako, To. Saito, Shoji Torii, H. Y. Jia, Shunsuke Ozawa, LuHua Jiang, X. Y. Gao, Danzengluobu, X. C. Yang, N. Tateyama, Harufumi Tsuchiya, M. Sakata, Gui-Ming Le, and Ning Zhang
Subjects: Physics, Air shower, Physics and Astronomy (miscellaneous), Energy spectrum, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Cosmic ray, Astrophysics
Published: 2011

48. Peripheral tolerance and lymphocyte anergy (PP-072)

Author: A. Okochi, X. Shen, E. Kekalainen, K. Tsuji-Takayama, J. Huang, S. Liao, A. Hoerauf, C. Chung, E. Weiss Lavi, Y. Xu, Anna Salvetti, P. Kuo, S. Zheng, Y. Gu, T. P. Arstila, I. Wu, I. Sagiv, M. Takeuchi, K. Pokorna, J. Hoch, T. Ito, X. Zhang, M. Kuo, T. Yoshida, S. M. Anderton, A. Miettinen, C. Chan, Emilie Franck, Q. Wang, G. Ding, K. Saeki, L. H. Rossi, J. Holmgren, W. Jin, S. Hachimura, Y. Reiter, M. Ohtsuji, S. Nakamura, Y. Kodera, F. Liu, Won O. Song, L. Layland, D. Chen, T. Adjobimey, K. Ogura, M. Lehto, T. Fujii, M. Yamamoto, Olivier Boyer, Q. Xue, H. Nishimura, A. Sayi, Sahil Adriouch, R. Wolchinsky, K. Zhong, S. Ikegami, L. Xiao, I. Katayama, M. Hattori, J. Suen, S. Hirose, B. Chiang, V. Holan, C. Nishigori, C. Czerkinsky, A. Levitzki, F. Yamasaki, C. Dong, M. Shimizu, G. Lozano, K. Oved, H. Azukizawa, I. Ulmanen, T. Sashihara, J. Prochazkova, M. Zhang, K. Taguchi, A. Mueller, T. Hanafusa, M. Krulova, S. Anderton, T. Shirai, M. Totsuka, T. Hurtado de Mendoza, R. C. Rickert, J. Sun, M. Leech, K. Yamada, K. Arndts, S. Sun, T. Otani, X. Shi, M. D. Leech, A. Zajicova, M. Kibata, A. Fukunaga, K. Chu, H. Fu, R. C. Knox, N. Pöntynen, J. Satoguina, A. Yoshida, J. Oldenburg, R. Nurieva, M. Obata, E. Smeds, Y. Adachi, C. Sweenie, and R. Fujiwara
Subjects: business.industry, Immunology, Immunology and Allergy, Medicine, Peripheral tolerance, General Medicine, business, Lymphocyte anergy
Published: 2010

49. The Evolution of Modularity in the Mammalian Skull II: Evolutionary Consequences

Author: Felipe Bandoni de Oliveira, Gabriel Marroig, Arthur Porto, Leila T. Shirai, and Valderes De Conto
Subjects: Flexibility (engineering), Evolvability, Constraint (information theory), Variable (computer science), Variation (linguistics), Evolutionary biology, Modularity (biology), GENÉTICA QUANTITATIVA, Quantitative genetics, Biology, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Selection (genetic algorithm)
Abstract: Changes in patterns and magnitudes of integration may influence the ability of a species to respond to selection. Consequently, modularity has often been linked to the concept of evolvability, but their relationship has rarely been tested empirically. One possible explanation is the lack of analytical tools to compare patterns and magnitudes of integration among diverse groups that explicitly relate these aspects to the quantitative genetics framework. We apply such framework here using the multivariate response to selection equation to simulate the evolutionary behavior of several mammalian orders in terms of their flexibility, evolvability and constraints in the skull. We interpreted these simulation results in light of the integration patterns and magnitudes of the same mammalian groups, described in a companion paper. We found that larger magnitudes of integration were associated with a blur of the modules in the skull and to larger portions of the total variation explained by size variation, which in turn can exert a strong evolutionary constraint, thus decreasing the evolutionary flexibility. Conversely, lower overall magnitudes of integration were associated with distinct modules in the skull, to smaller fraction of the total variation associated with size and, consequently, to weaker constraints and more evolutionary flexibility. Flexibility and constraints are, therefore, two sides of the same coin and we found them to be quite variable among mammals. Neither the overall magnitude of morphological integration, the modularity itself, nor its consequences in terms of constraints and flexibility, were associated with absolute size of the organisms, but were strongly associated with the proportion of the total variation in skull morphology captured by size. Therefore, the history of the mammalian skull is marked by a trade-off between modularity and evolvability. Our data provide evidence that, despite the stasis in integration patterns, the plasticity in the magnitude of integration in the skull had important consequences in terms of evolutionary flexibility of the mammalian lineages.
Published: 2009

50. ELECTRON SCATTERING OFF SHORT-LIVED RADIOACTIVE NUCLEI

Author: A. Kuwajima, Kazuyoshi Kurita, Y. Yano, K. Ishii, Masanori Wakasugi, Tsuyoshi Ohnishi, M. Nakamura, T. Masuda, Takashi Emoto, Shuo Wang, Toshimi Suda, T. Koseki, A. Morikawa, Akira Noda, Y. Furukawa, T. Shirai, S. Ito, Tadaaki Tamae, Hiromu Tongu, and H. Takeda
Subjects: Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Luminosity (scattering theory), General Physics and Astronomy, Electron, Ion trapping, Ion, Nuclear physics, Angular distribution, medicine.anatomical_structure, medicine, Atomic physics, Nucleus, Electron scattering, Beam (structure)
Abstract: We have established a novel method which make electron scattering off short-lived radioactive nuclei come into being. This novel method was named SCRIT (Self-Confining RI ion Target). It was based on the well known "ion trapping" phenomenon in electron storage rings. Stable nucleus, 133 Cs , was used as target nucleus in the R&D experiment. The luminosity of interaction between stored electrons and Cs ions was about 1.02(0.06) × 1026 cm -2 s -1 at beam current around 80 mA. The angular distribution of elastically scattered electrons from trapped Cs ions was measured. And an online luminosity monitor was used to monitor the change of luminosity during the experiment.
Published: 2009

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