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4. GCOS EHI 1960-2020 Earth Heat Inventory Ocean Heat Content (Version 2)

Author

von Schuckmann, K., Minière, A., Gues, F., Cuesta-Valero, Francisco Jose, Kirchengast, G., Adusumilli, S., Straneo, F., Allan, R.P., Barker, P.M., Beltrami, H., Blazquez, A., Boyer, T., Cheng, L., Church, J., Desbruyeres, D., Dolman, H., Domingues, C.M., García-García, Almudena, Gilson, J.E., Gorfer, M., Haimberger, L., Hendricks, S., Hosoda, S., Johnson, G.C., Killick, R., King, B., Kolodziejczyk, N., Korosov, A., Krinner, G., Kuusela, M., Langer, M., Lavergne, T., Lawrence, I., Li, Y., Lyman, J., Marti, F., Marzeion, B., Mayer, M., MacDougall, A.H., McDougall, T., Monselesan, D.P., Nitzbon, J., Otosaka, I., Peng, Jian ; orcid:0000-0002-4071-0512, Purkey, S., Roemmich, D., Sato, K., Savita, A., Schweiger, A., Shepherd, A., Seneviratne, S.I., Slater, D.A., Slater, T., Simons, L., Steiner, A.K., Szekely, T., Suga, T., Thiery, W., Timmermans, M.-L., Vanderkelen, I., Wjiffels, S.E., Wu, T., Zemp, M., von Schuckmann, K., Minière, A., Gues, F., Cuesta-Valero, Francisco Jose, Kirchengast, G., Adusumilli, S., Straneo, F., Allan, R.P., Barker, P.M., Beltrami, H., Blazquez, A., Boyer, T., Cheng, L., Church, J., Desbruyeres, D., Dolman, H., Domingues, C.M., García-García, Almudena, Gilson, J.E., Gorfer, M., Haimberger, L., Hendricks, S., Hosoda, S., Johnson, G.C., Killick, R., King, B., Kolodziejczyk, N., Korosov, A., Krinner, G., Kuusela, M., Langer, M., Lavergne, T., Lawrence, I., Li, Y., Lyman, J., Marti, F., Marzeion, B., Mayer, M., MacDougall, A.H., McDougall, T., Monselesan, D.P., Nitzbon, J., Otosaka, I., Peng, Jian ; orcid:0000-0002-4071-0512, Purkey, S., Roemmich, D., Sato, K., Savita, A., Schweiger, A., Shepherd, A., Seneviratne, S.I., Slater, D.A., Slater, T., Simons, L., Steiner, A.K., Szekely, T., Suga, T., Thiery, W., Timmermans, M.-L., Vanderkelen, I., Wjiffels, S.E., Wu, T., and Zemp, M.

Abstract

The Earth climate system is out of energy balance, and heat has accumulated continuously over the past decades, warming the ocean, the land, the cryosphere, and the atmosphere. According to the Sixth Assessment Report by Working Group I of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, this planetary warming over multiple decades is human-driven and results in unprecedented and committed changes to the Earth system, with adverse impacts for ecosystems and human systems. The Earth heat inventory provides a measure of the Earth energy imbalance (EEI) and allows for quantifying how much heat has accumulated in the Earth system, as well as where the heat is stored. Here we show that the Earth system has continued to accumulate heat, with 381±61 ZJ accumulated from 1971 to 2020. This is equivalent to a heating rate (i.e., the EEI) of 0.48±0.1 W m−2. The majority, about 89 %, of this heat is stored in the ocean, followed by about 6 % on land, 1 % in the atmosphere, and about 4 % available for melting the cryosphere. Over the most recent period (2006–2020), the EEI amounts to 0.76±0.2 W m−2. The Earth energy imbalance is the most fundamental global climate indicator that the scientific community and the public can use as the measure of how well the world is doing in the task of bringing anthropogenic climate change under control. Moreover, this indicator is highly complementary to other established ones like global mean surface temperature as it represents a robust measure of the rate of climate change and its future commitment. We call for an implementation of the Earth energy imbalance into the Paris Agreement's Global Stocktake based on best available science. The Earth heat inventory in this study, updated from von Schuckmann et al. (2020), is underpinned by worldwide multidisciplinary collaboration and demonstrates the critical importance of concerted international efforts for climate change monitoring and community-based recommendations and we also

Published
2023

5. Heat stored in the Earth system 1960–2020: where does the energy go?

Author

von Schuckmann, K., Minière, A., Gues, F., Cuesta-Valero, Francisco Jose, Kirchengast, G., Adusumilli, S., Straneo, F., Ablain, M., Allan, R.P., Barker, P.M., Beltrami, H., Blazquez, A., Boyer, T., Cheng, L., Church, J., Desbruyeres, D., Dolman, H., Domingues, C.M., García-García, Almudena, Giglio, D., Gilson, J.E., Gorfer, M., Haimberger, L., Hakuba, M.Z., Hendricks, S., Hosoda, S., Johnson, G.C., Killick, R., King, B., Kolodziejczyk, N., Korosov, A., Krinner, G., Kuusela, M., Landerer, F.W., Langer, M., Lavergne, T., Lawrence, I., Li, Y., Lyman, J., Marti, F., Marzeion, B., Mayer, M., MacDougall, A.H., McDougall, T., Monselesan, D.P., Nitzbon, J., Otosaka, I., Peng, Jian, Purkey, S., Roemmich, D., Sato, K., Savita, A., Schweiger, A., Shepherd, A., Seneviratne, S.I., Simons, L., Slater, D.A., Slater, T., Steiner, A.K., Suga, T., Szekely, T., Thiery, W., Timmermans, M.-L., Vanderkelen, I., Wjiffels, S.E., Wu, T., Zemp, M., von Schuckmann, K., Minière, A., Gues, F., Cuesta-Valero, Francisco Jose, Kirchengast, G., Adusumilli, S., Straneo, F., Ablain, M., Allan, R.P., Barker, P.M., Beltrami, H., Blazquez, A., Boyer, T., Cheng, L., Church, J., Desbruyeres, D., Dolman, H., Domingues, C.M., García-García, Almudena, Giglio, D., Gilson, J.E., Gorfer, M., Haimberger, L., Hakuba, M.Z., Hendricks, S., Hosoda, S., Johnson, G.C., Killick, R., King, B., Kolodziejczyk, N., Korosov, A., Krinner, G., Kuusela, M., Landerer, F.W., Langer, M., Lavergne, T., Lawrence, I., Li, Y., Lyman, J., Marti, F., Marzeion, B., Mayer, M., MacDougall, A.H., McDougall, T., Monselesan, D.P., Nitzbon, J., Otosaka, I., Peng, Jian, Purkey, S., Roemmich, D., Sato, K., Savita, A., Schweiger, A., Shepherd, A., Seneviratne, S.I., Simons, L., Slater, D.A., Slater, T., Steiner, A.K., Suga, T., Szekely, T., Thiery, W., Timmermans, M.-L., Vanderkelen, I., Wjiffels, S.E., Wu, T., and Zemp, M.

