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Jahreshefte der Gesellschaft für Naturkunde in Württemberg Bd. 176 (2020), Im Laufe der vergangenen 15 Jahre wurden die Flechten im Gemeindegebiet von Lauda-Königshofen erfasst. Von großem Interesse waren die noch verbliebenen Reste an naturnah strukturierten Landschaftselementen wie alte Wälder, Hecken, Streuobstbestände, Trockenrasen, anstehende Gesteinsformationen und Lesesteinwälle. Insgesamt wurden bisher 206 Arten gefunden. Die stark gefährdeten Arten Anaptychia ciliaris, Gyalecta fagicola, Lecanora allophana, Lecanora varia, Placidium squamulosum, Ramalina fraxinea, Toninia sedifolia und Usnea glabrescens sind nur mehr mit sehr wenigen Exemplaren vertreten. Äußerst selten in Deutschland ist auch Xanthoparmelia perrugata. Bedingt durch den erhöhten Eintrag von Stickstoffverbindungen stieg der Anteil an nitrophytischen, baumbewohnenden Arten stark an. Für die Verbesserung der Lebensbedingungen der bodenbewohnenden Flechten wird eine Schaffung von Pufferzonen um die bestehenden Schutzgebiete von Trockenrasen empfohlen. Der Weiterbestand der seltenen baumbewohnenden Arten kann durch die Einrichtung von Naturwaldreservaten gewährleistet werden. Neu für die Flechtenflora des Taubertales sind: Acarospora impressula, Arthonia dispersa, Aspicilia simoensis, Bacidia rubella, Bilimbia sabuletorum, Calicium glaucellum, Calicium quercinum, Callome multipartita, Caloplaca aurantia, Caloplaca flavescens, Catillaria chalybeia, Catillaria detractula, Cladonia chlorophaea, Cladonia pocillum, Cladonia polydactyla, Cladonia rangiformis, Clauzadea metzleri, Coenogonium pineti, Flavoparmelia soredians, Hypocenomyce caradocensis, Hypogymnia farinacea, Lathagrium cristatum, Lecania cyrtella, Lecania cyrtellina, Lecania naegelii, Lecanora allophana, Lecanora intumescens, Lecanora subcarpinea, Lecidella euphorea, Lecidella scabra, Lepraria finkii, Lepraria jackii, Loxospora elatina, Micarea coppinsii, Micarea denigrata, Micarea misella, Ochrolechia androgyna, Opegrapha vulgata, Peltigera membranacea, Peltigera neckeri, Pertusaria coccodes, Phaeophyscia endophoenicea, Placynthiella icmalea, Placynthiella oligotropha, Placynthiella uliginosa, Porpidia cinereoatra, Protoblastenia rupestris, Protoparmelia hypotremella, Pseudevernia furfuracea var. ceratea, Punctelia jeckeri, Rhizocarpon geographicum subsp. geographicum, Rinodina pyrina, Sarcogyne regularis, Scytinium pulvinatum, Strangospora pinicola, Toninia physaroides, Trapelia glebulosa, Trapeliopsis granulosa, Xanthoparmelia perrugata.

The genetic diversity of green algal photobionts (chlorobionts) in soil crust forming lichens was studied as part of the SCIN-project (Soil Crust InterNational). A total of 64 lichen samples were collected from four different sites along latitudinal and altitudinal gradients in Europe (Tabernas/Spain; Hochtor-Großglockner/Austria; Gynge Alvar/Sweden; Ruine Homburg/Germany). The dominant lichen species at all four sites was Psora decipiens, often occurring with Buellia elegans, Fulgensia bracteata, F. fulgens and Peltigera rufescens. Genetic identification of chlorobionts was carried out using the nuclear marker (nrITS) and a chloroplast marker (psbL-J). We found P. decipiens to be associated with several different species of Trebouxia and Asterochloris, although previously described to only have Asterochloris sp. The phylogenetic analyses revealed a high chlorobiont diversity with 12 well supported clades, including Trebouxia asymmetrica, T. jamesii, T. impressa and other, as yet taxonomically unidentified clades (Trebouxia sp. URa1-4, T. sp. URa6, T. sp. URa7-13). Additionally, five clades of Asterochloris were identified (A. magna, A. sp. URa14 -17). Most of the chlorobiont species appeared to be cosmopolitan, but five clades were unevenly distributed between the sampling sites with only Trebouxia being found in the warm and dry Spanish habitats and combinations of Trebouxia and Asterochloris in the cooler and more humid habitats. The wide range of chlorobiont species might contribute to the observed domination of P. decipiens at all four research sites of the SCIN project which range from a desert in Spain to an alpine site in the Alps of Austria. (VLID)4424370

