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Objective: Anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF) and cervical vertebral body replacement of (VBR) are associated with a relatively low rate of complications. Yet, C5 nerve root palsy (C5P) is a severe one, ranging from 3 to 15% of patients referring to current literature. Its pathogenesis [for full text, please go to the a.m. URL]

Objective: Pedicle screw (PS) placement in the cervical spine is technically demanding and poses a special challenge to the spine surgeon due to the small cervical pedicle diameter and the vicinity to the vertebral artery, nerve roots and spinal cord. In addition or because of the aforementioned reasons[for full text, please go to the a.m. URL], 66. Jahrestagung der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Neurochirurgie (DGNC)

Osteopenia, osteoporosis, and low bone mineral density are frequent in patients with HIV. We assessed the 96 week loss of bone mineral density associated with a nucleoside or nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NtRTI)-sparing regimen. Antiretroviral-naive adults with HIV were enrolled in 78 clinical sites in 15 European countries into a randomised (1:1), open-label, non-inferiority trial (NEAT001/ANRS143) assessing the efficacy and safety of darunavir (800 mg once per day) and ritonavir (100 mg once per day) plus either raltegravir (400 mg twice per day; NtRTI-sparing regimen) or tenofovir (245 mg once per day) and emtricitabine (200 mg once per day; standard regimen). For this bone-health substudy, 20 of the original sites in six countries participated, and any patient enrolled at one of these sites who met the following criteria was eligible: plasma viral loads greater than 1000 HIV RNA copies per mL and CD4 cell counts of fewer than 500 cells per μL, except in those with symptomatic HIV infection. Exclusion criteria included treatment for malignant disease, testing positive for hepatitis B virus surface antigen, pregnancy, creatinine clearance less than 60 mL per min, treatment for osteoporosis, systemic steroids, or oestrogen-replacement therapy. The two primary endpoints were the mean percentage changes in lumbar spine and total hip bone mineral density at week 48, assessed by dual energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) scans. We did the analysis with an intention-to-treat-exposed approach with antiretroviral modifications ignored. The parent trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT01066962, and is closed to new participants. Between Aug 2, 2010, and April 18, 2011, we recruited 146 patients to the substudy, 70 assigned to the NtRTI-sparing regimen and 76 to the standard regimen. DXA data were available for 129, 121 and 107 patients at baseline, 48 and 96 weeks respectively. At week 48, the mean percentage loss in bone mineral density in the lumbar spine was greater in the standard group than in the NtRTI-sparing group (mean percentage change -2.49% vs -1.00%, mean percentage difference -1.49, 95% CI -2.94 to -0.04; p=0.046). Total hip bone mineral density loss was similarly greater at week 48 in the standard group than in the NtRTI-sparing group (mean percentage change -3.30% vs -0.73%; mean percentage difference -2.57, 95% CI -3.75 to -1.35; p

Objective: Spine fractures in patients with ankylosing spondylitis often occur after minor trauma. Moribund patients and complex surgical procedures make the treatment of these patients a challenging task. Only few series are published and treatment guidelines are missing. Method: Retrospective review[for full text, please go to the a.m. URL], 65. Jahrestagung der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Neurochirurgie (DGNC)

Objective: Delayed cerebral ischemia following SAH is a serious complication that substantially worsens the outcome of patients who survive the first days after bleeding. Aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between clinical deterioration, perfusion deficit on CT and angiographic vasospasm.[for full text, please go to the a.m. URL], 63. Jahrestagung der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Neurochirurgie (DGNC), Joint Meeting mit der Japanischen Gesellschaft für Neurochirurgie (JNS)

SummaryA study was carried out to evaluate the long-term effects and side-effects of a combination product containing the beta-blocker pindolol (10 mg) and the diuretic clopamide (5 mg) in 15 patients with moderate hypertension. AN patients completed the 2-years' study. The dose of the combination was increased until blood pressure normalized or a maximum dose of 3 tablets (equivalent to 30 mg pindolol and 15 mg clopamide) daily was reached. Blood pressure and heart rate were recorded monthly and detailed medical examinations were done regularly throughout the study. A mean dose of 2 tablets of the combination product (20 mg pindolol and 10 mg clopamide) produced a significant reduction in blood pressure. In all but 1 patient, blood pressure control was achieved and maintained. No toleratice developed. Heart volume showed a marked decrease. No side-effects of clinical importance were noted.

The study procedures and the results of blood pressure screening from 8 centres are reported. Data are also presented on age, sex, sexual maturity for girls, height, weight, Quetelet's index, smoking, and use of antihypertensive drugs for 92.1% of the 18 609 children born in 1964 in the 8 districts and surveyed in 1977. The girls who had reached sexual maturity had the highest means for blood pressure, height, weight, and Quetelet's index. The proportion of girls who had attained menarche differed geographically. Certain differences were found among the 8 centres in the variables measured, but when age-specific comparisons were made most of the differences in the variables disappeared. Nevertheless a lower systolic blood pressure and height and a higher pulse rate were observed in Havana, Cuba, than in the European cities. Using multivariate analysis, height, weight, pulse rate, age at survey, and sexual maturity together explained somewhat less than 20% and 10% of the variation of systolic and diastolic blood pressures, respectively. These screening data provide a baseline for a longitudinal study that will continue until 1982.