Abstract

The Earth climate system is out of energy balance, and heat has accumulated continuously over the past decades, warming the ocean, the land, the cryosphere, and the atmosphere. According to the Sixth Assessment Report by Working Group I of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, this planetary warming over multiple decades is human-driven and results in unprecedented and committed changes to the Earth system, with adverse impacts for ecosystems and human systems. The Earth heat inventory provides a measure of the Earth energy imbalance (EEI) and allows for quantifying how much heat has accumulated in the Earth system, as well as where the heat is stored. Here we show that the Earth system has continued to accumulate heat, with 381±61 ZJ accumulated from 1971 to 2020. This is equivalent to a heating rate (i.e., the EEI) of 0.48±0.1 W m−2. The majority, about 89 %, of this heat is stored in the ocean, followed by about 6 % on land, 1 % in the atmosphere, and about 4 % available for melting the cryosphere. Over the most recent period (2006–2020), the EEI amounts to 0.76±0.2 W m−2. The Earth energy imbalance is the most fundamental global climate indicator that the scientific community and the public can use as the measure of how well the world is doing in the task of bringing anthropogenic climate change under control. Moreover, this indicator is highly complementary to other established ones like global mean surface temperature as it represents a robust measure of the rate of climate change and its future commitment. We call for an implementation of the Earth energy imbalance into the Paris Agreement's Global Stocktake based on best available science. The Earth heat inventory in this study, updated from von Schuckmann et al. (2020), is underpinned by worldwide multidisciplinary collaboration and demonstrates the critical importance of concerted international efforts for climate change monitoring and community-based recommendations and we also call for urgently

Published
2023

6. GCOS EHI 1960-2020 Earth Heat Inventory Ocean Heat Content (Version 1)

Author

von Schuckmann, K., Minière, A., Gues, F., Cuesta-Valero, Francisco Jose, Kirchengast, G., Adusumilli, S., Straneo, F., Allan, R.P., Barker, P.M., Beltrami, H., Blazquez, A., Boyer, T., Cheng, L., Church, J., Desbruyeres, D., Dolman, H., Domingues, C.M., García-García, Almudena, Gilson, J.E., Gorfer, M., Haimberger, L., Hendricks, S., Hosoda, S., Johnson, G.C., Killick, R., King, B., Kolodziejczyk, N., Korosov, A., Krinner, G., Kuusela, M., Langer, M., Lavergne, T., Lawrence, I., Li, Y., Lyman, J., Marti, F., Marzeion, B., Mayer, M., MacDougall, A.H., McDougall, T., Monselesan, D.P., Nitzbon, J., Otosaka, I., Peng, Jian ; orcid:0000-0002-4071-0512, Purkey, S., Roemmich, D., Sato, K., Savita, A., Schweiger, A., Shepherd, A., Seneviratne, S.I., Slater, D.A., Slater, T., Simons, L., Steiner, A.K., Szekely, T., Suga, T., Thiery, W., Timmermans, M.-L., Vanderkelen, I., Wjiffels, S.E., Wu, T., Zemp, M., von Schuckmann, K., Minière, A., Gues, F., Cuesta-Valero, Francisco Jose, Kirchengast, G., Adusumilli, S., Straneo, F., Allan, R.P., Barker, P.M., Beltrami, H., Blazquez, A., Boyer, T., Cheng, L., Church, J., Desbruyeres, D., Dolman, H., Domingues, C.M., García-García, Almudena, Gilson, J.E., Gorfer, M., Haimberger, L., Hendricks, S., Hosoda, S., Johnson, G.C., Killick, R., King, B., Kolodziejczyk, N., Korosov, A., Krinner, G., Kuusela, M., Langer, M., Lavergne, T., Lawrence, I., Li, Y., Lyman, J., Marti, F., Marzeion, B., Mayer, M., MacDougall, A.H., McDougall, T., Monselesan, D.P., Nitzbon, J., Otosaka, I., Peng, Jian ; orcid:0000-0002-4071-0512, Purkey, S., Roemmich, D., Sato, K., Savita, A., Schweiger, A., Shepherd, A., Seneviratne, S.I., Slater, D.A., Slater, T., Simons, L., Steiner, A.K., Szekely, T., Suga, T., Thiery, W., Timmermans, M.-L., Vanderkelen, I., Wjiffels, S.E., Wu, T., and Zemp, M.

Abstract

The Earth climate system is out of energy balance, and heat has accumulated continuously over the past decades, warming the ocean, the land, the cryosphere, and the atmosphere. According to the Sixth Assessment Report by Working Group I of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, this planetary warming over multiple decades is human-driven and results in unprecedented and committed changes to the Earth system, with adverse impacts for ecosystems and human systems. The Earth heat inventory provides a measure of the Earth energy imbalance (EEI) and allows for quantifying how much heat has accumulated in the Earth system, as well as where the heat is stored. Here we show that the Earth system has continued to accumulate heat, with 381±61 ZJ accumulated from 1971 to 2020. This is equivalent to a heating rate (i.e., the EEI) of 0.48±0.1 W m−2. The majority, about 89 %, of this heat is stored in the ocean, followed by about 6 % on land, 1 % in the atmosphere, and about 4 % available for melting the cryosphere. Over the most recent period (2006–2020), the EEI amounts to 0.76±0.2 W m−2. The Earth energy imbalance is the most fundamental global climate indicator that the scientific community and the public can use as the measure of how well the world is doing in the task of bringing anthropogenic climate change under control. Moreover, this indicator is highly complementary to other established ones like global mean surface temperature as it represents a robust measure of the rate of climate change and its future commitment. We call for an implementation of the Earth energy imbalance into the Paris Agreement's Global Stocktake based on best available science. The Earth heat inventory in this study, updated from von Schuckmann et al. (2020), is underpinned by worldwide multidisciplinary collaboration and demonstrates the critical importance of concerted international efforts for climate change monitoring and community-based recommendations and we also

