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N ̶ Benzylidene ̶ 4 ̶ Methoxyaniline (NB4MA) schiff base was synthesized and investigated corrosion behavior of mild steel (MS) in 1M HCI and 0.5M H2SO4. The corrosion efficiency studied by means of mass loss and electrochemical techniques. The electrochemical studies confirm that Ecorr displacement about 32mV confirms anodic and cathodic type of inhibitor. The positive direction of corrosion potential curves confirmed that adsorption efficiency on metal surface. Langmuir adsorption isotherm was observed. Electrochemical impedance studies (EIS) exposed that inhibition effectiveness enlarged with even increasing concentration of Schiff base and found inhibition capacity 90 – 95%. Furthermore, thermodynamic parameters of adsorption were found which elaborates that increasing ΔG0ads parameter since favorable interaction behavior between mild steel and inhibitor causes efficient adsorption. The morphology studies revealed that synthesized Schiff base has strong affinity to adhere on mild steel and improve corrosion efficiency against acidic media. The quantum chemical parameter also confirmed that electrons distribution and efficiency of Schiff base.

Background: This study was conducted to establish the certain reproductive parameters of Chippiparai bitches, which are indigenous dog breed of Southern Tamil Nadu in India to augment the fertility of Chippiparai bitches using vaginal exfoliative cytology and progesterone assay as diagnostic tools. Methods: The data was collected by a questionnaire from (105 female dogs) pet owners to understand the breeding practices and the reproductive performance of Chippiparai breed. On the basis of Vaginal Exfoliative Cytology (VEC) (n=100) and combination of VEC with progesterone assay (n=12) the optimum time of breeding, ovulation, conception rate and litter size were estimated. Result: Management and reproductive performance of Chippiparai female was recorded as other medium sized hound breeds. This study established the stages of estrous cycle in Chippiparai bitches on the basis of vaginal cytology and combination of VEC with progesterone estimation improved the conception rate and litter size and also helped in identification of the fertile period in Chippiparai bitches.

Background: The principal cause of caprine enterotoxaemia is Clostridium perfringens type D which is normally resident in digestive tract and soil in fairly low numbers. Overeating of carbohydrate rich diet or sudden change in diet leads to proliferation of the bacteria and release of lethal toxins in intestine of the host. It causes sudden death in affected ruminants of different ages, though lambs of 3 to 10 weeks of age are highly susceptible. It causes sever enterocolitis with or without haemorrhagic diarrhoea and encephalitis resulting in acute nervous signs with a fatal outcome. Methods: Thirty goats of different breeds under 1-4 years age and both sex were presented to Veterinary Clinical Complex, Veterinary College and Research Institute, Tirunelveli with the neurological signs and diarrhoea were the subject of study. Faecal samples were collected from all these cases and tested on spot by immunochromatographic test kit to identify the Clostridium perfringens Epsilon toxin (ETX). Blood and serum samples were collected and subjected haemato-biochemical analysis. Peripheral blood smears were also collected to rule out haemoprotozoan infections in all the cases. Result: Epsilon toxin was detected from faecal samples of 36.6 per cent of the goats. Diarrhoea was the most consistent finding which is due to enterocolitis in acute cases. A significant increase (P less than 0.001) in the neutrophils and leukocytes count and a significant increase (P less than 0.05) in the levels of BUN, creatinine, glucose, ALP and chloride levels were observed. All the cases were treated with sulphadimidine at recommended dose with supportive therapy but no response was reported due to the fatal encephalitis.

Background: The concurrent infection of tick borne haemoprotozoan diseases like B.canis, E.canis and H.canis were commonly recorded in breed dogs. There is paucity in recording the combined haemoprotozoan infection with neoplasms in the native breeds of Tamil Nadu. The current investigation was documented to study the clinico-pathological changes, diagnosis and treatment of the concomitant infection of Hepatozoon canis and Babesia canis along with transmissible venereal tumor in a native dog.Methods: This Clinical investigation was carried out during April’ 2019 for about a month. A male Chippiparai dog was presented to the Veterinary Clinical Complex, VCRI, Tirunelveli with history of mass and bleeding from the genital area. The impression cytology from the mass and the whole blood and serum samples were collected for the laboratory diagnosis.Result: The hematological examination showed marked anaemia and the blood smear revealed the presence of H.canis gamonts in neutrophils and B.canis piroplasm in red bloods cells. The serum biochemical values showed the elevation of alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, blood urea nitrogen, creatinine and reduction of total protein, albumin. The impression cytology revealed the presence of uniform sheets discrete round cells with punctuate vacuolation in the cytoplasm, confirmed the sexually transmitted venereal tumor.

Calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate crystal deposition disease (CPPD) also referred to as pseudogout is an inflammatory arthritis produced by the deposition of calcium pyrophosphate crystals in the synovium and periarticular soft tissues. This report documents a case of a 41 year old female who presented with a painful swelling in the back. MRI revealed a complex swelling with lobulation of size 7.4×7.4×7 cm in the posterolateral aspect of chest wall just superficial to the ribcage. A surgical excision biopsy of the swelling was done and patient improved symptomatically. Serum uric acid levels were measured and found to be within limits.

