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1. Discovery of a dormant 33 solar-mass black hole in pre-release Gaia astrometry

Author: Gaia Collaboration, Panuzzo, P., Mazeh, T., Arenou, F., Holl, B., Caffau, E., Jorissen, A., Babusiaux, C., Gavras, P., Sahlmann, J., Bastian, U., Wyrzykowski, Ł., Eyer, L., Leclerc, N., Bauchet, N., Bombrun, A., Mowlavi, N., Seabroke, G. M., Teyssier, D., Balbinot, E., Helmi, A., Brown, A. G. A., Vallenari, A., Prusti, T., de Bruijne, J. H. J., Barbier, A., Biermann, M., Creevey, O. L., Ducourant, C., Evans, D. W., Guerra, R., Hutton, A., Jordi, C., Klioner, S. A., Lammers, U., Lindegren, L., Luri, X., Mignard, F., Nicolas, C., Randich, S., Sartoretti, P., Smiljanic, R., Tanga, P., Walton, N. A., Aerts, C., Bailer-Jones, C. A. L., Cropper, M., Drimmel, R., Jansen, F., Katz, D., Lattanzi, M. G., Soubiran, C., Thévenin, F., van Leeuwen, F., Andrae, R., Audard, M., Bakker, J., Blomme, R., Castañeda, J., De Angeli, F., Fabricius, C., Fouesneau, M., Frémat, Y., Galluccio, L., Guerrier, A., Heiter, U., Masana, E., Messineo, R., Nienartowicz, K., Pailler, F., Riclet, F., Roux, W., Sordo, R., Gracia-Abril, G., Portell, J., Altmann, M., Benson, K., Berthier, J., Burgess, P. W., Busonero, D., Busso, G., Cacciari, C., Cánovas, H., Carrasco, J. M., Carry, B., Cellino, A., Cheek, N., Clementini, G., Damerdji, Y., Davidson, M., de Teodoro, P., Delchambre, L., Dell'Oro, A., Garcia, E. Fraile, Garabato, D., García-Lario, P., Haigron, R., Hambly, N. C., Harrison, D. L., Hatzidimitriou, D., Hernández, J., Hestroffer, D., Hodgkin, S. T., Jamal, S., de Fombelle, G. Jevardat, Jordan, S., Krone-Martins, A., Lanzafame, A. C., Löffler, W., Lorca, A., Marchal, O., Marrese, P. M., Moitinho, A., Muinonen, K., Campos, M. Nuñez, Oreshina-Slezak, I., Osborne, P., Pancino, E., Pauwels, T., Recio-Blanco, A., Riello, M., Rimoldini, L., Robin, A. C., Roegiers, T., Sarro, L. M., Schultheis, M., Smith, M., Sozzetti, A., Utrilla, E., van Leeuwen, M., Weingrill, K., Abbas, U., Ábrahám, P., Aramburu, A. Abreu, Ahmed, S., Altavilla, G., Álvarez, M. A., Anders, F., Anderson, R. I., Varela, E. Anglada, Antoja, T., Baig, S., Baines, D., Baker, S. G., Balaguer-Núñez, L., Balog, Z., Barache, C., Barros, M., Barstow, M. A., Bartolomé, S., Bashi, D., Bassilana, J. -L., Baudeau, N., Becciani, U., Bedin, L. R., Bellas-Velidis, I., Bellazzini, M., Beordo, W., Bernet, M., Bertolotto, C., Bertone, S., Bianchi, L., Binnenfeld, A., Blanco-Cuaresma, S., Bland-Hawthorn, J., Blazere, A., Boch, T., Bossini, D., Bouquillon, S., Bragaglia, A., Braine, J., Bratsolis, E., Breedt, E., Bressan, A., Brouillet, N., Brugaletta, E., Bucciarelli, B., Butkevich, A. G., Buzzi, R., Camut, A., Cancelliere, R., Cantat-Gaudin, T., Guilarte, D. Capilla, Carballo, R., Carlucci, T., Carnerero, M. I., Carretero, J., Carton, S., Casamiquela, L., Casey, A., Castellani, M., Castro-Ginard, A., Ceraj, L., Cesare, V., Charlot, P., Chaudet, C., Chemin, L., Chiavassa, A., Chornay, N., Chosson, D., Cooper, W. J., Cornez, T., Cowell, S., Crosta, M., Crowley, C., Reyes, M. Cruz, Dafonte, C., Ponte, M. Dal, David, M., de Laverny, P., De Luise, F., De March, R., De Ridder, J., de Torres, A., del Peloso, E. F., Delbo, M., Delgado, A., Delisle, J. -B., Demouchy, C., Denis, E., Dharmawardena, T. E., Di Giacomo, F., Diener, C., Distefano, E., Dolding, C., Dsilva, K., Enke, H., Fabre, C., Fabrizio, M., Faigler, S., Fatović, M., Fedorets, G., Fernández-Hernández, J., Fernique, P., Figueras, F., Fouron, C., Fragkoudi, F., Gai, M., Galinier, M., Garcia-Serrano, A., García-Torres, M., Garofalo, A., Gerlach, E., Geyer, R., Giacobbe, P., Gilmore, G., Girona, S., Giuffrida, G., Gomboc, A., Gomez, A., González-Santamaría, I., Gosset, E., Granvik, M., Barrera, V. Gregori, Gutiérrez-Sánchez, R., Haywood, M., Helmer, A., Hidalgo, S. L., Hilger, T., Hobbs, D., Hottier, C., Huckle, H. E., Jiménez-Arranz, Ó., Campillo, J. Juaristi, Kaczmarek, Z., Kervella, P., Khanna, S., Kontizas, M., Kordopatis, G., Korn, A. J., Kóspál, Á, Kostrzewa-Rutkowska, Z., Kruszyńska, K., Kun, M., Lambert, S., Lanza, A. F., Lebreton, Y., Lebzelter, T., Leccia, S., Lecoutre, G., Liao, S., Liberato, L., Licata, E., Livanou, E., Lobel, A., López-Miralles, J., Loup, C., Madarász, M., Mahy, L., Mann, R. G., Manteiga, M., Marinoni, S., Marcellino, C. P., Marshall, D. J., Mascarenhas, D., Marchant, J. M., Lozano, J. Martín, Masip, A., Marconi, M., Pina, D. Marín, Polo, L. Martin, Martín-Fleitas, J. M., Mastrobuono-Battisti, A., McMillan, P. J., Meichsner, J. G. Marton, Merc, J., Messina, S., Millar, N. R., Mints, A., Mohamed, D., Molina, D., Molinaro, R., Monguió, M., Montegriffo, P., Monti, L., Mora, A., Morbidelli, R., Morris, D., Mudimadugula, R., Muraveva, T., Musella, I., Nagy, Z., Nardetto, N., Navarrete, C., Oh, S., Ordenovic, C., Orenstein, O., Pagani, C., Pagano, I., Palaversa, L., Palicio, P. A., Pallas-Quintela, L., Pawlak, M., Penttilä, A., Pesciullesi, P., Pinamonti, M., Plachy, E., Planquart, L., Plum, G., Poggio, E., Pourbaix, D., Price-Whelan, A. M., Pulone, L., Rabin, V., Rainer, M., Raiteri, C. M., Ramos, P., Ramos-Lerate, M., Ratajczak, M., Fiorentin, P. Re, Regibo, S., Reylé, C., Ripepi, V., Riva, A., Rix, H. -W., Rixon, G., Robert, G., Robichon, N., Robin, C., Romero-Gómez, M., Rowell, N., Mieres, D. Ruz, Rybicki, K. A., Sadowski, G., Sellés, A. Sagristà, Sanna, N., Santoveña, R., Sarasso, M., Sarmiento, M. H., Riera, C. Sarrate, Sciacca, E., Ségransan, D., Semczuk, M., Shahaf, S., Siebert, A., Slezak18, E., Smart, R. L., Snaith, O. N., Solano, E., Solitro, F., Souami, D., Souchay, J., Spitoni, E., Spoto, F., Squillante, L. A., Steele, I. A., Steidelmüller, H., Surdej, J., Szabados, L., Taris, F., Taylor, M. B., Teixeira, R., Tepper-Garcia, T., Thuillot, W., Tolomei, L., Tonello, N., Torra, F., Elipe, G. Torralba, Trabucchi, M., Trentin, E., Tsantaki, M., Turon, C., Ulla, A., Unger, N., Valtchanov, I., Vanel, O., Vecchiato, A., Vicente, D., Villar, E., Weiler, M., Zhao, H., Zorec, J., Zucker, S., Župić, A., and Zwitter, T.
Subjects: Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies, Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics
Abstract: Gravitational waves from black-hole merging events have revealed a population of extra-galactic BHs residing in short-period binaries with masses that are higher than expected based on most stellar evolution models - and also higher than known stellar-origin black holes in our Galaxy. It has been proposed that those high-mass BHs are the remnants of massive metal-poor stars. Gaia astrometry is expected to uncover many Galactic wide-binary systems containing dormant BHs, which may not have been detected before. The study of this population will provide new information on the BH-mass distribution in binaries and shed light on their formation mechanisms and progenitors. As part of the validation efforts in preparation for the fourth Gaia data release (DR4), we analysed the preliminary astrometric binary solutions, obtained by the Gaia Non-Single Star pipeline, to verify their significance and to minimise false-detection rates in high-mass-function orbital solutions. The astrometric binary solution of one source, Gaia BH3, implies the presence of a 32.70 \pm 0.82 M\odot BH in a binary system with a period of 11.6 yr. Gaia radial velocities independently validate the astrometric orbit. Broad-band photometric and spectroscopic data show that the visible component is an old, very metal-poor giant of the Galactic halo, at a distance of 590 pc. The BH in the Gaia BH3 system is more massive than any other Galactic stellar-origin BH known thus far. The low metallicity of the star companion supports the scenario that metal-poor massive stars are progenitors of the high-mass BHs detected by gravitational-wave telescopes. The Galactic orbit of the system and its metallicity indicate that it might belong to the Sequoia halo substructure. Alternatively, and more plausibly, it could belong to the ED-2 stream, which likely originated from a globular cluster that had been disrupted by the Milky Way., Comment: 23 pages, accepted fro publication in A&A Letters. New version with small fixes
Published: 2024
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2. Orbit determination for the binary Cepheid V1344 Aql

Author: Cseh, B., Csörnyei, G., Szabados, L., Csák, B., Kovács, J., Kriskovics, L., and Pál, A.
Subjects: Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics
Abstract: Context. Binary Cepheids play an important role in investigating the calibration of the classical Cepheid period-luminosity relationship. Therefore a thorough study of individual Cepheids belonging to binary systems is necessary. Aims. Our aim is to determine the orbit of the binary system V1344 Aql using newly observed and earlier published spectroscopic and photometric data. Methods. We collected new radial velocity observations using medium resolution (${R \approx 11000}$ and ${R \lessapprox 20000}$) spectrographs and we updated the pulsation period of the Cepheid based on available photometric observations using $O-C$ diagram. Separating the pulsational and orbital radial velocity variations for each observational season (year), we determined the orbital solution for the system using $\chi^2$ minimisation. Results. The updated pulsation period of the Cepheid estimated for the epoch of HJD 2458955.83 is 7.476826 days. We determined orbital elements for the first time in the literature. The orbital period of the system is about 34.6 years, with an eccentricity e = 0.22., Comment: accepted for publication in A&A
Published: 2023
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3. Gaia Focused Product Release: Sources from Service Interface Function image analysis -- Half a million new sources in omega Centauri