Published
2022

9. Dense sampling of bird diversity increases power of comparative genomics (vol 587, pg 252, 2020)

Author

Feng, S, Stiller, J, Deng, Y, Armstrong, J, Fang, Q, Reeve, AH, Xie, D, Chen, G, Guo, C, Faircloth, BC, Petersen, B, Wang, Z, Zhou, Q, Diekhans, M, Chen, W, Andreu-Sanchez, S, Margaryan, A, Howard, JT, Parent, C, Pacheco, G, Sinding, M-HS, Puetz, L, Cavill, E, Ribeiro, AM, Eckhart, L, Fjeldsa, J, Hosner, PA, Brumfield, RT, Christidis, L, Bertelsen, MF, Sicheritz-Ponten, T, Tietze, DT, Robertson, BC, Song, G, Borgia, G, Claramunt, S, Lovette, IJ, Cowen, SJ, Njoroge, P, Dumbacher, JP, Ryder, OA, Fuchs, J, Bunce, M, Burt, DW, Cracraft, J, Meng, G, Hackett, SJ, Ryan, PG, Jonsson, KA, Jamieson, IG, da Fonseca, RR, Braun, EL, Houde, P, Mirarab, S, Suh, A, Hansson, B, Ponnikas, S, Sigeman, H, Stervander, M, Frandsen, PB, van der Zwan, H, van der Sluis, R, Visser, C, Balakrishnan, CN, Clark, AG, Fitzpatrick, JW, Bowman, R, Chen, N, Cloutier, A, Sackton, TB, Edwards, SV, Foote, DJ, Shakya, SB, Sheldon, FH, Vignal, A, Soares, AER, Shapiro, B, Gonzalez-Solis, J, Ferrer-Obiol, J, Rozas, J, Riutort, M, Tigano, A, Friesen, V, Dalen, L, Urrutia, AO, Szekely, T, Liu, Y, Campana, MG, Corvelo, A, Fleischer, RC, Rutherford, KM, Gemmell, NJ, Dussex, N, Mouritsen, H, Thiele, N, Delmore, K, Liedvogel, M, Franke, A, Hoeppner, MP, Krone, O, Fudickar, AM, Mila, B, Ketterson, ED, Fidler, AE, Friis, G, Parody-Merino, AM, Battley, PF, Cox, MP, Lima, NCB, Prosdocimi, F, Parchman, TL, Schlinger, BA, Loiselle, BA, Blake, JG, Lim, HC, Day, LB, Fuxjager, MJ, Baldwin, MW, Braun, MJ, Wirthlin, M, Dikow, RB, Ryder, TB, Camenisch, G, Keller, LF, DaCosta, JM, Hauber, ME, Louder, MIM, Witt, CC, McGuire, JA, Mudge, J, Megna, LC, Carling, MD, Wang, B, Taylor, SA, Del-Rio, G, Aleixo, A, Vasconcelos, ATR, Mello, CV, Weir, JT, Haussler, D, Li, Q, Yang, H, Wang, J, Lei, F, Rahbek, C, Gilbert, MTP, Graves, GR, Jarvis, ED, Paten, B, Zhang, G, Feng, S, Stiller, J, Deng, Y, Armstrong, J, Fang, Q, Reeve, AH, Xie, D, Chen, G, Guo, C, Faircloth, BC, Petersen, B, Wang, Z, Zhou, Q, Diekhans, M, Chen, W, Andreu-Sanchez, S, Margaryan, A, Howard, JT, Parent, C, Pacheco, G, Sinding, M-HS, Puetz, L, Cavill, E, Ribeiro, AM, Eckhart, L, Fjeldsa, J, Hosner, PA, Brumfield, RT, Christidis, L, Bertelsen, MF, Sicheritz-Ponten, T, Tietze, DT, Robertson, BC, Song, G, Borgia, G, Claramunt, S, Lovette, IJ, Cowen, SJ, Njoroge, P, Dumbacher, JP, Ryder, OA, Fuchs, J, Bunce, M, Burt, DW, Cracraft, J, Meng, G, Hackett, SJ, Ryan, PG, Jonsson, KA, Jamieson, IG, da Fonseca, RR, Braun, EL, Houde, P, Mirarab, S, Suh, A, Hansson, B, Ponnikas, S, Sigeman, H, Stervander, M, Frandsen, PB, van der Zwan, H, van der Sluis, R, Visser, C, Balakrishnan, CN, Clark, AG, Fitzpatrick, JW, Bowman, R, Chen, N, Cloutier, A, Sackton, TB, Edwards, SV, Foote, DJ, Shakya, SB, Sheldon, FH, Vignal, A, Soares, AER, Shapiro, B, Gonzalez-Solis, J, Ferrer-Obiol, J, Rozas, J, Riutort, M, Tigano, A, Friesen, V, Dalen, L, Urrutia, AO, Szekely, T, Liu, Y, Campana, MG, Corvelo, A, Fleischer, RC, Rutherford, KM, Gemmell, NJ, Dussex, N, Mouritsen, H, Thiele, N, Delmore, K, Liedvogel, M, Franke, A, Hoeppner, MP, Krone, O, Fudickar, AM, Mila, B, Ketterson, ED, Fidler, AE, Friis, G, Parody-Merino, AM, Battley, PF, Cox, MP, Lima, NCB, Prosdocimi, F, Parchman, TL, Schlinger, BA, Loiselle, BA, Blake, JG, Lim, HC, Day, LB, Fuxjager, MJ, Baldwin, MW, Braun, MJ, Wirthlin, M, Dikow, RB, Ryder, TB, Camenisch, G, Keller, LF, DaCosta, JM, Hauber, ME, Louder, MIM, Witt, CC, McGuire, JA, Mudge, J, Megna, LC, Carling, MD, Wang, B, Taylor, SA, Del-Rio, G, Aleixo, A, Vasconcelos, ATR, Mello, CV, Weir, JT, Haussler, D, Li, Q, Yang, H, Wang, J, Lei, F, Rahbek, C, Gilbert, MTP, Graves, GR, Jarvis, ED, Paten, B, and Zhang, G

Abstract

A Correction to this paper has been published: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-021-03473-8.

Published
2021

10. Ecology and allometry predict the evolution of avian developmental durations

Author

Cooney, C.R., Sheard, C., Clark, A.D., Healy, S.D., Liker, A., Street, S.E., Troisi, C.A., Thomas, G.H., Szekely, T., Hemmings, N., and Wright, A.E.

Abstract

The duration of the developmental period represents a fundamental axis of life history variation, yet broad insights regarding the drivers of this diversity are currently lacking. Here, we test mechanistic and ecological explanations for the evolution of developmental duration using embryological data and information on incubation and fledging for 3096 avian species. Developmental phases associated primarily with growth are the longest and most variable, consistent with a role for allometric constraint in determining the duration of development. In addition, developmental durations retain a strong imprint of deep evolutionary history and body size differences among species explain less variation than previously thought. Finally, we reveal ecological correlates of developmental durations, including variables associated with the relative safety of the developmental environment and pressures of breeding phenology. Overall, our results provide broad-scale insight into the relative importance of mechanistic, ecological and evolutionary constraints in shaping the diversification of this key life history trait.

