25 results on '"Szwaja, Magdalena"'
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2. Pyrolysis oil blended n-butanol as a fuel for power generation by an internal combustion engine
- Author
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Szwaja, Magdalena, Chwist, Mariusz, Szymanek, Arkadiusz, and Szwaja, Stanisław
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
3. Thermodynamic Analysis of the Combustion Process in Hydrogen-Fueled Engines with EGR.
- Author
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Szwaja, Stanislaw, Piotrowski, Andrzej, Szwaja, Magdalena, and Musial, Dorota
- Subjects
INTERNAL combustion engine exhaust gas ,SPARK ignition engines ,HEAT release rates ,EXHAUST gas recirculation ,COMBUSTION - Abstract
This article presents a novel approach to the analysis of heat release in a hydrogen-fueled internal combustion spark-ignition engine with exhaust gas recirculation (EGR). It also discusses aspects of thermodynamic analysis common to modeling and empirical analysis. This new approach concerns a novel method of calculating the specific heat ratio (c
p /cv ) and takes into account the reduction in the number of moles during combustion, which is characteristic of hydrogen combustion. This reduction in the number of moles was designated as a molar contraction. This is particularly crucial when calculating the average temperature during combustion. Subsequently, the outcomes of experimental tests, including the heat-release rate, the initial combustion phase (denoted CA0-10) and the main combustion phase (CA10-90), are presented. Furthermore, the impact of exhaust gas recirculation on the combustion process in the engine is also discussed. The efficacy of the proposed measures was validated by analyzing the heat-release rate and calculating the mean combustion temperature in the engine. The application of EGR in the range 0-40% resulted in a notable prolongation of both the initial and main combustion phases, which consequently influenced the mean combustion temperature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
4. Influence of exhaust residuals on combustion phases, exhaust toxic emission and fuel consumption from a natural gas fueled spark-ignition engine
- Author
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Szwaja, Stanislaw, Ansari, Ehsan, Rao, Sandesh, Szwaja, Magdalena, Grab-Rogalinski, Karol, Naber, Jeffrey D., and Pyrc, Michal
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
5. Combustion comparative analysis of pyrolysis oil and diesel fuel under constant-volume conditions.
- Author
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SZWAJA, Magdalena and SZYMANEK, Arkadiusz
- Subjects
PYROLYSIS ,PLASTICS ,DISTILLATION ,COMPARATIVE studies ,COMBUSTION chambers - Abstract
The article discusses the research results on the combustion of pyrolysis oil derived from the pyrolysis of HDPE plastics after its distillation. The tests were carried out in a constant-volume combustion chamber in conditions similar to those in a compression-ignition engine with a compression ratio of 17.5:1. The phases of premixed and diffusion combustion and the ignition lag were determined. Then, diesel fuel combustion tests were performed under similar pressure-temperature conditions. Comparative analysis was used to draw conclusions as follows: the percentage fraction of heat released from the premixed combustion phase to total heat for pyrolysis oil was nearly 22%, whereas this parameter is 15% for diesel fuel, the maximum combustion rate for the premixed combustion phase for pyrolysis oil was approximately 27% higher than the premixed combustion rate for diesel fuel, the ignition lag for pyrolysis oil was slightly longer compared to that for diesel fuel. The presented parameters have a significant impact on both the development of combustion and the thermal efficiency of the internal combustion engine. Summing up, one can conclude, that pyrolysis oil can be applied as a substitute for diesel fuel both as a single fuel or blend component with it. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
6. Comparative Analysis of Injection of Pyrolysis Oil from Plastics and Gasoline into the Engine Cylinder and Atomization by a Direct High-Pressure Injector.
- Author
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Szwaja, Magdalena, Naber, Jeffrey D., Shonnard, David, Kulas, Daniel, Zolghadr, Ali, and Szwaja, Stanislaw
- Subjects
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ENGINE cylinders , *SPARK ignition engines , *GASOLINE , *PETROLEUM , *PYROLYSIS , *HIGH density polyethylene - Abstract
The article discusses the results of experimental studies on the course of pyrolysis oil injection through the high-pressure injector of a direct-injection engine. The pyrolysis oil used for the tests was derived from waste plastics (mainly high-density polyethylene—HDPE). This oil was then distilled. The article also describes the production technology of this pyrolysis oil on a laboratory scale. It presents the results of the chemical composition of the raw pyrolysis oil and the oil after the distillation process using GC-MS analysis. Fuel injection tests were carried out for the distilled pyrolysis oil and a 91 RON gasoline in order to perform a comparative analysis with the tested pyrolysis oil. In this case, the research was focused on the injected spray cloud analysis. The essential tested parameter was the Sauter Mean Diameter (SMD) of fuel droplets measured at the injection pressure of 400 bar. The analysis showed that the oil after distillation contained a significant proportion of light hydrocarbons similar to gasoline, and that the SMDs for distilled pyrolysis oil and gasoline were similar in the 7–9 µm range. In conclusion, it can be considered that distilled pyrolysis oil from HDPE can be used both as an additive for blending with gasoline in a spark-ignition engine or as a single fuel for a gasoline compression-ignition direct injection engine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
