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Any crisis situation is a challenge for libraries. The pandemic caused by COVID - 19 cannot be compared with other crisis situations encountered by libraries. This crisis has profoundly affected the activities of libraries, their presence in the community, their relations with users, and even their mission and vision of institutional development policies and strategies. Forced to carry out most of their activities online, libraries have reorganized and resized their activities and have looked for new ways to best adapt to the digital environment. At the same time, the crisis situation is also an opportunity to analyse the risks and vulnerabilities that they are obliged to face and to develop institutional development strategies that protect and benefit libraries in a competitive environment such as the digital environment. Thus, libraries become concerned with strengthening their online presence, making and publishing their own digital content from their own collections, producing value-added products and services, reaffirming the heritage function by which they constitute and promote the cultural, social, and scientific memory of the community they serve, and partnering with similar institutions in order to ensure mutual support and resource sharing. This study presents a brief analysis of the online presence of Romanian libraries. The contemporary library thus institutionally redefines itself, in terms of its mission, specific activities, products and services, of its presence in the digital competitive environment so that it can effectively fulfil its role at the level of the community it serves and of society as a whole.

Any crisis situation is a challenge for libraries. The pandemic caused by COVID - 19 cannot be compared with other crisis situations encountered by libraries. This crisis has profoundly affected the activities of libraries, their presence in the community, their relations with users, and even their mission and vision of institutional development policies and strategies. Forced to carry out most of their activities online, libraries have reorganized and resized their activities and have looked for new ways to best adapt to the digital environment. At the same time, the crisis situation is also an opportunity to analyse the risks and vulnerabilities that they are obliged to face and to develop institutional development strategies that protect and benefit libraries in a competitive environment such as the digital environment. Thus, libraries become concerned with strengthening their online presence, making and publishing their own digital content from their own collections, producing value-added products and services, reaffirming the heritage function by which they constitute and promote the cultural, social, and scientific memory of the community they serve, and partnering with similar institutions in order to ensure mutual support and resource sharing. This study presents a brief analysis of the online presence of Romanian libraries. The contemporary library thus institutionally redefines itself, in terms of its mission, specific activities, products and services, of its presence in the digital competitive environment so that it can effectively fulfil its role at the level of the community it serves and of society as a whole. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

"Cartea Românească" Publishing House was established on August 19, 1919. The stated objective of the founding members was to create an editorial institution that will contribute to the printing of cheap literary and scientific works, meant to meet people's needs and to support education and emancipation of the Romanians. "Cartea Românească" also had its own system of bibliographic information: the monthly "Romanian Book Bulletin" and the bi-annual editorial catalogs. Another periodical launched by the publishing house was the "Laboratories Bulletin" that presented world-wide scientific achievements and the contributions of the Romanian scientists. Thus, the "Cartea Românească" managed to impose its own editorial and economic model, which led to an increased loyalty of its readers. Besides documents, the publishing house promoted and sold teaching materials and stationery products. A wise institutional policy individualized the publishing house on the Romanian market and made it known in the European space, by participation in numerous international book fairs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The current library differs significantly from the library of past decades and centuries. The contemporary public library must redefine itself as a public institution, it must diversify its activities and services so that it can cope with the social, technological and cultural transformations in the community environment it serves. The contemporary public library contributes to the establishment and preservation of the local documentary heritage being the most relevant expression of community memory and is also the community space that allows free and non-discriminatory access to information, education and culture with a decisive contribution to social inclusion. The Library - User - Community Triangle summarizes the place and role of the library in society and in the community space. Each element of the triangle decisively influences the other two elements. Changes in the community space, requirements and new information needs of users lead to essential changes in the functions and activities of the library. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Any crisis situation is a challenge for libraries. The pandemic caused by COVID-19 cannot be compared with other crisis situations encountered by libraries. This crisis has profoundly affected the activities of libraries, their presence in the community space, relations with users and even their mission and vision on institutional development policies and strategies. Forced to carry out online most of their regular activities, libraries have reorganized and resized their activities and sought new ways to better adapt to the digital environment. At the same time, the crisis situation is also an opportunity for a lucid analysis of the risks and vulnerabilities they are forced to face and to develop institutional development strategies to protect and benefit libraries in a competitive environment such as the digital environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The documentary and informational resources available on the web are of a wide typological variety: traditional documentary resources transposed into digital format, databases of different types, image resources, video resources, institutional and patrimonial funds (museums, archives, libraries, etc.), documents in digital format without printed equivalent; grey literature; presentation and thematic web sites, mass media; most diverse IT applications. The publications with digital content available on the web, either in free access or with restricted access by different criteria, has a number of effects on all actors and factors involved. There are implications for the published resources, on the personal data of authors, creators and users, on data of responsible institutional structures, on providers of Internet products and services, and on systems and software applications. The risks and vulnerabilities of the digital environment concern computer infrastructure, specific standards and rules, legal aspects, socio-economic aspects, digital behaviour, and information literacy. Each category of vulnerabilities requires specific approaches and strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Revista Bibliotecii Nationale a României is the property of Biblioteca Nationala a Romaniei and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In a traditional editorial model for the development and broadcasting information and documentary resources - be it a book, a periodical or any other written document - the main basic components are author, editor and distributor / bookshop seller / person responsible for the distribution and sale of documents. The author - reader model of communication in a digital environment keeps relatively few features of the traditional one, making the actors involved redefine their specific attributions. Thus, an author remains the intellectual responsible person for the information product. The building-up of information is a creative process: it represents the result of an inner working process, an intellectual and technological process resulting in an information and documentary product meeting a certain need for information. The authors of information are, usually, scientific and professional communities, scientific and educational institutions, administrative institutions and other types of organisations, and individuals independent from any type of organisational structure. Contemporary authors are increasingly dependent on electronic context and on everything else related to it. An editor is the first intermediary of a scientific, professional or literary work between the author and user (reader). An editor is responsible for the physical achievement of a work in agreement with publication and distribution standards. Producing and marketing books and other documents have an economic dimension. In the virtual space, the Internet, the editor's field and the field of the bookseller intersect increasingly, while booksellers lose in front of the editor who chooses to sell his own products. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Într-un model editorial tradiţional de creare şi difuzare a unei resurse de informare sau a unui document, fie că este o carte, fie un periodic sau orice alt document scris, componentele de bază sunt: autorul, editorul şi difuzorul / librarul / responsabilul cu distribuirea şi vânzarea documentelor. Modelul de comunicare autor-cititor în mediul digital păstrează relativ puţine caracteristici din cel tradiţional, obligând astfel actorii implicaţi să îşi redefinească atribuţiile specifice. Autorul rămâne responsabilul intelectual al produsului informaţional. Construcţia informaţiei este un proces creativ; reprezintă rezultatul unui proces intern de lucru, un proces intelectual şi tehnologic în urma căruia rezultă un produs de informare şi documentare adecvat unei nevoi precise de informare. Actorii construcţiei informaţiei sunt, de regulă: comunităţile ştiinţifice şi profesionale; instituţii ştiinţifice şi de învăţământ; instituţii administrative şi alte tipuri de organizaţii; indivizi independenţi de orice tip de structură organizaţională. Autorul contemporan este tot mai dependent de contextul electronic în activităţile sale, cu tot ce presupune acesta. Editorul este primul intermediar al unei lucrări ştiinţifice, profesionale sau literare între autor şi utilizator sau cititor. Editorul este responsabilul de realizarea fizică a unei lucrări în acord cu normele acceptate de publicare şi difuzare. Producerea şi comercializarea cărţilor şi a altor documente au în primul rând o dimensiune economică. În spaţiul virtual, Internet, câmpul editorului şi al librarului se intersectează tot mai mult, iar librarul pierde teren în faţa editorului care preferă să-şi vândă singur propriile produse. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Starting with the 21st century, the profession of librarian has undergone a spectacular transformation becoming one of the most complex professions. Been regarded for a long time as a profession of the humanities field, in recent decades, it has become more and more a profession of the socio-technical field, requiring skills of library and information science, communication, ICT, foreign languages, and a solid general knowledge in various fields. The training of the librarians have to become a symbiosis between the theoretical development of the field and the actual requirements of the labor market, the collaboration between the professional associations and the trainers being absolutely necessary. Last but not least, the graduation of specialized studies have to be a mandatory condition for employment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents, in a general way, the school library referential characteristics, its specific functions and activities and how they can be measured and evaluated by specific indicators. The school library is the institutional structure with no legal personality, legal and administrative integrated to an educational centre, which ensures its material necessities, with relative autonomy - as a separate service. Being usually run by only one librarian, he receives administrative and managerial tasks for the library. The school library fulfils the functions of information and documentation (informational and technological dimension of the library), educational, cultural, social. The indicators of library activities are a practical and theoretical referential that can provide information on sizing and utility of collections, user satisfaction, efficient use of information resources, human, financial, technological allocated, positioning a library in a hierarchy of school libraries, etc. Also, we have to mention that a realistic and fair assessment helps the library in dialogue with its hierarchical stakeholders entrusted with its operation, showing the usefulness and importance of such a structure in the served school community. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Library and Information Science celebrates 25 years of modern existence. An analysis of this period shows a permanent modernisation of this subject and its synchronisation with European realities at both teaching and research levels. The evolution of this subject is determined by the dynamics of the field, the quick evolution of the information and documenting trades in close relationship with science progress and information technologies. This major ensures academic training (Bachelor, Master, and Doctor) and post-graduation studies and is involved in research projects relevant for the field and the labour market. Exigencies of the information-related trades and the appearance of new jobs are challenges for this academic major. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The distributor and the bookseller represent, after the publisher, the second entities to intermediate in the information channel between the author and the reader. Bookshops, in their traditional form, seem to go through a difficult period caused by the evolution of the internet and of the digital documents; however, they remain the same institutional structures which are to give access to documents and information by means of a trading operation. Online distribution and sale platforms offer both printed (by means of apps for buy and sell ) and digital works. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Besides the internal, personal intelectual activity, the electronic environment with its new writing, reading and information communication technologies reshape the literary and scientific production process. The authors, in order to maintain full control over the achievement of their own works, have to acquire theoretical knowledge and practical skills on infomation, documentation and communication in the Internet network, on databases, on the publishing and presentation rules and norms specific to the digital context. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Romanian library science school alongside with philological university education celebrates 150 years of existence. Great personalities of the Romanian culture like Ioan Bianu, Nerva Hodoş, Nicolae Georgescu Tistu, Dan Simonescu, Mircea Tomescu, Cornelui Dima Drăgan, Gheorghe Buluţă, Mircea Regneală contributed to the affirmation of the library science domain as an academic and research domain in the Romanian space. We are trying with this article to bring them again into the attention of the philological public and to mention their fundamental works which are basic works in the specialized bibliographies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Romanian library science school alongside with philological university education celebrates 150 years of existence. Not being, at the beginning, an institutional structure as known today, the specialization in library science was considered as a fundamental part of philological education. Great personalities as Ioan Bianu, Nerva Hodoş, Nicolae Georgescu Tistu, Dan Simonescu contributed to the affirmation of the library science domain as an academic and research domain in Romania. Starting with 1990 we find again the library science specialization in various universities in the country and the largest development is found at the Bucharest University. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article aims to synthesize the actions for preservation and valorization the documentary patrimony through digitization and creation the Romanian Digital Library. There are underlined the provisions of the Public Policy for digitization and the principles to achieve the national digital library. In the same time, there are mentioned activities and projects relevant for creating digital content that expresses the cultural and scientific patrimony from the national library system libraries. The insufficient human and financial resources and technological means, as well as the lack of commitment and project postponing at national level reduce the achievement of the Romanian Digital library to the efforts of some institutions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of the "Manuscriptorium" digital library is to provide online access to works part of the written cultural heritage dated before 1800, particularly to manuscripts and old books, as well as to other archival documents (historical documents, administrative documents, maps, etc.). "Manuscriptorium" is the result of the collaboration between digital content providers (libraries, archives) and administrators of digital platforms. Any cultural institution part of the libraries, museums, and archives category which holds documents suitable to be integrated to the digital library and meets the minimum technical requirements can become a partner of the project. The National Library of Romania contributed to the "Manuscriptorium/ENRICH" project with 393 documents, of which 109 (Romanian books) are part of the Special Collections based in Bucharest and the other 284 are part of the "Batthyaneum" Branch in Alba Iulia. Through the "Manuscriptorium" digital library, Romanian documents and collections can also be found in other European databases and digital libraries to which "Manuscriptorium" is an aggregator or digital content contributor. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The role of a national library in society is to capitalize and to preserve the national intellectual heritage by organizing it, processing it, ensuring the access and availability of all media. The mission, functions and the specific prerogatives of the National Library of Romania (NLR) determine special types of users. A specific category of users are businesses coming from the publishing and media sector, or public from education or research areas. Another category of users are the libraries and the librarians from the National System of Libraries. The National Library of Romania acts as an encyclopedic library, thus individual users are an extremely heterogeneous group and come from various categories, environments and ages. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Within the framework of Manuscriptorim project coordinated by the National Library of the Czech Republic, the National Library of Romania started the program of digitizing the most valuable collections of old books and manuscripts. The paper details the methods and techniques used between the two libraries to implement the project, creation of the metadata and description of the books and manuscripts selected. The Romanian contribution to the project reflects the main stages of the evolution of printing between XVI and XVIII century in the historical provinces inhabited by Romanians. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Since the beginning of the XXth century when separation between current collections and special collections become a necessity, a whole corpus of issues emerged requiring a different approach from the librarians. Special collections contain a diverse typology of documents from the oldest manuscripts to the museum collections and there are the most precious fonds of a library. Retrospective acquisition and donations are the main sources of enrichment of special collections. When deciding which document deserves to be placed in a special collection there are followed the IFLA bibliophily criteria. The most important criteria are: age, rarity, edition and copy particularity. For cataloguing and description international standards are used, ISBD, for each type of document: ISBD(A) for old books and manuscripts, ISBD(CM) for cartographic materials, ISBD(S) for old periodicals and ISBD(NBM) for non-book materials. The activity of preserving and conservation is strictly regulated by law to ensure proper conditions of storage, handling and displaying the special collections materials. Digitizing offers a larger and safer access to these collections and became a priority for the libraries in the last years. These collections, part of the national cultural heritage are protected by law and according with their patrimonial value are set to be included into two large fonds: patrimony and thesaurus [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