Published
2020

11. Sexual size dimorphism in the American rubyspot: male body size predicts male competition and mating success

Author

Serrano-Meneses, M.A., Cordoba-Aguilar, A., Mendez, V., Layen, S.J., and Szekely, T.

Subjects
Zoology and wildlife conservation
Abstract

To link to full-text access for this article, visit this link: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.anbehav.2006.08.012 Byline: M.A. Serrano-Meneses, A. Cordoba-Aguilar, V. Mendez, S.J. Layen, T. Szekely Abstract: Sexual differences in body size are widespread among animals, and various explanations for the evolution and maintenance of sexual size dimorphism have been proposed. We investigated the effects of sexual selection and fecundity selection on the sizes of males and females, respectively, in American rubyspots, Hetaerina americana. Males are larger than females and have large red spots at the base of each wing that are sexually selected via male-male contests. Mating success is determined by the ownership of a territory. Large males held territories for longer and sustained longer territorial fights than small males. Territorial males obtained more copulations than nonterritorial ones. Large males also had more wing pigmentation and mated with large females. Large territorial males had high energy reserves, whereas nonterritorial males appeared to have depleted reserves. Selection analyses of body size showed disruptive selection acting on male body size, suggesting that both small and large males may be favoured in terms of mating success. We also tested whether fecundity selection acts on female size. However, female body size was unrelated to the number of eggs carried. Taken together, our results suggest that in this territorial damselfly species male-biased size dimorphism is driven by large male size in male-male competition being selectively advantageous in territory acquisition and/or maintenance. We also suggest that small size is advantageous in nonterritorial males to improve their agility in courting (or subduing) females. Author Affiliation: (a) Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Bath, U.K. (a ) Instituto de Ecologia, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, Mexico (a ) Maresfield, East Sussex, U.K. Article History: Received 6 February 2006; Revised 21 March 2006; Accepted 7 August 2006 Article Note: (miscellaneous) MS. number: 8833R

Published
2007

12. Dense sampling of bird diversity increases power of comparative genomics

Author

Feng, S, Stiller, J, Deng, Y, Armstrong, J, Fang, Q, Reeve, AH, Xie, D, Chen, G, Guo, C, Faircloth, BC, Petersen, B, Wang, Z, Zhou, Q, Diekhans, M, Chen, W, Andreu-Sanchez, S, Margaryan, A, Howard, JT, Parent, C, Pacheco, G, Sinding, M-HS, Puetz, L, Cavill, E, Ribeiro, AM, Eckhart, L, Fjeldsa, J, Hosner, PA, Brumfield, RT, Christidis, L, Bertelsen, MF, Sicheritz-Ponten, T, Tietze, DT, Robertson, BC, Song, G, Borgia, G, Claramunt, S, Lovette, IJ, Cowen, SJ, Njoroge, P, Dumbacher, JP, Ryder, OA, Fuchs, J, Bunce, M, Burt, DW, Cracraft, J, Meng, G, Hackett, SJ, Ryan, PG, Jonsson, KA, Jamieson, IG, da Fonseca, RR, Braun, EL, Houde, P, Mirarab, S, Suh, A, Hansson, B, Ponnikas, S, Sigeman, H, Stervander, M, Frandsen, PB, van der Zwan, H, van der Sluis, R, Visser, C, Balakrishnan, CN, Clark, AG, Fitzpatrick, JW, Bowman, R, Chen, N, Cloutier, A, Sackton, TB, Edwards, SV, Foote, DJ, Shakya, SB, Sheldon, FH, Vignal, A, Soares, AER, Shapiro, B, Gonzalez-Solis, J, Ferrer-Obiol, J, Rozas, J, Riutort, M, Tigano, A, Friesen, V, Dalen, L, Urrutia, AO, Szekely, T, Liu, Y, Campana, MG, Corvelo, A, Fleischer, RC, Rutherford, KM, Gemmell, NJ, Dussex, N, Mouritsen, H, Thiele, N, Delmore, K, Liedvogel, M, Franke, A, Hoeppner, MP, Krone, O, Fudickar, AM, Mila, B, Ketterson, ED, Fidler, AE, Friis, G, Parody-Merino, AM, Battley, PF, Cox, MP, Lima, NCB, Prosdocimi, F, Parchman, TL, Schlinger, BA, Loiselle, BA, Blake, JG, Lim, HC, Day, LB, Fuxjager, MJ, Baldwin, MW, Braun, MJ, Wirthlin, M, Dikow, RB, Ryder, TB, Camenisch, G, Keller, LF, DaCosta, JM, Hauber, ME, Louder, MIM, Witt, CC, McGuire, JA, Mudge, J, Megna, LC, Carling, MD, Wang, B, Taylor, SA, Del-Rio, G, Aleixo, A, Vasconcelos, ATR, Mello, CV, Weir, JT, Haussler, D, Li, Q, Yang, H, Wang, J, Lei, F, Rahbek, C, Gilbert, MTP, Graves, GR, Jarvis, ED, Paten, B, Zhang, G, Feng, S, Stiller, J, Deng, Y, Armstrong, J, Fang, Q, Reeve, AH, Xie, D, Chen, G, Guo, C, Faircloth, BC, Petersen, B, Wang, Z, Zhou, Q, Diekhans, M, Chen, W, Andreu-Sanchez, S, Margaryan, A, Howard, JT, Parent, C, Pacheco, G, Sinding, M-HS, Puetz, L, Cavill, E, Ribeiro, AM, Eckhart, L, Fjeldsa, J, Hosner, PA, Brumfield, RT, Christidis, L, Bertelsen, MF, Sicheritz-Ponten, T, Tietze, DT, Robertson, BC, Song, G, Borgia, G, Claramunt, S, Lovette, IJ, Cowen, SJ, Njoroge, P, Dumbacher, JP, Ryder, OA, Fuchs, J, Bunce, M, Burt, DW, Cracraft, J, Meng, G, Hackett, SJ, Ryan, PG, Jonsson, KA, Jamieson, IG, da Fonseca, RR, Braun, EL, Houde, P, Mirarab, S, Suh, A, Hansson, B, Ponnikas, S, Sigeman, H, Stervander, M, Frandsen, PB, van der Zwan, H, van der Sluis, R, Visser, C, Balakrishnan, CN, Clark, AG, Fitzpatrick, JW, Bowman, R, Chen, N, Cloutier, A, Sackton, TB, Edwards, SV, Foote, DJ, Shakya, SB, Sheldon, FH, Vignal, A, Soares, AER, Shapiro, B, Gonzalez-Solis, J, Ferrer-Obiol, J, Rozas, J, Riutort, M, Tigano, A, Friesen, V, Dalen, L, Urrutia, AO, Szekely, T, Liu, Y, Campana, MG, Corvelo, A, Fleischer, RC, Rutherford, KM, Gemmell, NJ, Dussex, N, Mouritsen, H, Thiele, N, Delmore, K, Liedvogel, M, Franke, A, Hoeppner, MP, Krone, O, Fudickar, AM, Mila, B, Ketterson, ED, Fidler, AE, Friis, G, Parody-Merino, AM, Battley, PF, Cox, MP, Lima, NCB, Prosdocimi, F, Parchman, TL, Schlinger, BA, Loiselle, BA, Blake, JG, Lim, HC, Day, LB, Fuxjager, MJ, Baldwin, MW, Braun, MJ, Wirthlin, M, Dikow, RB, Ryder, TB, Camenisch, G, Keller, LF, DaCosta, JM, Hauber, ME, Louder, MIM, Witt, CC, McGuire, JA, Mudge, J, Megna, LC, Carling, MD, Wang, B, Taylor, SA, Del-Rio, G, Aleixo, A, Vasconcelos, ATR, Mello, CV, Weir, JT, Haussler, D, Li, Q, Yang, H, Wang, J, Lei, F, Rahbek, C, Gilbert, MTP, Graves, GR, Jarvis, ED, Paten, B, and Zhang, G

