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Introduction VA ECMO is effective in cardiogenic shock, but complications of cardiogenic pulmonary edema due to increased afterload are problematic. The advent of percutaneous left ventricular assist devices (Impella) has enabled effective reduction of left ventricular intraventricular pressure and has avoided these complications, but differential hypoxia can still occur during VA ECMO + Impella (Ecpella) management, requiring conversion to V-AV ECMO. Cases may be experienced. Purpose Elucidate the frequency of differential hypoxia and its pathogenesis, which requires the transition from VA ECMO to V-AV ECMO. Methods We retrospectively reviewed 52 consecutive patients who underwent E-CPR from January 2017 through November 2021 in our institute. 8 patients who received ECMO alone were excluded, and 44 patients were recruited. 22 patients underwent VA ECMO with IABP (VA ECMO + IABP group) and 22 patients underwent VA ECMO with Impella (VA ECMO + Impella group). The 30-day survival rate and the rate of transition VA ECMO to VA-V ECMO, The date just before VA ECMO to V-AV ECMO were assessed. Results The 30-day all-cause mortality was no significant difference between the two groups. 2 patients (9%) in the VA ECMO + IABP group and 8 patients (36%) in the VA ECMO + Impella group were transferred to V-AV ECMO (P=0.025). At the time of addition of V-AV ECMO, SaO2 (right radial artery) was 87±7.1% and 91.3±1.9% (p=0.112) in the VA ECMO + IABP and VA ECMO + Impella groups, respectively, and the P/F ratio was 86±37.1 and 95±24.6 (p=0.685). Mean pulmonary artery wedge pressure was 23±1.4 mmHg in the VA ECMO + IABP group and 16.3±3 mmHg in the VA ECMO + Impella group (p=0.0193), significantly lower in the Impella group. Conclusion The Impella group was more likely to have hypoxia due to factors other than cardiogenic pulmonary edema. In cases of cardiopulmonary arrest requiring V-AV ECMO management, differential hypoxia due to causes other than cardiogenic pulmonary edema may become apparent earlier in the Impella group, suggesting that careful management, including the addition of V-AV ECMO, is required. Funding Acknowledgement Type of funding sources: None.

The defect formation in a rod-shaped AA7003 alloy is carefully treated in the sample extruded at 10 or 20 m min−1 with their structure–property relationships. The + double fibre texture...

Glasses based on the system of Y2O3-BaO-Nb2O5-B2O3, corresponding to the pseudo-binary 64Ba1 − xY2x/3Nb2O6-36B2O3 with x = 0.1–0.5, were prepared, and their thermal properties, electronic polarizabilities, optical basicities, and crystallization behavior were clarified. The glasses showed the glass transition temperature of 602–610 °C, crystallization peak temperature of 686–676 °C, and refractive index of 1.967–2.007. All the glasses showed the bulk crystallization behavior, providing Ba1 − xY2x/3Nb2O6 nanocrystals with a tetragonal tungsten bronze structure. It was found from high resolution transmission electron microscope observations that the morphology of Ba1 − xY2x/3Nb2O6 nanocrystals is ellipsoidal and their average particle size is in the range of 20–40 nm. The glass-ceramics with Ba1 − xY2x/3Nb2O6 nanocrystals showed high dielectric constants (frequency: 1 kHz) of ~ 90 at room temperature and a ferroelectric nature. Highly oriented Ba1 − xY2x/3Nb2O6 crystal lines were patterned by laser (continuous wave Yb:YVO4 fiber laser with a wavelength of 1080 nm) irradiation with the condition of a laser power of 1.9 W and a laser scanning speed of 4 μm/s and with the laser focal position of 20 μm beneath from the surface in 2NiO-1.1Y2O3-29.8BaO-33.1Nb2O5-36B2O3 glass.

Background It has not yet been determined whether hepatic arterial infusion (HAI) chemotherapy improves survival in patients with early hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). We evaluated the effectiveness of HAI with high-concentration cisplatin (DDP-H) for the treatment of HCC by comparing outcomes between patients who received HAI with DDP-H before radical local treatment of early-stage HCC [Japan Integrated Staging (JIS) score 0/1] and patients who did not receive HAI chemotherapy. Patients and methods Survival was analyzed in 114 patients with early-stage HCC who underwent radical local treatment. The patients were divided into two groups: a HAI group (n = 79) who received DDP-H infusion into the whole liver via the proper hepatic artery, and a non-HAI group (n = 35) who did not receive HAI chemotherapy. Results The cumulative survival rates at 1, 3, and 5 years were 77.4%, 69.2%, and 55.3% in the non-HAI group and 97.4%, 87.0%, and 84.4% in the HAI group, respectively. Survival time prolonged significantly in the HAI group compared with the non-HAI group (log-rank test: P = 0.023; generalized Wilcoxon test: P = 0.012) Multivariate analysis using the Cox proportional hazards model identified HAI with DDP-H as the most important factor affecting survival. Conclusions Whole-liver HAI with DDP-H before radical local treatment can improve the prognosis of patients with early-stage HCC.