Author: Gaia Collaboration, Weingrill, K., Mints, A., Castañeda, J., Kostrzewa-Rutkowska, Z., Davidson, M., De Angeli, F., Hernández, J., Torra, F., Ramos-Lerate, M., Babusiaux, C., Biermann, M., Crowley, C., Evans, D. W., Lindegren, L., Martín-Fleitas, J. M., Palaversa, L., Mieres, D. Ruz, Tisanić, K., Brown, A. G. A., Vallenari, A., Prusti, T., de Bruijne, J. H. J., Arenou, F., Barbier, A., Creevey, O. L., Ducourant, C., Eyer, L., Guerra, R., Hutton, A., Jordi, C., Klioner, S. A., Lammers, U., Luri, X., Mignard, F., Randich, S., Sartoretti, P., Smiljanic, R., Tanga, P., Walton, N. A., Bailer-Jones, C. A. L., Bastian, U., Cropper, M., Drimmel, R., Katz, D., Soubiran, C., van Leeuwen, F., Audard, M., Bakker, J., Blomme, R., Fabricius, C., Fouesneau, M., Frémat, Y., Galluccio, L., Guerrier, A., Masana, E., Messineo, R., Nicolas, C., Nienartowicz, K., Pailler, F., Panuzzo, P., Riclet, F., Roux, W., Seabroke, G. M., Sordo, R., Thévenin, F., Gracia-Abril, G., Portell, J., Teyssier, D., Altmann, M., Benson, K., Berthier, J., Burgess, P. W., Busonero, D., Busso, G., Cánovas, H., Carry, B., Cheek, N., Clementini, G., Damerdji, Y., de Teodoro, P., Delchambre, L., DellÓro, A., Garcia, E. Fraile, Garabato, D., García-Lario, P., Torres, N. Garralda, Gavras, P., Haigron, R., Hambly, N. C., Harrison, D. L., Hatzidimitriou, D., Hodgkin, S. T., Holl, B., Jamal, S., Jordan, S., Krone-Martins, A., Lanzafame, A. C., Löffler, W., Lorca, A., Marchal, O., Marrese, P. M., Moitinho, A., Muinonen, K., Campos, M. Nuñez, Oreshina-Slezak, I., Osborne, P., Pancino, E., Pauwels, T., Recio-Blanco, A., Riello, M., Rimoldini, L., Robin, A. C., Roegiers, T., Sarro, L. M., Schultheis, M., Siopis, C., Smith, M., Sozzetti, A., Utrilla, E., van Leeuwen, M., Abbas, U., Ábrahám, P., Aramburu, A. Abreu, Aerts, C., Altavilla, G., Álvarez, M. A., Alves, J., Anders, F., Anderson, R. I., Antoja, T., Baines, D., Baker, S. G., Balog, Z., Barache, C., Barbato, D., Barros, M., Barstow, M. A., Bartolomé, S., Bashi, D., Bauchet, N., Baudeau, N., Becciani, U., Bedin, L. R., Bellas-Velidis, I., Bellazzini, M., Beordo, W., Berihuete, A., Bernet, M., Bertolotto, C., Bertone, S., Bianchi, L., Binnenfeld, A., Blazere, A., Boch, T., Bombrun, A., Bouquillon, S., Bragaglia, A., Braine, J., Bramante, L., Breedt, E., Bressan, A., Brouillet, N., Brugaletta, E., Bucciarelli, B., Butkevich, A. G., Buzzi, R., Caffau, E., Cancelliere, R., Cannizzo, S., Cantat-Gaudin, T., Carballo, R., Carlucci, T., Carnerero, M. I., Carrasco, J. M., Carretero, J., Carton, S., Casamiquela, L., Castellani, M., Castro-Ginard, A., Cesare, V., Charlot, P., Chemin, L., Chiaramida, V., Chiavassa, A., Chornay, N., Collins, R., Contursi, G., Cooper, W. J., Cornez, T., Crosta, M., Dafonte, C., de Laverny, P., De Luise, F., De March, R., de Souza, R., de Torres, A., del Peloso, E. F., Delbo, M., Delgado, A., Dharmawardena, T. E., Diakite, S., Diener, C., Distefano, E., Dolding, C., Dsilva, K., Durán, J., Enke, H., Esquej, P., Fabre, C., Fabrizio, M., Faigler, S., Fatović, M., Fedorets, G., Fernández-Hernández, J., Fernique, P., Figueras, F., Fournier, Y., Fouron, C., Gai, M., Galinier, M., Garcia-Gutierrez, A., García-Torres, M., Garofalo, A., Gerlach, E., Geyer, R., Giacobbe, P., Gilmore, G., Girona, S., Giuffrida, G., Gomel, R., Gomez, A., González-Núñez, J., González-Santamaría, I., Gosset, E., Granvik, M., Barrera, V. Gregori, Gutiérrez-Sánchez, R., Haywood, M., Helmer, A., Helmi, A., Henares, K., Hidalgo, S. L., Hilger, T., Hobbs, D., Hottier, C., Huckle, H. E., Jabłońska, M., Jansen, F., Jiménez-Arranz, Ó., Campillo, J. Juaristi, Khanna, S., Kordopatis, G., Kóspál, Á, Kun, M., Lambert, S., Lanza, A. F., Campion, J. -F. Le, Lebreton, Y., Lebzelter, T., Leccia, S., Lecoeur-Taibi, I., Lecoutre, G., Liao, S., Liberato, L., Licata, E., Lindstrøm, H. E. P., Lister, T. A., Livanou, E., Lobel, A., Loup, C., Mahy, L., Mann, R. G., Manteiga, M., Marchant, J. M., Marconi, M., Pina, D. Marín, Marinoni, S., Marshall, D. J., Lozano, J. Martín, Marton, G., Mary, N., Masip, A., Massari, D., Mastrobuono-Battisti, A., Mazeh, T., McMillan, P. J., Meichsner, J., Messina, S., Michalik, D., Millar, N. R., Molina, D., Molinaro, R., Molnár, L., Monari, G., Monguió, M., Montegriffo, P., Montero, A., Mor, R., Mora, A., Morbidelli, R., Morel, T., Morris, D., Mowlavi, N., Munoz, D., Muraveva, T., Murphy, C. P., Musella, I., Nagy, Z., Nieto, S., Noval, L., Ogden, A., Ordenovic, C., Pagani, C., Pagano, I., Palicio, P. A., Pallas-Quintela, L., Panahi, A., Panem, C., Payne-Wardenaar, S., Pegoraro, L., Penttilä, A., Pesciullesi, P., Piersimoni, A. M., Pinamonti, M., Pineau, F. -X., Plachy, E., Plum, G., Poggio, E., Pourbaix, D., Prša, A., Pulone, L., Racero, E., Rainer, M., Raiteri, C. M., Ramos, P., Ratajczak, M., Fiorentin, P. Re, Regibo, S., Reylé, C., Ripepi, V., Riva, A., Rix, H. -W., Rixon, G., Robichon, N., Robin, C., Romero-Gómez, M., Rowell, N., Royer, F., Rybicki, K. A., Sadowski, G., Núñez, A. Sáez, Sellés, A. Sagristà, Sahlmann, J., Gimenez, V. Sanchez, Sanna, N., Santoveña, R., Sarasso, M., Riera, C. Sarrate, Sciacca, E., Segovia, J. C., Ségransan, D., Shahaf, S., Siebert, A., Siltala, L., Slezak, E., Smart, R. L., Snaith, O. N., Solano, E., Solitro, F., Souami, D., Souchay, J., Spina, L., Spitoni, E., Spoto, F., Squillante, L. A., Steele, I. A., Steidelmüller, H., Surdej, J., Szabados, L., Taris, F., Taylor, M. B., Teixeira, R., Tolomei, L., Elipe, G. Torralba, Trabucchi, M., Tsantaki, M., Ulla, A., Unger, N., Vanel, O., Vecchiato, A., Vicente, D., Voutsinas, S., Weiler, M., Wyrzykowski, Ł., Zhao, H., Zorec, J., Zwitter, T., Balaguer-Núñez, L., Leclerc, N., Morgenthaler, S., Robert, G., and Zucker, S.
Subjects: Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies
Abstract: Gaia's readout window strategy is challenged by very dense fields in the sky. Therefore, in addition to standard Gaia observations, full Sky Mapper (SM) images were recorded for nine selected regions in the sky. A new software pipeline exploits these Service Interface Function (SIF) images of crowded fields (CFs), making use of the availability of the full two-dimensional (2D) information. This new pipeline produced half a million additional Gaia sources in the region of the omega Centauri ($\omega$ Cen) cluster, which are published with this Focused Product Release. We discuss the dedicated SIF CF data reduction pipeline, validate its data products, and introduce their Gaia archive table. Our aim is to improve the completeness of the {\it Gaia} source inventory in a very dense region in the sky, $\omega$ Cen. An adapted version of {\it Gaia}'s Source Detection and Image Parameter Determination software located sources in the 2D SIF CF images. We validated the results by comparing them to the public {\it Gaia} DR3 catalogue and external Hubble Space Telescope data. With this Focused Product Release, 526\,587 new sources have been added to the {\it Gaia} catalogue in $\omega$ Cen. Apart from positions and brightnesses, the additional catalogue contains parallaxes and proper motions, but no meaningful colour information. While SIF CF source parameters generally have a lower precision than nominal {\it Gaia} sources, in the cluster centre they increase the depth of the combined catalogue by three magnitudes and improve the source density by a factor of ten. This first SIF CF data publication already adds great value to the {\it Gaia} catalogue. It demonstrates what to expect for the fourth {\it Gaia} catalogue, which will contain additional sources for all nine SIF CF regions.
Published: 2023
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4. Gaia Focused Product Release: A catalogue of sources around quasars to search for strongly lensed quasars

Author: Gaia Collaboration, Krone-Martins, A., Ducourant, C., Galluccio, L., Delchambre, L., Oreshina-Slezak, I., Teixeira, R., Braine, J., Campion, J. -F. Le, Mignard, F., Roux, W., Blazere, A., Pegoraro, L., Brown, A. G. A., Vallenari, A., Prusti, T., de Bruijne, J. H. J., Arenou, F., Babusiaux, C., Barbier, A., Biermann, M., Creevey, O. L., Evans, D. W., Eyer, L., Guerra, R., Hutton, A., Jordi, C., Klioner, S. A., Lammers, U., Lindegren, L., Luri, X., Randich, S., Sartoretti, P., Smiljanic, R., Tanga, P., Walton, N. A., Bailer-Jones, C. A. L., Bastian, U., Cropper, M., Drimmel, R., Katz, D., Soubiran, C., van Leeuwen, F., Audard, M., Bakker, J., Blomme, R., Castaneda, J., De Angeli, F., Fabricius, C., Fouesneau, M., Fremat, Y., Guerrier, A., Masana, E., Messineo, R., Nicolas, C., Nienartowicz, K., Pailler, F., Panuzzo, P., Riclet, F., Seabroke, G. M., Sordo, R., Thevenin, F., Gracia-Abril, G., Portell, J., Teyssier, D., Altmann, M., Benson, K., Berthier, J., Burgess, P. W., Busonero, D., Busso, G., Canovas, H., Carry, B., Cheek, N., Clementini, G., Damerdji, Y., Davidson, M., de Teodoro, P., Dell'Oro, A., Garcia, E. Fraile, Garabato, D., Garcia-Lario, P., Torres, N. Garralda, Gavras, P., Haigron, R., Hambly, N. C., Harrison, D. L., Hatzidimitriou, D., Hernandez, J., Hodgkin, S. T., Holl, B., Jamal, S., Jordan, S., Lanzafame, A. C., Loffler, W., Lorca, A., Marchal, O., Marrese, P. M., Moitinho, A., Muinonen, K., Campos, M. Nunez, Osborne, P., Pancino, E., Pauwels, T., Recio-Blanco, A., Riello, M., Rimoldini, L., Robin, A. C., Roegiers, T., Sarro, L. M., Schultheis, M., Siopis, C., Smith, M., Sozzetti, A., Utrilla, E., van Leeuwen, M., Weingrill, K., Abbas, U., Abraham, P., Aramburu, A. Abreu, Aerts, C., Altavilla, G., Alvarez, M. A., Alves, J., Anderson, R. I., Antoja, T., Baines, D., Baker, S. G., Balog, Z., Barache, C., Barbato, D., Barros, M., Barstow, M. A., Bartolome, S., Bashi, D., Bauchet, N., Baudeau, N., Becciani, U., Bedin, L. R., Bellas-Velidis, I., Bellazzini, M., Beordo, W., Berihuete, A., Bernet, M., Bertolotto, C., Bertone, S., Bianchi, L., Binnenfeld, A., Boch, T., Bombrun, A., Bouquillon, S., Bragaglia, A., Bramante, L., Breedt, E., Bressan, A., Brouillet, N., Brugaletta, E., Bucciarelli, B., Butkevich, A. G., Buzzi, R., Caffau, E., Cancelliere, R., Cannizzo, S., Carballo, R., Carlucci, T., Carnerero, M. I., Carrasco, J. M., Carretero, J., Carton, S., Casamiquela, L., Castellani, M., Castro-Ginard, A., Cesare, V., Charlot, P., Chemin, L., Chiaramida, V., Chiavassa, A., Chornay, N., Collins, R., Contursi, G., Cooper, W. J., Cornez, T., Crosta, M., Crowley, C., Dafonte, C., de Laverny, P., De Luise, F., De March, R., de Souza, R., de Torres, A., del Peloso, E. F., Delbo, M., Delgado, A., Dharmawardena, T. E., Diakite, S., Diener, C., Distefano, E., Dolding, C., Dsilva, K., Duran, J., Enke, H., Esquej, P., Fabre, C., Fabrizio, M., Faigler, S., Fatovic, M., Fedorets, G., Fernandez-Hernandez, J., Fernique, P., Figueras, F., Fournier, Y., Fouron, C., Gai, M., Galinier, M., Garcia-Gutierrez, A., Garcia-Torres, M., Garofalo, A., Gerlach, E., Geyer, R., Giacobbe, P., Gilmore, G., Girona, S., Giuffrida, G., Gomel, R., Gomez, A., Gonzalez-Nunez, J., Gonzalez-Santamaria, I., Gosset, E., Granvik, M., Barrera, V. Gregori, Gutierrez-Sanchez, R., Haywood, M., Helmer, A., Helmi, A., Henares, K., Hidalgo, S. L., Hilger, T., Hobbs, D., Hottier, C., Huckle, H. E., Jablonska, M., Jansen, F., Jimenez-Arranz, O., Campillo, J. Juaristi, Khanna, S., Kordopatis, G., Kospal, A., Kostrzewa-Rutkowska, Z., Kun, M., Lambert, S., Lanza, A. F., Lebreton, Y., Lebzelter, T., Leccia, S., Lecoeur-Taibi, I., Lecoutre, G., Liao, S., Liberato, L., Licata, E., Lindstrom, H. E. P., Lister, T. A., Livanou, E., Lobel, A., Loup, C., Mahy, L., Mann, R. G., Manteiga, M., Marchant, J. M., Marconi, M., Pina, D. Marin, Marinoni, S., Marshall, D. J., Lozano, J. Martin, Martin-Fleitas, J. M., Marton, G., Mary, N., Masip, A., Massari, D., Mastrobuono-Battisti, A., Mazeh, T., McMillan, P. J., Meichsner, J., Messina, S., Michalik, D., Millar, N. R., Mints, A., Molina, D., Molinaro, R., Molnar, L., Monari, G., Monguio, M., Montegriffo, P., Montero, A., Mor, R., Mora, A., Morbidelli, R., Morel, T., Morris, D., Mowlavi, N., Munoz, D., Muraveva, T., Murphy, C. P., Musella, I., Nagy, Z., Nieto, S., Noval, L., Ogden, A., Ordenovic, C., Pagani, C., Pagano, I., Palaversa, L., Palicio, P. A., Pallas-Quintela, L., Panahi, A., Panem, C., Payne-Wardenaar, S., Penttila, A., Pesciullesi, P., Piersimoni, A. M., Pinamonti, M., Pineau, F. -X., Plachy, E., Plum, G., Poggio, E., Pourbaix, D., Prsa, A., Pulone, L., Racero, E., Rainer, M., Raiteri, C. M., Ramos, P., Ramos-Lerate, M., Ratajczak, M., Fiorentin, P. Re, Regibo, S., Reyle, C., Ripepi, V., Riva, A., Rix, H. -W., Rixon, G., Robichon, N., Robin, C., Romero-Gomez, M., Rowell, N., Royer, F., Mieres, D. Ruz, Rybicki, K. A., Sadowski, G., Nunez, A. Saez, Selles, A. Sagrista, Sahlmann, J., Gimenez, V. Sanchez, Sanna, N., Santovena, R., Sarasso, M., Riera, C. Sarrate, Sciacca, E., Segovia, J. C., Segransan, D., Shahaf, S., Siebert, A., Siltala, L., Slezak, E., Smart, R. L., Snaith, O. N., Solano, E., Solitro, F., Souami, D., Souchay, J., Spina, L., Spitoni, E., Spoto, F., Squillante, L. A., Steele, I. A., Steidelmuller, H., Surdej, J., Szabados, L., Taris, F., Taylor, M. B., Tisanic, K., Tolomei, L., Torra, F., Elipe, G. Torralba, Trabucchi, M., Tsantaki, M., Ulla, A., Unger, N., Vanel, O., Vecchiato, A., Vicente, D., Voutsinas, S., Weiler, M., Wyrzykowski, L., Zhao, H., Zorec, J., Zwitter, T., Balaguer-Nunez, L., Leclerc, N., Morgenthaler, S., Robert, G., and Zucker, S.
Subjects: Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics
Abstract: Context. Strongly lensed quasars are fundamental sources for cosmology. The Gaia space mission covers the entire sky with the unprecedented resolution of $0.18$" in the optical, making it an ideal instrument to search for gravitational lenses down to the limiting magnitude of 21. Nevertheless, the previous Gaia Data Releases are known to be incomplete for small angular separations such as those expected for most lenses. Aims. We present the Data Processing and Analysis Consortium GravLens pipeline, which was built to analyse all Gaia detections around quasars and to cluster them into sources, thus producing a catalogue of secondary sources around each quasar. We analysed the resulting catalogue to produce scores that indicate source configurations that are compatible with strongly lensed quasars. Methods. GravLens uses the DBSCAN unsupervised clustering algorithm to detect sources around quasars. The resulting catalogue of multiplets is then analysed with several methods to identify potential gravitational lenses. We developed and applied an outlier scoring method, a comparison between the average BP and RP spectra of the components, and we also used an extremely randomised tree algorithm. These methods produce scores to identify the most probable configurations and to establish a list of lens candidates. Results. We analysed the environment of 3 760 032 quasars. A total of 4 760 920 sources, including the quasars, were found within 6" of the quasar positions. This list is given in the Gaia archive. In 87\% of cases, the quasar remains a single source, and in 501 385 cases neighbouring sources were detected. We propose a list of 381 lensed candidates, of which we identified 49 as the most promising. Beyond these candidates, the associate tables in this Focused Product Release allow the entire community to explore the unique Gaia data for strong lensing studies further., Comment: 35 pages, 60 figures, accepted for publication by Astronomy and Astrophysics
Published: 2023
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5. Gaia Focused Product Release: Radial velocity time series of long-period variables

