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The amber fossil record is distributed worldwide but mainly supported by Northern Hemisphere deposits.The Southern Hemisphere amber fossil record is relatively scarce, due to difficulties of access andprospection. The African continent recently revealed two new amber outcrops. Previously, fossiliferous andnon fossiliferous copals were known from Africa, as well as older fossilised resins lacking fossil inclusions1.The Cretaceous resin from Congo, and the Cenozoic resin from Ethiopia, are the first African ambers knownto display arthropod and botanical inclusions.When first mentioned in 20102, the Ethiopian amber was suggested Cretaceous. This dating was rapidlyquestioned by the modern lineage taxa, described from the fossilized resin3,4. Those rather display a Cenozoicassemblage. Palynological data and field observations corroborate this revision and further indicate aMiocene age of the amber. The resin originates from an angiosperm, probably Hymenaea (Fabaceae), assuggested by its chemical signal, and the associated botanical inclusions. Cryptogam and arthropod inclusions(mainly Hymenoptera and Diptera) already display a large diversity of modern taxa. All together, fossilisedspecimens illustrate a subtropical, hot and humid, swamp forest ecosystem. Similarities with the botanicaland entomofaunal composition of the contemporaneous Dominican and Mexican ambers, suggest anaffinities between African and American Miocene ecosystems.References1. Bouju V., Perrichot P. 2020: BSGF Earth Sci. Bull., 191 (17); doi:10.1051/bsgf/20200182. Schmidt A.R. et al. 2010: Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. U.S.A., 107 (16), 7329 7334; doi:10.1073/pnas.10009481073. Coty D. et al. 2016: Ann. Soc. entomol. Fr., 52 (3), 161 166; doi:10.1080/00379271.2016.12304774. Perrichot V. et al. 2016: The age and paleobiota of Ethiopian amber revisited, in 5th InternationalPaleontological Congress.

Fulgoromorpha Evans, 1946 Fulgoromorpha sec. Evans, 1946: ‘division’: 57 - Fulgorellae sec. Latreille, 1807: ‘tribu’: 163 - Archaeorrhyncha Sorensen et al., 1995: suborder: 54, 55, 31 - Fulgoromorpha sec. Bourgoin & Campbell, 2002: suborder: 74 Chronostratigraphic occurrence: Carboniferous, Moscovian (315.2 Ma to present). Older fossil occurrence: Aviorrhyncha magnifica Nel, Bourgoin, Engel & Szwedo, 2013 in Nel et al., 2013. Note. First divisions within Hemiptera, particularly with the monophyly of Sternorrhyncha and Auchenorrhyncha, and place of Coleorrhyncha, still remain in discussion (reviewed in Szwedo, 2018). The taxon Fulgoromorpha is maintained at a suborder level and Evans’ proposed name, widely accepted and used now is conserved. A graphical summary of Fulgoromorpha classification is proposed in figure 1., Published as part of Bourgoin, Thierry & Szwedo, Jacek, 2023, Toward a new classification of planthoppers Hemiptera Fulgoromorpha: 2. Higher taxa, their names and their composition, pp. 562-568 in Zootaxa 5297 (4) on page 563, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5297.4.5, http://zenodo.org/record/8009216, {"references":["Evans, J. W. (1946) A natural classification of leaf-hoppers (Jassoidea, Homoptera) Part 1. External morphology and systematic position. Transactions of the Royal Entomological Society of London, 96 (3), 47 - 60. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1365 - 2311.1946. tb 00442. x","Latreille, P. A. (1807) Sectio secunda. Familia quarta. Cicadariae. Cicadaires. Genera Crustaceorum et Insectorum secundum ordinem naturalem in familias disposita, iconibus exemplisque plurimis explicata, 3, 1 - 258. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 11558","Sorensen, J. T., Campbell, B. C., Gill, R. J. & Steffen-Campbell, J. D. (1995) Non-monophyly of Auchenorrhyncha ('' Homoptera' '), based upon 18 S rDNA phylogeny: eco-evolutionary and cladistic implications within pre-Heteropterodea Hemiptera (s. l.) and a proposal for new monophyletic sub-orders. Pan-Pacific Entomologist, 71 (1), 31 - 60.","Nel, A., Roques, P., Nel, P., Prokin, A. A., Bourgoin, T., Prokop, J., Szwedo, J., Azar, D., Desutter-Grandcolas, L., Wappler, T., Garrouste, R., Coty, D., Huang, D. Y., Engel, M. S. & Kirejtshuk, A. G. (2013) The earliest known holometabolous insects. Nature, 503 (7475), 257 - 261. https: // doi. org / 10.1038 / nature 12629","Szwedo, J. (2018) The unity, diversity and conformity of bugs (Hemiptera) through time. Earth and Environmental Science Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh, 107 (2 - 3), 109 - 128. [2017] https: // doi. org / 10.1017 / S 175569101700038 X"]}

2.5. Fulgoroidea Latreille, 1807 Fulgorites sec. Spinola, 1839: ‘famille’: 202 Type-genus: Fulgora Linnaeus, 1767: 703 Type-species: Cicada laternaria Linnaeus, 1758: 434 Chronostratigraphic occurrence: Lower Cretaceous, Barremian/Aptian (ca. 125–121 Ma to present). Oldest known fossil occurrence: Laiyangella zhangi Zhao, Bourgoin et Luo, 2023. Composition: 2.5.1. Acanaloniidae Amyot & Audinet-Serville, 1843 2.5.2. Achilidae Stål, 1866 2.5.3. Achilixiidae Muir, 1923 2.5.4. Caliscelidae Amyot & Audinet-Serville, 1843 2.5.5. Derbidae Spinola, 1839 2.5.6. Dictyopharidae Spinola, 1839 2.5.7. Eurybrachidae Stål, 1862 2.5.8. Flatidae Spinola, 1839 2.5.9. Fulgoridae Latreille, 1807 2.5.10. Gengidae Fennah, 1949 2.5.11. Hypochthonellidae China & Fennah, 1952 2.5.12. Issidae Spinola, 1839 2.5.13. Kinnaridae Muir, 1925 2.5.14. Lophopidae Stål, 1866 2.5.15. Meenoplidae Fieber, 1872 2.5.16. Nogodinidae Melichar, 1898 2.5.17. Ricaniidae Amyot & Audinet-Serville, 1843 2.5.18. Tettigometridae Germar, 1821 2.5.19. Tropiduchidae Stål, 1866 2.5.20. Yetkhatidae Song, Szwedo & Bourgoin, 2019 Note. Families Jubisentidae Zhang, Ren & Yao, 2019, Mimarachnidae Shcherbakov, 2007, Neazoniidae Szwedo, 2007 and Perforissidae Shcherbakov, 2007 remain currently non-placed in incertae sedis position under the Eucixioidian lineage., Published as part of Bourgoin, Thierry & Szwedo, Jacek, 2023, Toward a new classification of planthoppers Hemiptera Fulgoromorpha: 2. Higher taxa, their names and their composition, pp. 562-568 in Zootaxa 5297 (4) on page 566, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5297.4.5, http://zenodo.org/record/8009216, {"references":["Latreille, P. A. (1807) Sectio secunda. Familia quarta. Cicadariae. Cicadaires. Genera Crustaceorum et Insectorum secundum ordinem naturalem in familias disposita, iconibus exemplisque plurimis explicata, 3, 1 - 258. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 11558","Spinola, M. (1839) Essai sur les Fulgorelles, sous-tribu de la tribu des Cicadaires, ordre des Rhyngotes. Annales de la Societe Entomologique de France 8, 133 - 337 + 339 - 454, pls. 1 - 7.","Linnaeus, C. (1758) Systema naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata. Laurentii Salvii, Holmiae, [4] + 824 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 542","Zhao, Z. Q., Bourgoin, T., Szwedo, J., Song, Z. S., Chen, L. & Luo, C. H. (2023) The oldest genus and species of the fulgoroidian lineage in hemipteran Fulgoroidea from the Lower Cretaceous Laiyang Formation of China. Cretaceous Research, 143 (105423), 1 - 8. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. cretres. 2022.105423"]}

Bourgoin, Thierry, Szwedo, Jacek (2023): Toward a new classification of planthoppers Hemiptera Fulgoromorpha: 2. Higher taxa, their names and their composition. Zootaxa 5297 (4): 562-568, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5297.4.5, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5297.4.5

2.1.1. Coleoscytidae Martynov, 1935 Coleoscytidae sec. Martynov, 1935: family: 23 Type-genus: Coleoscyta Martynov, 1935: 23 Type-species: Coleoscyta rotundata Martynov, 1935: 24 Chronostratigraphic occurrence: Permian, Guadalupian, Roadian to Wordian (273.01±0.14 to 264.28±0.024 Ma). Oldest known fossil occurrence: e.g., Coleoscyta rotundata Martynov, 1935; youngest known fossil occurrence: Reticulocicada brachyptera Becker-Migdisova, 1961. Note. Currently grouping two genera: Coleoscyta and Reticulocicada Becker-Migdisova, 1961 (Bourgoin & Szwedo, 2022). Genus Kaltanoscyta Becker-Migdisova, 1960, related to Coleoscytidae by Carpenter (1992), is considered to belong to Cicadomorpha according to Shcherbakov (in Szwedo et al., 2004). 2.2. Surijokocixioidea Shcherbakov, 2000 Surijokocixioidea sec. Bourgoin, Szwedo & Lefebvre, 2004: superfamily: 12 - Surijokocixiioidea [sic!]: Bourgoin & Szwedo, 2022: 951, Published as part of Bourgoin, Thierry & Szwedo, Jacek, 2023, Toward a new classification of planthoppers Hemiptera Fulgoromorpha: 2. Higher taxa, their names and their composition, pp. 562-568 in Zootaxa 5297 (4) on pages 564-565, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5297.4.5, http://zenodo.org/record/8009216, {"references":["Martynov, A. V. (1935) Permian fossil insects from the Arkhangelsk district. Part 5. Homoptera. Trudy Paleontologicheskogo Instituta, Akademiya Nauk SSSR 4, 1 - 35.","Becker-Migdisova, E. E. (1961) Superoder Psocopteroidea, Rhynchota. In: Paleozoiskie nasekomye Kuznetskogo basseina. Trudy Paleontologicheskogo Instituta, Akademiya Nauk SSSR 85, 271 - 393. [in Russian]","Bourgoin, T. & Szwedo, J. (2022) Toward a new classification of planthoppers Hemiptera Fulgoromorpha: 1. What do Fulgoridiidae really cover? Annales Zoologici, 72 (4), 951 - 962. https: // doi. org / 10.3161 / 00034541 ANZ 2022.72.4.011","Szwedo, J., Bourgoin, T. & Lefebvre, F. (2004) Fossil planthoppers (Hemiptera: Fulgoromorpha) of the World. An annotated catalogue with notes on Hemiptera classification. Studio 1, Warszawa, 199 pp., 8 pls.","Shcherbakov, D. E. (2000) Permian faunas of Homoptera (Hemiptera) in relation to phytogeography and the Permo-Triassic crisis. Paleontological Journal, 34, S 251 - S 267."]}