Objects Identification of biomarkers for Alzheimer's disease (AD) is important for its early diagnosis and prevention and a key in advancing our understanding of its pathophysiology. The aim of this study was to determine whether systemic inflammatory interleukin-1s (IL-1s) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) as well as hypertension (HT), diabetes mellitus (DM), and body mass index (BMI) are predictors of AD. Methods We performed a 10-year follow-up study on 133 elderly who were institutionalized in a nursing home. The associations of IL-1s and IL-6 at both rest and agitation, as well as HT, DM, and BMI at baseline, were analyzed with the incidences of vascular dementia (VD) and AD during a 10-year follow-up period. Results The Kaplan–Meier method with log-rank test and Cox regression analyses for the total of 133 subjects showed significantly higher incidences of both VD and AD in subjects with DM or HT at baseline. Resting IL-1s or IL-6 value, or agitation score, was not significantly associated with the subsequent development of VD or AD. The analyses of 40 subjects who had shown agitation at least once in the previous 3 months demonstrated that IL-1s and IL-6 values at the agitation stage were significantly associated with AD, but not with VD. Conclusion Our results indicate that systemic inflammatory IL-1s and IL-6 at the agitation stage are risk factors for the development of AD, but not VD. Inflammatory mechanisms for AD seem to be causal and specific to the development of AD. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

We examined a microstrip line structure to reduce the current concentration at the outer edge of a microstrip line. We developed three kinds of microstrip line; sliced-microstrip line, layered-film microstrip line, and conventional microstrip line. The first microstrip line is a line divided into the narrow line, and the second one is a line made by a layered thin film. Electromagnetic simulations indicated that the current concentration of the outer edge of the sliced microstrip line and layered film microstrip line was lower than that of a conventional microstrip line. We measured the power handling capability of the filters made by sliced-microstrip lines, layered-film microstrip lines, and conventional microstrip lines. The value of the first and the second filters was better than that of a conventional one. The difference in the characteristics is based on the difference in the current concentration at the outer edge of the microstrip lines.

We investigated the dc magnetic field and temperature dependences of the microwave intrinsic surface resistance (Rsint) of YBa2Cu3Oy (YBCO) superconducting thin films with various thicknesses. We used YBCO films from 100, 200, and 300 nm thick YBCO films deposited on CeO2/Al2O3 substrates. The Rsint is means the surface resistance of YBCO film without the dielectric loss of the substrates. The Rsint was obtained from measured surface resistance (Rs) by using a phenomenological equation. The Rs was measured using the dielectric resonator method at 21.8 GHz. A dc magnetic field of up to 5.0 T was applied parallel to the c-axis of the superconducting thin films during the Rs measurements. The Rsint of the YBCO thin films increased when the dc magnetic field was applied. These relations could be explained with the two-fluid model for high-frequency and high-magnetic field limits. The Rsint ratio (defined as Rsint (5T)/Rsint (0T)) slightly decreased with the film thickness. These results indicate that the Rsint of HTS films depends on the film thickness in the dc magnetic field and the Rsint in a dc magnetic field may be related to the pinning center in the HTS films.

The effect of homogenization before hot compression on the microstructures and mechanical properties of the compressed specimens of a Mg–9%Al–1%Zn–0.2%Mn (AZ91) alloy is investigated. Homogenizations were carried out at 415 °C for 24 and 100 h. The as-cast and homogenized alloy samples were hot compresses at 350 °C with a strain rate of 0.2 s −1 . Eutectic Mg 17 Al 12 (β) phase observed along grain boundaries in the as-cast sample disappears by homogenization at 415 °C for 24 h; however, the solute atoms were concentrated near the grain boundaries. In the 100-h-homogenized sample, solute atoms were distributed uniformly in the grains. During heating and holding process before compression, a large amount of Mg 17 Al 12 phase precipitated in the region of high Al concentration. With increasing homogenization time, more uniform precipitation of Mg 17 Al 12 phase occurs during holding before compression. The precipitation is very uniform in the 100-h-homogenized sample. During hot compression, dynamic recrystallization (DRX) mainly occurs in the Mg 17 Al 12 -precipitating region. These DRXed grains have high Schmid factors for ( 0 0 0 1 ) 1 1 2 ¯ 0 basal slip. Thus, the DRX ratios and the basal slip Schmid factors of the compressed specimens increase with increasing homogenization time. The compressed specimens of 100 h homogenized samples show a much higher ultimate tensile strength (UTS) of 329 ± 3 MPa and over tenfold increase in the elongation to failure (23.8 ± 2.5%) than that of the compressed specimen of as-cast sample (UTS 256 ± 5 MPa and elongation 2.2 ± 0.8%).

