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GeoERA Minerals projects have produced data aimed at supporting Europe’s minerals sector and to assist the European Commission to realise its goals for raw materials. Data has been compiled on mineral occurrences and mineral provinces across Europe, in particular, areas with potential to host Critical Raw Materials. Anecdotal evidence from the minerals sector provides an indication of the likelihood of exploration leading to mine development. For every 1,000 mineral showings examined, only 100 may receive further exploration work and of those 100, only 10 may warrant more detailed sampling either through trenching, drilling or other means and of those 10 only 1 may proceed to an evaluation through a full feasibility study which itself has only 50% chance of being positive. Following this, any project for which a mine proposal is made must undergo a full evaluation and permitting by authorities including full public consultation. The proposal may or may not pass this scrutiny. In terms of a schedule, the generally accepted minimum time frame from discovery to production is 10 years and usually much more, up to 20 years. info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion

D.5.6 is the last deliverable of the work package 5 of the FRAME project. The two previous deliverables D5.4 and the D5.5 report the deliverable of the final work package data and products. All these three deliverables are related to products and data where the main results are presented on the web only. D5.6 with the title: Provide INSPIRE-compliant harmonised data on deposits and prospects of natural graphite, lithium and cobalt aims to deliver the data collected by the work package, to the GeoEra consortium and to upload the raw data, as comma separated file (CSV) format, to the European Geological Data Infrastructure (EGDI). The CSV file can then be integrated and downloaded to be used individually or with other data sets and web applications. Data is harmonised according to INSPIRE data specifications as far as it is possible. Since the main product of this deliverable is the release of the raw data and its availability on the net, this deliverable will be very concise. N/A

Submitted by CV Deposit (cvuser@cienciavitae.pt) on 2021-09-13T11:50:35Z No. of bitstreams: 2 FRAME_D_3_5_final.pdf: 6439256 bytes, checksum: 303711d5cde1dc2cb8bc6882f333ea40 (MD5) package.zip: 6065868 bytes, checksum: 996115a909304f8b016820e737dbfc26 (MD5) Approved for entry into archive by Paula Candeias (paula.candeias@lneg.pt) on 2021-11-04T10:05:26Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 package.zip: 6065868 bytes, checksum: 996115a909304f8b016820e737dbfc26 (MD5) FRAME_D_3_5_final.pdf: 6439256 bytes, checksum: 303711d5cde1dc2cb8bc6882f333ea40 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2021-11-04T10:05:27Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 package.zip: 6065868 bytes, checksum: 996115a909304f8b016820e737dbfc26 (MD5) FRAME_D_3_5_final.pdf: 6439256 bytes, checksum: 303711d5cde1dc2cb8bc6882f333ea40 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2021-06 N/A

Submitted by CV Deposit (cvuser@cienciavitae.pt) on 2021-09-13T11:48:15Z No. of bitstreams: 2 FRAME_D5.5_final.pdf: 468653 bytes, checksum: fa01c103e6b61cd80768a62ddcade543 (MD5) package.zip: 453344 bytes, checksum: 87ceb4faf30ba72419cc4688193ec666 (MD5) Approved for entry into archive by Paula Candeias (paula.candeias@lneg.pt) on 2021-11-03T16:03:11Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 package.zip: 453344 bytes, checksum: 87ceb4faf30ba72419cc4688193ec666 (MD5) FRAME_D5.5_final.pdf: 468653 bytes, checksum: fa01c103e6b61cd80768a62ddcade543 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2021-11-03T16:03:11Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 package.zip: 453344 bytes, checksum: 87ceb4faf30ba72419cc4688193ec666 (MD5) FRAME_D5.5_final.pdf: 468653 bytes, checksum: fa01c103e6b61cd80768a62ddcade543 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2021-05 N/A

Submitted by CV Deposit (cvuser@cienciavitae.pt) on 2021-09-13T11:47:13Z No. of bitstreams: 2 FRAME_D5.4_final.pdf: 590080 bytes, checksum: 5b38b8abf35d9ff8197bce62858171f2 (MD5) package.zip: 578708 bytes, checksum: ccd0f68836f2e6932e34cb7721681281 (MD5) Approved for entry into archive by Paula Candeias (paula.candeias@lneg.pt) on 2021-11-03T15:08:00Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 package.zip: 578708 bytes, checksum: ccd0f68836f2e6932e34cb7721681281 (MD5) FRAME_D5.4_final.pdf: 590080 bytes, checksum: 5b38b8abf35d9ff8197bce62858171f2 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2021-11-03T15:08:00Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 package.zip: 578708 bytes, checksum: ccd0f68836f2e6932e34cb7721681281 (MD5) FRAME_D5.4_final.pdf: 590080 bytes, checksum: 5b38b8abf35d9ff8197bce62858171f2 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2021-05 N/A

Lithium, cobalt and natural graphite are essential for energy storage technologies. Lithium and cobalt are used in rechargeable batteries. Natural graphite is used as refractory for steel production, but its consumption for batteries is growing significantly. Demand for these elements is expected to surge with the increasing electrification in the transport sector. Both natural graphite and cobalt are critical raw materials (CRM) for the EU, while lithium is above the supply risk threshold. As these elements are produced outside Europe, their supply for the European industry is potentially a threat. To address this issue, the FRAME project has been designed to research CRM in Europe that are essential for "green" energy supply technologies. An objective of FRAME is to produce predictive assessments of CRM based on GIS exploration tools at continental scale, in order to identify high potential mineral provinces and mining districts. In this contribution, we present mineral prospectivity maps of Europe for primary lithium, cobalt and graphite. They are based on CBA ("Cell Based Association") that is an alternative to GIS supported prospectivity methods, developed by BRGM to better manage uncertainties related to cartographic data (e.g., lithological contours or point locations). We present the approach, benefits for continental scale MPM and results. We have also applied a classical Weight of Evidence (WofE) method and hybrid fuzzy WofE model for mineral potential mapping that generates fuzzy predictor patterns based on (a) knowledge-based fuzzy membership values and (b) data-based conditional probabilities applied to a comparison of the results.

(1) Laboratório Nacional de Energia e Geologia (LNEG), Portugal; (2) Geological Survey of Sweden, Box 670, SE-751 28 Uppsala, Sweden; (3) BRGM/ French Geological Survey, 3 avenue Claude Guillemin, BP 36009, 45060 Orléans Cedex 2 France; (4) Institut Royal des Sciences Naturelles de Belgique, Rue Vautier 29, 1000 Bruxelles; 5Geological Survey of Norway, Postal Box 6315 Torgarden, NO-7491 Trondheim, Norway; (6) Geological Survey of Finland, Lähteentie 2, P.O. Box 77, FI-96101, Rovaniemi, Finland; (7)Federal Institute for Geosciences and Natural Resources, Geozentrum Hannover, Stilleweg 2, D-30655 Hannover, Germany The EU’s Green Deal policy recognises that Europe needs a new growth strategy that transforms the Union into a modern, resource-efficient and competitive economy where 1- there are no net emissions of greenhouse gases by 2050 and 2-economic growth is coupled to efficient use of resources.