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'Yotsuboshi', a seed propagating type F1 hybrid strawberry cultivar adaptable for year-round production, was developed from the collaborative breeding program including four institutes of Mie, Kagawa and Chiba prefectures and National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO) in Japan. The behavior of flower initiation is quite unique. 'otuboshi' exhibits stable extra earliness under natural condition with a lower temperature and shorter day-length, while it possesses the ever-bearing gene which results in the induction of flower initiation under long-day condition. Thus 'Yotsuboshi' is adaptable for year-round production including both forcing culture in autumn to spring and summer-autumn cultivation across Japan. 'Yotsuboshi' has several attractive traits such as a clear red fruit color, excellent fruit shape and size, high yielding ability, and superior taste with a high content of sugar and moderate acidity. The practical production system of F1 hybrid seeds and the DNA marker system for certifying the uniformity of seeds have already been established. The seeds and/or plug tray seedlings will be commercially provided from this summer for the member of the 'Research society for seed propagating type strawberries in Japan'.

In today's highly globalised world, protecting human security is a core challenge for political leaders who are simultaneously dealing with terrorism, refugee and migration crises, disease epidemics, and climate change. Promoting universal health coverage (UHC) will help prevent another disease outbreak similar to the recent Ebola outbreak in west Africa, and create robust health systems, capable of withstanding future shocks. Robust health systems, in turn, are the prerequisites for achieving UHC. We propose three areas for global health action by the G7 countries at their meeting in Japan in May, 2016, to protect human security around the world: restructuring of the global health architecture so that it enables preparedness and responses to health emergencies; development of platforms to share best practices and harness shared learning about the resilience and sustainability of health systems; and strengthening of coordination and financing for research and development and system innovations for global health security. Rather than creating new funding or organisations, global leaders should reorganise current financing structures and institutions so that they work more effectively and efficiently. By making smart investments, countries will improve their capacity to monitor, track, review, and assess health system performance and accountability, and thereby be better prepared for future global health shocks.

Stroke and Alzheimer's disease (AD) are related pathologies in which the cerebrovascular system is involved. Plasma levels of semicarbazide-sensitive amine oxidase/vascular adhesion protein 1 (SSAO/VAP-1, also known as Primary Amine Oxidase -PrAO) are increased in both stroke and AD patients and contribute to the vascular damage. During inflammation, its enzymatic activity mediates leukocyte recruitment to the injured tissue, inducing damage in the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and neuronal tissue. We hypothesized that by altering cerebrovascular function, SSAO/VAP-1 might play a role in the stroke-AD transition. Therefore, we evaluated the protective effect of the novel multitarget-directed ligand DPH-4, initially designed for AD therapy, on the BBB.A human microvascular brain endothelial cell line expressing human SSAO/VAP-1 was generated, as the expression of SSAO/VAP-1 is lost in cultured cells. To simulate ischaemic damage, these cells were subjected to oxygen and glucose deprivation (OGD) and re-oxygenation conditions. The protective role of DPH-4 was then evaluated in the presence of methylamine, an SSAO substrate, and/or β-amyloid (Aβ).Under our conditions, DPH-4 protected brain endothelial cells from OGD and re-oxygenation-induced damage, and also decreased SSAO-dependent leukocyte adhesion. DPH-4 was also effective at preventing the damage induced by OGD and re-oxygenation in the presence of Aβ as a model of AD pathology.From these results, we concluded that the multitarget compound DPH-4 might be of therapeutic benefit to delay the onset and/or progression of the neurological pathologies associated with stroke and AD, which appear to be linked.

An arbitrary pattern exposure system has been developed by employing a liquid crystal display (LCD) with 1600 /spl times/ 1200 pixels for the formation of projection images in place of a conventional reticle. The minimum pattern size becomes 11.5 /spl mu/m, which corresponds to the aperture size of each pixel on the LCD. For the purpose of quick turnaround time (TAT), the exposure system was directly connected to the circuit design system with the transmission control protocol/internet protocol network. From the experimental results on patterning of a typical electronic circuit data with the area of 46/spl times/ 46 mm, it was confirmed that the TAT from the output of design data to the finish of the exposure becomes less than 28 min. By using this system, reduction of the production cost in the printed wiring boards fabrication is expected.