7. Thermal and Stress Properties of Briquettes from Virginia Mallow Energetic Crops.
- Author
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Kurtyka, Marek, Szwaja, Magdalena, Piotrowski, Andrzej, Tora, Barbara, and Szwaja, Stanislaw
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BRIQUETS , *THERMAL stresses , *THERMAL properties , *PLANT biomass , *THERMAL conductivity , *MALVACEAE , *HIGH temperatures - Abstract
The article discusses the influence of briquetting/compaction parameters. This includes the effects of pressure and temperature on material density and the thermal conductivity of biomass compacted into briquette samples. Plant biomass mainly consists of lignin and cellulose which breaks down into simple polymers at the elevated temperature of 200 °C. Hence, the compaction pressure, compaction temperature, density, and thermal conductivity of the tested material play crucial roles in the briquetting and the torrefaction process to transform it into charcoal with a high carbon content. The tests were realized for samples of raw biomass compacted under pressure in the range from 100 to 1000 bar and at two temperatures of 20 and 200 °C. The pressure of 200 bar was concluded as the most economically viable in briquetting technology in the tests conducted. The conducted research shows a relatively good log relationship between the density of the compacted briquette and the compaction pressure. Additionally, higher compaction pressure resulted in higher destructive force of the compacted material, which may affect the lower abrasion of the material. Regarding heat transfer throughout the sample, the average thermal conductivity for the compacted biomass was determined at a value of 0.048 ± 0.001 W/(K∙m). Finally, the described methodology for thermal conductivity determination has been found to be a reliable tool, therefore it can be proposed for other applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
8. Usage of Converter Gas as a Substitute Fuel for a Tunnel Furnace in Steelworks.
- Author
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Musial, Dorota, Szwaja, Magdalena, Kurtyka, Marek, and Szwaja, Stanislaw
- Subjects
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NATURAL gas , *TUNNELS , *SYNTHETIC natural gas , *GAS as fuel , *STEEL mills , *CARBON emissions , *FURNACES - Abstract
Converter gas (BOFG) is a by-product of the steel manufacturing process in steelworks. Its usage as a substitute fuel instead of natural gas for fueling a metallurgical furnace seems to be reasonable due to potential benefits as follows: CO2 emission reduction into the ambient air and savings in purchasing costs of natural gas. Results of theoretical analysis focused on implementing converter gas as a fuel for feeding a tunnel furnace for either steel plate rolling, steel sheet hardening in its real working condition or both, are discussed. The analysis was focused on the combustion chemistry of the converter gas and its potential ecological and economic benefits obtained from converter gas usage to heat up steel in a tunnel furnace. Simulations of combustion were conducted using a skeletal chemical kinetic mechanism by Konnov. The directed relation graph with error propagation aided sensitivity analysis (DRGEPSA) method was used to obtain this skeletal kinetic mechanism. Finally, the model was validated on a real tunnel furnace fueled by natural gas. Regarding exhaust emissions, it was found that nitric oxide (NO) dropped down from 275 to 80 ppm when natural gas was replaced by converter gas. However, carbon dioxide emissions increased more than three times in this case, but there is no possibility of eliminating carbon dioxide from steel manufacturing processes at all. Economic analysis showed savings of 44% in fuel purchase costs when natural gas was replaced by converter gas. Summing up, the potential benefits resulting from substituting natural gas with converter gas led to the conclusion that converter gas is strongly recommended as fuel for a tunnel furnace in the steel manufacturing process. Practical application requires testing gas burners in terms of their efficiency, which should provide the same amount of energy supplied to the furnace when fed with converter gas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
9. Thermodynamic Analysis of Combustion Events in The Natural Gas Fuelled SI Engine With VVT
- Author
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Szwaja, Magdalena, Mazuro, Paweł, and Szwaja, Stanisław
- Abstract
The main aim of the research was to investigate influence of overlap of the natural gas fuelled spark ignited engine on the following parameters: Indicated Mean Effective Pressure (IMEP), heat rate release including combustion phases (ignition lag, main combustion phase). The content of the study includes results from processing in-cylinder pressure measurements, heat release rate analysis, combustion phases, and finally the conclusions. The tests were carried out on the test bed including the single cylinder research engine with a displacement volume of 550 cm3. The engine was equipped with independent cam phasors for both intake and exhaust valves, but for this investigation, the exhaust valve timing was fixed (the exhaust cam centre line was fixed at -95 crank angle (CA) deg before Top Dead Centre) and intake valve timing was changed (the intake cam centre line was varied from 90 to 150 CA deg after Top Dead Centre). The overlap was changed in the range from 85 to 25 CA deg. 8 tests series were performed, each singular series consisted of 300 consecutive engine combustion cycles. As observed, by varying the valve overlap it contributes to significant change in the peak combustion pressure, peak of heat release rate, and combustion phases. Summing up, variable valve timing affects compression and expansion strokes by changing polytropic indexes due to various amounts of exhaust residuals trapped in the cylinder. It affects not only engine volumetric efficiency but also the heat release rate and IMEP, so it does engine performance. Thus, variable valve timing can be considered as valuable tool that can be applied to the natural gas fuelled internal combustion engine.
