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1. Can surgery follow the dictates of the pandemic 'keep your distance'? Requirements with COVID-19 for hygiene, resources and the team

Author

Krüger, Colin M., Kramer, Axel, Türler, Andreas, and Riediger, Hartwig

Subjects
covid 19, infection prevention, surgical team, personal protective equipment, ventilation, surgery procedure, insufflation, robotics, Medicine, Public aspects of medicine, RA1-1270, Microbiology, QR1-502
Abstract

Since the beginning of the pandemic, there have been restrictions in the daily care of surgical patients – both elective and emergency. Readying supply capacities and establishing isolation areas and areas for suspected cases in the clinics have led to keeping beds free for treating (suspected) COVID-19 cases. It was therefore necessary to temporarily postpone elective surgery. Now, elective care can be gradually resumed with the second phase of the pandemic in Germany. However, it remains the order of the day to adapt pre-, intra- and post-operative procedures to the new COVID-19 conditions while maintaining specialized hygiene measures. This concerns the correct procedure for the use of personal protective materials as well as process adjustment for parallel treatment of positive and negative patients in the central OR, and handling of aerosols in the operating theater, operating room, and surgical site under consideration of staff and patient protection. Although dealing with surgical smoke in the operating theater has long been criticized, COVID-19 is forcing a renaissance in this area. Finally, the choice of surgical method, whether open surgery or minimally invasive procedures, is critical in determining how many colleagues are exposed to the risk of infection from COVID-19 patients, sometimes for hours. Here, robot-assisted surgery can comply with the pandemic’s requirement to “keep your distance” in a unique way, since the surgeon can operate at virtually any distance from the surgical site, at least with regard to aerosol formation and exposure.

Published
2020
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2. Methodology for measuring photonuclear reaction cross sections with an electron accelerator based on Bayesian analysis

Author

Braccini, Saverio, Casolaro, Pierluigi, Dellepiane, Gaia, Kottler, Christian, Lüthi, Matthias, Mercolli, Lorenzo, Peier, Peter, Scampoli, Paola, and Türler, Andreas

Subjects
Nuclear Experiment, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract

Accurate measurements of photonuclear reaction cross sections are crucial for a number of applications, including radiation shielding design, absorbed dose calculations, reactor physics and engineering, nuclear safeguard and inspection, astrophysics, and nuclear medicine. Primarily motivated by the study of the production of selected radionuclides with high-energy photon beams (mainly 225Ac, 47Sc, and 67Cu), we have established a methodology for the measurement of photonuclear reaction cross sections with the microtron accelerator available at the Swiss Federal Institute of Metrology (METAS). The proposed methodology is based on the measurement of the produced activity with a High Purity Germanium (HPGe) spectrometer and on the knowledge of the photon fluence spectrum through Monte Carlo simulations. The data analysis is performed by applying a Bayesian fitting procedure to the experimental data and by assuming a functional trend of the cross section, in our case a Breit-Wigner function. We validated the entire methodology by measuring a well-established photonuclear cross section, namely the 197Au({\gamma},n)196Au reaction. The results are consistent with those reported in the literature.

Published
2023

6. Single-cell RNA sequencing identifies a population of human liver-type ILC1s

Author

Krämer, Benjamin, Nalin, Ansel P., Ma, Feiyang, Eickhoff, Sarah, Lutz, Philipp, Leonardelli, Sonia, Goeser, Felix, Finnemann, Claudia, Hack, Gudrun, Raabe, Jan, ToVinh, Michael, Ahmad, Sarah, Hoffmeister, Christoph, Kaiser, Kim M., Manekeller, Steffen, Branchi, Vittorio, Bald, Tobias, Hölzel, Michael, Hüneburg, Robert, Nischalke, Hans Dieter, Semaan, Alexander, Langhans, Bettina, Kaczmarek, Dominik J., Benner, Brooke, Lordo, Matthew R., Kowalski, Jesse, Gerhardt, Adam, Timm, Jörg, Toma, Marieta, Mohr, Raphael, Türler, Andreas, Charpentier, Arthur, van Bremen, Tobias, Feldmann, Georg, Sattler, Arne, Kotsch, Katja, Abdallah, Ali T., Strassburg, Christian P., Spengler, Ulrich, Carson, William E., III, Mundy-Bosse, Bethany L., Pellegrini, Matteo, O’Sullivan, Timothy E., Freud, Aharon G., and Nattermann, Jacob

