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With the advancement of globalization, the spread of non-domesticated animal species which are becoming increasingly popular human companions, is observed. One of the species gaining popularity is the sugar glider, Petaurus breviceps. It is a small, omnivorous, arboreal, and nocturnal gliding possum. Many of the health problems recognized in sugar gliders kept in artificial conditions, stem from their specific anatomy, physiology, and behavior. Among the most commonly diagnosed health issues in sugar gliders are those associated with nutrition and stress, with neoplastic diseases, respiratory disorders including dyspnea, dental problems, inflammatory bowel disease, constipation and also diarrhea of various origin, lower urinary tract diseases, then mastitis and pouch infections, eye injuries, cataracts and moreover toxoplasmosis. This article provides a comprehensive review of these and other prevalent health disorders recognized in sugar gliders, supported by significant literature references. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]