Author: Gaia Collaboration, Trabucchi, M., Mowlavi, N., Lebzelter, T., Lecoeur-Taibi, I., Audard, M., Eyer, L., García-Lario, P., Gavras, P., Holl, B., de Fombelle, G. Jevardat, Nienartowicz, K., Rimoldini, L., Sartoretti, P., Blomme, R., Frémat, Y., Marchal, O., Damerdji, Y., Brown, A. G. A., Guerrier, A., Panuzzo, P., Katz, D., Seabroke, G. M., Benson, K., Haigron, R., Smith, M., Lobel, A., Vallenari, A., Prusti, T., de Bruijne, J. H. J., Arenou, F., Babusiaux, C., Barbier, A., Biermann, M., Creevey, O. L., Ducourant, C., Evans, D. W., Guerra, R., Hutton, A., Jordi, C., Klioner, S. A., Lammers, U., Lindegren, L., Luri, X., Mignard, F., Randich, S., Smiljanic, R., Tanga, P., Walton, N. A., Bailer-Jones, C. A. L., Bastian, U., Cropper, M., Drimmel, R., Lattanzi, M. G., Soubiran, C., van Leeuwen, F., Bakker, J., Castañeda, J., De Angeli, F., Fabricius, C., Fouesneau, M., Galluccio, L., Masana, E., Messineo, R., Nicolas, C., Pailler, F., Riclet, F., Roux, W., Sordo, R., Thévenin, F., Gracia-Abril, G., Portell, J., Teyssier, D., Altmann, M., Berthier, J., Burgess, P. W., Busonero, D., Busso, G., Cánovas, H., Carry, B., Cheek, N., Clementini, G., Davidson, M., de Teodoro, P., Delchambre, L., Dell'Oro, A., Garcia, E. Fraile, Garabato, D., Torres, N. Garralda, Hambly, N. C., Harrison, D. L., Hatzidimitriou, D., Hernández, J., Hodgkin, S. T., Jamal, S., Jordan, S., Krone-Martins, A., Lanzafame, A. C., Löffler, W., Lorca, A., Marrese, P. M., Moitinho, A., Muinonen, K., Campos, M. Nuñez, Oreshina-Slezak, I., Osborne, P., Pancino, E., Pauwels, T., Recio-Blanco, A., Riello, M., Robin, A. C., Roegiers, T., Sarro, L. M., Schultheis, M., Siopis, C., Sozzetti, A., Utrilla, E., van Leeuwen, M., Weingrill, K., Abbas, U., Ábrahám, P., Aramburu, A. Abreu, Aerts, C., Altavilla, G., Álvarez, M. A., Alves, J., Anders, F., Anderson, R. I., Antoja, T., Baines, D., Baker, S. G., Balog, Z., Barache, C., Barbato, D., Barros, M., Barstow, M. A., Bartolomé, S., Bashi, D., Bauchet, N., Baudeau, N., Becciani, U., Bedin, L. R., Bellas-Velidis, I., Bellazzini, M., Beordo, W., Berihuete, A., Bernet, M., Bertolotto, C., Bertone, S., Bianchi, L., Binnenfeld, A., Blazere, A., Boch, T., Bombrun, A., Bouquillon, S., Bragaglia, A., Braine, J., Bramante, L., Breedt, E., Bressan, A., Brouillet, N., Brugaletta, E., Bucciarelli, B., Butkevich, A. G., Buzzi, R., Caffau, E., Cancelliere, R., Cannizzo, S., Carballo, R., Carlucci, T., Carnerero, M. I., Carrasco, J. M., Carretero, J., Carton, S., Casamiquela, L., Castellani, M., Castro-Ginard, A., Cesare, V., Charlot, P., Chemin, L., Chiaramida, V., Chiavassa, A., Chornay, N., Collins, R., Contursi, G., Cooper, W. J., Cornez, T., Crosta, M., Crowley, C., Dafonte, C., David, M., de Laverny, P., De Luise, F., De March, R., De Ridder, J., de Souza, R., de Torres, A., del Peloso, E. F., Delbo, M., Delgado, A., Dharmawardena, T. E., Diakite, S., Diener, C., Distefano, E., Dolding, C., Dsilva, K., Durán, J., Enke, H., Esquej, P., Fabre, C., Fabrizio, M., Faigler, S., Fatović, M., Fedorets, G., Fernández-Hernández, J., Fernique, P., Figueras, F., Fournier, Y., Fouron, C., Gai, M., Galinier, M., Garcia-Gutierrez, A., García-Torres, M., Garofalo, A., Gerlach, E., Geyer, R., Giacobbe, P., Gilmore, G., Girona, S., Giuffrida, G., Gomel, R., Gomez, A., González-Núñez, J., González-Santamaría, I., Gosset, E., Granvik, M., Barrera, V. Gregori, Gutiérrez-Sánchez, R., Haywood, M., Helmer, A., Helmi, A., Henares, K., Hidalgo, S. L., Hilger, T., Hobbs, D., Hottier, C., Huckle, H. E., Jabłońska, M., Jansen, F., Jiménez-Arranz, Ó., Campillo, J. Juaristi, Khanna, S., Kordopatis, G., Kóspál, Á, Kostrzewa-Rutkowska, Z., Kun, M., Lambert, S., Lanza, A. F., Campion, J. -F. Le, Lebreton, Y., Leccia, S., Lecoutre, G., Liao, S., Liberato, L., Licata, E., Lindstrøm, H. E. P., Lister, T. A., Livanou, E., Loup, C., Mahy, L., Mann, R. G., Manteiga, M., Marchant, J. M., Marconi, M., Pina, D. Marín, Marinoni, S., Marshall, D. J., Lozano, J. Martín, Martín-Fleitas, J. M., Marton, G., Mary, N., Masip, A., Massari, D., Mastrobuono-Battisti, A., Mazeh, T., McMillan, P. J., Meichsner, J., Messina, S., Michalik, D., Millar, N. R., Mints, A., Molina, D., Molinaro, R., Molnár, L., Monari, G., Monguió, M., Montegriffo, P., Montero, A., Mor, R., Mora, A., Morbidelli, R., Morel, T., Morris, D., Munoz, D., Muraveva, T., Murphy, C. P., Musella, I., Nagy, Z., Nieto, S., Noval, L., Ogden, A., Ordenovic, C., Pagani, C., Pagano, I., Palaversa, L., Palicio, P. A., Pallas-Quintela, L., Panahi, A., Panem, C., Payne-Wardenaar, S., Pegoraro, L., Penttilä, A., Pesciullesi, P., Piersimoni, A. M., Pinamonti, M., Pineau, F. -X., Plachy, E., Plum, G., Poggio, E., Pourbaix, D., Prša, A., Pulone, L., Racero, E., Rainer, M., Raiteri, C. M., Ramos, P., Ramos-Lerate, M., Ratajczak, M., Fiorentin, P. Re, Regibo, S., Reylé, C., Ripepi, V., Riva, A., Rix, H. -W., Rixon, G., Robichon, N., Robin, C., Romero-Gómez, M., Rowell, N., Royer, F., Mieres, D. Ruz, Rybicki, K. A., Sadowski, G., Núñez, A. Sáez, Sellés, A. Sagristà, Sahlmann, J., Gimenez, V. Sanchez, Sanna, N., Santoveña, R., Sarasso, M., Riera, C. Sarrate, Sciacca, E., Segovia, J. C., Ségransan, D., Shahaf, S., Siebert, A., Siltala, L., Slezak, E., Smart, R. L., Snaith, O. N., Solano, E., Solitro, F., Souami, D., Souchay, J., Spina, L., Spitoni, E., Spoto, F., Squillante, L. A., Steele, I. A., Steidelmüller, H., Surdej, J., Szabados, L., Taris, F., Taylor, M. B., Teixeira, R., Tisanić, K., Tolomei, L., Torra, F., Elipe, G. Torralba, Tsantaki, M., Ulla, A., Unger, N., Vanel, O., Vecchiato, A., Vicente, D., Voutsinas, S., Weiler, M., Wyrzykowski, Ł., Zhao, H., Zorec, J., Zwitter, T., Balaguer-Núñez, L., Leclerc, N., Morgenthaler, S., Robert, G., and Zucker, S.
Subjects: Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics
Abstract: The third Gaia Data Release (DR3) provided photometric time series of more than 2 million long-period variable (LPV) candidates. Anticipating the publication of full radial-velocity (RV) in DR4, this Focused Product Release (FPR) provides RV time series for a selection of LPVs with high-quality observations. We describe the production and content of the Gaia catalog of LPV RV time series, and the methods used to compute variability parameters published in the Gaia FPR. Starting from the DR3 LPVs catalog, we applied filters to construct a sample of sources with high-quality RV measurements. We modeled their RV and photometric time series to derive their periods and amplitudes, and further refined the sample by requiring compatibility between the RV period and at least one of the $G$, $G_{\rm BP}$, or $G_{\rm RP}$ photometric periods. The catalog includes RV time series and variability parameters for 9\,614 sources in the magnitude range $6\lesssim G/{\rm mag}\lesssim 14$, including a flagged top-quality subsample of 6\,093 stars whose RV periods are fully compatible with the values derived from the $G$, $G_{\rm BP}$, and $G_{\rm RP}$ photometric time series. The RV time series contain a mean of 24 measurements per source taken unevenly over a duration of about three years. We identify the great most sources (88%) as genuine LPVs, with about half of them showing a pulsation period and the other half displaying a long secondary period. The remaining 12% consists of candidate ellipsoidal binaries. Quality checks against RVs available in the literature show excellent agreement. We provide illustrative examples and cautionary remarks. The publication of RV time series for almost 10\,000 LPVs constitutes, by far, the largest such database available to date in the literature. The availability of simultaneous photometric measurements gives a unique added value to the Gaia catalog (abridged), Comment: 36 pages, 38 figures
Published: 2023