Abstract

Whole-genome sequencing projects are increasingly populating the tree of life and characterizing biodiversity1-4. Sparse taxon sampling has previously been proposed to confound phylogenetic inference5, and captures only a fraction of the genomic diversity. Here we report a substantial step towards the dense representation of avian phylogenetic and molecular diversity, by analysing 363 genomes from 92.4% of bird families-including 267 newly sequenced genomes produced for phase II of the Bird 10,000 Genomes (B10K) Project. We use this comparative genome dataset in combination with a pipeline that leverages a reference-free whole-genome alignment to identify orthologous regions in greater numbers than has previously been possible and to recognize genomic novelties in particular bird lineages. The densely sampled alignment provides a single-base-pair map of selection, has more than doubled the fraction of bases that are confidently predicted to be under conservation and reveals extensive patterns of weak selection in predominantly non-coding DNA. Our results demonstrate that increasing the diversity of genomes used in comparative studies can reveal more shared and lineage-specific variation, and improve the investigation of genomic characteristics. We anticipate that this genomic resource will offer new perspectives on evolutionary processes in cross-species comparative analyses and assist in efforts to conserve species.

Published
2020

14. Adrenocortical carcinoma: A tumor with poor answer to classic chemotherapy

Author

Sava Alexandra Daniela, Szekely Tiberiu Bogdan, Togănel Cornelia, Vacar Adela, and Gurzu Simona

Subjects
adrenocortical carcinoma, weiss score, familial cancer syndromes, mitotane, Medicine
Abstract

Introduction: Adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC) represents a rare endocrine malignancy being the second most aggressive endocrine cancer after anaplastic thyroid cancer. [1]. While most of them arise sporadically, up to 15% of adult ACC patients are related to germline mutations associated with familial cancer syndromes.[1,2]. Current treatment strategies include surgery as well as systemic therapy with mitotane and chemotherapy.

Published
2023
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15. Renal Ewing sarcoma with extensive neuroectodermal differentiation: Case report and literature review

Author

Sava Alexandra Daniela, Szekely Tiberiu Bogdan, Togănel Cornelia, Vacar Adela, Bungardean Catalina, and Gurzu Simona

Subjects
ewing sarcoma, neuroectodermal, kidney, diagnosis, chemotherapy, Medicine
Abstract

Ewing sarcoma with renal localization is one of the rarest members of the Ewing sarcoma family with less than 200 cases reported in the Medline database. Considering the fact that the majority of data published on the Ewing sarcoma with neuroectodermal differentiation is obtained through a few case reports and case series, it becomes understandable why we currently have no universally accepted treatment regimens.

Published
2023
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16. Copernicus Marine Service Ocean state report, Issue 3 Introduction

Author

von Schuckmann, K., Le Traon, P. Y., Smith, N., Pascual, A., Djavidnia, S., Gattuso, J. P., Gregoire, M., Nolan, G., Aaboe, S., Aguiar, E., Fanjul, E. A., Alvera-Azcarate, A., Aouf, L., Barciela, R., Behrens, A., Rivas, M. B., Ismail, S. B., Bentamy, A., Borgini, M., Brando, V. E., Bensoussan, N., Blauw, A., Bryere, P., Nardelli, B. B., Caballero, A., Yumruktepe, V. C., Cebrian, E., Chiggiato, J., Clementi, E., Corgnati, L., de Alfonso, M., Collar, A. D., Deshayes, J., Di Lorenzo, E., Dominici, J. M., Dupouy, Cécile, Drevillon, M., Echevin, Vincent, Eleveld, M., Enserink, L., Sotillo, M. G., Garnesson, P., Garrabou, J., Garric, G., Gasparin, F., Gayer, G., Gohin, F., Grandi, A., Griffa, A., Gourrion, J., Hendricks, S., Heuze, C., Holland, E., Iovino, D., Juza, M., Kersting, D. K., Kipson, S., Kizilkaya, Z., Korres, G., Kouts, M., Lagemaa, P., Lavergne, T., Lavigne, H., Ledoux, J. B., Legeais, J. F., Lehodey, P., Linares, C., Liu, Y., Mader, J., Maljutenko, I., Mangin, A., Manso-Narvarte, I., Mantovani, C., Markager, S., Mason, E., Mignot, A., Menna, M., Monier, M., Mourre, B., Muller, M., Nielsen, J. W., Notarstefano, G., Ocana, O., Patti, B., Payne, M. R., Peirache, M., Pardo, S., Perez Gomez, B., Pisano, A., Perruche, C., Peterson, K. A., Pujol, M. I., Raudsepp, U., Ravdas, M., Raj, R. P., Renshaw, R., Reyes, E., Ricker, R., Rubio, A., Sammartino, M., Santoleri, R., Sathyendranath, S., Schroeder, K., She, J., Sparnocchia, S., Staneva, J., Stoffelen, A., Szekely, T., Tilstone, G. H., Tinker, J., Tintore, J., Tranchant, B., Uiboupin, R., Van der Zande, D., Wood, R., Zabala, M., Zacharioudaki, A., Zuberer, F., and Zuo, H.

Published
2019

17. Song, sperm quality and testes asymmetry in the sedge warbler

Author

Birkhead, T.R., Buchanan, Katherine L., Devoogd, T.J., Pellatt, E.J., Szekely, T., and Catchpole, Clive K.

