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Intra-articular distal radius fractures with significant articular step-off and gapping are associated with high risk of developing symptomatic arthritis and poor functional outcome. The use of arthroscopy for distal radius fixation had been well published in the literature. It allows the surgeon to fine-tune intra-articular fragments to achieve articular congruency, address ligamentous disruption, and check for screw penetration within the joint. Various techniques have been reported, including volar locking plate presetting to aid in arthroscopic reduction. Here, we demonstrate our arthroscopic-assisted distal radius fixation technique using a 1.9-mm miniature scope NanoScope (Arthrex, Naples, FL).

The dorsal intercarpal ligament (DICL) is crucial for carpal stability and is frequently associated with injuries to other carpal ligaments, notably the scapholunate and lunotriquetral interosseous ligaments. Although isolated DICL injuries are uncommon, they can manifest as ligament avulsions, bony avulsions, or attenuations from chronic injury. Surgical repair of isolated DICL tears may be necessary when conservative management fails. We have previously described the first isolated DICL avulsion from the scaphoid dorsal ridge, suggesting an arthroscopic repair via the radiocarpal joint. This article details a repair technique through the midcarpal joint.

Fluorescent red-emitting (Y[sub 0.92]Eu[sub 0.08])[sub 2]O[sub 3] films were deposited on sapphire substrates by the metallorganic chemical vapor deposition technique. The films were weakly luminescent in the as-deposited condition. The as-deposited films were composed of nanocrystals embedded in columnar grains. A KrF laser with ultraviolet (λ=248 nm) pulses at a fluence level between 0.9 and 2.3 J/cm[sup 2] was applied to different regions of the film. Increasing the energy fluence density initially increased the photoluminescence intensity but decreased it at the highest level. Transmission and scanning electron microscopy verified that surface melting and ablation occurred at all fluence levels. Computational modeling of the laser melting and ablation process predicted that a significant fraction of the film is removed by ablation at the highest fluence levels, thereby decreasing the photoluminescence intensity of the films due to the significant amount of material removed. © 2001 American Institute of Physics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Various surgical techniques exist to repair or reconstruct complete scapholunate (SL) interosseous ligament tears, including capsulodesis, static or dynamic tenodesis, ligament reconstruction with tendon graft, bone-retinaculum-bone reconstruction, and the reduction and association of the scaphoid and lunate (RASL) procedure. The choice of surgical technique depends on arthroscopic assessment using the Geissler classification and European Wrist Arthroscopy Society staging of SL injury. This article describes arthroscopy-assisted extracapsular SL reconstruction using free tendon graft and internal brace augmentation for the treatment of unrepairable complete SL interosseous ligament tears.

Deals with a study which demonstrated that pulse widths of down to 120 ps are possible in a simple acousto-optically mode-locked xenon chloride lasers. Evolution of the pulsewidth during the mode-locked pulse train; Significance of short pulse excimer laser radiation; Oscilloscope trace of a mode-locked pulse train.

Shraddha S Kale,1,2 Rachel A Burga,1,3 Elizabeth E Sweeney,1 Zungho Zun,4–6 Raymond W Sze,1,4–6 Anthony Tuesca,7 J Anand Subramony,7 Rohan Fernandes1,3,5,61The Sheikh Zayed Institute for Pediatric Surgical Innovation, Children’s National Health System, Washington, DC, USA; 2Department of Biomedical Engineering, George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA; 3The Institute for Biomedical Sciences, George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA; 4Division of Diagnostic Imaging and Radiology, Children’s National Health System, Washington, DC, USA; 5Department of Radiology, George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA; 6Department of Pediatrics, George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA; 7MedImmune LLC, Gaithersburg, MD, USA Abstract: Theranostic nanoparticles offer the potential for mixing and matching disparate diagnostic and therapeutic functionalities within a single nanoparticle for the personalized treatment of diseases. In this article, we present composite iron oxide-gadolinium-containing Prussian blue nanoparticles (Fe3O4@GdPB) as a novel theranostic agent for T1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and photothermal therapy (PTT) of tumors. These particles combine the well-described properties and safety profiles of the constituent Fe3O4 nanoparticles and gadolinium-containing Prussian blue nanoparticles. The Fe3O4@GdPB nanoparticles function both as effective MRI contrast agents and PTT agents as determined by characterizing studies performed in vitro and retain their properties in the presence of cells. Importantly, the Fe3O4@GdPB nanoparticles function as effective MRI contrast agents in vivo by increasing signal:noise ratios in T1-weighted scans of tumors and as effective PTT agents in vivo by decreasing tumor growth rates and increasing survival in an animal model of neuroblastoma. These findings demonstrate the potential of the Fe3O4@GdPB nanoparticles to function as effective theranostic agents.Keywords: theranostics, Prussian blue, iron oxide, MRI, photothermal therapy, cancer