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
10. Effective Combustion of Glycerol in a Compression Ignition Engine Equipped with Double Direct Fuel Injection.
- Author
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Gruca, Michal, Pyrc, Michal, Szwaja, Magdalena, and Szwaja, Stanislaw
- Subjects
DIESEL motors ,COGENERATION of electric power & heat ,GLYCERIN ,EXHAUST gas recirculation ,HEAT engines ,ALTERNATIVE fuels ,FUEL ,COMBUSTION - Abstract
The paper presents results from an investigation focused on toxicity content in the exhaust gases emitted by an internal combustion compression ignition engine fueled with glycerol-ethanol blends at ratio of 50/50% by volume. The innovative issue of this engine is the application of two high pressure injectors for injecting both glycerol-ethanol blend and diesel pilot fuel at high pressure (over 200 MPa). As known, glycerol is considered a byproduct from biodiesel production technologies, hence its cost is relatively low compared to other renewable alternative fuels which can be applied as fuels to the reciprocating piston engines. It was found that the toxic components UHC, NOx and CO were below the maximum allowed limits. Both NOx and smoke emissions were strongly reduced with increasing glycerol-ethanol fraction in the fuel. Summarizing, a fueling strategy such as that proposed in this paper makes it possible to effectively and environmentally friendly combust crude glycerol in compression ignition engines working in a heat and power cogeneration unit. Exhaust gas emission tests conducted in this case confirmed the usability of this technology to be implemented into practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
11. Theoretical and Experimental Analysis on Co-Gasification of Sewage Sludge with Energetic Crops.
- Author
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Szwaja, Stanislaw, Poskart, Anna, Zajemska, Monika, and Szwaja, Magdalena
- Subjects
SEWAGE sludge ,SLUDGE management ,SOLID waste ,BIOMASS ,SYNTHESIS gas - Abstract
As known, dried sewage sludge, is a by-product produced from waste water treatment, contains significant amounts of organic content, and makes up to 60% with overall calorific value from 9 to 12 MJ/kg. Hence, it can be considered as material for thermal processing focusing on heat and power production. Among thermal conversion technologies, gasification is seen as the effective one because it can be easily combined with heat and power cogeneration units. On the other hand, due to high mineral content (40–50%) in the sludge, it is difficult to be gasified and obtain syngas with calorific value satisfactory enough for fueling the internal combustion engine. The dried sludge can be subjected to be gasified at temperature above 850 °C. However, large amounts of mineral content do not provide favorable conditions to obtain this required temperature. Thus, it is proposed to enrich the sewage sludge with biomass characterized with significantly higher calorific value. In the article, co-gasification of sewage sludge and Virginia Mallow—energetic crops was investigated. Results from experimental and numerical investigation have been presented. The dried sewage sludge enriched with Virginia Mallow at a mass ratio of 0/100%, 50/50% and 100/0% in tests and in the range from 0 to 100% for theoretical analysis was applied in order to achieve effective gasification process. As observed, lignocellulosic biomass like Virginia Mallow contains low amounts of mineral content below 2%, which makes it appropriate for thermal processing. It contributes to more stable and efficient gasification process. Additionally, Virginia Mallow caused that the process temperature possible to achieve, was 950 °C. Thus, sewage sludge was mixed with this high-energy component in order to improve the gasification parameters and obtain syngas with higher calorific value. A zero-dimensional, two-zone model was developed with aid of the POLIMI kinetics mechanism developed by CRECK Modeling Group to simulate gasification of low calorific substances enriched with high calorific biomass. Obtained results showed that sewage sludge can be completely gasified at presence of Virginia Mallow. Syngas calorific value of approximately 5 MJ/Nm
3 was produced from this gasification process. The maximal percentage of Virginia Mallow in the mixture with the sewage sludge was set at 50% due to economic aspects of the technology. It was found, that satisfactory conditions for effective gasification were achieved at this 50/50% percentage of sewage sludge and Virginia Mallow. Potential intensity of gasification was predicted from this 0-D 2-zones model, which calculates area of reduction zone to area of combustion zone. This reduction-to-combustion area ratio for the sewage sludge-Virginia Mallow mixture was estimated at value of 2. Finally, the model was successfully verified with results from tests, hence it was proposed as a tool for preliminary investigation on poor fuels gasification. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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