Subjects
Wood warblers -- Sexual behavior, Sexual behavior in animals -- Research, Testis -- Research, Spermatozoa -- Research, Birdsongs -- Research, Zoology and wildlife conservation
Abstract

The phenotype-linked fertility and directional asymmetry hypotheses of sexual behavior in birds were tested by analyzing the sedge warbler's testes size, song repertoire and sperm features in relation to its copulation practices. Results showed no relationship between the phenotype-linked fertility hypothesis and song repertoire size. Moreover, there was no evidence that directional asymmetry in testes size covaried with the song repertoire size.

Published
1997

18. Sex-biased breeding dispersal is predicted by social environment in birds

Author

Vegvari, Z., Katona, G., Vagi, B., Freckleton, R.P., Gaillard, J.-M., Szekely, T., and Liker, A.

Subjects
Természettudományok, Biológiai tudományok
Abstract

Sex- biased dispersal is common in vertebrates, although the ecological and evolu-tionary causes of sex differences in dispersal are debated. Here, we investigate sex differences in both natal and breeding dispersal distances using a large dataset on birds including 86 species from 41 families. Using phylogenetic comparative analyses, we investigate whether sex- biased natal and breeding dispersal are associated with sexual selection, parental sex roles, adult sex ratio (ASR), or adult mortality. We show that neither the intensity of sexual selection, nor the extent of sex bias in parental care was associated with sex- biased natal or breeding dispersal. However, breeding dispersal was related to the social environment since male-biased ASRs were associ-ated with female-biased breeding dispersal. Male-biased ASRs were associated withfemale- biased breeding dispersal. Sex bias in adult mortality was not consistently related to sex- biased breeding dispersal. These results may indicate that the rare sex has a stronger tendency to disperse in order to find new mating opportunities. Alternatively, higher mortality of the more dispersive sex could account for biased ASRs, although our results do not give a strong support to this explanation. Whichever is the case, our findings improve our understanding of the causes and consequences of sex- biased dispersal. Since the direction of causality is not yet known, we call for future studies to identify the causal relationships linking mortality, dispersal, and ASR.

Published
2018

19. North Atlantic subpolar gyre along predetermined ship tracks since 1993 : a monthly data set of surface temperature, salinity, and density

Author

Reverdin, G., Valdimarsson, H., Alory, Gaël, Diverrès, Denis, Bringas, F., Goni, G., Heilmann, L., Chafik, L., Szekely, T., and Friedman, A. R.

Abstract

We present a binned product of sea surface temperature, sea surface salinity, and sea surface density data in the North Atlantic subpolar gyre from 1993 to 2017 that resolves seasonal variability along specific ship routes (

Published
2018

21. THE COPERNICUS MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING SERVICE: MAIN SCIENTIFIC ACHIEVEMENTS AND FUTURE PROSPECTS

Author

LeTraon, PY, Ali, A., Fanjul, E. Alvarez, Aouf, L., Axell, L., Aznar, R., Ballarotta, M., Behrens, A., Benkiran, M., Bentamy, A., Bertino, L., Bowyer, P., Brando, V., Breivik, L. A., Nardelli, B. Buongiorno, Cailleau, S., Ciliberti, S. A., Colella, S., Connell, N. Mc, Coppini, G., Cossarini, G., Dabrowski, T., AlonsoMuñoyerro, M. de Alfonso, O’Dea, E., Desportes, C., Dinessen, F., Drevillon, M., Drillet, Y., Drudi, M., Dussurget, R., Faugère, Y., Forneris, V., Fratianni, C., Galloudec, O. Le, Hermosa, I. Garcia, Sotillo, M. García, Garnesson, P., Garric, G., Golbeck, I., Gourrion, J., Grégoire, M. L., Guinehut, S., Gutknecht, E., Harris, C., Hernandez, F., Huess, V., Johannessen, J.A., Kay, S., Killick, R., King, R., Kloe, J. de, Korres, G., Lagemaa, P., Lecci, R., Legeais, J.F., Lellouche, J. M., Levier, B., Lorente, P., Mangin, A., Martin, M., Melet, A., Murawski, J., Özsoy, E., Palazov, A., Pardo, S., Parent, L., Pascual, A., Paul, J., Peneva, E., Perruche, C., Peterson, D., Villeon, L. Petit de la, Pinardi, N., Pouliquen, S., Pujol, M. I., Rainaud, R., Rampal, Pierre, Reffray, G., Regnier, C., Reppucci, A., Ryan, A., Salon, S., Samuelsen, A., Santoleri, R., Saulter, A., She, J., Solidoro, C., Stanev, E., Staneva, J., Stoffelen, A., Storto, A., Sykes, P., Szekely, T., Taburet, G., Taylor, B., Tintore, J., Toledano, C., Tonani, M., Tuomi, L., Volpe, G., Wedhe, H., Williams, T., Vandendbulcke, L., Zanten, D. van, Schuckmann, K. von, Xie, J., Zacharioudaki, A., Zuo, H., Mercator Océan, Société Civile CNRS Ifremer IRD Météo-France SHOM, Nansen Environmental and Remote Sensing Center [Bergen] (NERSC), MERCATOR OCEAN, and Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)

Subjects
[SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]
Published
2017

22. Levels of extra-pair paternity are associated with parental care in penduline tits (Remizidae)

Author

Ball, A.D., van Dijk, R.E., Lloyd, P., Pogany, A., Dawson, D.A., Dorus, S., Bowie, R.C.K., Burke, T., and Szekely, T.

Abstract

In most passerine birds, individuals attempt to maximise their fitness by providing parental care while also mating outside their pair bond. A sex-specific trade-off between these two behaviours is predicted to occur since the fitness benefits of extra-pair mating differs between the sexes. We use nest observations and parentage analysis to reveal a negative association between male care and the incidence of extra-pair paternity across three species of penduline tit (Remizidae).