We investigated the relationship between the intrinsic surface resistance ( R s int ) and critical current density (Jc) of YBa2Cu3Oy (YBCO) film thinner than the penetration depth (λL). The measured YBCO films were deposited on CeO2-buffered r-cut Al2O3 substrates by the pulsed laser deposition method. The thicknesses of these films were 300, 200, and 100 nm, respectively. The R s int means the surface resistance of YBCO film removing the loss by the impedance of the substrates. The effective surface resistance ( R s eff ) including the impedance of the substrate and the Jc of each YBCO film were measured using the dielectric resonator method at 21.8 GHz and the inductive method. We calculated R s int by using phenomenological expressions and the R s eff value. The R s int values of each YBCO film were almost the same in the measured temperature region. As a result, we found that R s int was in inverse proportion to the Jc of YBCO film thinner than λL.

A phoswich-type neutron detector was developed in order to measure high-energy cosmic ray neutron spectra in aircraft. The neutron detector consists of an EJ309 organic liquid scintillator that is 121.7mm in diameter and 121.7mm in length and is covered with a 15mm thick EJ299-13 outer plastic scintillator. The neutron response functions of the detector are required for the unfolding method to obtain the energy spectrum. The neutron response functions were created based on MCNPX simulations using an anticoincidence mode with the experimental light-output correlations with particle energies, uniformity of light collection and energy resolutions. The light-output correlation with particle energy, the uniformity of light collection and the energy resolutions were evaluated based on experiments. Measurements of neutron response functions were performed using four quasi-monoenergetic neutron beams from 40 to 80 MeV p-Li reactions to verify the calculated results. The calculated response functions show good agr...

Continuous dynamic recrystallization (DRX) associating with { 1 0 1 ¯ 1 } – { 1 0 1 ¯ 2 } double twin, { 1 0 1 ¯ 1 } compression twin and { 1 0 1 ¯ 2 } tensile twin is observe during the hot compression of Mg–9, 10 wt.% Al–0.8 wt.% Zn–1 wt.% Ca alloys. The pinning effect of Al–Ca compounds, eutectic and precipitated Mg17Al12 phase is observed at the DRXed grain boundaries. The pinning effect of Mg17Al12 precipitates is greatly influenced by compression temperature, leading to a stronger influence of compression temperature on DRXed grain size than strain rate. Addition of 1 wt.% Ca to Mg–Al–Zn alloys reduces these influences.

The effects of irradiation of a Nd–Fe–B permanent magnet by fast neutrons was investigated. The decrease in measured magnetic flux density at the center of the magnets were 0.6%, 6.9%, 25.2% and 47.3% after continuous irradiation of 1.1 kGy, 3.7 kGy, 5.6 kGy and 7.4 kGy, respectively. On the other hand, the decrease due to non-continuous irradiation, in which the magnet was first irradiated at 3.7 kGy, then irradiated again at 3.7 kGy nine months later, was 14% smaller than that of continuous irradiation, even for the same total dose. The temperature coefficient of the magnetization did not change with irradiation. Some radioactive materials, such as 147Nd, 151Pm, and 54Mn, were detected in the magnet after irradiation.

Tungsten trioxide films were deposited on the glass substrate by electric current heating method using tungsten wire in air. Applied voltages to the tungsten wire were increased at rates of 0.05, 0.5, 5 and 50 V/min. The resultant films consisted of particles. A particle size of the crystals increased with increasing voltage applying rate. The effects of an ultraviolet (UV) irradiation on the reflectance of the films were investigated. The reflectance in the wavelength range of 500 - 2500 nm decreased by the irradiation. When the films were left in dark after the irradiation, the reflectance returned to the initial. With increasing voltage applying rate, absorption peak shifted toward longer wavelength in the region of 1250 - 1500 nm and the peak intensity decreased.

Dynamic recrystallization (DRX) behavior of as-cast AZ91 magnesium alloy during hot compression at 300 °C and the strain rate of 0.2 s−1 was systematically investigated by electron backscattering diffraction (EBSD) analysis. Twin DRX and continuous DRX (CDRX) are observed in grains and near grain boundaries, respectively. Original coarse grains are firstly divided by primary { 1 0 1 ¯ 2 } tensile twins and { 1 0 1 ¯ 1 } compression twins, and then { 1 0 1 ¯ 1 }–{ 1 0 1 ¯ 2 } double twins are rapidly propagated within these primary compression twins with increasing compressive strain. Some twin-walled grains are formed by the mutual crossing of twins or by the formation of the { 1 0 1 ¯ 1 }–{ 1 0 1 ¯ 2 } double twins and furthermore, subgrains divided by low-grain boundaries in the double twins are also formed. Finally, DRXed grains are formed by the in situ evolution of the subgrains with the growth of low-angle boundaries to high-angle grain boundaries in twins. CDRX around the eutectic Mg17Al12 phases at grain boundaries occurs together with the precipitation of discontinuous Mg17Al12 phase and the fragmentation of the precipitates during compression. The discontinuous fragmented precipitates distribute at the newly formed CDRXed grain boundaries and have remarkable pinning effect on the CDRXed grain growth, resulting in the average grain size of about 1.5 μm.