National Library of Romania is involved in various international projects aiming to create valuable digital content relevant to the European cultural memory. Since 2007, the library is connected in the following projects: TEL plus - set out to strengthen, extend and improve The European Library service by adding digital cultural and scientific/scholarly content and improving access to it, also to sustain Romanian and Bulgarian national libraries (two of the newest Member States) make their content available through The European Library and became full members of The European Library; ENRICH - European Networking Resources and Information concerning Cultural Heritage/ Manuscriptorium - project aimed to enhance access to digital image of old documents from different European cultural institutions and to build and deploy virtual research environment for the study of manuscripts, rare and old printed books; REDISCOVER - Reunion of Dispersed Content: Virtual Evaluation and Reconstruction - the main purpose of the project is to gather, virtually reconstruct and make accessible of medieval and renaissance collection dispersed during the late Middle Ages and early modern period, especially in period of Thirty year's war. The project activities take into account: selection according to a series of criteria, digitisation and integration of materials in a digital library performed on Manuscriptorium.com platform. National Library of Romania will further run two other international projects based on digitisation activities: Balkan Routes. Online digital collections - a project purposing to digitally available a French documentary corpus of rare and precious books from Balkan libraries; VERMANEL - Vernacular Manuscripts în European Libraries - a project with the aim to digitize and describe medieval German manuscripts of middle and eastern European provenance, that can be found in "Europeana" portal. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The National Library of Romania is involved in various international projects aiming to create valuable digital content relevant to the European cultural memory. Since 2007, the library is connected in the following projects: TEL plus - set out to strengthen, extend and improve The European Library service by adding digital cultural and scientific/scholarly content and improving access to it, also to sustain Romanian and Bulgarian national libraries (two of the newest Member States), make their content available through The European Library and became full members of The European Library; ENRICH - European Networking Resources and Information concerning Cultural Heritage/Manuscriptorium - project aimed to enhance access to digital image of old documents from different European cultural institutions and to build and deploy virtual research environment for the study of manuscripts, rare and old printed books; REDISCOVER - Reunion of Dispersed Content: Virtual Evaluation and Reconstruction - the main purpose of the project is to gather, virtually reconstruct and make accessible of medieval and renaissance collection dispersed during the late Middle Ages and early modern period, especially in period of Thirty year's war. The project activities take into account: selection according to a series of criteria, digitisation and integration of materials in a digital library performed on Manuscriptorium.com platform. The National Library of Romania is now involved in the international project based on digitisation activities: Balkan Routes. Online digital collections - a project purposing to digitally available a French documentary corpus of rare and precious books from Balkan libraries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Biblioteca Naţională a României este implicată în diverse proiecte internaţionale care urmăresc crearea de conţinut digital relevant pentru memoria culturală europeană. Începând din 2007, biblioteca este parteneră în următoarele proiecte: TEL plus - creat pentru a consolida, extinde şi îmbunătăţi serviciile Bibliotecii Europene prin adăugarea de conţinut digital cultural şi ştiinţific şi optimizarea accesului la acesta, precum şi pentru a sprijini bibliotecile naţionale din România şi Bulgaria (două dintre cele mai noi State Membre) să-şi pună conţinutul la dispoziţie prin Biblioteca Europeană şi să devină membre cu drepturi depline ale Bibliotecii Europene; ENRICH - European Networking Resources and Information concerning Cultural Heritage/Manuscriptorium - proiect creat pentru a spori accesul la imaginea digitală a documentelor vechi din diferite instituţii culturale europene şi pentru a configura şi lansa mediul virtual de cercetare a manuscriselor şi a cărţilor tipărite vechi şi rare; REDISCOVER - Reunion of Dispersed Content: Virtual Evaluation and Reconstruction - scopul cel mai important al proiectului este de colecta, a reconstrui virtual şi a pune la dispoziţie colecţia medievală şi renascentistă dispersată în Evul Mediu târziu şi la începutul perioadei moderne, în special în timpul Războiului de 30 de ani. Activităţile din proiect iau în considerare: selecţia pe baza unor criterii, digitizarea şi integrarea materialelor pe platforma Manuscriptorium.com. Biblioteca Naţională a României este implicată în prezent într-un proiect internaţional centrat pe activităţi de digitizare: Balkan Routes. Online digital collections un proiect care îşi propune să furnizeze în format digital un corpus documentar francez de cărţi vechi şi rare din bibliotecile ţărilor . [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Funcţia metodologică este o funcţie specifică bibliotecilor naţionale si exprimă totalitatea normelor, procedurilor, standardelor, bunelor practici etc. care permit ca, sub coordonarea acestor biblioteci, bibliotecile dintr-o ţară să interacţioneze între ele si să funcţioneze unitar. Funcţia metodologică se exprimă prin următoarele aspecte specifice: aspectul profesional: realizarea, traducerea, adaptarea de instrumente, standarde, norme metodologice etc., necesare exercitării unitare a activităţilor