Published
2023
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18. Total Versus Near-total Thyroidectomy in Graves Disease: Results of the Randomized Controlled Multicenter TONIG-trial

Author

Maurer, Elisabeth, Maschuw, Katja, Reuss, Alexander, Zieren, Hans Udo, Zielke, Andreas, Goretzki, Peter, Simon, Dietmar, Dotzenrath, Cornelia, Steinmüller, Thomas, Jähne, Joachim, Kemen, Matthias, Coerper, Stephan, Leister, Ingo, Nies, Christoph, Hartel, Mark, Türler, Andreas, Holzer, Katharina, Agha, Ayman, Knoop, Michael, Musholt, Thomas, Aminossadati, Benaz, and Bartsch, Detlef K.

Published
2019
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32. In situ synthesis of volatile carbonyl complexes with short-lived nuclides

Author

Even, Julia, Ackermann, Dieter, Asai, Masato, Block, Michael, Brand, Holger, Di Nitto, Antonio, Düllmann, Christoph E., Eichler, Robert, Fan, Fangli, Haba, Hiromitsu, Hartmann, Willi, Hübner, Annett, Heßberger, Fritz P., Huang, Minqhiu, Jäger, Egon, Kaji, Daiya, Kanaya, Jumpei, Kaneya, Yusuke, Khuyagbaatar, Jadambaa, Kindler, Birgit, Kratz, Jens V., Krier, Jörg, Kudou, Yuki, Kurz, Nikolaus, Laatiaoui, Mustapha, Lommel, Bettina, Maurer, Joachim, Miyashita, Sunao, Morimoto, Kouji, Morita, Kosuke, Murakami, Masashi, Nagame, Yuichiro, Nitsche, Heino, Ooe, Kazuhiro, Qin, Zhi, Sato, Tetsuya K., Schädel, Matthias, Steiner, Jutta, Sumita, Takayuki, Takeyama, Mirei, Tanaka, Kengo, Toyoshima, Atsushi, Tsukada, Kazuaki, Türler, Andreas, Usoltsev, Ilya, Wakabayashi, Yasuo, Wang, Yang, Wiehl, Norbert, Yakushev, Alexander, and Yamaki, Sayaka

Published
2015
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33. Developing a Chromatographic 99mTc Generator Based on Mesoporous Alumina for Industrial Radiotracer Applications: A Potential New Generation Sorbent for Using Low-Specific-Activity 99Mo

Author

Nawar, Mohamed F, El-Daoushy, Alaa F, Ashry, Ahmed, and Türler, Andreas

Subjects
540 Chemistry, 570 Life sciences, biology, 000 Computer science, knowledge & systems
Abstract

The commercial low-pressure column chromatographic 99Mo/99mTc generator represents a reliable source of onsite, ready-to-use 99mTc for industrial applications. These generators use fission-produced 99Mo of high specific activity, posing serious production challenges and raising proliferation concerns. Therefore, many concepts are aimed at using low-specific-activity (LSA) 99Mo. Nonetheless, the main roadblock is the low sorption capacity of the used alumina (Al2O3). This study investigates the feasibility of using commercial alumina incorporated with LSA 99Mo to develop a useful 99Mo/99mTc generator for industrial radiotracer applications. First, the adsorption profiles of some commercial alumina sorbents for LSA 99Mo were tested under different experimental conditions. Then, the potential materials to develop a 99Mo/99mTc generator were selected and evaluated regarding elution yield of 99mTc and purity. Among the sorbents investigated in this study, mesoporous alumina (SA-517747) presented a unique sorption-elution profile. It demonstrated a high equilibrium and dynamic sorption capacity of 148 ± 8 and 108 ± 6 mg Mo/g. Furthermore, 99mTc was eluted with high yield and adequate chemical, radiochemical, and radionuclidic purity. Therefore, this approach provides an efficient and cost-effective way to supply onsite 99mTc for radiotracer applications independent of fission-produced 99Mo technology.