During hot compression, Mg17Al12 (β) precipitates show strong influence on the microstructural changes of 415 °C-24 h homogenized AZ91 alloy. When compressed at 300 °C and 350 °C, dynamic recrystallization (DRX) only occurs near grain boundaries with discontinuous β precipitate pinning at the newly DRXed grain boundaries. With increasing compression temperature and decreasing strain rate, the β-precipitating region expands; however, the amount of pinning precipitates decreases, resulting in increases in the DRX ratio and average DRXed grain size. With a compression ratio of only 50%, the specimen compressed at 350 °C and a strain rate of 0.2 s−1 (designated 350 °C-0.2 s−1 compressed specimen) shows an ultimate tensile strength (UTS) of 334 MPa, a 0.2% proof stress (PS) of 195 MPa and an enough elongation of 17.9%. After a subsequent aging treatment at 180 °C, due to the large number of β precipitates, the strength of the compressed specimens are further improved, and the specimen peak aged after compression at 400 °C and 0.2 s−1 shows UTS of 364 MPa and PS of 248 MPa with a moderate elongation of 7.7%.

Hot compression tests were performed on the as-cast and aged Mg–9Al–1Zn (AZ91) alloy specimens at temperature of 300 °C to investigate the influence of pre-aging treatment on microstructure and mechanical properties of the hot compressed AZ91 alloy. The results show that the pre-aging treatment can be effective in increasing the precipitation number of Mg 17 Al 12 phase and enlarging the discontinuous precipitates area, in which the dynamic recrystallization (DRX) occurs with discontinuous precipitates pinning at the newly-DRXed grain boundaries, leading the DRX ratio and (0 0 0 1) 〈 1 1 2 ¯ 0 〉 basal slip Schmid factor of the compressed specimens being increased. Both the ultimate tensile strength (UTS) and elongation to failure are higher in the age-compressed specimens. After compression at 300 °C and a strain rate of 0.2 s −1 with a compression ratio of 50%, UTS of the age-compressed specimen (336 MPa) is 44 MPa higher than that of cast-compressed specimen (292 MPa), and elongation to failure of the age-compressed specimen (9.8%) is three times as that of cast-compressed specimen (3.3%).

Twin dynamic recrystallization (DRX) occurs during the hot compression of AZ91 alloy with precipitation of Mg17Al12 phase at the newly formed DRXed grain boundaries. The pinning effect of the Mg17Al12 precipitates is greatly influenced by compression temperature, resulting in compression temperature having a stronger influence than strain rate on DRXed grain size. The conventional relationship between DRXed grain size and the Zener–Hollomon parameter breaks down as the pinning effect of the precipitates is not taken fully into consideration.

Ultrafine pure Al particles were consolidated into fully dense bulk material using back pressure equal channel angular pressing (BP-ECAP). The consolidation was carried out at 400 °C with a back pressure of 200 MPa. A fully dense Al–Al2O3 composite consisting of mostly nanocrystalline Al and γ-Al2O3, a small fraction of ultrafine Al grains and amorphous alumina was produced after four passes from the freshly formed particles. In contrast, no consolidation was achieved from the aged particles which had been kept for between 18 and 24 months. The formation of the nanostructure was attributed to the interaction between severe shear deformation and in situ oxidation during ECAP. The ultimate strength of the nanostructured material reached ∼740 MPa in compression with a plastic strain to fracture of the order of ∼1%. It is demonstrated that ultrafine particles can be well consolidated by ECAP when they are sheared to change shape rather than to slide over each other.

In order to choose the appropriate process parameters for further thermo-mechanical processes, high temperature tensile tests of as-cast Mg–Al–Ca alloys containing 1, 4 and 7% of total amount of Al and Ca (denoted as AX1, AX4 and AX7, respectively), where Al:Ca = 29:26, were examined. During the tensile test, the Mg2Ca and (Mg, Al)2Ca compounds contribute to not only grain refining but also become crack initiation sites and lower the ductility, thus the AX4 alloy exhibits the best deformability. The area reduction above 50% is obtained at e ˙ = 1.4 × 10 − 2 s − 1 and T = 623 K in AX series alloys and at which the dynamic recrystallization has also occurred. Therefore, extrusion deformation was performed at e ˙ = 4.2 × 10 − 2 s − 1 and T = 623 K. The grain size of as-extruded specimen decreases with increasing total amount of Al and Ca contents and the average grain size of AX4 alloy specimen is refined to 1.4 μm.

Extruded magnesium alloy composites reinforced with carbon nanofibres have successfully been developed. The composites containing 7.5% carbon nanofibres show a maximum tensile stress of 470 MPa. The strengthening is achieved by using the Si-coated carbon nanofibres. The coating leads to improvement in the wettability, resulting in homogeneous distribution of the carbon nanofibres. Strong bonding between the carbon nanofibres, coating layer and matrix is obtained via compocasting, squeeze casting and extrusion.