Here we report details of the European research initiative “Soil Crust International” (SCIN) focusing on the biodiversity of biological soil crusts (BSC, composed of bacteria, algae, lichens, and bryophytes) and on functional aspects in their specific environment. Known as the so-called “colored soil lichen community” (Bunte Erdflechtengesellschaft), these BSCs occur all over Europe, extending into subtropical and arid regions. Our goal is to study the uniqueness of these BSCs on the regional scale and investigate how this community can cope with large macroclimatic differences. One of the major aims of this project is to develop biodiversity conservation and sustainable management strategies for European BSCs. To achieve this, we established a latitudinal transect from the Great Alvar of Öland, Sweden in the north over Gössenheim, Central Germany and Hochtor in the Hohe Tauern National Park, Austria down to the badlands of Tabernas, Spain in the south. The transect stretches over 20 latitude and 2,300 m in altitude, including natural (Hochtor, Tabernas) and semi-natural sites that require maintenance such as by grazing activities (Öland, Gössenheim). At all four sites BSC coverage exceeded 30 % of the referring landscape, with the alpine site (Hochtor) reaching the highest cyanobacterial cover and the two semi-natural sites (Öland, Gössenheim) the highest bryophyte cover. Although BSCs of the four European sites share a common set of bacteria, algae (including cyanobacteria) lichens and bryophytes, first results indicate not only climate specific additions of species, but also genetic/phenotypic uniqueness of species between the four sites. While macroclimatic conditions are rather different, microclimatic conditions and partly soil properties seem fairly homogeneous between the four sites, with the exception of water availability. Continuous activity monitoring of photosystem II revealed the BSCs of the Spanish site as the least active in terms of photosynthetic active periods. (VLID)4424548

Here we report details of the European research initiative “Soil Crust International” (SCIN) focusing on the biodiversity of biological soil crusts (BSC, composed of bacteria, algae, lichens, and bryophytes) and on functional aspects in their specific environment. Known as the so-called “colored soil lichen community” (Bunte Erdflechtengesellschaft), these BSCs occur all over Europe, extending into subtropical and arid regions. Our goal is to study the uniqueness of these BSCs on the regional scale and investigate how this community can cope with large macroclimatic differences. One of the major aims of this project is to develop biodiversity conservation and sustainable management strategies for European BSCs. To achieve this, we established a latitudinal transect from the Great Alvar of Öland, Sweden in the north over Gössenheim, Central Germany and Hochtor in the Hohe Tauern National Park, Austria down to the badlands of Tabernas, Spain in the south. The transect stretches over 20° latitude and 2,300 m in altitude, including natural (Hochtor, Tabernas) and semi-natural sites that require maintenance such as by grazing activities (Öland, Gössenheim). At all four sites BSC coverage exceeded 30 % of the referring landscape, with the alpine site (Hochtor) reaching the highest cyanobacterial cover and the two semi-natural sites (Öland, Gössenheim) the highest bryophyte cover. Although BSCs of the four European sites share a common set of bacteria, algae (including cyanobacteria) lichens and bryophytes, first results indicate not only climate specific additions of species, but also genetic/phenotypic uniqueness of species between the four sites. While macroclimatic conditions are rather different, microclimatic conditions and partly soil properties seem fairly homogeneous between the four sites, with the exception of water availability. Continuous activity monitoring of photosystem II revealed the BSCs of the Spanish site as the least active in terms of photosynthetic active periods. Version of record

Within the Hohe Tauern National Park (Austria), we studied biological soil crusts (BSCs) in the surroundings of the Hochtor and the Großglockner High Alpine Road (2 500 – 2 600 m). Biological soil crusts (BSCs) consist of cyanobacteria, algae, lichens, and bryophytes, which alter soil factors, including water availability, nutrient content, and susceptibility to erosion. We detected approximately 45 taxa of Cyanoprokaryota and eukaryotic algae, 51 taxa of lichens, and 38 taxa of bryophytes at our study sites, of these the darkcoloured lichen Toniniopsis obscura is dominant. Bryophytes and vascular plants are of minor importance. Compared to uncrusted sites, crust sites exhibit significantly higher contents of organic matter, total nitrogen, and plant-available nutrients. Water storage capacity and aggregate stability are also higher in the crusted soils. Susceptibility to erosion is one fourth lower in crusted soils than in uncrusted soils. Preliminary results also suggest that BSCs are captors for heavy metals as they accumulate higher amounts of atmogenic heavy metals than bare soils.

Als Folge der Verbesserung der Luftqualität innerhalb der letzten zwanzig Jahre stiegen die Anzahl der Flechtenarten und deren Abundanz im Kurgarten und im Schlossgarten von Bad Mergentheim im Taubertal (Baden-Württemberg, Deutschland) an. Die epiphytischen und saxicolen Flechten auf den Mauerwerken und den Gebäuden des Deutschordensschlosses werden aufgelistet. Neu für das Taubertal sind: Arthonia apatetica, Arthonia didyma, Bacidia globulosa, Catillaria nigroclavata, Chaenotheca furfuracea, Chaenotheca stemonea, Cladonia rei, Collema limosum, Gyalecta ulmi, Leproloma vouauxii, Neofuscelia verruculifera, Pachyphiale fagicola, Peltigera hymenina, Pertusaria pustulata, Rinodina calcarea, Rinodina pityrea, Schismatomma decolorans und Verrucaria dolosa. Cladonia acuminata ist neu für die Flechtenflora von Baden-Württemberg., Jahreshefte der Gesellschaft für Naturkunde in Württemberg, Bd. 161 (2005): Jahreshefte der Gesellschaft für Naturkunde in Württemberg, 161. Jahrgang