Published
2017

23. Nase, Nasennebenhöhlen, Speicheldrüsen

Author

El-Hifnawi, H., Schlenter, W. W., Weerda, H., Baer, C., Bachert, C., Wahl, R., Becker, W., Stammberger, H., May, A., v. Ilberg, C., Stoll, W., Busse, H., Kroll, P., Brunner, F. X., Buschmann, W., Müller, J., Plinker, P., Adler, D., Maier, H., Deeg, M., Bihl, H., Treffz, G., Brauneis, J., Schröder, M., Laskawi, R., Droese, M., Székely, T., Draskovich, É., Flach, M., Helm, C., Tölle, D., Zöller, E., Kainz, J., Beham, A., Friedrich, G., Heermann, J., Kühne, D., Strasser, K., Fleischer, Konrad, editor, and Wigand, Malte Erik, editor

Published
1988
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25. Stochastic modelling and simulation in cell biology

Author

Szekely, T, Szekely, Tamas, Burrage, K, and Erban, R

Subjects
Biology and other natural sciences (mathematics), Chemical kinetics, Computational biochemistry, Mathematical biology, Stem cells (clinical sciences), Cell Biology (see also Plant sciences), Biology (medical sciences), Probability theory and stochastic processes, Biology, Computer science (mathematics)
Abstract

Modelling and simulation are essential to modern research in cell biology. This thesis follows a journey starting from the construction of new stochastic methods for discrete biochemical systems to using them to simulate a population of interacting haematopoietic stem cell lineages. The first part of this thesis is on discrete stochastic methods. We develop two new methods, the stochastic extrapolation framework and the Stochastic Bulirsch-Stoer methods. These are based on the Richardson extrapolation technique, which is widely used in ordinary differential equation solvers. We believed that it would also be useful in the stochastic regime, and this turned out to be true. The stochastic extrapolation framework is a scheme that admits any stochastic method with a fixed stepsize and known global error expansion. It can improve the weak order of the moments of these methods by cancelling the leading terms in the global error. Using numerical simulations, we demonstrate that this is the case up to second order, and postulate that this also follows for higher order. Our simulations show that extrapolation can greatly improve the accuracy of a numerical method. The Stochastic Bulirsch-Stoer method is another highly accurate stochastic solver. Furthermore, using numerical simulations we find that it is able to better retain its high accuracy for larger timesteps than competing methods, meaning it remains accurate even when simulation time is speeded up. This is a useful property for simulating the complex systems that researchers are often interested in today. The second part of the thesis is concerned with modelling a haematopoietic stem cell system, which consists of many interacting niche lineages. We use a vectorised tau-leap method to examine the differences between a deterministic and a stochastic model of the system, and investigate how coupling niche lineages affects the dynamics of the system at the homeostatic state as well as after a perturbation. We find that larger coupling allows the system to find the optimal steady state blood cell levels. In addition, when the perturbation is applied randomly to the entire system, larger coupling also results in smaller post-perturbation cell fluctuations compared to non-coupled cells. In brief, this thesis contains four main sets of contributions: two new high-accuracy discrete stochastic methods that have been numerically tested, an improvement that can be used with any leaping method that introduces vectorisation as well as how to use a common stepsize adapting scheme, and an investigation of the effects of coupling lineages in a heterogeneous population of haematopoietic stem cell niche lineages.

Published
2016

27. An investigation of mate choice based on manipulation of multiple ornaments in Kentish plovers

Author

Lendvai, A.Z., Kis, J., Szekely, T., and Cuthill, I.C.

Subjects
Sexual behavior in animals -- Analysis, Courtship of animals -- Analysis, Plovers -- Sexual behavior, Zoology and wildlife conservation
Abstract

The role of two ornaments, each signalling different male attributes, in attracting a new mate in the Kentish plover are examined. The findings indicate that female Kentish plovers do not use badge size feathers as cues in their mate choice decisions.

Published
2004

29. Breeding site fidelity in penduline tit Remiz pendulinus in Southern Hungary

Author

Meszaros, AL, Kajdocsi, S, Szentirmai, [No Value], Komdeur, J, Szekely, T, Mészáros, Anna Lídia, Szentirmai, István, and Komdeur lab

Subjects
education.field_of_study, biology, Remiz pendulinus, Population, INBREEDING AVOIDANCE, Zoology, SPARROWS, Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law, biology.organism_classification, Mating system, breeding site fidelity, Passerine, breeding territory, DISPERSAL, Penduline tit, biology.animal, Seasonal breeder, mating system, Inbreeding avoidance, education, Inbreeding, POPULATION, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Nature and Landscape Conservation
Abstract

Birds move between breeding locations to gain a better territory, avoid competition or reduce the deleterious effect of inbreeding. We investigated breeding site fidelity in a small European passerine, the penduline tit (Remiz pendulinus). This species has an exceptionally diverse breeding system, in which both males and females may have up to 5-7 mates in a single breeding season, and the eggs are incubated by a single parent: either the male or the female. We investigated the movements of males and females within three breeding seasons in Southern Hungary (2002-2004). Males moved for shorter distances between breeding sites (116 m, 63-333 m; median, lower quartile-upper quartile) than females (942 m, 415-2,382 m). Movements of males and females were consistent between years, and they were repeatable between subsequent nests of males, but not of females. Taken together, our results suggest that adult male penduline tits are more site-faithful than adult females. We suggest that this difference has an implication on their breeding ecology since male parental behaviour (desert/care) is expected to be influenced by local mating opportunities, whilst female parental behaviour is likely to depend on the mating opportunities in a large area around their breeding site.

Published
2005

30. Rensch’s Rule in insects: Patterns among and within species

Author

Fairbairn, D J, Blanckenhorn, Wolf U; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0713-3944, Szekely, T, Fairbairn, D J ( D J ), Blanckenhorn, W U ( Wolf U ), Szekely, T ( T ), Meier, R, Teder, T, Fairbairn, D J, Blanckenhorn, Wolf U; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0713-3944, Szekely, T, Fairbairn, D J ( D J ), Blanckenhorn, W U ( Wolf U ), Szekely, T ( T ), Meier, R, and Teder, T

Published
2007

32. An assessment of the current and potential future natural and anthropogenic issues facing migratory shorebirds

Author

Sutherland, W.J., Alves, J.A., Chang, C.H., Davidson, D.C., Finlayson, C.M., Gill, J.A., Gill, R.E., González, P.M., Gunnarsson, T.G., Kleijn, D., Spray, C.J., Szekely, T., and Thompson, D.B.A.

Subjects
estuary west portugal, ocean acidification, PE&RC, wader populations, macroalgal blooms, changing climate, harmful algal blooms, Wildlife Ecology and Conservation, climate-change, land-use, Dierecologie, Animal Ecology, pluvialis-apricaria, feeding-behavior
Abstract

We review the conservation issues facing migratory shorebird populations that breed in temperate regions and use wetlands in the non-breeding season. Shorebirds are excellent model organisms for understanding ecological, behavioural and evolutionary processes and are often used as indicators of wetland health. A global team of experienced shorebird researchers identified 45 issues facing these shorebird populations, and divided them into three categories (natural, current anthropogenic and future issues). The natural issues included megatsunamis, volcanoes and regional climate changes, while current anthropogenic threats encompassed agricultural intensification, conversion of tidal flats and coastal wetlands by human infrastructure developments and eutrophication of coastal systems. Possible future threats to shorebirds include microplastics, new means of recreation and infectious diseases. We suggest that this review process be broadened to other taxa to aid the identification and ranking of current and future conservation actions.