A new precipitation-hardenable wrought magnesium alloy based on the Mg–Zn system with an excellent combination of high tensile yield strength, good ductility and low tensile-compression anisotropy has been developed. The Mg–2.4Zn–0.1Ag–0.1Ca(–0.16Zr) (at.%) alloys show significantly higher age-hardening responses compared to that of the binary Mg–2.4Zn alloy due to the increased number density and refinement of rod-like MgZn 2 precipitates. The addition of Zr to the Mg–2.4Zn–0.1Ag–0.1Ca alloy resulted in a significant refinement of the grain size. A high number density of precipitates was observed in the Mg–2.4Zn–0.1Ag–0.1Ca–0.16Zr alloy in both the as-extruded condition and following isothermal ageing at 160 °C. The tensile yield strength of the as-extruded and aged alloys was 289 and 325 MPa, with an elongation of 17% and 14%, respectively. These alloys show relatively low compression and tensile anisotropy. The origins of these unique mechanical properties are discussed based on the detailed microstructural investigation.

The rolling of AM60 sheets for 50% reduction was analyzed with DEFORM to investigate the hot deformation process. The simulated results show that the sheet velocities at the entrance (21 mm/s) and at the exit (37 mm/s) are less and larger than roll velocity, respectively. From the entrance to the neutral point, the velocity at the sheet surface is greater than that at the middle point of sheet in thickness, while that from the neutral point to the exit shows the opposite pattern. The effective strain of the sheet increases from the entrance to the exit due to the continuous reduction in thickness. In addition, the effective strain at the sheet surface reaches to 1.0 and is larger than that of 0.8 at the middle point of sheet. The difference of effective strain in thickness direction has a much stronger effect on the recrystallized fraction than on the recrystallized grain size. The minimum temperature of 347 °C is obtained at the surface contacting directly with roll and the maximum temperature 388 °C at the middle point of sheet in thickness.

We report a new Mg–Sn–Zn–Al-based alloy that is suitable for extrusion to give a high-strength. The extruded alloy exhibited high yield strengths of 308 MPa in tension and 280 MPa in compression, to give a tension to compression ratio of 0.9. The extruded alloy consists of coarse and fine-grains with a basal texture, which gives rise to the high tension to compression ratio. The fine microstructure is attributed to the dynamic recrystallization and precipitation that occur during the extrusion.

Aluminum nitride ceramics were sintered with 1.0 and 4.8 mass% Ca3Al2O6 (C3A) as a sintering additive. Temperature dependence of cathodoluminescence (CL) for the ceramics was investigated in order to obtain information on lattice defects. The CL peak intensity at 3.5 eV in the ceramics sintered with 1.0 mass% C3A decreased with increasing temperature, so called thermal quenching. The maximum CL peak intensity of the ceramics sintered with 4.8 mass% C3A was much lower than that with 1.0 mass% C3A, reflecting that the oxygen-induced defect density dramatically decreased with increasing amount of C3A. In case of the ceramics sintered with 4.8 mass% C3A, the CL peak intensity at 3.4 eV showed the thermal quenching in the range of 130 - 350 K, whereas in the range of 80 - 130 K and 350 - 475 K, it increased with increasing temperature, so called “negative” thermal quenching. From the results, we suggest a presence of at least two trapping levels in the ceramics sintered with C3A.

Aluminum nitride ceramics were prepared by sintering with 0–4.8 mass% of Ca 3 Al 2 O 6 (C 3 A) as a sintering additive. The transmittance in the range of 260–550 nm increased with increasing amount of C 3 A. The cathodoluminescence intensity attributed to oxygen-induced defects decreased with increasing amount of C 3 A. From the results, the increase of the transmittance in the range of 260–550 nm was considered to be related to the decrease of the oxygen-induced defect density.

Dots and lines consisting of nonlinear optical GdxBi1-xBO3 crystals were patterned on the surface of CuO-doped Gd2O3-Bi2O3-B2O3 glass by heat-assisted (200 °C) Nd:YAG laser irradiations with a wavelength of λ=1064 nm, where the laser energy absorbed by Cu2+ is converted to the local heating of the surrounding Cu2+. The surface morphology and orientation of crystals in the patterned lines were clarified from confocal scanning laser microscope observations and polarized micro-Raman scattering spectra. Crystal lines with periodic bumps (i.e., ladder-shape like lines) were patterned by laser irradiations with a power of 0.79 W and a scanning speed of 60 μm/s, and the orientation of GdxBi1-xBO3 crystals in the lines was proposed. The present study demonstrates that the combination of Cu2+ and continuous wave Nd:YAG laser with λ=1064 nm is effective in inducting crystallization of oxide glasses. The mechanism of laser-induced crystallization in glass has also been discussed.

