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Objective: Burn injuries are an important public health problem for all ages. Due to electrical burns high mortality and morbidity rates, they should be evaluated differently from burns from other sources. This study aims to determine factors associated with high-and low-voltage electrical burns in children. Materials and Methods: The records of 72 patients who were treated for electrical burns were analysed. Electrical burns were divided into two groups: low and high voltage. Demographic data, treatment, outcomes were compared between the two groups. Results: In this study, low-voltage electrical burns were detected in 83.3% of the patients, and high-voltage electrical burns were detected in 17.7% of the patients. High-voltage burns were more common in rural residents (p

Congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) is one of the illnesses with high mortality and morbidity rates. The study aims to compare the Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia Study Group (CDHSG) model and PCO

Purpose: In this study, we aimed to give an overview of inguinal hernia in children, recognize the experiences of our clinic and compare them with the literature.Methods: A total of 1185 patients who underwent inguinal hernia repair between August 2016 and February 2022 were included in this study. Patients' age, gender, inguinal hernia type, hernia side, incarceration, contralateral hernia formation, recurrence and other related complications were evaluated. Results: Of the patients, 71% were male, and 29% were female (2.44:1). Patients’ ages ranged from five days to 17 years (mean 51 ± 42 months). Hernia was on the right side in 58.6% patients, on the left side in 30.3% patients, and bilateral in 11.1% patients. Contralateral hernia developed in 2.6% of the patients and there was no difference between gender regarding incidence (p>0.05). Postoperative complications developed in 5.2% of the patients. All eight patients who developed hernia recurrence were male. The proportion of patients who were operated on for incarcerated hernia was 1.7%. Conclusion: There was no difference between the genders regarding the percentage of sides (p>0.05). The rate of recurrent hernia was higher under the age of one. We found that the rate of incarceration increased with low gestational age. We conclude that routine contralateral inguinal exploration is not indicated. The complication rate is higher in patients with multiple comorbidities in hernia patients.

Burns are a major health problem worldwide. Burn injury resulting from making contact with hot objects, direct or indirect contact with flame, and exposure to chemical agents or electric current is usually preventable. In this study, epidemiological data of the patients who had been hospitalised in the burn unit was assessed. The records of 1453 patients who were admitted to the burn unit of Diyarbakir Gazi Yaşargil Training and Research Hospital between July 2008 and April 2018 were retrospectively examined. Out of 1453 cases, 81.7% (1187) were children and 18.3% (266) were adults, 58.3% of the cases were male (847) and 41.7% (606) were females. Patients had a mean age of 11 ± 5 years (1-81 years). The most common cause of burns was contact with hot liquids (82.86%) while other causes were flame burns (12.04%), electrical contact burn (3.02%) contact with chemical substances (2.06%). Most of the cases were found to have burned 10% to 20% of the body surface. Localization was most frequently seen in the lower extremity and less frequently in the upper limb, trunk, head and neck, and perineal regions. The majority of burn injuries are preventable. Therefore, epidemiological studies in the field of burns will provide vital preventive information to develop strategies to reduce injury frequency and spend on health. Because burns are a social problem, prevention efforts require social co-operation. Promotional meetings in schools are important to increase family-school cooperation to inform children of school age, to give lectures and first aid measures to rural areas.

Background: Circumcision is a necessary surgical operation that must be performed by medical doctors at right time and right place. Aim of this study is to evaluate the approach and the knowledge of the families towards circumcision. Materials and Methods: This study is conducted with 498 families with male children. Study is conducted as a survey that is composed of two section, which evaluated the approach and knowledge of the families towards circumcision. Results: %75 of the attendees was thinking that circumcision is an obligation of their belief. %74 of the families were thinking that circumcision is protective against urinary tract infection, %60 of the attendees were thinking that circumcision is a simple procedure that has no complication. Furthermore, %60 of the families had either of the parents as authority for decision. % 33,6 of the families attended to the study pointed out that they performed the procedure at newborn era. % 80,8 of the attendees stated that they prefer hospital as procedure place. %75 of the families that prefer the hospital as operation place stated that they choose hospital because of hygiene. 17% of the families reported that they did not want to have a female doctor circumcised. %25 of the attendees stated that they took information from medical personnel and %77 of these families that their opinions about the procedure might change after briefing. Conclusions: Findings of the study conclude that a significant level of the families do not consider circumcision as a surgical operation, as well as they are not aware of the benefits and complications of the circumcision.