We report the detailed gross, histopathological and immunohistochemical study of Strobilocercus fasciolaris infection, the metacestodal stage of Taenia taeniaeformis , in the liver of laboratory Wistar rats. Necropsy examination of seventeen rats revealed transparent or white or cream to clear, thick walled cysts, 1 to 97 in number, measuring about 2 mm to 12 mm on one or many of the liver lobes and containing strobilocercus of Taenia taeniaeformis . Histopathological examination revealed the presence of the cross-section of larva surrounded by a thick fibrous capsule and moderate infiltration of lymphocytes, plasma cells and a few eosinophils. Fatty degeneration of hepatocytes, gastric mucosal hyperplasia, distended gastric glands and marked increase in the mucosal epithelial cells and goblet cells in the duodenum were also observed. Contamination of feed and bedding materials seems to be the probable source in these naturally infected rats.

An epizootic causing high morbidity and high mortality in Swiss albino inbred mice over a period of two weeks caused by Klebsiella pneumoniae is reported. Diagnosis was based on clinical signs, histopathological, bacteriological evaluation of the lung, kidney and intestinal tissue and multiplex PCR. Biochemical tests were positive for citrate, nitrate, urease, lysine decarboxylase, ornithine decarboxylase and negative for phenylalanine and hydrogen sulphide production. Carbohydrates viz., glucose, lactose, adonitol, arabinose were fermented but sorbitol was not. Disc diffusion tests for antibiotic sensitivity showed susceptibility to enrofloxacin, amikacin, doxycyline and resistant to cephalexin, cefadroxil, cefuroxime, cephtriaxone and ampicillin. Amplification by multiplex PCR for sulphydryl variable (SHV) gene yielded a product size of 472bp.

Ischemic diseases of the gastrointestinal tract are some of the commonly encountered gastrointestinal diseases which are difficult to diagnose and still more difficult to treat. Presentation of colon ischemia is even more subtle, and this review article details about the various presentation patterns of ischemic colitis and their management.

A case of malignant melanoma was recorded in a four year old female Rottweiler. Grossly, four subcapsular smooth nodules of varying sizes were observed on the parietal surface and one smooth nodule on the visceral surface. On section, the nodule was soft, dirty grey-black, circumscribed and appeared as two distinct areas separated by parenchyma. Cytology revealed oval to polygonal cells containing black granular cytoplasmic pigments, obscuring the nuclear details. Anisocytosis, anisokaryosis, variable nuclear:cytoplasmic ratio, prominent nuclei were seen. Histopathologically, the neoplastic cells were round to spindle to polyhedral in shape with severe/deep and brown black pigmented cytoplasm. On special staining with Fontana, the granules of neoplastic cells stained black and nuclei stained pink. The tissue was then subjected to proliferation marker Ki-67 immunohistochemistry, where more than 75% of neoplastic cells showed strongly positive immunolabelling.

Inflammatory myofibroblastic tumour, commonly called as pseudotumor is a soft tissue tumour, commonly occurring in children and young adults and very rarely in elderly. Lungs are the most commonly affected site but sometimes it can occur in retroperitoneum and abdominal cavity. It contains spindle cells, myofibroblasts, lymphoctyes, plasma cells, and histiocytes. It is a non-encapsulated lesion. The pathogenesis of IMT remains unclear, although various allergic, immunogenic infectious mechanisms have been postulated. They are locally recurrent (15-37%) and rarely metastasize (

In the deregulated electricity market bidding contest is the major operation. Prices obtained from the result of bidding strategy is essential, since all market participants do not be familiar with the accurate assessment of future prices in their decision-making process. Locational Marginal Pricing obtains from the Optimal Power Flow problem gives the economic value of electrical energy at each location. Proposed method is based on lossless DC Optimal Power Flow. To solve this LMP problem optimization based Linear Programming (LP) approach has been implemented. In this paper LMP values with transmission, line outage and generator outage constraints are studied. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/telkomnika.v14i1.7713

Background: Parotid gland is the largest of the salivary glands present in the body. Neoplastic lesions in parotid gland always causes difficulty in tissue diagnosis due to their diversified histology. Lesion in the superficial lobe of parotid is more amenable for clinical diagnosis but deep lobe lesion requires imaging to confirm the diagnosis. Managing parotid swelling seems like a mystery due to these issues.Methods: There were 30 patients who presented with complaints of swelling in the parotid region. For all these patients detailed history was taken and clinical examination was done and findings noted. Contract enhanced computed tomography (CECT) of the parotid region was done followed by fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) and the management was planned accordingly.Results: All the 30 patients were within the age group of 25 years to 65 years. All the patients presented with swelling in the parotid region. Among the 30 patients, 10 patients had complaints of associated pain in the parotid region. On clinical examination, all the patients had lesion in the superficial lobe of parotid and 2 patients had deep lobe involvement. 1 patient had features of facial nerve palsy. Contrast enhanced computed tomography (CECT) and Fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) was done. For all the patients’ surgical management was planned accordingly.Conclusions: Routinely submitting all parotid swelling patients to Fine needle aspiration cytology and computed tomography helps to solve the mystery of diversified histology and presentation.