Published
2012

33. Sexual conflict over care: antagonistic effects of clutch desertion on reproductive success of male and female penduline tits

Author

Szentirmai, I., Szekely, T., Komdeur, J., and Komdeur lab

Subjects
desertion, REMIZ-PENDULINUS, reproductive success, sexual conflict, MATE DESERTION, Remiz pendulinus, MATING SYSTEM, DECISIONS, parental care, FICEDULA-HYPOLEUCA, PIED FLYCATCHERS, COSTS, EVOLUTION
Abstract

A fundamental tenet of sexual conflict theory is that one sex may increase its reproductive success (RS) even if this harms the other sex. Several studies supported this principle by showing that males benefit from reduced paternal care whereas females suffer from it. By investigating penduline tits Remiz pendulinus in nature, we show that parental conflict may be symmetric between sexes. In this small passerine a single female (or male) cares for the offspring, whereas about 30% of clutches are deserted by both parents. Deserting parents enhance their RS by obtaining multiple mates, and they reduce the RS of their mates due to increased nest failure. Unlike most other species, however, the antagonistic interests are symmetric in penduline tits, because both sexes enhance their own RS by deserting, whilst harming the RS of their mates. We argue that the strong antagonistic interests of sexes explain the high frequency of biparental desertion.

Published
2007

35. A supertree approach to shorebird phylogeny

Author

Thomas, G. H., Wills, M. A., and Szekely, T.

Abstract

\ud \ud Background\ud Order Charadriiformes (shorebirds) is an ideal model group in which to study a wide range of behavioural, ecological and macroevolutionary processes across species. However, comparative studies depend on phylogeny to control for the effects of shared evolutionary history. Although numerous hypotheses have been presented for subsets of the Charadriiformes none to date include all recognised species. Here we use the matrix representation with parsimony method to produce the first fully inclusive supertree of Charadriiformes. We also provide preliminary estimates of ages for all nodes in the tree.\ud \ud Results\ud Three main lineages are revealed: i) the plovers and allies; ii) the gulls and allies; and iii) the sandpipers and allies. The relative position of these clades is unresolved in the strict consensus tree but a 50% majority-rule consensus tree indicates that the sandpiper clade is sister group to the gulls and allies whilst the plover group is placed at the base of the tree. The overall topology is highly consistent with recent molecular hypotheses of shorebird phylogeny.\ud \ud Conclusion\ud The supertree hypothesis presented herein is (to our knowledge) the only complete phylogenetic hypothesis of all extant shorebirds. Despite concerns over the robustness of supertrees (see Discussion), we believe that it provides a valuable framework for testing numerous evolutionary hypotheses relating to the diversity of behaviour, ecology and life-history of the Charadriiformes.

Published
2004

46. Sexual selection, sexual size dimorphism and Rensch’s rule in Odonata.

Author

Serrano-Meneses, M. A., Córdova-Aguilar, A., Azpilicueta-Amorín, M., González-Soriano, E., and Szekely, T.

Subjects
ODONATA, SEXUAL dimorphism in animals, ANIMAL sexual behavior, SEXUAL selection, TERRITORIALITY (Zoology), FERTILITY, PHYLOGENY, COMPARATIVE studies
Abstract

Odonata (dragonflies and damselflies) exhibit a range of sexual size dimorphism (SSD) that includes species with male-biased (males > females) or female-biased SSD (males < females) and species exhibiting nonterritorial or territorial mating strategies. Here, we use phylogenetic comparative analyses to investigate the influence of sexual selection on SSD in both suborders: dragonflies (Anisoptera) and damselflies (Zygoptera). First, we show that damselflies have male-biased SSD, and exhibit an allometric relationship between body size and SSD, that is consistent with Rensch’s rule. Second, SSD of dragonflies is not different from unit, and this suborder does not exhibit Rensch’s rule. Third, we test the influence of sexual selection on SSD using proxy variables of territorial mating strategy and male agility. Using generalized least squares to account for phylogenetic relationships between species, we show that male-biased SSD increases with territoriality in damselflies, but not in dragonflies. Finally, we show that nonagile territorial odonates exhibit male-biased SSD, whereas male agility is not related to SSD in nonterritorial odonates. These results suggest that sexual selection acting on male sizes influences SSD in Odonata. Taken together, our results, along with avian studies (bustards and shorebirds), suggest that male agility influences SSD, although this influence is modulated by territorial mating strategy and thus the likely advantage of being large. Other evolutionary processes, such as fecundity selection and viability selection, however, need further investigation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2008
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47. Bedside Detection of Urine [beta]-Hydroxybutyrate in Diagnosing Metabolic Acidosis.

Author

Smith SW, Manini AF, Szekely T, and Hoffman RS

Abstract

OBJECTIVES: While critically important, the rapid identification of the etiology of metabolic acidosis (MA) may be labor-intensive and time-consuming. Alcoholic, starvation, and severe diabetic ketoacidosis (AKA, SKA, and DKA, respectively) may produce beta-hydroxybutyrate (BOHB) in marked excess of acetone (ACET) and acetoacetate (AcAc). Unfortunately, current urine dipstick technology poorly detects ACET and cannot measure BOHB. The inability to detect BOHB might delay therapy for ketoacidoses or provoke unnecessary evaluation or empiric treatment of other causes of MA, such as toxic alcohol poisoning. The authors tested the previous assertion that commonly available hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)) would improve BOHB detection. The effectiveness of alkalinization and use of a silver nitrate (AgNO(3)) catalyst was also assessed. METHODS: Control and urine test specimens containing from 0.5 to 800 mmol/L ACET, AcAc, and BOHB were prepared. Urine specimens were oxidized with H(2)O(2) (3%) 1:9 (H(2)O(2):urine), alkalinized with potassium hydroxide (KOH; 10%), exposed to AgNO(3) sticks, or altered with a combination of these methods in a random fashion. Three emergency physicians (EPs) blinded to the preparation technique evaluated urine dipsticks (Multistix, Bayer Corp.) placed in the specimens for 'ketones.' RESULTS: Multistix detected AcAc appropriately; ACET was detected only at high concentrations of >or=600 mmol/L. Multistix failed to measure BOHB at all concentrations tested. H(2)O(2) improved urinary BOHB detection, although not to clinically relevant levels (40 mmol/L). Alkalinization and AgNO(3) sticks did not improve BOHB detection beyond this threshold. CONCLUSIONS: Addition of H(2)O(2) (3%), alkalinization, or AgNO(3) sticks did not improve clinically meaningful urine BOHB detection. Clinicians should use direct methods to detect BOHB when suspected. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2008
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