We have investigated the microstructures of age hardened Mg–2.0Gd–1.2Y–xZn–0.2Zr (x = 0, 0.3, and 1.0) (at.%) alloys to understand the remarkable age-hardening and unusual plastic elongation behavior. The age-hardening of the alloys occurs through the sequential precipitations of β′ and β1 phases. The β1 phase heterogeneously nucleates at the interface of the β′ phase, and relaxes strain fields around the β′. Although the addition of Zn degrades the age-hardening response, it causes the discontinuous precipitation of a 14H-type long-period stacking (LPS) phase at grain boundaries as well as within grains in the over-aged condition, which enhances the maximum tensile elongation. The composition of the β1 phase was determined to be Mg–23.3 at.% RE–9.7 at.% Zn–2.0 at.% Zr (RE: rare-earth, Gd and Y), whereas that of the LPS is Mg–5.6 at.% RE–1.8 at.% Zn–1.0 at.% Zr.

The eddy-current type proximity sensor is a noncontact type sensing device to detect the approach of a conductor by increase of coil resistance due to eddy-current loss. This paper proposes to add the cap-shaped magnetic flux shield at the top of the ferrite core for the actual sensor. In conventional proximity sensors, main magnetic flux path passes through the air between the target conductor and ferrite core. The proposed sensor, in contrast, has closed magnetic circuit geometry. This means that main magnetic flux path is almost completed by the core and the shield. Therefore, it is predicted that flux does not reach the target conductor and it causes debasement of sensing property. However, it is shown that the calculated results by finite element method and measured results of the sensing property of the proposed sensor is enhanced compared with the actual sensor. This paper quantitatively accounts the electromagnetisms of the proposed sensor from sensing property, flux distributions, and eddy-current loss in each part of the sensor body

Pure Al particles were synthesised into bulk materials using back pressure equal channel angular consolidation (BP-ECAC) and further deformed up to 4 passes of ECAP at 100 °C with the application of 50 MPa in back pressure. Ingot metallurgy (IM) Al was processed under the same conditions to provide comparison. The microstructures were characterised using TEM for grain size and shape as well as misorientations. In general, the grains were finer and misorientations larger in the PM (powder metallurgy) materials than in the IM materials. The tensile strength of the PM materials was significantly higher than that of the IM materials. Different work hardening behaviours were observed between the materials after 1 pass and those after 4 passes.

New Cu-based P-type icosahedral quasicrystals have been observed in the ternary Cu–(Ga or Al)–Sc alloy systems. The Cu–Ga–Sc quasicrystal forms almost exclusively in a rapidly quenched Cu48Ga34Sc18 alloy, and has a six-dimensional lattice parameter a 6D = 0.6930 nm. The as-cast alloy with the same composition contains no quasicrystal but has a 1/1 bcc approximant as its main phase. The Cu–Al–Sc quasicrystal forms at the alloy composition Cu46Al38Sc16 both in an as-cast alloy and in alloys aged at 776 and 873 K, and has a lattice parameter a 6D = 0.6959 nm. Although electron diffraction patterns exhibit rather strong deviation from the ideal symmetric positions for weak reflections, the presence of the quasicrystal in the aged Cu–Al–Sc alloys indicates that this phase is a candidate of a stable phase in this ternary system.

Eddy-current-type proximity sensor is a noncontact-type sensing device to detect the approach of a conductor by an increase of coil resistance due to eddy current loss. This paper investigates electromagnetic (EM) characteristics of the actual proximity sensor by the finite-element method and provides knowledge to enhance sensing property. In particular, the influence of eddy current loss to sensing property is shown and quantitatively estimated. Furthermore, modified models of the actual sensor are proposed and calculated as numerical experiments. As a result, enhanced sensing properties of the proposed models are shown

The local structures of molten CeCl 3 and NdCl 3 have been investigated by XAFS at SPring-8 with the K-absorption edges of Ce and Nd. The nearest-neighbour Ln 3+ –Cl − distances and coordination numbers, n ¯ Ln Cl , are found to be 2.81 A and 6.52 for CeCl 3 , and 2.73 A and 6.96 for NdCl 3 , respectively. The coordination numbers are >6, implying thereby that the local structures around the lighter lanthanide ions are not exactly octahedral, but somewhat distorted. The XAFS technique using the 3rd generation X-ray sources is a powerful tool to elucidate the local structure around the lanthanide ions in the light rare earth compounds.

Aluminum nitride (AlN) ceramics with various amounts of Ca3Al2O6 (C3A) as a sintering additive were sintered at 1880°C for 50 h in N2 atmosphere. The thermal conductivity of AlN ceramics increased with increasing amount of C3A in the range from 0.5 to 4.8 mass%. Cathodoluminescence (CL) intensity attributed to oxygen-induced defects decreased with increasing amount of C3A. From the results, the increase of the thermal conductivity was considered to relate to the decrease of the oxygen-induced defects by increasing amount of C3A.

Investigations for space-selected structure ordering from nano-particles to single-crystal patterning in glasses will be described. Transparent crystallization in glass must be the best material solution to obtain novel functional glasses with a permanent second-order optical nonlinearity. We focus on the new functions created by structure ordering in glass by means of laser micro-fabrication for space-selected crystallization. Two topics in our recent experimental results of space-selected structure ordering in glass will be presented as follows: 1) Single crystalline patterning by atom heat laser processing in Sm-doped glasses for optical waveguides with second-order optical nonlinearity, 2) structure ordering of domains in crystallized glass fibers for possible photonic fiber-type devices with active signal processing.