Background: Inguinal hernia is one of the most common surgery done in any hospital. Chronic inguinal pain is one of the common problem these patients complain of. This study aims at evaluating the long-term outcomes of neuralgia and paraesthesia following routine ilioinguinal nerve division, compared to nerve preservation when performing Lichtenstein’s inguinal hernia repair.Methods: The present study is a randomized controlled trial of 60 cases of inguinal hernias admitted in General Surgery Department in our hospital. The patients were randomly chosen into Lichtenstein hernia repair with ilioinguinal neurectomy or Lichtenstein hernia repair with nerve preservation. After surgery, all patients were monitored carefully for pain and paraesthesia. Pain was assessed using visual analogue scale. Paraesthesia was assessed by the monofilament test and evaluated after comparison with the opposite side.Results: In the present study, the incidence of pain as well as the severity of pain is far higher in the nerve preservation study group as opposed to the neurectomy study group. Hypaesthesia is not a significant complication following ilioinguinal neurectomy and does not significantly add to the morbidity of the patient.Conclusions: Prophylactic neurectomy can be an appropriate solution in the prevention of chronic groin pain following Lichtenstein inguinal hernia repair and can be considered as an ideal inclusion into the standard hernia repair procedures. Hypoesthesia is not a significant complication following ilioinguinal neurectomy and does not significantly add to the morbidity of the patient.

In a deregulated power industry, estimation of power price and management of congestion is a major issues handled by market members. Modeling of sensible pricing structure of power systems is important to provide financial signals for electrical utilities. Locational Marginal Pricing technique is used to determine the energy price for transacted power and to manage the system congestion. In this paper Lossless Direct Current Optimal Power Flow is used to find the LMP value at each bus. Resulting optimization problem is solved by Linear Programming. Variation of LMP values with transmission constraint is studied in this paper. Simulation is carried out on IEEE 14 bus test system and obtained result gives the electricity value at each location.

Fault handling is an important metric for many operating environments. The traditional technique for improving reliability of system is by replicating the system component. This paper explains about the Adaptive group testing technique for isolating the faults which is present in the memory of the system. The memory element contains many cell and these cells are grouped into number of blocks. These blocks are tested. The test vectors are produced sly LFSR and this is introduced into the circuit to validate the correct working of the system. This work is incorporated into FPGA to provide an adaptive hardware system with self-isolating properties. This approach increases the performance of the system. This testing is designed using hardware description language called VHDL.

Smooth muscle tumours of the round ligament of the uterus are rare and can mimic an inguinal hernia. Preoperative diagnosis can be established by imaging of the abdomen or an exploration of the inguinal canal. Surgical excision is the curative treatment .

Agriculture is considered to be the backbone of the India Economy. In developing countries like India, agriculture has been crucial sector due to its perceived ability to contribute significantly to achieve the developmental objectives. Agriculture in India is characterized by low productivity, lack of technology, under employment, etc., Normally agriculture production implies an unexpected outcome or yield. Variability in outcomes from expected those which are expected poses risks (Harwood et al 1999). Generally the farmers produce the agriculture products under the condition of risky environment. The decisions taken by the farmers are not know with certainty and the results may be better or worse than the expectation. Crop insurance is the best solution to compensate the loss of farmers arising from the field. The ongoing National Agriculture Insurance Scheme (NAIS) serves as a good step to insure the risks of millions of farmers. However, crop insurance inherent major problems as only about 10% of sown area and suffers from adverse claims to premium. There are problems with both the design and delivery of crop insurance schemes. So the present paper focus on identifying the problems that exists in implementing NAIS in three firka from Erode blocks viz., Erode East, Erode North and Erode West. The study is conducted by interviewing 300 farmers in selected blocks using a prepared questionnaire. The aim is to know the awareness of NAIS among farmers and the issues in executing the agriculture insurance scheme. The data collected through the primary method is analyzed with the help of tools like percentage analysis, ANOVA, Chi-Square, correlation and Garrets Ranking Technique. The main problems that the farmer is facing in execution of the NAIS are delay in payment of claim amount, crop coverage and premium rate. It is also revealed that there is significant difference between the variables like educational levels of farmers with respect to availing of NAIS, borrowing amount and availing NAIS, borrowing amount and experience of farmer's in farming and borrowing amount and farmer's category.

Oral tuberculosis is very rare and when present they are usually secondary to pulmonary tuberculosis. Tuberculous lesions of the tongue have become so infrequent that they are virtually a forgotten disease entity and may pose a diagnostic problem. The case reported in this paper emphasizes the importance of including tuberculosis in the differential diagnosis of any chronic oral ulcer. The low number of oral infections by M. tuberculosis could be due to underreporting.