Published
2022
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45. Evaluating the Sorption Affinity of Low Specific Activity 99 Mo on Different Metal Oxide Nanoparticles.

Author

Nawar, Mohamed F., El-Daoushy, Alaa F., Ashry, Ahmed, Soliman, Mohamed A., and Türler, Andreas

Subjects
METAL nanoparticles, SORPTION, ADSORPTION capacity, MOLYBDATES, METALLIC oxides, THERMODYNAMIC equilibrium, SORBENTS
Abstract

99Mo/99mTc generators are mainly produced from 99Mo of high specific activity generated from the fission of 235U. Such a method raises proliferation concerns. Alternative methods suggested the use of low specific activity (LSA) 99Mo to produce 99mTc generators. However, its applicability is limited due to the low adsorptive capacity of conventional adsorbent materials. This study attempts to investigate the effectiveness of some commercial metal oxides nanoparticles as adsorbents for LSA 99Mo. In a batch equilibration system, we studied the influence of solution pH (from 1–8), contact time, initial Mo concentration (from 50–500 mg∙L−1), and temperature (from 298–333 K). Moreover, equilibrium isotherms and thermodynamic parameters (changes in free energy ΔG0, enthalpy change ΔH0, and entropy ΔS0) were evaluated. The results showed that the optimum pH of adsorption ranges between 2 and 4, and that the equilibrium was attained within the first two minutes. In addition, the adsorption data fit well with the Freundlich isotherm model. The thermodynamic parameters prove that the adsorption of molybdate ions is spontaneous. Furthermore, some investigated adsorbents showed maximum adsorption capacity ranging from 40 ± 2 to 73 ± 1 mg Mo∙g−1. Therefore, this work demonstrates that the materials used exhibit rapid adsorption reactions with LSA 99Mo and higher capacity than conventional alumina (2–20 mg Mo∙g−1). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2022
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46. Developing a Chromatographic 99m Tc Generator Based on Mesoporous Alumina for Industrial Radiotracer Applications: A Potential New Generation Sorbent for Using Low-Specific-Activity 99 Mo.

Author

Nawar, Mohamed F., El-Daoushy, Alaa F., Ashry, Ahmed, and Türler, Andreas

Subjects
RADIOACTIVE tracers, INDUSTRIAL applications, ALUMINUM oxide, CHEMICAL yield, SORBENTS, SORPTION
Abstract

The commercial low-pressure column chromatographic 99Mo/99mTc generator represents a reliable source of onsite, ready-to-use 99mTc for industrial applications. These generators use fission-produced 99Mo of high specific activity, posing serious production challenges and raising proliferation concerns. Therefore, many concepts are aimed at using low-specific-activity (LSA) 99Mo. Nonetheless, the main roadblock is the low sorption capacity of the used alumina (Al2O3). This study investigates the feasibility of using commercial alumina incorporated with LSA 99Mo to develop a useful 99Mo/99mTc generator for industrial radiotracer applications. First, the adsorption profiles of some commercial alumina sorbents for LSA 99Mo were tested under different experimental conditions. Then, the potential materials to develop a 99Mo/99mTc generator were selected and evaluated regarding elution yield of 99mTc and purity. Among the sorbents investigated in this study, mesoporous alumina (SA-517747) presented a unique sorption-elution profile. It demonstrated a high equilibrium and dynamic sorption capacity of 148 ± 8 and 108 ± 6 mg Mo/g. Furthermore, 99mTc was eluted with high yield and adequate chemical, radiochemical, and radionuclidic purity. Therefore, this approach provides an efficient and cost-effective way to supply onsite 99mTc for radiotracer applications independent of fission-produced 99Mo technology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2022
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50. Entwicklung einer radiochemischen Schnellmethode zur Bestimmung von rein alpha- und betastrahlenden Nukliden in Umwelt- und Lebensmittelproben