A reduction of depth variation in a shallow trench isolation process is desired for obtaining more stable electrical performances of silicon devices. By applying an optimized run-to-run control system to a silicon trench etching process, trench depth variation of the process was reduced. Cp/Cpk of the trench depth of product wafers were improved from 1.10/0.83 to 1.39/1.34 by the control.

We have developed the RF technique for transport measurement under pulsed ultra-high magnetic fields beyond 100 T . Using this RF system and the samples with modified Corbino geometry, we have successfully measured the transverse conductivity σ xx of two-dimensional electron gas up to 100 T . In addition to the integer quantum Hall structures, we observed a structure corresponding to the 1 3 fractional quantum Hall effect (FQHE) around 80 T even at high temperatures (>4.2 K ) and even in the low-mobility samples. This fact suggests that the ultra-high magnetic field stabilizes the 1 3 FQHE state.

We investigated the cytotoxic and apoptotic effects of a combination of photodynamic therapy (PDT) and cisplatin (CDDP) on L5178Y (LY) cells. Treatment with PDT by photofrin((R)) (5 microg/ml) alone or with CDDP (20 microg/ml) alone killed 41.5+/-8.5% or 42.9+/-6.5% of LY cells, respectively, while a combination of these two treatments killed 99.7+/-0.6%. Apoptotic cell death after combination treatment was also revealed to be 49.6+/-7.8% compared to 12.4+/-3.4% after PDT alone, and 18.8+/-2.6% after CDDP. This study demonstrated that combined treatment of PDT and CDDP results in enhanced apoptotic cell death as well as a cytotoxic effect on LY cells.

This paper describes the 32-Mb and the 64-Mb embedded DRAM core with high efficient redundancy, which is fabricated using 0.13-/spl mu/m triple-well 4-level Cu embedded DRAM technology. Core size of 18.9 mm/sup 2/ and cell efficiency of 51.3% for the 32-Mb capacity, and core size of 33.4 mm/sup 2/ and cell efficiency of 58.1% for the 64-Mb capacity are realized. This core can achieve 230-MHz burst access at 1.0-V power-supply condition by adopting a new data bus architecture: merged shift column redundancy. We implemented four test functions to improve the testability of the embedded DRAM core. It realizes the DRAM core test in a logic test environment.

The aim of this study was to define the appropriate fractionation interval between photodynamic therapy (PDT) for the enhancement of its anti-tumour effects. Tumour reoxygenation and the kinetics of tumour vascular cells following PDT were evaluated in mice by means of immunohistochemical staining for the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and the proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), respectively. The VEGF labelling indices (LIs) of the tumour cells and the PCNA LIs of the tumour vascular cells were assessed at various time intervals after PDT. The tumour cell VEGF LIs of the experimental groups at time points from 0 to 6 h after PDT were significantly higher than those of the control groups, but subsequently returned to control levels at 24 h after PDT. The vascular cell PCNA LI of the experimental group at 24 h after PDT was significantly lower than that of the control group, but returned to the control level at 48 h. These results indicated that the tumour subjected to PDT might be reoxygenated, and that the maximum damage to the tumour vasculature emerged at 24 h after PDT. We propose here that the fractionation interval between PDTs should be 24 h.

Glycerol kinase deficiency (GKD) occurs as part of an Xp21 contiguous gene syndrome or as isolated GKD. The isolated form can be either symptomatic with episodic metabolic and central nervous system (CNS) decompensation or asymptomatic with hyperglycerolemia and glyceroluria only. To better understand the pathogenesis of isolated GKD, we sought individuals with point mutations in the GK coding region and measured their GK enzyme activities. We identified six individuals with missense mutations: four (N288D, A305V, M428T, and Q438R) among males who were asymptomatic and two (D198G, R405Q) in individuals who were symptomatic. GK activity measured in lymphoblastoid cell lines or fibroblasts was similar for the symptomatic and the asymptomatic individuals. Mapping of the individuals' missense mutations to the three-dimensional structure of Escherichia coli GK revealed that the symptomatic individuals' mutations are in the same region as a subset of the mutations among the asymptomatic individuals, adjacent to the active-site cleft. We conclude that, like many other disorders, GK genotype does not predict GKD phenotype. We hypothesize that the phenotype of an individual with GKD is a complex trait influenced by additional, independently inherited genes.