6. Gaia Data Release 3: Summary of the content and survey properties

Author: Gaia Collaboration, Vallenari, A., Brown, A. G. A., Prusti, T., de Bruijne, J. H. J., Arenou, F., Babusiaux, C., Biermann, M., Creevey, O. L., Ducourant, C., Evans, D. W., Eyer, L., Guerra, R., Hutton, A., Jordi, C., Klioner, S. A., Lammers, U. L., Lindegren, L., Luri, X., Mignard, F., Panem, C., Pourbaix, D., Randich, S., Sartoretti, P., Soubiran, C., Tanga, P., Walton, N. A., Bailer-Jones, C. A. L., Bastian, U., Drimmel, R., Jansen, F., Katz, D., Lattanzi, M. G., van Leeuwen, F., Bakker, J., Cacciari, C., Castañeda, J., De Angeli, F., Fabricius, C., Fouesneau, M., Frémat, Y., Galluccio, L., Guerrier, A., Heiter, U., Masana, E., Messineo, R., Mowlavi, N., Nicolas, C., Nienartowicz, K., Pailler, F., Panuzzo, P., Riclet, F., Roux, W., Seabroke, G. M., Sordoørcit, R., Thévenin, F., Gracia-Abril, G., Portell, J., Teyssier, D., Altmann, M., Andrae, R., Audard, M., Bellas-Velidis, I., Benson, K., Berthier, J., Blomme, R., Burgess, P. W., Busonero, D., Busso, G., Cánovas, H., Carry, B., Cellino, A., Cheek, N., Clementini, G., Damerdji, Y., Davidson, M., de Teodoro, P., Campos, M. Nuñez, Delchambre, L., Dell'Oro, A., Esquej, P., Fernández-Hernández, J., Fraile, E., Garabato, D., García-Lario, P., Gosset, E., Haigron, R., Halbwachs, J. -L., Hambly, N. C., Harrison, D. L., Hernández, J., Hestroffer, D., Hodgkin, S. T., Holl, B., Janßen, K., de Fombelle, G. Jevardat, Jordan, S., Krone-Martins, A., Lanzafame, A. C., Löffler, W., Marchal, O., Marrese, P. M., Moitinho, A., Muinonen, K., Osborne, P., Pancino, E., Pauwels, T., Recio-Blanco, A., Reylé, C., Riello, M., Rimoldini, L., Roegiers, T., Rybizki, J., Sarro, L. M., Siopis, C., Smith, M., Sozzetti, A., Utrilla, E., van Leeuwen, M., Abbas, U., Ábrahám, P., Aramburu, A. Abreu, Aerts, C., Aguado, J. J., Ajaj, M., Aldea-Montero, F., Altavilla, G., Álvarez, M. A., Alves, J., Anders, F., Anderson, R. I., Varela, E. Anglada, Antoja, T., Baines, D., Baker, S. G., Balaguer-Núñez, L., Balbinot, E., Balog, Z., Barache, C., Barbato, D., Barros, M., Barstow, M. A., Bartolomé, S., Bassilana, J. -L., Bauchet, N., Becciani, U., Bellazzini, M., Berihuete, A., Bernet, M., Bertone, S., Bianchi, L., Binnenfeld, A., Blanco-Cuaresma, S., Blazere, A., Boch, T., Bombrun, A., Bossini, D., Bouquillon, S., Bragaglia, A., Bramante, L., Breedt, E., Bressan, A., Brouillet, N., Brugaletta, E., Bucciarelli, B., Burlacu, A., Butkevich, A. G., Buzzi, R., Caffau, E., Cancelliere, R., Cantat-Gaudin, T., Carballo, R., Carlucci, T., Carnerero, M. I., Carrasco, J. M., Casamiquela, L., Castellani, M., Castro-Ginard, A., Chaoul, L., Charlot, P., Chemin, L., Chiaramida, V., Chiavassa, A., Chornay, N., Comoretto, G., Contursi, G., Cooper, W. J., Cornez, T., Cowell, S., Crifo, F., Cropper, M., Crosta, M., Crowley, C., Dafonte, C., Dapergolas, A., David, M., David, P., de Laverny, P., De Luise, F., De March, R., De Ridder, J., de Souza, R., de Torres, A., del Peloso, E. F., del Pozo, E., Delbo, M., Delgado, A., Delisle, J. -B., Demouchy, C., Dharmawardena, T. E., Di Matteo, P., Diakite, S., Diener, C., Distefano, E., Dolding, C., Edvardsson, B., Enke, H., Fabre, C., Fabrizio, M., Faigler, S., Fedorets, G., Fernique, P., Fienga, A., Figueras, F., Fournier, Y., Fouron, C., Fragkoudi, F., Gai, M., Garcia-Gutierrez, A., Garcia-Reinaldos, M., García-Torres, M., Garofalo, A., Gavel, A., Gavras, P., Gerlach, E., Geyer, R., Giacobbe, P., Gilmore, G., Girona, S., Giuffrida, G., Gomel, R., Gomez, A., González-Núñez, J., González-Santamaría, I., González-Vidal, J. J., Granvik, M., Guillout, P., Guiraud, J., Gutiérrez-Sánchez, R., Guy, L. P., Hatzidimitriou, D., Hauser, M., Haywood, M., Helmer, A., Helmi, A., Sarmiento, M. H., Hidalgo, S. L., Hilger, T., Hładczuk, N., Hobbs, D., Holland, G., Huckle, H. E., Jardine, K., Jasniewicz, G., Piccolo, A. Jean-Antoine, Jiménez-Arranz, Ó., Jorissen, A., Campillo, J. Juaristi, Julbe, F., Karbevska, L., Kervella, P., Khanna, S., Kontizas, M., Kordopatis, G., Korn, A. J., Kóspál, Á, Kostrzewa-Rutkowska, Z., Kruszyńska, K., Kun, M., Laizeau, P., Lambert, S., Lanza, A. F., Lasne, Y., Campion, J. -F. Le, Lebreton, Y., Lebzelter, T., Leccia, S., Leclerc, N., Lecoeur-Taibi, I., Liao, S., Licata, E. L., Lindstrøm, H. E. P., Lister, T. A., Livanou, E., Lobel, A., Lorca, A., Loup, C., Pardo, P. Madrero, Romeo, A. Magdaleno, Managau, S., Mann, R. G., Manteiga, M., Marchant, J. M., Marconi, M., Marcos, J., Santos, M. M. S. Marcos, Pina, D. Marín, Marinoni, S., Marocco, F., Marshall, D. J., Polo, L. Martin, Martín-Fleitas, J. M., Marton, G., Mary, N., Masip, A., Massari, D., Mastrobuono-Battisti, A., Mazeh, T., McMillan, P. J., Messina, S., Michalik, D., Millar, N. R., Mints, A., Molina, D., Molinaro, R., Molnár, L., Monari, G., Monguió, M., Montegriffo, P., Montero, A., Mor, R., Mora, A., Morbidelli, R., Morel, T., Morris, D., Muraveva, T., Murphy, C. P., Musella, I., Nagy, Z., Noval, L., Ocaña, F., Ogden, A., Ordenovic, C., Osinde, J. O., Pagani, C., Pagano, I., Palaversa, L., Palicio, P. A., Pallas-Quintela, L., Panahi, A., Payne-Wardenaar, S., Esteller, X. Peñalosa, Penttilä, A., Pichon, B., Piersimoni, A. M., Pineau, F. -X., Plachy, E., Plum, G., Poggio, E., Prša, A., Pulone, L., Racero, E., Ragaini, S., Rainer, M., Raiteri, C. M., Rambaux, N., Ramos, P., Ramos-Lerate, M., Fiorentin, P. Re, Regibo, S., Richards, P. J., Diaz, C. Rios, Ripepi, V., Riva, A., Rix, H. -W., Rixon, G., Robichon, N., Robin, A. C., Robin, C., Roelens, M., Rogues, H. R. O., Rohrbasser, L., Romero-Gómez, M., Rowell, N., Royer, F., Mieres, D. Ruz, Rybicki, K. A., Sadowski, G., Núñez, A. Sáez, Sellés, A. Sagristà, Sahlmann, J., Salguero, E., Samaras, N., Gimenez, V. Sanchez, Sanna, N., Santoveña, R., Sarasso, M., Schultheis, M., Sciacca, E., Segol, M., Segovia, J. C., Ségransan, D., Semeux, D., Shahaf, S., Siddiqui, H. I., Siebert, A., Siltala, L., Silvelo, A., Slezak, E., Slezak, I., Smart, R. L., Snaith, O. N., Solano, E., Solitro, F., Souami, D., Souchay, J., Spagna, A., Spina, L., Spoto, F., Steele, I. A., Steidelmüller, H., Stephenson, C. A., Süveges, M., Surdej, J., Szabados, L., Szegedi-Elek, E., Taris, F., Taylo, M. B., Teixeira, R., Tolomei, L., Tonello, N., Torra, F., Torra, J., Elipe, G. Torralba, Trabucchi, M., Tsounis, A. T., Turon, C., Ulla, A., Unger, N., Vaillant, M. V., van Dillen, E., van Reeven, W., Vanel, O., Vecchiato, A., Viala, Y., Vicente, D., Voutsinas, S., Weiler, M., Wevers, T., Wyrzykowski, L., Yoldas, A., Yvard, P., Zhao, H., Zorec, J., Zucker, S., and Zwitter, T.
Subjects: Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies
Abstract: We present the third data release of the European Space Agency's Gaia mission, GDR3. The GDR3 catalogue is the outcome of the processing of raw data collected with the Gaia instruments during the first 34 months of the mission by the Gaia Data Processing and Analysis Consortium. The GDR3 catalogue contains the same source list, celestial positions, proper motions, parallaxes, and broad band photometry in the G, G$_{BP}$, and G$_{RP}$ pass-bands already present in the Early Third Data Release. GDR3 introduces an impressive wealth of new data products. More than 33 million objects in the ranges $G_{rvs} < 14$ and $3100
Published: 2022
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7. Gaia Data Release 3: Cross-match of Gaia sources with variable objects from the literature

Author: Gavras, P., Rimoldini, L., Nienartowicz, K., de Fombelle, G. Jevardat, Holl, B., Ábrahám, P., Audard, M., Carnerero, M., Clementini, G., De Ridder, J., Distefano, E., Garcia-Lario, P., Garofalo, A., Kóspál, Á., Kruszyńska, K., Kun, M., Lecoeur-Taïbi, I., Marton, G., Mazeh, T., Mowlavi, N., Raiteri, C., Ripepi, V., Szabados, L., Zucker, S., and Eyer, L.
Subjects: Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies, Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics
Abstract: Context. In the current ever increasing data volumes of astronomical surveys, automated methods are essential. Objects of known classes from the literature are necessary for training supervised machine learning algorithms, as well as for verification/validation of their results. Aims.The primary goal of this work is to provide a comprehensive data set of known variable objects from the literature cross-matched with \textit{Gaia}~DR3 sources, including a large number of both variability types and representatives, in order to cover as much as possible sky regions and magnitude ranges relevant to each class. In addition, non-variable objects from selected surveys are targeted to probe their variability in \textit{Gaia} and possible use as standards. This data set can be the base for a training set applicable in variability detection, classification, and validation. MethodsA statistical method that employed both astrometry (position and proper motion) and photometry (mean magnitude) was applied to selected literature catalogues in order to identify the correct counterparts of the known objects in the \textit{Gaia} data. The cross-match strategy was adapted to the properties of each catalogue and the verification of results excluded dubious matches. Results.Our catalogue gathers 7\,841\,723 \textit{Gaia} sources among which 1.2~million non-variable objects and 1.7~million galaxies, in addition to 4.9~million variable sources representing over 100~variability (sub)types. Conclusions.This data set served the requirements of \textit{Gaia}'s variability pipeline for its third data release (DR3), from classifier training to result validation, and it is expected to be a useful resource for the scientific community that is interested in the analysis of variability in the \textit{Gaia} data and other surveys., Comment: This paper is part of Gaia Data Release 3 (DR3). Submitted to A&A
Published: 2022
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8. Gaia Data Release 3: Reflectance spectra of Solar System small bodies

Author: Gaia Collaboration, Galluccio, L., Delbo, M., De Angeli, F., Pauwels, T., Tanga, P., Mignard, F., Cellino, A., Brown, A. G. A., Muinonen, K., Penttila, A., Jordan, S., Vallenari, A., Prusti, T., de Bruijne, J. H. J., Arenou, F., Babusiaux, C., Biermann, M., Creevey, O. L., Ducourant, C., Evans, D. W., Eyer, L., Guerra, R., Hutton, A., Jordi, C., Klioner, S. A., Lammers, U. L., Lindegren, L., Luri, X., Panem, C., Pourbaix, D., Randich, S., Sartoretti, P., Soubiran, C., Walton, N. A., Bailer-Jones, C. A. L., Bastian, U., Drimmel, R., Jansen, F., Katz, D., Lattanzi, M. G., van Leeuwen, F., Bakker, J., Cacciari, C., Castaneda, J., Fabricius, C., Fouesneau, M., Frémat, Y., Guerrier, A., Heiter, U., Masana, E., Messineo, R., Mowlavi, N., Nicolas, C., Nienartowicz, K., Pailler, F., Panuzzo, P., Riclet, F., Roux, W., Seabroke, G. M., Sordo, R., Thévenin, F., Gracia-Abril, G., Portell, J., Teyssier, D., Altmann, M., Andrae, R., Audard, M., Bellas-Velidis, I., Benson, K., Berthier, J., Blomme, R., Burgess, P. W., Busonero, D., Busso, G., Cánovas, H., Carry, B., Cheek, N., Clementini, G., Damerdji, Y., Davidson, M., de Teodoro, P., Campos, M. Nunez, Delchambre, L., Oro, A. Dell, Esquej, P., Fernández-Hernández, J., Fraile, E., Garabato, D., García-Lario, P., Gosset, E., Haigron, R., Halbwachs, J. -L., Hambly, N. C., Harrison, D. L., Hernández, J., Hestroffer, D., Hodgkin, S. T., Holl, B., Janssen, K., de Fombelle, G. Jevardat, Krone-Martins, A., Lanzafame, A. C., Löffler, W., Marchal, O., Marrese, P. M., Moitinho, A., Osborne, P., Pancino, E., Recio-Blanco, A., Reylé, C., Riello, M., Rimoldini, L., Roegiers, T., Rybizki, J., Sarro, L. M., Siopis, C., Smith, M., Sozzetti, A., Utrilla, E., van Leeuwen, M., Abbas, U., Ábrahám, P., Aramburu, A. Abreu, Aerts, C., Aguado, J. J., Ajaj, M., Aldea-Montero, F., Altavilla, G., Álvarez, M. A., Alves, J., Anderson, R. I., Varela, E. Anglada, Antoja, T., Baines, D., Baker, S. G., Balaguer-Núnez, L., Balbinot, E., Balog, Z., Barache, C., Barbato, D., Barros, M., Barstow, M. A., Bartolomé, S., Bassilana, J. -L., Bauchet, N., Becciani, U., Bellazzini, M., Berihuete, A., Bernet, M., Bertone, S., Bianchi, L., Binnenfeld, A., Blanco-Cuaresma, S., Boch, T., Bombrun, A., Bossini, D., Bouquillon, S., Bragaglia, A., Bramante, L., Breedt, E., Bressan, A., Brouillet, N., Brugaletta, E., Bucciarelli, B., Burlacu, A., Butkevich, A. G., Buzzi, R., Caffau, E., Cancelliere, R., Cantat-Gaudin, T., Carballo, R., Carlucci, T., Carnerero, M. I., Carrasco, J. M., Casamiquela, L., Castellani, M., Castro-Ginard, A., Chaoul, L., Charlot, P., Chemin, L., Chiaramida, V., Chiavassa, A., Chornay, N., Comoretto, G., Contursi, G., Cooper, W. J., Cornez, T., Cowell, S., Crifo, F., Cropper, M., Crosta, M., Crowley, C., Dafonte, C., Dapergolas, A., David, P., de Laverny, P., De Luise, F., De March, R., De Ridder, J., de Souza, R., de Torres, A., del Peloso, E. F., del Pozo, E., Delgado, A., Delisle, J. -B., Demouchy, C., Dharmawardena, T. E., Diakite, S., Diener, C., Distefano, E., Dolding, C., Enke, H., Fabre, C., Fabrizio, M., Faigler, S., Fedorets, G., Fernique, P., Figueras, F., Fournier, Y., Fouron, C., Fragkoudi, F., Gai, M., Garcia-Gutierrez, A., Garcia-Reinaldos, M., García-Torres, M., Garofalo, A., Gavel, A., Gavras, P., Gerlach, E., Geyer, R., Giacobbe, P., Gilmore, G., Girona, S., Giuffrida, G., Gomel, R., Gomez, A., González-Núnez, J., González-Santamaría, I., González-Vidal, J. J., Granvik, M., Guillout, P., Guiraud, J., Gutiérrez-Sánchez, R., Guy, L. P., Hatzidimitriou, D., Hauser, M., Haywood, M., Helmer, A., Helmi, A., Sarmiento, M. H., Hidalgo, S. L., Hadczuk, N., Hobbs, D., Holland, G., Huckle, H. E., Jardine, K., Jasniewicz, G., Piccolo, A. Jean-Antoine, Jiménez-Arranz, Ó., Campillo, J. Juaristi, Julbe, F., Karbevska, L., Kervella, P., Khanna, S., Kordopatis, G., Korn, A. J., Kospál, A, Kostrzewa-Rutkowska, Z., Kruszynska, K., Kun, M., Laizeau, P., Lambert, S., Lanza, A. F., Lasne, Y., Campion, J. -F. Le, Lebreton, Y., Lebzelter, T., Leccia, S., Leclerc, N., Lecoeur-Taibi, I., Liao, S., Licata, E. L., Lindstrom, H. E. P., Lister, T. A., Livanou, E., Lobel, A., Lorca, A., Loup, C., Pardo, P. Madrero, Romeo, A. Magdaleno, Managau, S., Mann, R. G., Manteiga, M., Marchant, J. M., Marconi, M., Marcos, J., Santos, M. M. S. Marcos, Pina, D. Marín, Marinoni, S., Marocco, F., Marshall, D. J., Polo, L. Martin, Martín-Fleitas, J. M., Marton, G., Mary, N., Masip, A., Massari, D., Mastrobuono-Battisti, A., Mazeh, T., McMillan, P. J., Messina, S., Michalik, D., Millar, N. R., Mints, A., Molina, D., Molinaro, R., Molnár, L., Monari, G., Monguió, M., Montegriffo, P., Montero, A., Mor, R., Mora, A., Morbidelli, R., Morel, T., Morris, D., Muraveva, T., Murphy, C. P., Musella, I., Nagy, Z., Noval, L., Ocana, F., Ogden, A., Ordenovic, C., Osinde, J. O., Pagani, C., Pagano, I., Palaversa, L., Palicio, P. A., Pallas-Quintela, L., Panahi, A., Payne-Wardenaar, S., Esteller, X. Penalosa, Petit, J. -M., Pichon, B., Piersimoni, A. M., Pineau, F. -X., Plachy, E., Plum, G., Poggio, E., Prsa, A., Pulone, L., Racero, E., Ragaini, S., Rainer, M., Raiteri, C. M., Ramos, P., Ramos-Lerate, M., Fiorentin, P. Re, Regibo, S., Richards, P. J., Diaz, C. Rios, Ripepi, V., Riva, A., Rix, H. -W., Rixon, G., Robichon, N., Robin, A. C., Robin, C., Roelens, M., Rogues, H. R. O., Rohrbasser, L., Romero-Gómez, M., Rowell, N., Royer, F., Mieres, D. Ruz, Rybicki, K. A., Sadowski, G., Núnez, A. Sáez, Sellés, A. Sagristà, Sahlmann, J., Salguero, E., Samaras, N., Gimenez, V. Sanchez, Sanna, N., Santovena, R., Sarasso, M., Schultheis, M., Sciacca, E., Segol, M., Segovia, J. C., Ségransan, D., Semeux, D., Shahaf, S., Siddiqui, H. I., Siebert, A., Siltala, L., Silvelo, A., Slezak, E., Slezak, I., Smart, R. L., Snaith, O. N., Solano, E., Solitro, F., Souami, D., Souchay, J., Spagna, A., Spina, L., Spoto, F., Steele, I. A., Steidelmüller, H., Stephenson, C. A., Süveges, M., Surdej, J., Szabados, L., Szegedi-Elek, E., Taris, F., Taylor, M. B., Teixeira, R., Tolomei, L., Tonello, N., Torra, F., Torra, J., Elipe, G. Torralba, Trabucchi, M., Tsounis, A. T., Turon, C., Ulla, A., Unger, N., Vaillant, M. V., van Dillen, E., van Reeven, W., Vanel, O., Vecchiato, A., Viala, Y., Vicente, D., Voutsinas, S., Weiler, M., Wevers, T., Wyrzykowski, L., Yoldas, A., Yvard, P., Zhao, H., Zorec, J., Zucker, S., and Zwitter, T.
Subjects: Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics
Abstract: The Gaia mission of the European Space Agency (ESA) has been routinely observing Solar System objects (SSOs) since the beginning of its operations in August 2014. The Gaia data release three (DR3) includes, for the first time, the mean reflectance spectra of a selected sample of 60 518 SSOs, primarily asteroids, observed between August 5, 2014, and May 28, 2017. Each reflectance spectrum was derived from measurements obtained by means of the Blue and Red photometers (BP/RP), which were binned in 16 discrete wavelength bands. We describe the processing of the Gaia spectral data of SSOs, explaining both the criteria used to select the subset of asteroid spectra published in Gaia DR3, and the different steps of our internal validation procedures. In order to further assess the quality of Gaia SSO reflectance spectra, we carried out external validation against SSO reflectance spectra obtained from ground-based and space-borne telescopes and available in the literature. For each selected SSO, an epoch reflectance was computed by dividing the calibrated spectrum observed by the BP/RP at each transit on the focal plane by the mean spectrum of a solar analogue. The latter was obtained by averaging the Gaia spectral measurements of a selected sample of stars known to have very similar spectra to that of the Sun. Finally, a mean of the epoch reflectance spectra was calculated in 16 spectral bands for each SSO. The agreement between Gaia mean reflectance spectra and those available in the literature is good for bright SSOs, regardless of their taxonomic spectral class. We identify an increase in the spectral slope of S-type SSOs with increasing phase angle. Moreover, we show that the spectral slope increases and the depth of the 1 um absorption band decreases for increasing ages of S-type asteroid families., Comment: 30 pages, 26 figures
Published: 2022
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9. Gaia Data Release 3. Summary of the variability processing and analysis