This study was designed to investigate the diagnostic value of platelet distribution width (PDW) and plateletcrit (PCT) for acute appendicitis in childhood. A retrospective review was conducted of the records of 373 patients younger than 18 years who underwent appendectomy. Demographic data, white blood cell count, neutrophil count, and PDW and PCT values were recorded for all patients. A control group was formed of age- and gender-matched healthy children. The study results showed that the PDW level is not valuable as a marker for the diagnosis of acute appendicitis in children. PCT levels were determined to be statistically significantly increased in pediatric acute appendicitis with low specificity.

Objective: Functional daytime incontinence is one of the common urological problems in children. Its etiology is multifactorial and environmental factors and emotional events increase the frequency of incontinence.The objective of this study is to compare the frequency of functional daytime incontinence among Syrian children who were exposed to stressful experiences and Turkish pirmary school children. Method: In study, the sociodemographic data of children between the ages of 6 and 10 who came to pediatric surgery and child health clinics of our hospital between September 2017 and August 2019 were analyzed. A total of 332 Syrian and 341 Turkish children were included in the study. Data collection forms consisting of three sections were created. In the first section, age, gender, height, weight, maternal education level, functional constipation were evaluated. In the second section the depression scale for children was used to evaluate the psychological state of children. In the third section, lower urinary tract symptoms and presence of incontinence in the family were questioned. Families were contacted by phone by two nurses, and one translator independent of the study and data collection forms were filled. Results: The frequency of functional daytime incontinence in Syrian and Turkish children were 6.6% and 5.2% respectively. There were no statistically significant differences between the Syrian and Turkish children in terms of functinal daytime incontinence (p>0.05). Statistically significant differences were not detected among daytime incontinence gender, scores of depression scale for children, body mass index, maternal education level (p>0.05). Statistically significant differences were found among functional daytime incontinence and positive family hisftory, enuresis nocturna, and functional constipation (p

Objective Although acute appendicitis is the most common emergency surgical pathology it is not easy to diagnose in pediatric patients. This study aims to compare the accuracy of Raja Isteri Pengiran Anak Saleha Appendicitis (RIPASA) and Alvarado scores in the diagnosis of acute appendicitis in children. Methodology Demographic data, examination findings, leukocyte count, neutrophil percentage, urine analysis and radiology reports of 163 consecutive patients who were underwent surgery for acute appendicitis were recorded. RIPASA and Alvarado scores of patients were calculated prospectively. Cutoff value was >7.5 for RIPASA score , ≥7 for Alvarado score. The accuracy of the diagnosis was confirmed by the histopathology result. The accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, area under the ROC curve of the RIPASA vs. Alvarado scores were evaluated. Results Negative appendectomy rate was 11.1%. The accuracy rate was 76.1% in the RIPASA score vs. 68.7% in the Alvarado score. The sensitivity and specificity values were 77.9%, 61.1% for RIPASA score vs. 68.2%, 72.2% for Alvarado score, respectively. Positive predictive value was 94.1% and negative predictive value was 25.5% for RIPASA score vs. 95.1%, 22.1%, respectively for Alvarado score. The area under the ROC curve was 0.74 for RIPASA score vs. 0.68 for Alvarado score, with no statistically significant difference between the two scores (p> 0.05). Conclusions RIPASA and Alvarado scores are not superior to each other in the diagnosis of acute appendicitis in children. Clinical examination, laboratory and radiology were more valuable in the diagnosis of acute appendicitis in children.