This paper describes a 32-Mb embedded DRAM macro fabricated using 0.13-/spl mu/m triple-well 4-level Cu embedded DRAM technology, which is suitable for portable equipment of MPEG applications. This macro can operate 230-MHz random column access even at 1.0-V power supply condition. The peak power consumption is suppressed to 198 mW in burst operation. The power-down standby mode, which suppresses the leakage current consumption of peripheral circuitry, is also prepared for portable equipment. With the collaboration of array circuit design and the fine Cu metallization technology, macro size of 18.9 mm/sup 2/ and cell efficiency of 51.3% are realized even with dual interface and triple test functions implemented.

The objective of this study was to investigate ethnic differences in the glyoxylate reductase/hydroxypyruvate reductase (GRHPR) gene in patients with primary hyperoxaluria type 2 (PH2). GRHPR was genotyped in Japanese patients with PH2 and all GRHPR mutations described to date were reviewed in terms of geographic and ethnic association. We identified a novel mutation, a two-nucleotide deletion (c.248_249delTG) in exon 3 creating a premature 'stop' at codon 91. Also, we found that the c.864_865delTG mutation was associated with the rs35891798 single-nucleotide polymorphism. The allelic frequencies of the c.103delG, c.494GA, c.403_404+2 delAAGT, and c.864_865delTG mutations in PH2 patients were 37.8%, 15.6%, 10.0%, and 10.0%, respectively. All patients with the c.103delG mutation were Caucasian. Patients with the c.494GA mutation and 78% (7/9) of those with the c.403_404+2 delAAGT mutation were from the Indian subcontinent, whereas those with the c.864_865delTG mutation were Chinese or Japanese. Molecular analysis of GRHPR of four Japanese PH2 patients identified a novel mutation (c.248_249delTG in exon 3). Caucasians with PH2 should be screened for the c.103delG mutation; patients from the Indian subcontinent for c.494GA; and patients of East Asian origin (particularly) for c.864_865delTG. The prevalence of the latter mutation in PH2 patients from East Asia was 75.0%.

Thin-gauge 3% Si-Fe with {110}〈001〉 orientation is a suitable material for magnetic devices in the frequency range from 102 to 105 Hz. Low core loss and high permeability in this frequency range are required. With recently developed, highly grain-oriented materials, physical parameters that affect core losses were investigated as a function of excitation frequency and magnetic flux density. The relationship between core loss and excitation conditions is classified into four regions. This material is useful for transformers and inductors, especially for higher flux density application in the middle frequency region (Bm[maximum excitation magnetic flux density] > 1T, 102 to 103 Hz), such as airplane devices.

We have developed the experimental technique to measure the magnetoresistance of low-dimensional conductors under ultra-high magnetic fields beyond 100 T. In order to eliminate the huge discharge noise and induction, we have built an experiment system using radio frequency phase sensitive detection. We applied this system to the magnetotransport measurement of an organic conductor α-(BEDT-TTF) 2 KHg(SCN) 4 , and observed the Shubnikov–de Haas oscillations corresponding to the magnetic breakdown orbit. This result strongly suggests that the magnetic breakdown field is smaller than 80 T.

This paper describes the reconstruction of mandibular defects in four oral cancer patients using iliac crest bone grafts and osseointegrated implants. In three patients, reconstructive surgery using a reconstruction plate and free forearm skin flap was performed following tumour and segmental mandibular resection. After 7-9 months, mandibular reconstruction with a free iliac bone graft was carried out. In one patient, reconstructive surgery was performed with vascularized iliac bone grafting with an anterolateral thigh flap at the same time as the tumour resection. Fixtures were placed in the transplanted bone, and abutments were connected 6-9 months later together with vestibuloplasty. Gingival grafts were used to replace the skin flap around abutments. All implants survived throughout the approximately 4-6 years observation time. Marginal bone loss of the graft was originally several millimetres but less than 1.5 mm. Bone loss as well as management of peri-implant soft tissue was also discussed.