Author: Eyer, L., Audard, M., Holl, B., Rimoldini, L., Carnerero, M. I., Clementini, G., De Ridder, J., Distefano, E., Evans, D. W., Gavras, P., Gomel, R., Lebzelter, T., Marton, G., Mowlavi, N., Panahi, A., Ripepi, V., Wyrzykowski, L., Nienartowicz, K., de Fombelle, G. Jevardat, Lecoeur-Taibi, I., Rohrbasser, L., Riello, M., Garcia-Lario, P., Lanzafame, A. C., Mazeh, T., Raiteri, C. M., Zucker, S., Abraham, P., Aerts, C., Aguado, J. J., Anderson, R. I., Bashi, D., Binnenfeld, A., Faigler, S., Garofalo, A., Karbevska, L., Kospal, A., Kruszynska, K., Kun, M., Lanza, A. F., Leccia, S., Marconi, M., Messina, S., Molinaro, R., Molnar, L., Muraveva, T., Musella, I., Nagy, Z., Pagano, I., Palaversa, L., Plachy, E., Rybicki, K. A., Shahaf, S., Szabados, L., Szegedi-Elek, E., Trabucchi, M., Barblan, F., and Roelens, M.
Subjects: Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics
Abstract: Context. Gaia has been in operations since 2014. The third Gaia data release expands from the early data release (EDR3) in 2020 by providing 34 months of multi-epoch observations that allowed us to probe, characterise and classify systematically celestial variable phenomena. Aims. We present a summary of the variability processing and analysis of the photometric and spectroscopic time series of 1.8 billion sources done for Gaia DR3. Methods. We used statistical and Machine Learning methods to characterise and classify the variable sources. Training sets were built from a global revision of major published variable star catalogues. For a subset of classes, specific detailed studies were conducted to confirm their class membership and to derive parameters that are adapted to the peculiarity of the considered class. Results. In total, 10.5 million objects are identified as variable in Gaia DR3 and have associated time series in G, GBP, and GRP and, in some cases, radial velocity time series. The DR3 variable sources subdivide into 9.5 million variable stars and 1 million Active Galactic Nuclei/Quasars. In addition, supervised classification identified 2.5 million galaxies thanks to spurious variability induced by the extent of these objects. The variability analysis output in the DR3 archive amounts to 17 tables containing a total of 365 parameters. We publish 35 types and sub-types of variable objects. For 11 variable types, additional specific object parameters are published. An overview of the estimated completeness and contamination of most variability classes is provided. Conclusions. Thanks to Gaia we present the largest whole-sky variability analysis based on coherent photometric, astrometric, and spectroscopic data. Later Gaia data releases will more than double the span of time series and the number of observations, thus allowing for an even richer catalogue in the future., Comment: 18 pages, 12 figures, submitted to Astronomy & Astrophysics
Published: 2022
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10. Gaia DR3: Specific processing and validation of all-sky RR Lyrae and Cepheid stars -- The RR Lyrae sample

Author: Clementini, G., Ripepi, V., Garofalo, A., Molinaro, R., Muraveva, T., Leccia, S., Rimoldini, L., Holl, B., de Fombelle, G. Jevardat, Sartoretti, P., Marchal, O., Audard, M., Nienartowicz, K., Andrae, R., Marconi, M., Szabados, L., Evans, D. W., Lecoeur-Taibi, I., Mowlavi, N., Musella, I., and Eyer, L.
Subjects: Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics
Abstract: Gaia DR3 publishes a catalogue of full-sky RR Lyrae stars (RRLs) observed during the initial 34 months of science operations, that were processed through the Specific Object Study (SOS) pipeline for Cepheids and RRLs (SOS Cep&RRL) observed by Gaia. The SOS Cep&RRL validation of DR3 candidate RRLs relies on tools that include the Period (P) G-amplitude diagram and the P-phi21 and -phi31 parameters of the G light curve Fourier decomposition, based on a sample of bona fide known RRLs (Gold Sample). The SOS processing led to a catalogue of 271779 RRLs listed in the vari_rrlyrae table of DR3. By dropping sources that clearly are contaminants, or have an uncertain classification we produce the final catalogue of SOS-confirmed DR3 RRLs containing 270905 sources (174947 fundamental mode, 93952 first overtone and 2006 double-mode RRLs) confirmed and fully characterised by the SOS Cep&RRL pipeline. They are distributed all over the sky, including 95 globular clusters and 25 Milky Way companions. RVS time series radial velocities are also published for 1096 RRLs and 799 Cepheids. Of the 270905 DR3 RRLs, 200294 are already known in the literature and 70611 are, to the best of our knowledge, new discoveries by Gaia. An estimate of the interstellar absorption is published for 142660 fundamental-mode RRLs from a relation based on the G-band amplitude and the pulsation period. Metallicities derived from the Periods and the phi31 Fourier parameters of the G-light curves are also released for 133559 RRLs. The final Gaia DR3 catalogue of confirmed RRLs almost doubles the DR2 RRLs catalogue. An increase of statistical significance, a better characterization of the RRLs pulsational and astrophysical parameters, and the improved astrometry published with Gaia EDR3, make the SOS Cep&RRL DR3 sample, the largest, most homogeneous and parameter-rich catalogue of All-Sky RRLs published so far., Comment: 42 pages, 36 figures, submitted to A&A, revised version after the referee report
Published: 2022
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11. Gaia DR3: Specific processing and validation of all-sky RR Lyrae and Cepheid stars -- The Cepheid sample

Author: Ripepi, V., Clementini, G., Molinaro, R., Leccia, S., Plachy, E., Molnár, L., Rimoldini, L., Musella, I., Marconi, M., Garofalo, A., Audard, M., Holl, B., Evans, D. W., de Fombelle, G. Jevardat, Lecoeur-Taibi, I., Marchal, O., Mowlavi, N., Muraveva, T., Nienartowicz, K., Sartoretti, P., Szabados, L., and Eyer, L.
Subjects: Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies
Abstract: Context. Cepheids are pulsating stars that play a crucial role in several astrophysical contexts. Among the different types, the Classical Cepheids are fundamental tools for the calibration of the extragalactic distance ladder. They are also powerful stellar population tracers in the context of Galactic studies. The Gaia Third Data Release (DR3) publishes improved data on Cepheids collected during the initial 34 months of operations. Aims. We present the Gaia DR3 catalogue of Cepheids of all types, obtained through the analysis carried out with the Specific Object Study (SOS) Cep&RRL pipeline. Methods. We discuss the procedures adopted to clean the Cepheid sample from spurious objects, to validate the results, and to re-classify sources with a wrong outcome from the SOS Cep&RRL pipeline. Results. The Gaia DR3 includes multi-band time-series photometry and characterisation by the SOS Cep&RRL pipeline for a sample of 15,006 Cepheids of all types. The sample includes 4,663, 4,616, 321 and 185 pulsators, distributed in the LMC, SMC, M31 and M33, respectively, as well as 5 221 objects in the remaining All Sky sub-region which includes stars in the MW field/clusters and in a number of small satellites of our Galaxy. Among this sample, 327 objects were known as variable stars in the literature but with a different classification, while, to the best of our knowledge, 474 stars have not been reported before to be variable stars and therefore they likely are new Cepheids discovered by Gaia., Comment: This manuscript is one of the official papers planned to accompany Gaia DR3 in a special issue of Astronomy & Astrophysics. It includes 34 pages and 39 figures. Submitted to Astronomy & Astrophysics on May 10 2022
Published: 2022
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12. Gaia Data Release 3: Mapping the asymmetric disc of the Milky Way