Purpose: Functional constipation is a frequent gastrointestinal problem in childhood. Although the etiology is multifactorial, stres plays a major role in primary school children. The objective of this study is to compare the frequency of functional constipation among Syrian children who were exposed to stressful experiences and Turkish children. Material and Methods: The sociodemographic data of children between the ages of 6 and 10 who admitted to pediatric surgery and child health clinics of our hospital between September 2017 and August 2019 were retrospectively analyzed. A total of 332 Syrian and 413 Turkish children was included. Data collection forms consisting of three parts were created. In the first part, age, gender, height, weight, eating habits, maternal education level, economic status of the family, and family history of constipation were evaluated. In the second and third sections, the criteria of Rome IV and using school toilet were questioned. Families were personally contacted via phone by two nurses independent of the study, and data collection forms were filled. Results: The frequencies of functional constipation in Syrian and Turkish children were 23.7%, and 18.8%, respectively. There were no statistically significant differences between the Syrian and Turkish children in terms of age, gender, body mass index, family history of constipation and eating habits. Statistically significant differences were determined between Turkish and Syrian children with regard to parent education level (p, Amaç: Fonksiyonel kabızlık çocuklarda en sık görülen gastrointestinal patolojilerden biridir. Etiyolojisi multifaktöriyel olmasına rağmen ilkokul çocuklarında stresin rolü büyüktür. Bu çalışmanın amacı stresli yaşam olaylarına maruz kalmış Suriyeli göçmen ve Türkiyeli çocuklarda fonksiyonel kabızlık sıklığını karşılaştırmaktır. Araçlar ve Yöntem: Çalışmada Eylül 2017 – Ağustos 2019 tarihleri arasında hastanemizin çocuk cerrahisi ve çocuk sağlığı polikliniğine başvuran 6-10 yaş aralığındaki çocukların sosyodemografik verileri retrospektif olarak incelendi. Çalışmaya 332 Suriyeli ve 413 Türkiyeli çocuk dahil edildi. Üç bölümden oluşan veri toplama formları oluşturuldu. İlk bölümde yaş, cinsiyet, boy, kilo, beslenme alışkanlığı, anne eğitim düzeyi, ailenin ekonomik durumu, ailede kabızlık varlığı değerlendirildi. İkinci ve üçüncü bölümde Roma IV kriterleri ve okul tuvaletinin kullanılması sorgulandı. Veri toplama formları çalışmadan bağımsız iki hemşire tarafından ailelere telefonla ulaşılarak dolduruldu. Bulgular: Fonksiyonel kabızlık sıklığı Suriyeli göçmen çocuklarda %23,7, Türkiyeli çocuklarda ise %18,8 idi (p>0,05). Suriyeli ve Türkiyeli çocuklar arasında yaş, cinsiyet, vücut kitle indeksi, ailede kabızlık öyküsü, beslenme alışkanlıkları açısından istatistiksel anlamlı farklılık yoktu (p>0,05). Suriyeli ve Türkiyeli çocuklar arasında ebeveyn eğitim düzeyi açısından istatistiksel anlamlı farklık saptandı (p

Background To compare the clinical, biochemical, and histopathological features of patients who underwent appendectomy due to a presumed diagnosis of acute appendicitis (AAp). Methods The demographic, biochemical and histopathological data of 8206 patients who underwent appendectomy for AAp between January 2006 and March 2014 were retrospectively analyzed in this study. Patients were compared regarding the following characteristics: disruption by season (autumn vs. winter vs. spring vs. summer), working days (weekdays vs. weekends), histopathological findings (AAp vs. normal appendix [NAp]) and histopathological subgroup (non-perforated AAp vs. perforated AAp vs. NAp). Results Of the 8206 patients aged between 16 and 89 years, 4763 (58.0%) were male. Appendectomy distribution by season was as follows: autumn (n=1959; 23.9%), winter (n=2062; 25.1%), spring (n=2061; 25.1%) and summer (n=2124, 25.9%). NAp rates were higher in summer than those in other seasons. White blood cell (WBC) and neutrophil levels were significantly higher in autumn and winter compared with those in other seasons. In total, 6120 (74.6%) appendectomies occurred on weekdays and 2086 (25.4%) on weekends. WBC and neutrophil levels were significantly higher on weekends than those on weekdays. Appendectomy distribution by histopathological groups as follows: AAp (n=7414; 90.3%) and NAp (n=792; 9.7%). Appendectomy distribution by histopathological subgroups was as follows: non-perforated AAp (n=6966; 84.9%), perforated AAp (n=448; 5.5%), and NAp (n=792; 9.7%). WBC, neutrophil, and TBil levels in the non-perforated and perforated AAp groups were significantly higher than in the NAp group. While most of the patients with perforated AAp (62.1%) and non-perforated AAp (59.6%) were males, most of the patients with NAp (58.1%) were females. Conclusion This study suggests that a relationship exists between demographic features, histopathological findings of appendectomy specimens, seasons, days of the week, and working days in patients undergoing appendectomy.