The aim of this study was to assess the importance of immunohistochemical thymidylate synthase (TS) expression level as a prognostic marker in tongue cancer patients. In 140 patients with primary squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the tongue, intratumoural TS expression was evaluated by immunohistochemistry. The level of TS expression was determined by a semiquantitative scoring system, ranging from 1+ to 3+ according to the ratio of TS-positive cells. Of 140 patients, 64 (45.7%), 49 (35.0%) and 27 (19.3%) were assessed as 1+, 2+ and 3+, respectively. Univariate analyses demonstrated that both disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) were significantly lower in patients with a TS 3+ tumour than in those with a TS 1+/2+ tumour (DFS: P = 0.0082, OS: P = 0.0100). In a multivariate analysis using the Cox regression model, cervical lymph-node status and TS expression level were selected as independent factors for DFS and OS. Maintenance adjuvant chemotherapy by oral 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) significantly improved DFS and OS in patients with a TS 1+/2+ tumour (DFS: P = 0.0027, OS: P = 0.0398). These data suggest that the level of immunohistochemical TS expression is an independent prognosticator in patients with tongue SCC, and may be useful in the selection of patients who would benefit from oral 5-FU adjuvant chemotherapy.

Previous embedded DRAMs (eDRAMs) have the dual ports on the sense amplifier and wide I/O buses on memory arrays for high data rate in graphic controller chips. This causes decreased cell efficiency and increased power consumption in burst operation compared to commodity DRAM. This eDRAM macro provides the low power consumption and small die needed in portable multi media equipment with MPEG logic, such as video phone, video camera, and personal digital assistant (PDA). To incorporate 0.13 μm logic technology for low power, the power supply is reduced to 1.0 V for logic and 2.5 V for other circuitry. This paper describes realizing fast memory access even at such low voltage.

We performed surgery for distal arch aneurysm in 22 patients; through a mediansternotomy in 11 patients (group M), and through a left thoracotomy approach in 11 patients (group L). If the distal position of an aneurysm was located at the pulmonary hilus without severe calcification of the ascending aorta, the mediansternotomy approach was chosen, whereas if we suspected that distal anastomosis would be difficult due to severe calcification of the descending aorta or aortic dissection type B, the left thoracotomy approach was selected. The mean cardiopulmonary bypass time (min.) was 229 +/- 56 in group M and 225 +/- 47 in group L, the mean circulation arrest time (min.) was 39 +/- 19 in group M and 31 +/- 5 in group L, and the mean lowest temperature (degree C) was 22 +/- 1 in group M and 20 +/- 2 in group L. No severe cerebral or cardiac complications developed in any patients. The hospital mortality was 9% (1/11) in group M and 9% (1/11) in group L. Following discharge, 8 (73%) patients from group M and 9 (92%) from group L resumed a normal lifestyle. There were no significant differences between the 2 groups and the operative results of both approaches proved satisfactory. Therefore our indications for each surgical approach to treat distal arch aneurysm seemed appropriate.

An extension of the standard spin diffusion theory is presented by introducing a density-gradient (DG) term that is suitable for describing interface quantum tunneling phenomena. The magnetoresistance (MR) ratio is modified by the DG term through an interface electric field. We have also carried out spin injection and detection measurements using four-terminal Si devices. The local measurement shows that the MR ratio changes depending on the current direction. We show that the change of the MR ratio depending on the current direction comes from the DG term regarding the asymmetry of the two interface electronic structures., Comment: 5 pages, 3 figures

A 73-year-old male with squamous cell carcinoma of the oral floor (T1N0M0), who had not consented to radical treatment was treated with UFT by oral administration alone. After commencement of the administration, tumor remission was observed at 2 weeks and disappeared clinically at 8 weeks. The total period of oral administration of UFT was twenty-three months, and the total dose was 186.5 g as tegafur. Major adverse effects were pigmentation of hands and liver dysfunction. He remains under observation, and there is no evidence of tumor recurrence.