1. Aviorrhynchidae Nel, Bourgoin, Engel & Szwedo, 2013 Aviorrhynchidae sec. Nel et al., 2013: family: 258. Type-genus: Aviorrhyncha Nel, Bourgoin, Engel & Szwedo, 2013 (in Nel et al., 2013: 258) Type-species: Aviorrhyncha magnifica Nel, Bourgoin, Engel & Szwedo, 2013 (in Nel et al., 2013: 258, 2c-e; Extended data figs. 5a, b; 6a) Chronostratigraphic occurrence: Carboniferous, Moscovian (315.2-308 Ma). Known from single fossil occurrence: Aviorrhyncha magnifica Nel, Bourgoin, Engel & Szwedo, 2013 in Nel et al., 2013. Note. The monospecific Aviorrhynchidae belong to a distinct lineage from the following Eucixioidian one. Both lineages would need a more specific analysis before gaining a formal rank within the clade Euhemiptera sec. Zrzavý, 1990 (synonym of Hemelytrata sec. Fallén, 1829; Szwedo, 2018)., Published as part of Bourgoin, Thierry & Szwedo, Jacek, 2023, Toward a new classification of planthoppers Hemiptera Fulgoromorpha: 2. Higher taxa, their names and their composition, pp. 562-568 in Zootaxa 5297 (4) on pages 563-564, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5297.4.5, http://zenodo.org/record/8009216, {"references":["Nel, A., Roques, P., Nel, P., Prokin, A. A., Bourgoin, T., Prokop, J., Szwedo, J., Azar, D., Desutter-Grandcolas, L., Wappler, T., Garrouste, R., Coty, D., Huang, D. Y., Engel, M. S. & Kirejtshuk, A. G. (2013) The earliest known holometabolous insects. Nature, 503 (7475), 257 - 261. https: // doi. org / 10.1038 / nature 12629","Szwedo, J. (2018) The unity, diversity and conformity of bugs (Hemiptera) through time. Earth and Environmental Science Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh, 107 (2 - 3), 109 - 128. [2017] https: // doi. org / 10.1017 / S 175569101700038 X"]}

2.4. Delphacoidea Leach, 1815 - Cixioïdes sec. Spinola, 1839: subfamily: 202 [Cixcoïdes (sic!): 204. Including ‘Cixioïdes’+‘Delphacoïdes’ (Spinola, 1839: 329)] - Cixioidea Latreille, 1807 sec. Bourgoin & Szwedo, 2022: superfamily: 952 [for Cixioidea Spinola, 1839 (sic!), Cixiioidea (sic!), corrected here as Delphacoidea Leach, 1815]. Type-genus: Delphax Fabricius, 1798 Type-species: Cicada crassicornis Panzer, 1796: 19 [by subsequent designation, ICZN, 1961: 246] Chronostratigraphic occurrence: Lower Cretaceous, Barremian (129.4±1.5 Ma to present). Oldest known fossil occurrence: Barremixius petrinus (Fennah, 1961). Composition: 2.4.1. Cixiidae Spinola, 1839 2.4.2. Delphacidae Leach, 1815 2.4.3. Lalacidae Hamilton, 1990 Note. Delphacida was formally described by Leach (1815: 125) with type genus Delphax, as a separate group of taxa from other planthoppers. Cixioïdes was formally described by Spinola (1839) in family ‘Fulgorites’ as a subfamily, including Delphax and other delphacids that he separated as a subunit within ‘Cixioïdes’ he called ‘Delphacoïdes’ (Spinola, 1839: 329). This higher taxon was therefore proposed for the first time by Spinola, but its name should follow ICZN Art. 23.3 of Principle of Priority and formed on Delphacida Leach, 1815., Published as part of Bourgoin, Thierry & Szwedo, Jacek, 2023, Toward a new classification of planthoppers Hemiptera Fulgoromorpha: 2. Higher taxa, their names and their composition, pp. 562-568 in Zootaxa 5297 (4) on pages 565-566, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5297.4.5, http://zenodo.org/record/8009216, {"references":["Leach, W. E. (1815) Entomology. The Edinburgh Encyclopedia, 9, 57 - 172. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 30911","Spinola, M. (1839) Essai sur les Fulgorelles, sous-tribu de la tribu des Cicadaires, ordre des Rhyngotes. Annales de la Societe Entomologique de France 8, 133 - 337 + 339 - 454, pls. 1 - 7.","Latreille, P. A. (1807) Sectio secunda. Familia quarta. Cicadariae. Cicadaires. Genera Crustaceorum et Insectorum secundum ordinem naturalem in familias disposita, iconibus exemplisque plurimis explicata, 3, 1 - 258. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 11558","Bourgoin, T. & Szwedo, J. (2022) Toward a new classification of planthoppers Hemiptera Fulgoromorpha: 1. What do Fulgoridiidae really cover? Annales Zoologici, 72 (4), 951 - 962. https: // doi. org / 10.3161 / 00034541 ANZ 2022.72.4.011","Panzer, G. W. (1796) Cicada crassicornis, Cicada dubia. Faunae insectorum Germanicae initia: oder Deutschlands Insecten Hemiptera, 35, 19 - 20. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 12432","ICZN [International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature] (1961) Opinion 602. Delphax Fabricius, 1798 (Insecta, Hemiptera); Interpretation under the plenary powers. Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature, 18 (4), 246 - 248. [https: // biostor. org / reference / 4557]"]}

2.2.1. Surijokocixiidae Shcherbakov, 2000 Surijokocixiidae sec. Shcherbakov, 1988: family: 8 - Surijokocixiidae sec. Shcherbakov, 2000: family: S251 - Surijokocixiidae Shcherbakov, 1988: 8 [taxon name given without taxon definition] - Prygidae Aristov & Rasnitsyn, 2014: 68 (pars) Type-genus: Surijokocixius Becker-Migdisova, 1961: 359 Type-species: Surijokocixius tomiensis Becker-Migdisova, 1961: 360, figs. 292, 293 Chronostratigraphic occurrence: Permian, Guadalupian, Wordian to Upper Triassic, Norian (266.9 to 208.5 Ma). Oldest known fossil occurrence: Surijokocixius tomiensis Becker-Migdisova, 1961; youngest known fossil occurrence: e.g., Crosbixius carsburgi Lambkin, 2020. Note. Single family currently comprising eight genera: Boreocixius Becker-Migdisova, 1955, Crosbixius Lambkin, 2020, Karesmina Lambkin, 2020, Parapryg Aristov & Rasnitsyn, 2014, Scytocixius Martynov, 1939, Sinosurijokocixius Zhang, Szwedo & Zhang, 2023, Surijokocixius Becker-Migdisova, 1961, and Tricrosbia Evans, 1971., Published as part of Bourgoin, Thierry & Szwedo, Jacek, 2023, Toward a new classification of planthoppers Hemiptera Fulgoromorpha: 2. Higher taxa, their names and their composition, pp. 562-568 in Zootaxa 5297 (4) on page 565, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5297.4.5, http://zenodo.org/record/8009216, {"references":["Shcherbakov, D. E. (2000) Permian faunas of Homoptera (Hemiptera) in relation to phytogeography and the Permo-Triassic crisis. Paleontological Journal, 34, S 251 - S 267.","Shcherbakov, D. E. (1988) Origin and evolution of Auchenorrhyncha based on fossil evidence. Proceedings of the XVIIIth International Congress of Entomology, Vancouver, BC, Canada, 3 - 9 July 1988, 8.","Aristov, D. S. & Rasnitsyn, A. P. (2014) Novye eoblattidy iz permi Rosii i SSHA i proiskhozhdenie ukhovertok (Insecta: Eoblattida, Forficulida). Paleontologicheskii Zhurnal 2014 (4), 66 - 71. [in Russian, published in English as: Aristov, D. S. & Rasnitsyn, A. P. (2014) New Eoblattida from the Permian of Russia and the United States and the origin of earwigs (Insecta: Eoblattida, Forficulida). Paleontological Journal, 48, 407 - 413]","Becker-Migdisova, E. E. (1961) Superoder Psocopteroidea, Rhynchota. In: Paleozoiskie nasekomye Kuznetskogo basseina. Trudy Paleontologicheskogo Instituta, Akademiya Nauk SSSR 85, 271 - 393. [in Russian]"]}