ステロイド(以下SH)依存性の全大腸炎型の潰瘍性大腸炎(以下UC)3例に,虫垂瘻からのSH antedrug注入療法を施行したので報告する.症例1 21歳女性.腰椎麻酔下に虫垂瘻を作製しSH antedrugのフルオシノニド(以下FLU)注入療法を行った.緩解導入・維持が可能となり,25カ月後に本法を中止しその後も緩解を維持している.症例2 24歳女性.本法にてSH全身投与を中止できたが,施行後24カ月後に末梢関節炎を発症したためSH全身投与を再開した.症例3 25歳男性.本法を6カ月施行したが,狭窄病変により薬剤分布に差が生じ十分な効果が得られず,免疫抑制剤の投与を必要とした.考察:本法は,全大腸炎型UCに対する局所療法として十分な効果があり,管理が容易で在宅療法が可能であること,副作用が少ないことなどの利点から,ステロイド依存性UCに対する治療法として有用であると考えられた.

Toward the study of the free-radicals behavior, we have proposed a production method of a short-pulsed beam, based on a bunch rotation after momentum cooling. The method was experimentally investigated at the HIMAC synchrotron. In the experiment, after the momentum spread was cooled down to around 0.02% at FWHM through electron cooling, an RF-field was non-adiabatically applied. Under an intensity of (3–7) × 10 6 argon-ions and an RF amplitude of 340 V, a short-pulsed beam with the duration of 30–35 ns at FWHM was obtained after a quarter period of the synchrotron oscillation.

A technical realization of a positron emitter 11C-beam (R.I.) as an accelerating beam has been studied at NIRS-HIMAC in order to apply it to heavy-ion therapy. The purpose of the present study is to show how to obtain a suitable beam intensity of a 11C-beam extracted from the HIMAC-synchrotron. Regarding this study, related developments include the production of radioactive isotopes (11C) by a cyclotron, gas-separation, gas-compression, gas-pulsing and ionization. Further, residue 11CO2-gas can be reproduced in the ionization process. As the result of a calculation, an order of 108 ppp of 11C6+ ions can be extracted from the HIMAC-synchrotron during 18 min at 3.3 s intervals with a 1 ms beam pulse under the assumption of 1 Ci of 11C-production. Details of the study are presented.

A J-band photoluminescence of cyanine dye J-aggregates was observed under excitation below the band gap. This emission is not due to two-photon absorption. The luminescence intensity becomes weaker with a decrease in temperature. For the excitation below the band gap, the rise and decay times of the J-band luminescence from cyanine dye concentration of 4 x 10(-4) M are 9.0 and 155 ps, respectively. In case of the band-to-band excitation, the radiative decay starts just after excitation and fast and slow decay components have time constants of 13 and 54 ps, respectively. The lifetime of luminescence depends on the concentration of the cyanine dye. (c) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Metastable BiBO3 and rare-earth (RE)-doped RExBi1−xBO3 crystals were prepared through the crystallization of 50Bi2O3 · 50B2O3 and xRE2O3 · (50−x)Bi2O3 · 50B2O3 glasses (RE = Y, La, Gd, Yb), and their second harmonic (SH) intensities were examined using the Kurtz powder method. It was confirmed that BiBO3 has two different crystalline forms, i.e., BiBO3(I) and BiBO3(II), and that BiBO3(I) transforms into BiBO3(II) at temperatures around 500 °C. Both phases were found to be nonlinear optical crystals with a phase matchable character, and the SH intensity of BiBO3(II) powders was approximately 110 times as large as α-quartz powders. The incorporation of RE3+ into BiBO3(II) was confirmed from X-ray diffraction analysis, and in particular, GdxBi1−xBO3(II) showed an enhanced SH intensity of approximately 145 times as large as α-quartz.

Local structural change around Cr atoms in GaN-based diluted magnetic semiconductor GaCrN grown by radio frequency plasma-assisted molecular-beam epitaxy was studied with fluorescent X-ray absorption fine structure (XAFS) and X-ray diffraction measurements. The lattice constant of Ga 1− x Cr x N depends linearly on x up to x = 4 % and it approaches to that of non-doped GaN above x of 4.7%. It was found from our XAFS study that the majority of Cr atoms substitute the Ga lattice sites of GaN and that the critical Cr concentration of solid solution is around x = 4 % . At the critical Cr concentration, onset of the formation of NaCl-type CrN-like structure occurs, and above the critical concentration, the local structure around Cr atoms transforms to a completely CrN-like structure. Our X-ray absorption near-edge structure studies also indicate a drastic change in local electronic structure of Ga 1 −x Cr x N at x between 4% and 4.7%. This is ascribed to the fact that the atomic configuration of Cr and N undergoes a drastic transition from the substitutionally incorporated GaCrN into the CrN-like atomic configuration. The local structural change into NaCl-type CrN was also supported by the XAFS pre-edge structures and the polarized XANES spectra.