Author: Gaia Collaboration, Drimmel, R., Romero-Gomez, M., Chemin, L., Ramos, P., Poggio, E., Ripepi, V., Andrae, R., Blomme, R., Cantat-Gaudin, T., Castro-Ginard, A., Clementini, G., Figueras, F., Fouesneau, M., Fremat, Y., Jardine, K., Khanna, S., Lobel, A., Marshall, D. J., Muraveva, T., Brown, A. G. A., Vallenari, A., Prusti, T., de Bruijne, J. H. J., Arenou, F., Babusiaux, C., Biermann, M., Creevey, O. L., Ducourant, C., Evans, D. W., Eyer, L., Guerra, R., Hutton, A., Jordi, C., Klioner, S. A., Lammers, U. L., Lindegren, L., Luri, X., Mignard, F., Panem, C., Pourbaix, D., Randich, S., Sartoretti, P., Soubiran, C., Tanga, P., Walton, N. A., Bailer-Jones, C. A. L., Bastian, U., Jansen, F., Katz, D., Lattanzi, M. G., van Leeuwen, F., Bakker, J., Cacciari, C., Castañeda, J., De Angeli, F., Fabricius, C., Galluccio, L., Guerrier, A., Heiter, U., Masana, E., Messineo, R., Mowlavi, N., Nicolas, C., Nienartowicz, K., Pailler, F., Panuzzo, P., Riclet, F., Roux, W., Seabroke, G. M., Sordoørcit, R., Thévenin, F., Gracia-Abril, G., Portell, J., Teyssier, D., Altmann, M., Audard, M., Bellas-Velidis, I., Benson, K., Berthier, J., Burgess, P. W., Busonero, D., Busso, G., Cánovas, H., Carry, B., Cellino, A., Cheek, N., Damerdji, Y., Davidson, M., de Teodoro, P., Campos, M. Nuñez, Delchambre, L., Dell'Oro, A., Esquej, P., Fernández-Hernández, J., Fraile, E., Garabato, D., García-Lario, P., Gosset, E., Haigron, R., Halbwachs, J. -L., Hambly, N. C., Harrison, D. L., Hernández, J., Hestroffer, D., Hodgkin, S. T., Holl, B., Janßen, K., de Fombelle, G. Jevardat, Jordan, S., Krone-Martins, A., Lanzafame, A. C., Löffler, W., Marchal, O., Marrese, P. M., Moitinho, A., Muinonen, K., Osborne, P., Pancino, E., Pauwels, T., Recio-Blanco, A., Reylé, C., Riello, M., Rimoldini, L., Roegiers, T., Rybizki, J., Sarro, L. M., Siopis, C., Smith, M., Sozzetti, A., Utrilla, E., van Leeuwen, M., Abbas, U., Ábrahám, P., Aramburu, A. Abreu, Aerts, C., Aguado, J. J., Ajaj, M., Aldea-Montero, F., Altavilla, G., Álvarez, M. A., Alves, J., Anders, F., Anderson, R. I., Varela, E. Anglada, Antoja, T., Baines, D., Baker, S. G., Balaguer-Núñez, L., Balbinot, E., Balog, Z., Barache, C., Barbato, D., Barros, M., Barstow, M. A., Bartolomé, S., Bassilana, J. -L., Bauchet, N., Becciani, U., Bellazzini, M., Berihuete, A., Bernet, M., Bertone, S., Bianchi, L., Binnenfeld, A., Blanco-Cuaresma, S., Blazere, A., Boch, T., Bombrun, A., Bossini, D., Bouquillon, S., Bragaglia, A., Bramante, L., Breedt, E., Bressan, A., Brouillet, N., Brugaletta, E., Bucciarelli, B., Burlacu, A., Butkevich, A. G., Buzzi, R., Caffau, E., Cancelliere, R., Carballo, R., Carlucci, T., Carnerero, M. I., Carrasco, J. M., Casamiquela, L., Castellani, M., Chaoul, L., Charlot, P., Chiaramida, V., Chiavassa, A., Chornay, N., Comoretto, G., Contursi, G., Cooper, W. J., Cornez, T., Cowell, S., Crifo, F., Cropper, M., Crosta, M., Crowley, C., Dafonte, C., Dapergolas, A., David, M., David, P., de Laverny, P., De Luise, F., De March, R., De Ridder, J., de Souza, R., de Torres, A., del Peloso, E. F., del Pozo, E., Delbo, M., Delgado, A., Delisle, J. -B., Demouchy, C., Dharmawardena, T. E., Di Matteo, P., Diakite, S., Diener, C., Distefano, E., Dolding, C., Edvardsson, B., Enke, H., Fabre, C., Fabrizio, M., Faigler, S., Fedorets, G., Fernique, P., Fienga, A., Fournier, Y., Fouron, C., Fragkoudi, F., Gai, M., Garcia-Gutierrez, A., Garcia-Reinaldos, M., García-Torres, M., Garofalo, A., Gavel, A., Gavras, P., Gerlach, E., Geyer, R., Giacobbe, P., Gilmore, G., Girona, S., Giuffrida, G., Gomel, R., Gomez, A., González-Núñez, J., González-Santamaría, I., González-Vidal, J. J., Granvik, M., Guillout, P., Guiraud, J., Gutiérrez-Sánchez, R., Guy, L. P., Hatzidimitriou, D., Hauser, M., Haywood, M., Helmer, A., Helmi, A., Sarmiento, M. H., Hidalgo, S. L., Hilger, T., Hładczuk, N., Hobbs, D., Holland, G., Huckle, H. E., Jasniewicz, G., Piccolo, A. Jean-Antoine, Jiménez-Arranz, Ó., Jorissen, A., Campillo, J. Juaristi, Julbe, F., Karbevska, L., Kervella, P., Kontizas, M., Kordopatis, G., Korn, A. J., Kóspál, Á, Kostrzewa-Rutkowska, Z., Kruszyńska, K., Kun, M., Laizeau, P., Lambert, S., Lanza, A. F., Lasne, Y., Campion, J. -F. Le, Lebreton, Y., Lebzelter, T., Leccia, S., Leclerc, N., Lecoeur-Taibi, I., Liao, S., Licata, E. L., Lindstrøm, H. E. P., Lister, T. A., Livanou, E., Lorca, A., Loup, C., Pardo, P. Madrero, Romeo, A. Magdaleno, Managau, S., Mann, R. G., Manteiga, M., Marchant, J. M., Marconi, M., Marcos, J., Santos, M. M. S. Marcos, Pina, D. Marín, Marinoni, S., Marocco, F., Polo, L. Martin, Martín-Fleitas, J. M., Marton, G., Mary, N., Masip, A., Massari, D., Mastrobuono-Battisti, A., Mazeh, T., McMillan, P. J., Messina, S., Michalik, D., Millar, N. R., Mints, A., Molina, D., Molinaro, R., Molnár, L., Monari, G., Monguió, M., Montegriffo, P., Montero, A., Mor, R., Mora, A., Morbidelli, R., Morel, T., Morris, D., Murphy, C. P., Musella, I., Nagy, Z., Noval, L., Ocaña, F., Ogden, A., Ordenovic, C., Osinde, J. O., Pagani, C., Pagano, I., Palaversa, L., Palicio, P. A., Pallas-Quintela, L., Panahi, A., Payne-Wardenaar, S., Esteller, X. Peñalosa, Penttilä, A., Pichon, B., Piersimoni, A. M., Pineau, F. -X., Plachy, E., Plum, G., Prša, A., Pulone, L., Racero, E., Ragaini, S., Rainer, M., Raiteri, C. M., Rambaux, N., Ramos-Lerate, M., Fiorentin, P. Re, Regibo, S., Richards, P. J., Diaz, C. Rios, Riva, A., Rix, H. -W., Rixon, G., Robichon, N., Robin, A. C., Robin, C., Roelens, M., Rogues, H. R. O., Rohrbasser, L., Rowell, N., Royer, F., Mieres, D. Ruz, Rybicki, K. A., Sadowski, G., Núñez, A. Sáez, Sellés, A. Sagristà, Sahlmann, J., Salguero, E., Samaras, N., Gimenez, V. Sanchez, Sanna, N., Santoveña, R., Sarasso, M., Schultheis, M., Sciacca, E., Segol, M., Segovia, J. C., Ségransan, D., Semeux, D., Shahaf, S., Siddiqui, H. I., Siebert, A., Siltala, L., Silvelo, A., Slezak, E., Slezak, I., Smart, R. L., Snaith, O. N., Solano, E., Solitro, F., Souami, D., Souchay, J., Spagna, A., Spina, L., Spoto, F., Steele, I. A., Steidelmüller, H., Stephenson, C. A., Süveges, M., Surdej, J., Szabados, L., Szegedi-Elek, E., Taris, F., Taylo, M. B., Teixeira, R., Tolomei, L., Tonello, N., Torra, F., Torra, J., Elipe, G. Torralba, Trabucchi, M., Tsounis, A. T., Turon, C., Ulla, A., Unger, N., Vaillant, M. V., van Dillen, E., van Reeven, W., Vanel, O., Vecchiato, A., Viala, Y., Vicente, D., Voutsinas, S., Weiler, M., Wevers, T., Wyrzykowski, L., Yoldas, A., Yvard, P., Zhao, H., Zorec, J., Zucker, S., and Zwitter, T.
Subjects: Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies
Abstract: With the most recent Gaia data release the number of sources with complete 6D phase space information (position and velocity) has increased to well over 33 million stars, while stellar astrophysical parameters are provided for more than 470 million sources, in addition to the identification of over 11 million variable stars. Using the astrophysical parameters and variability classifications provided in Gaia DR3, we select various stellar populations to explore and identify non-axisymmetric features in the disc of the Milky Way in both configuration and velocity space. Using more about 580 thousand sources identified as hot OB stars, together with 988 known open clusters younger than 100 million years, we map the spiral structure associated with star formation 4-5 kpc from the Sun. We select over 2800 Classical Cepheids younger than 200 million years, which show spiral features extending as far as 10 kpc from the Sun in the outer disc. We also identify more than 8.7 million sources on the red giant branch (RGB), of which 5.7 million have line-of-sight velocities, allowing the velocity field of the Milky Way to be mapped as far as 8 kpc from the Sun, including the inner disc. The spiral structure revealed by the young populations is consistent with recent results using Gaia EDR3 astrometry and source lists based on near infrared photometry, showing the Local (Orion) arm to be at least 8 kpc long, and an outer arm consistent with what is seen in HI surveys, which seems to be a continuation of the Perseus arm into the third quadrant. Meanwhile, the subset of RGB stars with velocities clearly reveals the large scale kinematic signature of the bar in the inner disc, as well as evidence of streaming motions in the outer disc that might be associated with spiral arms or bar resonances. (abridged), Comment: 35 pages, 27 figures, accepted for publication in A&A special Gaia DR3 issue. V2: abstract completed. V3: complete author list and link to data: https://drive.google.com/drive/u/1/folders/1yOJPjYmM7QK5XVsqaiSOTuwDQNti2LlZ
Published: 2022
Full Text: View/download PDF

13. Gaia Data Release 3: Pulsations in main sequence OBAF-type stars

Author: Gaia Collaboration, De Ridder, J., Ripepi, V., Aerts, C., Palaversa, L., Eyer, L., Holl, B., Audard, M., Rimoldini, L., Brown, A. G. A., Vallenari, A., Prusti, T., de Bruijne, J. H. J., Arenou, F., Babusiaux, C., Biermann, M., Creevey, O. L., Ducourant, C., Evans, D. W., Guerra, R., Hutton, A., Jordi, C., Klioner, S. A., Lammers, U. L., Lindegren, L., Luri, X., Mignard, F., Panem, C., Pourbaix, D., Randich, S., Sartoretti, P., Soubiran, C., Tanga, P., Walton, N. A., Bailer-Jones, C. A. L., Bastian, U., Drimmel, R., Jansen, F., Katz, D., Lattanzi, M. G., van Leeuwen, F., Bakker, J., Cacciari, C., Castañeda, J., De Angeli, F., Fabricius, C., Fouesneau, M., Frémat, Y., Galluccio, L., Guerrier, A., Heiter, U., Masana, E., Messineo, R., Mowlavi, N., Nicolas, C., Nienartowicz, K., Pailler, F., Panuzzo, P., Riclet, F., Roux, W., Seabroke, G. M., Sordo, R., Thévenin, F., Gracia-Abril, G., Portell, J., Teyssier, D., Altmann, M., Andrae, R., Bellas-Velidis, I., Benson, K., Berthier, J., Blomme, R., Burgess, P. W., Busonero, D., Busso, G., Cánovas, H., Carry, B., Cellino, A., Cheek, N., Clementini, G., Damerdji, Y., Davidson, M., de Teodoro, P., Campos, M. Nuñez, Delchambre, L., Dell'Oro, A., Esquej, P., Fernández-Hernández, J., Fraile, E., Garabato, D., García-Lario, P., Gosset, E., Haigron, R., Halbwachs, J. -L., Hambly, N. C., Harrison, D. L., Hernández, J., Hestroffer, D., Hilger, T., Hodgkin, S. T., Janßen, K., de Fombelle, G. Jevardat, Jordan, S., Krone-Martins, A., Lanzafame, A. C., Löffler, W., Marchal, O., Marrese, P. M., Moitinho, A., Muinonen, K., Osborne, P., Pancino, E., Pauwels, T., Recio-Blanco, A., Reylé, C., Riello, M., Roegiers, T., Rybizki, J., Sarro, L. M., Siopis, C., Smith, M., Sozzetti, A., Utrilla, E., van Leeuwen, M., Abbas, U., Ábrahám, P., Aramburu, A. Abreu, Aguado, J. J., Ajaj, M., Aldea-Montero, F., Altavilla, G., Álvarez, M. A., Alves, J., Anders, F., Anderson, R. I., Varela, E. Anglada, Antoja, T., Baines, D., Baker, S. G., Balaguer-Núñez, L., Balbinot, E., Balog, Z., Barache, C., Barbato, D., Barros, M., Barstow, M. A., Bartolomé, S., Bassilana, J. -L., Bauchet, N., Becciani, U., Bellazzini, M., Berihuete, A., Bernet, M., Bertone, S., Bianchi, L., Binnenfeld, A., Blanco-Cuaresma, S., Boch, T., Bombrun, A., Bossini, D., Bouquillon, S., Bragaglia, A., Bramante, L., Breedt, E., Bressan, A., Brouillet, N., Brugaletta, E., Bucciarelli, B., Burlacu, A., Butkevich, A. G., Buzzi, R., Caffau, E., Cancelliere, R., Cantat-Gaudin, T., Carballo, R., Carlucci, T., Carnerero, M. I., Carrasco, J. M., Casamiquela, L., Castellani, M., Castro-Ginard, A., Chaoul, L., Charlot, P., Chemin, L., Chiaramida, V., Chiavassa, A., Chornay, N., Comoretto, G., Contursi, G., Cooper, W. J., Cornez, T., Cowell, S., Crifo, F., Cropper, M., Crosta, M., Crowley, C., Dafonte, C., Dapergolas, A., David, P., de Laverny, P., De Luise, F., De March, R., de Souza, R., de Torres, A., del Peloso, E. F., del Pozo, E., Delbo, M., Delgado, A., Delisle, J. -B., Demouchy, C., Dharmawardena, T. E., Diakite, S., Diener, C., Distefano, E., Dolding, C., Enke, H., Fabre, C., Fabrizio, M., Faigler, S., Fedorets, G., Fernique, P., Figueras, F., Fournier, Y., Fouron, C., Fragkoudi, F., Gai, M., Garcia-Gutierrez, A., Garcia-Reinaldos, M., García-Torres, M., Garofalo, A., Gavel, A., Gavras, P., Gerlach, E., Geyer, R., Giacobbe, P., Gilmore, G., Girona, S., Giuffrida, G., Gomel, R., Gomez, A., González-Núñez, J., González-Santamaría, I., González-Vidal, J. J., Granvik, M., Guillout, P., Guiraud, J., Gutiérrez-Sánchez, R., Guy, L. P., Hatzidimitriou, D., Hauser, M., Haywood, M., Helmer, A., Helmi, A., Sarmiento, M. H., Hidalgo, S. L., Hładczuk, N., Hobbs, D., Holland, G., Huckle, H. E., Jardine, K., Jasniewicz, G., Piccolo, A. Jean-Antoine, Jiménez-Arranz, Ó., Campillo, J. Juaristi, Julbe, F., Karbevska, L., Kervella, P., Khanna, S., Kordopatis, G., Korn, A. J., Kóspál, Á, Kostrzewa-Rutkowska, Z., Kruszyńska, K., Kun, M., Laizeau, P., Lambert, S., Lanza, A. F., Lasne, Y., Campion, J. -F. Le, Lebreton, Y., Lebzelter, T., Leccia, S., Leclerc, N., Lecoeur-Taibi, I., Liao, S., Licata, E. L., Lindstrøm, H. E. P., Lister, T. A., Livanou, E., Lobel, A., Lorca, A., Loup, C., Pardo, P. Madrero, Romeo, A. Magdaleno, Managau, S., Mann, R. G., Manteiga, M., Marchant, J. M., Marconi, M., Marcos, J., Santos, M. M. S. Marcos, Pina, D. Marín, Marinoni, S., Marocco, F., Marshall, D. J., Polo, L. Martin, Martín-Fleitas, J. M., Marton, G., Mary, N., Masip, A., Massari, D., Mastrobuono-Battisti, A., Mazeh, T., McMillan, P. J., Messina, S., Michalik, D., Millar, N. R., Mints, A., Molina, D., Molinaro, R., Molnár, L., Monari, G., Monguió, M., Montegriffo, P., Montero, A., Mor, R., Mora, A., Morbidelli, R., Morel, T., Morris, D., Muraveva, T., Murphy, C. P., Musella, I., Nagy, Z., Noval, L., Ocaña, F., Ogden, A., Ordenovic, C., Osinde, J. O., Pagani, C., Pagano, I., Palicio, P. A., Pallas-Quintela, L., Panahi, A., Payne-Wardenaar, S., Esteller, X. Peñalosa, Penttilä, A., Pichon, B., Piersimoni, A. M., Pineau, F. -X., Plachy, E., Plum, G., Poggio, E., Prša, A., Pulone, L., Racero, E., Ragaini, S., Rainer, M., Raiteri, C. M., Ramos, P., Ramos-Lerate, M., Fiorentin, P. Re, Regibo, S., Richards, P. J., Diaz, C. Rios, Riva, A., Rix, H. -W., Rixon, G., Robichon, N., Robin, A. C., Robin, C., Roelens, M., Rogues, H. R. O., Rohrbasser, L., Romero-Gómez, M., Rowell, N., Royer, F., Mieres, D. Ruz, Rybicki, K. A., Sadowski, G., Núñez, A. Sáez, Sellés, A. Sagristà, Sahlmann, J., Salguero, E., Samaras, N., Gimenez, V. Sanchez, Sanna, N., Santoveña, R., Sarasso, M., Schultheis, M., Sciacca, E., Segol, M., Segovia, J. C., Ségransan, D., Semeux, D., Shahaf, S., Siddiqui, H. I., Siebert, A., Siltala, L., Silvelo, A., Slezak, E., Slezak, I., Smart, R. L., Snaith, O. N., Solano, E., Solitro, F., Souami, D., Souchay, J., Spagna, A., Spina, L., Spoto, F., Steele, I. A., Steidelmüller, H., Stephenson, C. A., Süveges, M., Surdej, J., Szabados, L., Szegedi-Elek, E., Taris, F., Taylor, M. B., Teixeira, R., Tolomei, L., Tonello, N., Torra, F., Torra, J., Elipe, G. Torralba, Trabucchi, M., Tsounis, A. T., Turon, C., Ulla, A., Unger, N., Vaillant, M. V., van Dillen, E., van Reeven, W., Vanel, O., Vecchiato, A., Viala, Y., Vicente, D., Voutsinas, S., Weiler, M., Wevers, T., Wyrzykowski, Ł., Yoldas, A., Yvard, P., Zhao, H., Zorec, J., Zucker, S., and Zwitter, T.
Subjects: Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics
Abstract: The third Gaia data release provides photometric time series covering 34 months for about 10 million stars. For many of those stars, a characterisation in Fourier space and their variability classification are also provided. This paper focuses on intermediate- to high-mass (IHM) main sequence pulsators M >= 1.3 Msun) of spectral types O, B, A, or F, known as beta Cep, slowly pulsating B (SPB), delta Sct, and gamma Dor stars. These stars are often multi-periodic and display low amplitudes, making them challenging targets to analyse with sparse time series. All datasets used in this analysis are part of the Gaia DR3 data release. The photometric time series were used to perform a Fourier analysis, while the global astrophysical parameters necessary for the empirical instability strips were taken from the Gaia DR3 gspphot tables, and the vsini data were taken from the Gaia DR3 esphs tables. We show that for nearby OBAF-type pulsators, the Gaia DR3 data are precise and accurate enough to pinpoint them in the Hertzsprung-Russell diagram. We find empirical instability strips covering broader regions than theoretically predicted. In particular, our study reveals the presence of fast rotating gravity-mode pulsators outside the strips, as well as the co-existence of rotationally modulated variables inside the strips as reported before in the literature. We derive an extensive period-luminosity relation for delta Sct stars and provide evidence that the relation features different regimes depending on the oscillation period. Finally, we demonstrate how stellar rotation attenuates the amplitude of the dominant oscillation mode of delta Sct stars.
Published: 2022
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14. Gaia Data Release 3: A Golden Sample of Astrophysical Parameters