[10241-05-1] Cl5Mo (MW 273.19) InChI = 1S/5ClH.Mo/h5*1H;/q;;;;;+5/p-5 InChIKey = GICWIDZXWJGTCI-UHFFFAOYSA-I (chlorinating agent for alkyl halides,5 alkenes,7 and alkynes;8 used as a Lewis acid and as a catalyst for CO2 insertion to oxiranes,9 for CC coupling of alkenyllithium reagents,10 and for condensation of nitrobenzene with alcohols;11 easily reduced to MoIII species, useful as a reagent of deoxygenation;12, 13 methylenemolybdenum reagents for chemoselective carbonyl alkenation are prepared from MoCl517, 18) Alternate Name: molybdenum pentachloride. Physical Data: mp 204 ± 1 °C; bp 276.5 °C; d 2.936 g cm−3. Solubility: sol H2O, where it undergoes hydrolysis; slightly sol TiCl4, diethyl ether. Analysis of Reagent Purity: pure reagent (99.9%) is commercially available, packaged in ampules. Preparative Methods: by the reaction of molybdenum(VI) oxide and carbon tetrachloride or CCl2CClCCl3 as very dark-colored crystals.1-3 The industrial method is the direct chlorination of molybdenum metal. A convenient laboratory technique is the liquid-phase reaction system that uses refluxing thionyl chloride and MoO3.4 Handling, Storage, and Precautions: moisture sensitive; store under nitrogen. Use in a fume hood.

Epithelialization of subcutaneous fascial flaps and muscle-only flaps used for reconstruction of the oral mucosa were studied in a rabbit model. Angiography was performed to help to design a subcutaneous cervical fascial flap and a cleidomastoid muscle-only flap. These flaps were transferred into a mucoperiosteal defect on the mandibular alveolus. The flaps were gradually infiltrated by acute inflammatory cells from the periphery and then replaced by granulation tissue originating from the oral mucosa. The epithelialization was by secondary intention. An epithelial tongue from the surrounding epithelium migrated onto the granulating flaps with eventual coverage after three weeks. After two months, the muscle-only flap was covered by a poorly organized epithelium, different from the highly uniform epithelium in the fascial flap. The granulation tissue which replaced the muscle-only flap matured to fibrous tissue, associated with severe contraction. This was characterized by dense regular collagen fibers, no elastic fibers, and few capillaries, while the fibrous tissue which replaced the fascial flap was characterized by random collagen and elastic fiber morphology and numerous dilated blood vessels, and was associated with mild contraction. This experiment supports the view that the different extracellular matrices of these flaps may play a role in epithelial configuration and contraction.

The rat heart receives its blood supply not only from the coronary arteries but also from the accessory coronary arteries that supply mainly the atria. The distribution and chemical nature of nitric oxide synthase-containing nerve fibers in the conduction system as well as the coronary and accessory coronary arteries were investigated using immunohistochemistry and NADPH diaphorase (NADPH-d) histochemistry. A few NADPH-d-positive nerve fibers were observed mainly around the main trunk of the coronary arteries, while NADPH-d-positive fibers were found along the entire course of the accessory coronary arteries from their main branches to the arteriolar level. A double-staining method demonstrated that NADPH-d-positive fibers innervating both the coronary and accessory coronary arteries contained vasoactive intestinal polypeptide or neuropeptide Y. NADPH-d-positive fibers were relatively abundant in the sinus node and penetrating bundle but were very sparse in the atrioventricular node and right bundle branch. No NADPH-d-positive fibers were detected in the left bundle branch. Some of the NADPH-d-positive fibers innervating the penetrating bundle exhibited distinct immunoreactivity to calcitonin gene-related peptide. These results suggest that nitric oxide may play a role as a neurotransmitter and/or neuromodulator in the neural control of the cardiac blood flow and impulse conduction.

