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Objective: In peri- and postmenopausal women, the association of skin thickness with bone mass is well described, and a low skin thickness is a useful predictor of osteoporosis. In this study the association between skin thickness and bone mass of lumbar spine in peri- and postmenopausal women was assessed; and the potential for skin thickness as a screening test for osteoporosis evaluated., Design/methods: Skin thickness was measured at the arm by ultrasonography (probe 22 MHz). Bone mass was measured at lumbar spine by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. One hundred and three peri- and postmenopausal women were studied., Result: Successive decrease of skin thickness going along with the loss of lumbar spine bone mass was found. There was a statistically significant difference (p < 0.05) in skin thickness between group of females with normal bone mass and group with osteoporosis., Conclusions: Ultrasound skin measurement is a very simple method which can be used in the diagnostics of osteoporosis of the lumbar spine in peri- and postmenopausal women.

Objective: In peri- and postmenopausal women, the association of skin thickness with bone mass is well described, and a low skin thickness is a useful predictor of osteoporosis. In this study the association between skin thickness and bone mass of femoral neck in peri- and postmenopausal women was assessed; and the potential for skin thickness as a screening test for osteoporosis evaluated., Design/methods: Skin thickness was measured at the arm by ultrasonography (probe 22 MHz). Bone mass was measured at the neck of femur by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. One hundred and three peri- and postmenopausal women were studied., Result: Successive decrease of skin thickness going along with the loss of femoral neck bone mass was found. There was a statistically significant difference in skin thickness between group of females with normal bone mass and group with osteopenia (p < 0.05) and osteoporosis (p < 0.01)., Conclusions: Ultrasound skin measurement is a very simple method which can be used in the diagnostics of osteopenia and osteoporosis of the neck of femur in peri- and postmenopausal women.

The authors have analysed three cases of twin pregnancies complicated by the conjoined of the fetuses. Based on own experience and informations from the literature the general diagnostic and therapeutic strategy of dealing with this condition has been purposed.

Gravidic macromastia is a condition characterized by an excessive and generalized enlargement of the breasts which occurs during pregnancy or shortly after pregnancy. It is a rare condition whose etiology is unknown. Most Authors describe it as a pathology which is influenced by a disturbed play of hormones of hypersensitivity of mammary tissue to normal hormone stimulation. A therapeutic approach is discussed with reference to the literature.

The resistance index (RI) of the uteroplacental blood flow of both uterine arteries was evaluated in diabetic women in the perinatal period. Consecutively morphometric examination of placenta was proceeded after the delivery and the average number of epithelial plates in villi was calculated (so called "plate-villous index"). The correlation between the uterine arteries' blood flows and the plate-villous indices was calculated since the number of the epithelial plates determines the placenta barrier. There was poor correlation found between resistance indices and the average number of epithelial plates.