Author: Gaia Collaboration, Creevey, O. L., Sarro, L. M., Lobel, A., Pancino, E., Andrae, R., Smart, R. L., Clementini, G., Heiter, U., Korn, A. J., Fouesneau, M., Frémat, Y., De Angeli, F., Vallenari, A., Harrison, D. L., Thévenin, F., Reylé, C., Sordo, R., Garofalo, A., Brown, A. G. A., Eyer, L., Prusti, T., de Bruijne, J. H. J., Arenou, F., Babusiaux, C., Biermann, M., Ducourant, C., Evans, D. W., Guerra, R., Hutton, A., Jordi, C., Klioner, S. A., Lammers, U. L., Lindegren, L., Luri, X., Mignard, F., Panem, C., Pourbaix, D., Randich, S., Sartoretti, P., Soubiran, C., Tanga, P., Walton, N. A., Bailer-Jones, C. A. L., Bastian, U., Drimmel, R., Jansen, F., Katz, D., Lattanzi, M. G., van Leeuwen, F., Bakker, J., Cacciari, C., Castañeda, J., Fabricius, C., Galluccio, L., Guerrier, A., Masana, E., Messineo, R., Mowlavi, N., Nicolas, C., Nienartowicz, K., Pailler, F., Panuzzo, P., Riclet, F., Roux, W., Seabroke, G. M., Gracia-Abril, G., Portell, J., Teyssier, D., Altmann, M., Audard, M., Bellas-Velidis, I., Benson, K., Berthier, J., Blomme, R., Burgess, P. W., Busonero, D., Busso, G., Cánovas, H., Carry, B., Cellino, A., Cheek, N., Damerdji, Y., Davidson, M., de Teodoro, P., Campos, M. Nuñez, Delchambre, L., Dell'Oro, A., Esquej, P., Fernández-Hernández, J., Fraile, E., Garabato, D., García-Lario, P., Gosset, E., Haigron, R., Halbwachs, J. -L., Hambly, N. C., Hernández, J., Hestroffer, D., Hodgkin, S. T., Holl, B., Janßen, K., de Fombelle, G. Jevardat, Jordan, S., Krone-Martins, A., Lanzafame, A. C., Löffler, W., Marchal, O., Marrese, P. M., Moitinho, A., Muinonen, K., Osborne, P., Pauwels, T., Recio-Blanco, A., Riello, M., Rimoldini, L., Roegiers, T., Rybizki, J., Siopis, C., Smith, M., Sozzetti, A., Utrilla, E., van Leeuwen, M., Abbas, U., Ábrahám, P., Aramburu, A. Abreu, Aerts, C., Aguado, J. J., Ajaj, M., Aldea-Montero, F., Altavilla, G., Álvarez, M. A., Alves, J., Anders, F., Anderson, R. I., Varela, E. Anglada, Antoja, T., Baines, D., Baker, S. G., Balaguer-Núñez, L., Balbinot, E., Balog, Z., Barache, C., Barbato, D., Barros, M., Barstow, M. A., Bartolomé, S., Bassilana, J. -L., Bauchet, N., Becciani, U., Bellazzini, M., Berihuete, A., Bernet, M., Bertone, S., Bianchi, L., Binnenfeld, A., Blanco-Cuaresma, S., Boch, T., Bombrun, A., Bossini, D., Bouquillon, S., Bragaglia, A., Bramante, L., Breedt, E., Bressan, A., Brouillet, N., Brugaletta, E., Bucciarelli, B., Burlacu, A., Butkevich, A. G., Buzzi, R., Caffau, E., Cancelliere, R., Cantat-Gaudin, T., Carballo, R., Carlucci, T., Carnerero, M. I., Carrasco, J. M., Casamiquela, L., Castellani, M., Castro-Ginard, A., Chaoul, L., Charlot, P., Chemin, L., Chiaramida, V., Chiavassa, A., Chornay, N., Comoretto, G., Contursi, G., Cooper, W. J., Cornez, T., Cowell, S., Crifo, F., Cropper, M., Crosta, M., Crowley, C., Dafonte, C., Dapergolas, A., David, P., de Laverny, P., De Luise, F., De March, R., De Ridder, J., de Souza, R., de Torres, A., del Peloso, E. F., del Pozo, E., Delbo, M., Delgado, A., Delisle, J. -B., Demouchy, C., Dharmawardena, T. E., Di Matteo, P., Diakite, S., Diener, C., Distefano, E., Dolding, C., Enke, H., Fabre, C., Fabrizio, M., Faigler, S., Fedorets, G., Fernique, P., Figueras, F., Fournier, Y., Fouron, C., Fragkoudi, F., Gai, M., Garcia-Gutierrez, A., Garcia-Reinaldos, M., García-Torres, M., Gavel, A., Gavras, P., Gerlach, E., Geyer, R., Giacobbe, P., Gilmore, G., Girona, S., Giuffrida, G., Gomel, R., Gomez, A., González-Núñez, J., González-Santamaría, I., González-Vidal, J. J., Granvik, M., Guillout, P., Guiraud, J., Gutiérrez-Sánchez, R., Guy, L. P., Hatzidimitriou, D., Hauser, M., Haywood, M., Helmer, A., Helmi, A., Sarmiento, M. H., Hidalgo, S. L., Hładczuk, N., Hobbs, D., Holland, G., Huckle, H. E., Jardine, K., Jasniewicz, G., Piccolo, A. Jean-Antoine, Jiménez-Arranz, Ó., Campillo, J. Juaristi, Julbe, F., Karbevska, L., Kervella, P., Khanna, S., Kordopatis, G., Kóspál, Á, Kostrzewa-Rutkowska, Z., Kruszyńska, K., Kun, M., Laizeau, P., Lambert, S., Lanza, A. F., Lasne, Y., Campion, J. -F. Le, Lebreton, Y., Lebzelter, T., Leccia, S., Leclerc, N., Lecoeur-Taibi, I., Liao, S., Licata, E. L., Lindstrøm, H. E. P., Lister, T. A., Livanou, E., Lorca, A., Loup, C., Pardo, P. Madrero, Romeo, A. Magdaleno, Managau, S., Mann, R. G., Manteiga, M., Marchant, J. M., Marconi, M., Marcos, J., Santos, M. M. S. Marcos, Pina, D. Marín, Marinoni, S., Marocco, F., Marshall, D. J., Polo, L. Martin, Martín-Fleitas, J. M., Marton, G., Mary, N., Masip, A., Massari, D., Mastrobuono-Battisti, A., Mazeh, T., McMillan, P. J., Messina, S., Michalik, D., Millar, N. R., Mints, A., Molina, D., Molinaro, R., Molnár, L., Monari, G., Monguió, M., Montegriffo, P., Montero, A., Mor, R., Mora, A., Morbidelli, R., Morel, T., Morris, D., Muraveva, T., Murphy, C. P., Musella, I., Nagy, Z., Noval, L., Ocaña, F., Ogden, A., Ordenovic, C., Osinde, J. O., Pagani, C., Pagano, I., Palaversa, L., Palicio, P. A., Pallas-Quintela, L., Panahi, A., Payne-Wardenaar, S., Esteller, X. Peñalosa, Penttilä, A., Pichon, B., Piersimoni, A. M., Pineau, F. -X., Plachy, E., Plum, G., Poggio, E., Prša, A., Pulone, L., Racero, E., Ragaini, S., Rainer, M., Raiteri, C. M., Ramos, P., Ramos-Lerate, M., Fiorentin, P. Re, Regibo, S., Richards, P. J., Diaz, C. Rios, Ripepi, V., Riva, A., Rix, H. -W., Rixon, G., Robichon, N., Robin, A. C., Robin, C., Roelens, M., Rogues, H. R. O., Rohrbasser, L., Romero-Gómez, M., Rowell, N., Royer, F., Mieres, D. Ruz, Rybicki, K. A., Sadowski, G., Núñez, A. Sáez, Sellés, A. Sagristà, Sahlmann, J., Salguero, E., Samaras, N., Gimenez, V. Sanchez, Sanna, N., Santoveña, R., Sarasso, M., Schultheis, M., Sciacca, E., Segol, M., Segovia, J. C., Ségransan, D., Semeux, D., Shahaf, S., Siddiqui, H. I., Siebert, A., Siltala, L., Silvelo, A., Slezak, E., Slezak, I., Snaith, O. N., Solano, E., Solitro, F., Souami, D., Souchay, J., Spagna, A., Spina, L., Spoto, F., Steele, I. A., Steidelmüller, H., Stephenson, C. A., Süveges, M., Surdej, J., Szabados, L., Szegedi-Elek, E., Taris, F., Taylor, M. B., Teixeira, R., Tolomei, L., Tonello, N., Torra, F., Torra, J., Elipe, G. Torralba, Trabucchi, M., Tsounis, A. T., Turon, C., Ulla, A., Unger, N., Vaillant, M. V., van Dillen, E., van Reeven, W., Vanel, O., Vecchiato, A., Viala, Y., Vicente, D., Voutsinas, S., Weiler, M., Wevers, T., Wyrzykowski, Ł., Yoldas, A., Yvard, P., Zhao, H., Zorec, J., Zucker, S., and Zwitter, T.
Subjects: Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics
Abstract: Gaia Data Release 3 (DR3) provides a wealth of new data products for the astronomical community to exploit, including astrophysical parameters for a half billion stars. In this work we demonstrate the high quality of these data products and illustrate their use in different astrophysical contexts. We query the astrophysical parameter tables along with other tables in Gaia DR3 to derive the samples of the stars of interest. We validate our results by using the Gaia catalogue itself and by comparison with external data. We have produced six homogeneous samples of stars with high quality astrophysical parameters across the HR diagram for the community to exploit. We first focus on three samples that span a large parameter space: young massive disk stars (~3M), FGKM spectral type stars (~3M), and UCDs (~20K). We provide these sources along with additional information (either a flag or complementary parameters) as tables that are made available in the Gaia archive. We furthermore identify 15740 bone fide carbon stars, 5863 solar-analogues, and provide the first homogeneous set of stellar parameters of the Spectro Photometric Standard Stars. We use a subset of the OBA sample to illustrate its usefulness to analyse the Milky Way rotation curve. We then use the properties of the FGKM stars to analyse known exoplanet systems. We also analyse the ages of some unseen UCD-companions to the FGKM stars. We additionally predict the colours of the Sun in various passbands (Gaia, 2MASS, WISE) using the solar-analogue sample., Comment: 35 pages, (incl 6 pages references, acknowledgements, affiliations), 37 figures, A&A accepted
Published: 2022
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15. Gaia Data Release 3: The extragalactic content