A case of Sjögren's syndrome (SjS) complicated by membranous nephropathy (MN) is presented. A 50-year-old female was admitted to Toho University Hospital because of overt proteinuria (5g/day). She had xerotic keratitis in addition to a renal disorder, and laboratory data showed positive anti-nuclear antibody (ANA) and anti-SSA antibody. The specimens from renal biopsy revealed mild thickening of the glomerular basement membrane under light microscopy, positive IgG along the capillary walls revealed by immunofluorescence, and sparse and irregular subepithelial electron dense deposits seen under electron microscopy. No interstitial changes were observed. From these findings, she was diagnosed as having SjS complicated by MN. Proteinuria gradually decreased with a reduction in serum levels of ANA and anti-SSA antibody following corticosteroid therapy. Although renal interstitial lesions occasionally develop in patients with SjS, glomerular changes, especially MN, are very rare. We suspect that immunocomplexes, such as anti-SSA antibody, revealed in SjS patients could be responsible for the glomerular lesions, leading to MN.

The prenatal therapy is described of a patient with vitamin B12-responsive methylmalonic acidaemia during the last 10 days of gestation with oral administration of vitamin B12 (20 mg/day) given to a mother did not normalize her urinary excretion of methylmalonic acid (MMA), which was 14.5 mmol/mol creatinine at 32 weeks of gestation. Before delivery, the mother was excreting 18.9 +/- 3.3 mmol MMA/mol creatinine (mean value at 7 days after vitamin B12 therapy), as well as at 32-37 weeks of gestation with no therapy. After birth, the level of MMA in the infant's urine was remarkably elevated (500-700 mmol/mol creatinine); the level of MMA in maternal urine decreased dramatically after delivery. Compared with two previous reports, the length of administration was not sufficient to reduce maternal MMA excretion. In future, the length of the therapy, route of administration and total dose of vitamin B12 to maintain an efficient level of vitamin B12 in an affected fetus should be considered.

Recurrence of gastric cancer or colon cancer was observed in some patients who received 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) high-dose continuous Methotrexate (MTX)-Leucovorin (LV) therapy (FML therapy) previously. 5-FU high-dose 48-hours continuous therapy (5-FU therapy) as maintenance therapy for the patients was performed in the hospital and successively at home. The patients included 3 with recurrent gastric cancer and 2 with recurrent colon cancer: there were 4 males and 1 female, the mean age was 51.8 years (33-59 years). All patients had received FML therapy during the hospital stay before the maintenance chemotherapy at home. 5-FU therapy (30 mg/kg/day x 2 days/w), 30.2 courses on an average (11-40 courses), was performed through a catheter (Port-A-Cath), which was introduced into the right subclavian vein and placed under the skin, with a Baxter infusion pump. The concentration of 5-FU was 197 +/- 172-401 +/- 127 ng/ml between the 2nd and 48th hour. Adverse reaction included anorexia in 5 patients, stomatitis in 4, pigmentation in 4, leukopenia in 3, neuropathy in 2 and alopecia in 1. The therapy was effective for 10.4 months on an average (4-18 months) and the mean survival period was 12.0 months (7-18 months).

A rare case of blood coagulation disorder, congenital factor XII deficiency, detected in a patient with mandibular osteomyelitis is presented. Routine laboratory tests showed prolonged clotting and activated partial thromboplastin time. Detailed investigations for the intrinsic and extrinsic pathways of coagulation, fibrinolytic system, kinin-kallikrein system, and complement system were performed because factor XII is known as an activator of these systems. No hemorrhagic or thromboembolic complication occurred during and after surgery. Substitution therapy with fresh frozen plasma was not necessary. Magnetic resonance imaging and electrocardiography were used to examine the possible occurrence of postoperative cerebral hemorrhage or myocardial infarction.

Lymphatic sinus-like structures were demonstrated in the choroid of the monkey eye by transmission and scanning electron microscopy. These lymphatic sinus-like structures were lined by fibroblast-like cells with large intercellular gaps. When the specimens were viewed by scanning electron microscopy, the surface morphology of the fibroblast-like cells was similar to that of the endothelial cells of blood vessels or lymphatic vessels. Some fibroblast-like cells possessed intracellular fenestrations which varied in size, number and distribution. It is suggested that the lymphatic sinus-like structures here observed might play a role in the drainage of fluid from the choroid.