Matthieu F Dumont,1 Sridevi Yadavilli,2 Raymond W Sze,1,4 Javad Nazarian,2,3 Rohan Fernandes1,4,5 1Sheikh Zayed Institute for Pediatric Surgical Innovation, 2Center for Genetic Medicine Research, Children’s National Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA; 3Department of Integrative Systems Biology, 4Department of Radiology, 5Department of Pediatrics, George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA Abstract: Pediatric brain tumors (PBTs) are a leading cause of death in children. For an improved prognosis in patients with PBTs, there is a critical need to develop molecularly-specific imaging agents to monitor disease progression and response to treatment. In this paper, we describe manganese-containing Prussian blue nanoparticles as agents for molecular magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and fluorescence-based imaging of PBTs. Our core-shell nanoparticles consist of a core lattice structure that incorporates and retains paramagnetic Mn2+ ions, and generates MRI contrast (both negative and positive). The biofunctionalized shell is comprised of fluorescent avidin, which serves the dual purpose of enabling fluorescence imaging and functioning as a platform for the attachment of biotinylated ligands that target PBTs. The surfaces of our nanoparticles are modified with biotinylated antibodies targeting neuron-glial antigen 2 or biotinylated transferrin. Both neuron-glial antigen 2 and the transferrin receptor are protein markers overexpressed in PBTs. We describe the synthesis, biofunctionalization, and characterization of these multimodal nanoparticles. Further, we demonstrate the MRI and fluorescence imaging capabilities of manganese-containing Prussian blue nanoparticles in vitro. Finally, we demonstrate the potential of these nanoparticles as PBT imaging agents by measuring their organ and brain biodistribution in an orthotopic mouse model of PBTs using ex vivo fluorescence imaging. Keywords: Prussian blue, nanoparticles, imaging, pediatric brain tumors, fluorescence, magnetic resonance imaging, manganese, multimodal

Aim: To determine the frequency and classification of addenda seen in paediatric brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) reports., Materials and Methods: A retrospective review of the addenda of brain MRI reports from a large tertiary children's hospital was undertaken between January 2013 to December 2021 and a subset of above radiology reports was used to classify addenda over 6-month periods, October to March, spanning 2018 to 2021. A radiology fellow and a medical doctor classified the addenda into previously published categories using their best judgement., Results: Out of 73,643 brain MRI reports over 9 years (108 months) included in the study, only 923 reports (1.25%) had addenda. There was a total of 13,615 brain MRI reports from 6-month periods, of which only 179 reports (1.31%) had an addendum. The number of errors according to categories were: observational 88/13,615 (0.65%); interpretational 16/13,615 (0.12%); non-observational and non-interpretative 82/13,615 (0.6%). Notifications to referring physician made in 29/13,615 (0.21%)., Conclusions: The overall proportion of addenda to the brain MRI reports of children in the present study was low, at 1.25%. Categorisation of different addenda revealed the most common errors to be observational in 0.65%, including under-reading in the region of interest in 0.25%. Appropriate measures can now be introduced to minimise the error-based addenda further and improve MRI diagnosis in children. Other paediatric practices may choose to follow suit in evaluating their addenda and errors to improve practice., (Copyright © 2024 The Royal College of Radiologists. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)