Electron-cooling experiments have been carried out at the HIMAC-synchrotron in order to provide high-quality beams for medical and related research. For investigating the behavior of the free radicals, especially, the beam bunch was compressed by electron cooling with a triangle-wave RF-field. The dependences of the bunch length on the electron energy and the RF voltage were investigated under various intensities of Ar18+ beam. As a result, the bunch length was limited by around 20 ns due to the space-charge effect under an intensity of 1.33×106 ions/bunch and an RF amplitude of 340 V.

Nonlinear optical β-BaB2O4 (β-BBO) crystal straight lines are written in 10Sm2O3·40BaO·50B2O3 glass by irradiation of a continuous wave Nd:YAG laser operating at 1064 nm. The linearly polarized micro-Raman scattering spectra for β-BBO crystal lines are consistent with those for commercially available y-cut β-BBO bulk single-crystals, supporting that β-BBO crystal straight lines with the c-axis orientation along the YAG laser scanning direction might be single-crystals. The photoluminescence spectra with large intensities and Stark splitting are observed for β-BBO crystal lines, and it is concluded that some amounts of Sm3+ ions in the glass are incorporated into β-BBO crystal lines. Two-dimensional β-BBO crystal curved lines with a bending angle of 30° are successfully written in 10Sm2O3·42BaO·48B2O3 glass.

A fast, non-destructive beam-profile monitor was developed using an oxygen gas-sheet target in the Heavy Ion Medical Accelerator in Chiba synchrotron. The size of the gas-sheet target was 85 mm in width and 1.3 mm in thickness, of which the density was 1×10 −4 Pa. The base vacuum in the ring was not deteriorated by this gas-sheet target, and was on the order of 10 −8 Pa. In typical cases, carbon ion beams are accelerated from 6 to 290–430 MeV/n for cancer therapy, in which the intensity is 2.5×10 8 particles/bunch. For these beams, two-dimensional beam profiles were successfully measured within the time (∼100 ns) of the bunch separation. This article describes both the technical and physical aspects of the monitor together with some results.

The luminescence of cyanine J aggregates was measured at room temperature. It is found that the J band luminescence of a cyanine dye J aggregate occurs effectively even though the excitation is on the low-energy side (0.12 eV) of the J band. It is established this is not due to the two-photon absorption. The lifetime of the J band luminescence with the low-energy excitation is 57 ps in contrast to 10 ps for band-to-band excitation. The rise time is also different: 6 ps for the low-energy excitation and less than 1 ps for band-to-band excitation.

Pre-precipitation solute clustering in Al–Li–Cu–Mg–Ag and Al–Cu–Mg–Ag alloys has been investigated by coincidence Doppler broadening (CDB) spectroscopy of positron annihilation and three-dimensional atom probe (3DAP) analysis. Although Ag–Mg co-clusters form in the Al–Cu–Mg–Ag alloy in the early stage of aging, no evidence for the co-cluster formation was obtained from the Li containing alloy using 3DAP. While CDB spectra indicated that vacancies are associated with Ag after aging for 15 s in the Al–Cu–Mg–Ag alloy, vacancy–Ag association is suppressed in the Li containing alloy. Based on the 3DAP and CDB results, the reasons for the completely different clustering behaviors observed in these two similar alloys are discussed.

We investigated the dc magnetic field and temperature dependences of the microwave surface resistance ( R s ) of YBa 2 Cu 3 O y (YBCO) superconducting thin films with various thicknesses. We used YBCO thin films with 300, 500, and 700 nm deposited on a MgO (1 0 0) substrate by the thermal co-evaporation method. The R s was measured using the dielectric resonator method at 21.8 GHz, and a high dc magnetic field of up to 12 T was applied parallel to the c -axis of the YBCO thin films during R s measurements. The R s value of YBCO thin films increased when dc magnetic field was applied. These relationships could be explained by using the two-fluid model for high frequency and low magnetic field limits. We defined the viscous drag coefficient η under the low magnetic limit and the high magnetic field limit as the η low ( B , T , d ) and η high ( B , T , d ), respectively. The η low values were approximately two orders of magnitude greater than η high values. Also, all η low and η high value decreased or saturated as the temperature and film thickness increased. These results show that η under the low and high magnetic field limit depended on the temperature and film thickness.

This paper presents results of conceptual design activities and associated RD neutronics experiments and analyses; and development of the blanket module fabrication technology. Upon developing the fabrication technology for the first wall and box structure, a hot isostatic pressing bonded F82H first wall mock-up with embedded rectangular cooling channels was successfully fabricated. It withstood the high heat flux test at 2.7 MW m−2. Also, a correlation parameter of the Li2TiO3 pebble bed made by the sol–gel method was verified by measurement of the thermal conductivity of the breeder pebble bed, which is one of the most important design data.