biblioteconomice; aspectul patrimonial: relaţionarea Patrimoniu Naţional - Patrimoniu Local, prin Biblioteca Naţională si bibliotecile judeţene, astfel încât să fie asigurate constituirea, prelucrarea, prezervarea, conservarea si valorificarea patrimoniului documentar scris naţional; aspectul legislativ: propunerea si promovarea reglementărilor legislative necesare; aspectul socio-profesional: susţinerea si promovarea Bibliotecarului si a Bibliotecii în societate. În exercitarea funcţiei metodologice se pot identifica două direcţii de relaţionare: relaţionare ascendentă, de la biblioteci către Biblioteca Naţională a României si relaţionare descendentă, de la Biblioteca Naţională a României către bibliotecile din Sistemul Naţional de Biblioteci. Astfel, Biblioteca Naţională răspunde unor probleme formulate la nivelul bibliotecilor sau acţionează în direcţia transmiterii de informaţii, norme, standarde si instrumente de lucru, necesare desfăsurării unitare a activităţilor profesionale. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The methodological function is a specfic role for the national libraries and expresses the totality of rules, procedures, standards and good practices that allow that, under the coordination of these libraries, libraries in a country interact among them and function evenly. The methodological function expresses by the following specific aspects: professional aspect: development, translation, adaptation of instruments, standards, methodological rules etc., necessary for a unitary library work; heritage aspect: relationship between National Patrimony - Local Patrimony through the National Library and the county libraries, thus there are assured the formation, processing, preservation, conservation and valorization of the national documentary written patrimony; legal aspect: propose and promote the necessary legal regulations; social and professional aspect: support Librarian and Library in society. There is to be identified a two-way relationship in exercising the methodological function: an ascendant relationship, from libraries to the National Library of and a descendant relationship, from the National Library of Romania to the libraries in the National System of Libraries. Thus, the National Library answers to some requests formulated at the libraries level or acts in the direction of transmitting of information, rules, standards and working instruments, necessary to a unitary library activity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The National Library of Romania will open a new headquarters at the end of 2011. The need for a suitable place for the library appears in 1957, two years after the reestablishment of the national library. In 1968, the designing requirements for building a national library are drawn up, and in 1971 the first designing theme is made, which will undergo adjustments after the 1977 earthquake. The works begin in 1986 and are abandoned after December 1989. In 2007, the designing is resumed, followed in 2008 by the execution of the works, which are completed in December 2011. Thus, after more than 50 years, the new building of the National Library of Romania is inaugurated, a building that meets the requirements and the specific functionalities of a national library [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There are many features shared by electronic and printed book. From the perspective of organizing and valorizing digital collections and libraries, the intellectual property rights take into consideration the legal aspects associated to access, copy and dissemination of documents both on physical and digital support. These rights include: the owner of the material resources to be digitized; the owner rights upon the digitized materials; the rights or the guaranteed permission to the services provider to make available the digital resources; the rights or the guaranteed permission to use the digital resources. The digital resources are published on websites organized or not in collections and databases. In these situations, the intellectual property rights and related rights take into consideration the website as a whole, regarded as an original creation; the software, the automation integrated applications in presenting and disseminating the digital resources or put at the disposal of the final users (the automation licences used); the digital content and the legal regulations necessary between the content owner and the services providers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Din perspectiva construirii şi valorificării colecţiilor şi bibliotecilor digitale, drepturile de proprietate intelectuală au în vedere rezolvarea problemelor de natură legală asociate cu accesarea, copierea şi diseminarea documentelor pe suport fizic şi digital. Aceste drepturi includ: drepturile proprietarului surselor materiale care sunt digitizate; drepturile proprietarului asupra resurselor digitizate; drepturile sau permisiunea garantată furnizorului de servicii de a face disponibilă resursa digitală; drepturile sau permisiunea garantată de utilizare a resurselor digitale. Resursele digitale sunt publicate pe site-uri web organizate sau nu în colecţii sau baze de date. In aceste cazuri, drepturile de proprietate intelectuală si drepturile conexe au în vedere site-ul ca întreg, privit ca o creaţie originală; programele, aplicaţiile informatice integrate în prezentarea şi diseminarea resurselor digitale sau puse la dispoziţia utilizatorilor finali (licenţele informatice utilizate); conţinutul digital şi stabilirea reglementarilor juridice necesare între proprietarii de conţinut şi furnizorii de servicii. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Un livre électronique, livrel ou livre numérique désigne le document éléctronique qui possède une structure générique clairement défini, dont le contenu numérique ne peut être soumis à des modifications ultérieures et peut être accessibles via le navigateur, ou via une nouvelle application. Le canal informationnel qui facilite et diversifie la production et l'usage du livre éléctronique est structuré selon l'auteur, le responsable intelectuel de la ressource informationnelle; l'éditeur en charge de la production physique et de la diffusion des ressources informationnelles; le libraire intervient alors comme un intermédiaire; le bibliothècaire assure la conservation et la préservation de tout type de ressources informationnelles, aussi bien il assure l'accès autorisé au contenu des documents, produits et services d'information; l'usager, le bénéficiaire de la ressource informationnelle. Une toute série d'aspects sont liés au livre éléctronique: les aspects techniques concernant les supports de lecture (technologies d'écran et fonctionnalités associées); les aspects juridiques pour les questions relatives au respect du droit d'auteur et droits voisins; les aspects économiques d'un livre numérique selon les objectifs poursuivis; de plus, les aspects socio-culturels qui y sont liés (catégorie d'usagers pour ce type de produit). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The role of a national library in society is to capitalize on and preserve the national intellectual heritage by organizing, processing, access and disposal, preservation, national documentary heritage in all media. The mission, functions and the specific prerogatives of the National Library of Romania determine a special type of users. When the library meets its patrimonial function the beneficiary is society as a whole; acting as methodological body, customers are libraries of the National Library System and the system as a whole. A specific category of users are businesses mainly editorial environment, education, research and media. Individual users is an extremely heterogeneous group and come from all walks of life and all ages as an encyclopedic library. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rolul în societate al unei biblioteci naţionale este acela de a valorifica si a conserva patrimoniul intelectual naţional prin organizarea, prelucrarea, accesul si punerea la dispoziţia utilizatorilor a patrimonului documentar naţional, pe toate suporturile. Misiunea, funcţiile si prerogativele distincte ale Bibliotecii Naţionale a României determină un anume specific al utilizatorilor. Când biblioteca îsi îndeplineste funcţia sa patrimonială, întreaga societate beneficiază de aceasta; în calitatea sa de for metodologic, utilizatorii sunt bibliotecile din sistemul naţional de biblioteci si sistemului, ca întreg. O categorie specială de utilizatori aparţin mediului de afaceri, mai ales din domeniul editorial, al învăţământului, cercetării si mass-media. Utilizatorii individuali reprezintă un grup extrem de eterogen si vin din toate domeniile de activitate, sunt de toate vârstele, ca într-o bibliotecă de tip enciclopedic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Libraries are an integrant part of the national informational system and strategic institutes ensuring access to any kind of information. In the last decade, in Romania, different actions were undertaken and important resources were been used in order to develop digital libraries that can be accessed by IT & C systems, especially via Internet. Until now, the projects and other development initiatives for digital libraries - especially those financed through budgetary funds - did not focus on the evaluation of satisfaction degree for the on-line library users or fulfilling their quality needs at a performance level (efficiency, effectiveness and utility) adequate with the on-line library provided service. One of the main contributions of this paper is the identifications of relationships between the importance of digital library evaluation criteria and present evaluation of digital libraries in Romania. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Les bibliothèques sont partie intégrante du système national informationel et des institutions d 'importance stratégique, qui assurent l'accès à tout type d'information. Dans la dernière décennie, en Roumanie, ont été entreprises de nombreuses actions et ont été utilisées d'importantes ressources pour le dévéloppement des bibliothèques en ligne qui peuvent être accéssés par des systèmes de la Technologie de l'Information et des Télécommu-nications tout spécialement par Internet. Jusqu'à présent, les projets ainsi que d'autres initiatives de dévéloppement des bibliothèques en ligne - tout spécialement celles financées par des fonds bugétaires - n'ont pas été focalisées par l'évaluation du degré de satisfaction des utilisateurs de ce genre de bibliothèques ou sur la modalité dont elles accomplissent les demandes de qualité à un certain degré de performance (efficience, efficacité et utilisabilité), adéquée au service fourni par les bibliothèques on line. L'une des principales contributions de cet ouvrage est l'identification des relations entre l'importance des critères d'évaluation d'une bibliothèque numérique et la manière dont elle se réalise en Roumanie, au moment actuel. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]