Author

Schuster, Michael (Prof. Dr.), Türler, Andreas (Prof. Dr.), Dolique, Isabelle Gabriele, Schuster, Michael (Prof. Dr.), Türler, Andreas (Prof. Dr.), and Dolique, Isabelle Gabriele

Abstract

Ziel dieser Promotion war eine Entwicklung einer radiochemischen Schnellmethode für rein-alpha- und betastrahlende Radionuklide in Umwelt- und Lebensmittelproben. Besonders im Fokus stand dabei der Zeitfaktor, die Anzahl an Nukliden, die mit einem Aliquot untersucht werden und zum anderen die Anwendbarkeit der Methode auf eine Vielzahl von Matrices. Zunächst wurde eine Schnellmethode zur Bestimmung von Plutonium-Isotopen und Radiostrontium in Lebensmittelproben entwickelt. In diesem ersten Schritt der Entwicklung wurde insbesondere auf die Probenvorbereitung eingegangen, sowie auf die chromatographische Trennung der Nuklide. Um die Lebensmittel effektiv und schnell aufzuschließen wurde als Aufschlussmethode ein saurer Mikrowellenaufschluss gewählt. Zudem wurden verschiedene Kombinationen von chromatographischen Säulen und Laufmitteln untersucht. Die chromatographische Trennung wurde durch den Einsatz einer Vakuumbox und entsprechend passenden Kartuschen deutlich beschleunigt. Im Rahmen dieser Methode wurden verschiedene Lebensmittel untersucht mit einer großen Variation an Matrices. Zudem wurde darauf geachtet, dass zum einen Lebensmittel einbezogen wurde, die im Falle eines Fallouts, von Bedeutung sind. Zum anderen aber auch Lebensmittel, die im Rahmen der nuklearspezifischen Gefahrenabwehr von Bedeutung sind. Diese Methode wurde im nächsten Schritt erweitert, um noch weitere alpha-strahlende Radionuklide zu integrieren. Dabei wurde zunächst Thorium, wie auch Americium in die Methode integriert. Thorium wurde dabei weniger wegen dessen Bedeutung in einem Ereignisfall in die Methode integriert, sondern weil Thorium als Tochternuklid in den eingesetzten Tracern zu finden waren und dabei zu Interferenzen in den alpha-Spektren führten. Zuletzt wurde auch Uran in die Methode aufgenommen. Dies geschah durch eine Abwandlung der Elutionsschritte der alpha-strahlenden Nuklide. Des weiteren wurden im Rahmen der Erweiterung der Methode auch weitere Matrices etabliert. Abschli, The aim of this work was to develop a rapid radiochemical method for the determination of pure alpha and beta emitting radionuclides in environmental and food samples. Particular focus was placed on the time factor, the number of nuclides analyzed with one aliquot and, secondly, the applicability of the method to a variety of matrices. First a rapid method was deveoped to determine plutonium isotopes and radiostrontium in food samples. In this first step of development the focus was particulary on sample preparation, as well as on chromatographic separation of the radio nuclides. To prepare the food samples quick and effectiv an acidic mircrowave digestion was selected. In addition, various combinations of chromatographic columns and running media were investigated. The chromatographic separation was significantly accelerated by the use of a vacuum box and corresponding cartidges. In ordert o cover a wide range of matrices, a broad variety of food samples, like salad, grapes and full cream milk, were analyzed. In addition, care was taken to include food samples that are of importance in the event of a fallout. On the other hand, food samples that are important in the context of nuclear-specific emergency response were also included. At the next stage of development the method was expanded to include more alpha emitting radio nuclides. At first Thorium as well as Americium was intergrated in the method. Thorium was integrated into the method not so much because of its importance in an event case, but because thorium was found as a daughter nuclide in the tracers used, leading to interference in the alpha spectra. Last uranium was incorporated in the method. This was done through a modification of the elution steps oft he other alpha-emitting nuclides. Furthermore, additional matrices were also established as part of the expansion of the method. Finally the developed method was subjected to a validation. For this purpose two different reference materials from the Inte

Published
2021

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