INTRODUCTION: Functional constipation is a frequently seen gastrointestinal problem in childhood. Rome IV criteria have been proposed in recent years for the diagnosis of functional constipation. The objective of this study is to evaluate frequency of functional constipation in primary school children using the Rome IV criteria and to evaluate the factors associated with functional constipation. METHODS: A primary school was chosen in the center of Diyarbakır Province was chosen between January 2019 and February 2019 for a prospective cross-sectional epidemiological study. A total of 535 cases aged 6-10 years were included in the study. Data collection forms consisting of three parts were distributed to 1.000 students. In the first part, age, gender, height, weight, maternal education level, family economic level were evaluated. In the second part, the habit of eating, participating in physical activities, the time spent sitting in front of TV or computer, delaying the need to use toilet voluntarily, and in the third section, the criteria of Rome IV and the use of the school toilet were questioned. RESULTS: The incidence of functional constipation according to the Rome IV criteria was 24.8 percent. No statistically significant relationship was determined in respect of age, gender, body mass index, maternal education level, family economic level, physical activity or time spent on watching television. There was a statistically significant relationship between consumption of few vegetables and fruits, food with very low fiber content and not using school toilets and functional constipation (p

The aim of this study is to emphasize the importance of rare histopathological findings in appendix specimens of pediatric patients who underwent surgery for the preliminary (underwent appendectomy to treat an initial diagnosis) diagnosis of acute appendicitis. In this study, the demographic and histopathologic data of 1683 patients who underwent surgery for (presumed acute appendicitis) acute appendicitis between 2011 and 2017 were retrospectively evaluated. Appendectomy specimens were classified microscopically as appendix vermiformis, lymphoid hyperplasia, acute appendicitis, phlegmonous appendicitis, gangrenous appendicitis, perforated appendicitis, and unusual histopathological findings. Age, sex, clinical features, surgical reports, and macroscopic and microscopic features of appendix vermiformis were evaluated in patients with unusual histopathological findings. Ages of these 1683 patients ranged between 6 months and 17 years; among them, 1091 were men and 592 were women. Pathology reports included acute appendicitis (n = 827), phlegmonous appendicitis (n = 300), lymphoid hyperplasia (n = 274), perforated appendicitis (n = 181), appendix vermiformis (n = 50), gangrenous appendicitis (n = 3), and abnormal findings (n = 48). Of the 48 patients who were detected to have unusual findings, 32 were women and 16 were men and their ages ranged from 6 to 17 years. The frequency of unusual histopathological findings were as follows: Enterobius vermicularis (n = 37), fibrous obliteration (n = 6), neuroendocrine tumor (n = 2), mucinous neoplasm (n = 1), pseudodivericulitis (n = 1), and foreign body in the lumen (n = 1). No tumor recurrence or distant metastasis developed during the 2-year follow-up in any of the three patients detected to have a tumor. Even if the appendectomy specimen is normal during the surgery, histopathologic evaluation is necessary for the diagnosis of diseases that require treatment and follow-up after surgery.

Paraurethral or Skene’s duct cyst is a rare cause of masses located in the inter-labial genitor-urinary region and their etiology is not fully known. These congenital cysts may be diagnosed easily by inspection in the initial physical examination of the new-borne. Radiological evaluation is helpful for differential diagnosis and in determining the proximal extension of the cystic pathology. Treatment alternatives are needle aspiration and non-surgical follow-ups leading to a spontaneous regression and surgery. In this report the radiological findings of a female newborn diagnosed with paraurethral cyst in US and MR examinations have been discussed.