Author: Gaia Collaboration, Bailer-Jones, C. A. L., Teyssier, D., Delchambre, L., Ducourant, C., Garabato, D., Hatzidimitriou, D., Klioner, S. A., Rimoldini, L., Bellas-Velidis, I., Carballo, R., Carnerero, M. I., Diener, C., Fouesneau, M., Galluccio, L., Gavras, P., Krone-Martins, A., Raiteri, C. M., Teixeira, R., Brown, A. G. A., Vallenari, A., Prusti, T., de Bruijne, J. H. J., Arenou, F., Babusiaux, C., Biermann, M., Creevey, O. L., Evans, D. W., Eyer, L., Guerra, R., Hutton, A., Jordi, C., Lammers, U. L., Lindegren, L., Luri, X., Mignard, F., Panem, C., Pourbaix, D., Randich, S., Sartoretti, P., Soubiran, C., Tanga, P., Walton, N. A., Bastian, U., Drimmel, R., Jansen, F., Katz, D., Lattanzi, M. G., van Leeuwen, F., Bakker, J., Cacciari, C., Castañeda, J., De Angeli, F., Fabricius, C., Frémat, Y., Guerrier, A., Heiter, U., Masana, E., Messineo, R., Mowlavi, N., Nicolas, C., Nienartowicz, K., Pailler, F., Panuzzo, P., Riclet, F., Roux, W., Seabroke, G. M., Sordo, R., Thévenin, F., Gracia-Abril, G., Portell, J., Altmann, M., Andrae, R., Audard, M., Benson, K., Berthier, J., Blomme, R., Burgess, P. W., Busonero, D., Busso, G., Cánovas, H., Carry, B., Cellino, A., Cheek, N., Clementini, G., Damerdji, Y., Davidson, M., de Teodoro, P., Campos, M. Nuñez, Dell'Oro, A., Esquej, P., Fernández-Hernández, J., Fraile, E., García-Lario, P., Gosset, E., Haigron, R., Halbwachs, J. -L., Hambly, N. C., Harrison, D. L., Hernández, J., Hestroffer, D., Hodgkin, S. T., Holl, B., Janßen, K., de Fombelle, G. Jevardat, Jordan, S., Lanzafame, A. C., Löffler, W., Marchal, O., Marrese, P. M., Moitinho, A., Muinonen, K., Osborne, P., Pancino, E., Pauwels, T., Recio-Blanco, A., Reylé, C., Riello, M., Roegiers, T., Rybizki, J., Sarro, L. M., Siopis, C., Smith, M., Sozzetti, A., Utrilla, E., van Leeuwen, M., Abbas, U., Ábrahám, P., Aramburu, A. Abreu, Aerts, C., Aguado, J. J., Ajaj, M., Aldea-Montero, F., Altavilla, G., Álvarez, M. A., Alves, J., Anderson, R. I., Varela, E. Anglada, Antoja, T., Baines, D., Baker, S. G., Balaguer-Núñez, L., Balbinot, E., Balog, Z., Barache, C., Barbato, D., Barros, M., Barstow, M. A., Bartolomé, S., Bassilana, J. -L., Bauchet, N., Becciani, U., Bellazzini, M., Berihuete, A., Bernet, M., Bertone, S., Bianchi, L., Binnenfeld, A., Blanco-Cuaresma, S., Boch, T., Bombrun, A., Bossini, D., Bouquillon, S., Bragaglia, A., Bramante, L., Breedt, E., Bressan, A., Brouillet, N., Brugaletta, E., Bucciarelli, B., Burlacu, A., Butkevich, A. G., Buzzi, R., Caffau, E., Cancelliere, R., Cantat-Gaudin, T., Carlucci, T., Carrasco, J. M., Casamiquela, L., Castellani, M., Castro-Ginard, A., Chaoul, L., Charlot, P., Chemin, L., Chiaramida, V., Chiavassa, A., Chornay, N., Comoretto, G., Contursi, G., Cooper, W. J., Cornez, T., Cowell, S., Crifo, F., Cropper, M., Crosta, M., Crowley, C., Dafonte, C., Dapergolas, A., David, P., de Laverny, P., De Luise, F., De March, R., De Ridder, J., de Souza, R., de Torres, A., del Peloso, E. F., del Pozo, E., Delbo, M., Delgado, A., Delisle, J. -B., Demouchy, C., Dharmawardena, T. E., Diakite, S., Distefano, E., Dolding, C., Enke, H., Fabre, C., Fabrizio, M., Faigler, S., Fedorets, G., Fernique, P., Figueras, F., Fournier, Y., Fouron, C., Fragkoudi, F., Gai, M., Garcia-Gutierrez, A., Garcia-Reinaldos, M., García-Torres, M., Garofalo, A., Gavel, A., Gerlach, E., Geyer, R., Giacobbe, P., Gilmore, G., Girona, S., Giuffrida, G., Gomel, R., Gomez, A., González-Núñez, J., González-Santamaría, I., González-Vidal, J. J., Granvik, M., Guillout, P., Guiraud, J., Gutiérrez-Sánchez, R., Guy, L. P., Hauser, M., Haywood, M., Helmer, A., Helmi, A., Sarmiento, M. H., Hidalgo, S. L., Hładczuk, N., Hobbs, D., Holland, G., Huckle, H. E., Jardine, K., Jasniewicz, G., Piccolo, A. Jean-Antoine, Jiménez-Arranz, Ó., Campillo, J. Juaristi, Julbe, F., Karbevska, L., Kervella, P., Khanna, S., Kontizas, M., Kordopatis, G., Korn, A. J., Kóspál, Á, Kostrzewa-Rutkowska, Z., Kruszyńska, K., Kun, M., Laizeau, P., Lambert, S., Lanza, A. F., Lasne, Y., Campion, J. -F. Le, Lebreton, Y., Lebzelter, T., Leccia, S., Leclerc, N., Lecoeur-Taibi, I., Liao, S., Licata, E. L., Lindstrøm, H. E. P., Lister, T. A., Livanou, E., Lobel, A., Lorca, A., Loup, C., Pardo, P. Madrero, Romeo, A. Magdaleno, Managau, S., Mann, R. G., Manteiga, M., Marchant, J. M., Marconi, M., Marcos, J., Santos, M. M. S. Marcos, Pina, D. Marín, Marinoni, S., Marocco, F., Marshall, D. J., Polo, L. Martin, Martín-Fleitas, J. M., Marton, G., Mary, N., Masip, A., Massari, D., Mastrobuono-Battisti, A., Mazeh, T., McMillan, P. J., Messina, S., Michalik, D., Millar, N. R., Mints, A., Molina, D., Molinaro, R., Molnár, L., Monari, G., Monguió, M., Montegriffo, P., Montero, A., Mor, R., Mora, A., Morbidelli, R., Morel, T., Morris, D., Muraveva, T., Murphy, C. P., Musella, I., Nagy, Z., Noval, L., Ocaña, F., Ogden, A., Ordenovic, C., Osinde, J. O., Pagani, C., Pagano, I., Palaversa, L., Palicio, P. A., Pallas-Quintela, L., Panahi, A., Payne-Wardenaar, S., Esteller, X. Peñalosa, Penttilä, A., Pichon, B., Piersimoni, A. M., Pineau, F. -X., Plachy, E., Plum, G., Poggio, E., Prša, A., Pulone, L., Racero, E., Ragaini, S., Rainer, M., Ramos, P., Ramos-Lerate, M., Fiorentin, P. Re, Regibo, S., Richards, P. J., Diaz, C. Rios, Ripepi, V., Riva, A., Rix, H. -W., Rixon, G., Robichon, N., Robin, A. C., Robin, C., Roelens, M., Rogues, H. R. O., Rohrbasser, L., Romero-Gómez, M., Rowell, N., Royer, F., Mieres, D. Ruz, Rybicki, K. A., Sadowski, G., Núñez, A. Sáez, Sellés, A. Sagristà, Sahlmann, J., Salguero, E., Samaras, N., Gimenez, V. Sanchez, Sanna, N., Santoveña, R., Sarasso, M., Schultheis, M. S., Sciacca, E., Segol, M., Segovia, J. C., Ségransan, D., Semeux, D., Shahaf, S., Siddiqui, H. I., Siebert, A., Siltala, L., Silvelo, A., Slezak, E., Slezak, I., Smart, R. L., Snaith, O. N., Solano, E., Solitro, F., Souami, D., Souchay, J., Spagna, A., Spina, L., Spoto, F., Steele, I. A., Steidelmüller, H., Stephenson, C. A., Süveges, M., Surdej, J., Szabados, L., Szegedi-Elek, E., Taris, F., Taylor, M. B., Tolomei, L., Tonello, N., Torra, F., Torra, J., Elipe, G. Torralba, Trabucchi, M., Tsounis, A. T., Turon, C., Ulla, A., Unger, N., Vaillant, M. V., van Dillen, E., van Reeven, W., Vanel, O., Vecchiato, A., Viala, Y., Vicente, D., Voutsinas, S., Weiler, M., Wevers, T., Wyrzykowski, Ł., Yoldas, A., Yvard, P., Zhao, H., Zorec, J., Zucker, S., and Zwitter, T.
Subjects: Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies
Abstract: The Gaia Galactic survey mission is designed and optimized to obtain astrometry, photometry, and spectroscopy of nearly two billion stars in our Galaxy. Yet as an all-sky multi-epoch survey, Gaia also observes several million extragalactic objects down to a magnitude of G~21 mag. Due to the nature of the Gaia onboard selection algorithms, these are mostly point-source-like objects. Using data provided by the satellite, we have identified quasar and galaxy candidates via supervised machine learning methods, and estimate their redshifts using the low resolution BP/RP spectra. We further characterise the surface brightness profiles of host galaxies of quasars and of galaxies from pre-defined input lists. Here we give an overview of the processing of extragalactic objects, describe the data products in Gaia DR3, and analyse their properties. Two integrated tables contain the main results for a high completeness, but low purity (50-70%), set of 6.6 million candidate quasars and 4.8 million candidate galaxies. We provide queries that select purer sub-samples of these containing 1.9 million probable quasars and 2.9 million probable galaxies (both 95% purity). We also use high quality BP/RP spectra of 43 thousand high probability quasars over the redshift range 0.05-4.36 to construct a composite quasar spectrum spanning restframe wavelengths from 72-100 nm., Comment: Accepted to A&A
Published: 2022
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16. Gaia Data Release 3: Stellar multiplicity, a teaser for the hidden treasure

Author: Gaia Collaboration, Arenou, F., Babusiaux, C., Barstow, M. A., Faigler, S., Jorissen, A., Kervella, P., Mazeh, T., Mowlavi, N., Panuzzo, P., Sahlmann, J., Shahaf, S., Sozzetti, A., Bauchet, N., Damerdji, Y., Gavras, P., Giacobbe, P., Gosset, E., Halbwachs, J. -L., Holl, B., Lattanzi, M. G., Leclerc, N., Morel, T., Pourbaix, D., Fiorentin, P. Re, Sadowski, G., Ségransan, D., Siopis, C., Teyssier, D., Zwitter, T., Planquart, L., Brown, A. G. A., Vallenari, A., Prusti, T., de Bruijne, J. H. J., Biermann, M., Creevey, O. L., Ducourant, C., Evans, D. W., Eyer, L., Guerra, R., Hutton, A., Jordi, C., Klioner, S. A., Lammers, U. L., Lindegren, L., Luri, X., Mignard, F., Panem, C., Randich, S., Sartoretti, P., Soubiran, C., Tanga, P., Walton, N. A., Bailer-Jones, C. A. L., Bastian, U., Drimmel, R., Jansen, F., Katz, D., van Leeuwen, F., Bakker, J., Cacciari, C., Castañeda, J., De Angeli, F., Fabricius, C., Fouesneau, M., Frémat, Y., Galluccio, L., Guerrier, A., Heiter, U., Masana, E., Messineo, R., Nicolas, C., Nienartowicz, K., Pailler, F., Riclet, F., Roux, W., Seabroke, G. M., Sordo, R., Thévenin, F., Gracia-Abril, G., Portell, J., Altmann, M., Andrae, R., Audard, M., Bellas-Velidis, I., Benson, K., Berthier, J., Blomme, R., Burgess, P. W., Busonero, D., Busso, G., Cánovas, H., Carry, B., Cellino, A., Cheek, N., Clementini, G., Davidson, M., de Teodoro, P., Campos, M. Nuñez, Delchambre, L., Dell'Oro, A., Esquej, P., Fernández-Hernández, J., Fraile, E., Garabato, D., García-Lario, P., Haigron, R., Hambly, N. C., Harrison, D. L., Hernández, J., Hestroffer, D., Hodgkin, S. T., Janßen, K., de Fombelle, G. Jevardat, Jordan, S., Krone-Martins, A., Lanzafame, A. C., Löffler, W., Marchal, O., Marrese, P. M., Moitinho, A., Muinonen, K., Osborne, P., Pancino, E., Pauwels, T., Recio-Blanco, A., Reylé, C., Riello, M., Rimoldini, L., Roegiers, T., Rybizki, J., Sarro, L. M., Smith, M., Utrilla, E., van Leeuwen, M., Abbas, U., Ábrahám, P., Aramburu, A. Abreu, Aerts, C., Aguado, J. J., Ajaj, M., Aldea-Montero, F., Altavilla, G., Álvarez, M. A., Alves, J., Anders, F., Anderson, R. I., Varela, E. Anglada, Antoja, T., Baines, D., Baker, S. G., Balaguer-Núñez, L., Balbinot, E., Balog, Z., Barache, C., Barbato, D., Barros, M., Bartolomé, S., Bassilana, J. -L., Becciani, U., Bellazzini, M., Berihuete, A., Bernet, M., Bertone, S., Bianchi, L., Binnenfeld, A., Blanco-Cuaresma, S., Blazere, A., Boch, T., Bombrun, A., Bossini, D., Bouquillon, S., Bragaglia, A., Bramante, L., Breedt, E., Bressan, A., Brouillet, N., Brugaletta, E., Bucciarelli, B., Burlacu, A., Butkevich, A. G., Buzzi, R., Caffau, E., Cancelliere, R., Cantat-Gaudin, T., Carballo, R., Carlucci, T., Carnerero, M. I., Carrasco, J. M., Casamiquela, L., Castellani, M., Castro-Ginard, A., Chaoul, L., Charlot, P., Chemin, L., Chiaramida, V., Chiavassa, A., Chornay, N., Comoretto, G., Contursi, G., Cooper, W. J., Cornez, T., Cowell, S., Crifo, F., Cropper, M., Crosta, M., Crowley, C., Dafonte, C., Dapergolas, A., David, P., de Laverny, P., De Luise, F., De March, R., De Ridder, J., de Souza, R., de Torres, A., del Peloso, E. F., del Pozo, E., Delbo, M., Delgado, A., Delisle, J. -B., Demouchy, C., Dharmawardena, T. E., Diakite, S., Diener, C., Distefano, E., Dolding, C., Enke, H., Fabre, C., Fabrizio, M., Fedorets, G., Fernique, P., Figueras, F., Fournier, Y., Fouron, C., Fragkoudi, F., Gai, M., Garcia-Gutierrez, A., Garcia-Reinaldos, M., García-Torres, M., Garofalo, A., Gavel, A., Gerlach, E., Geyer, R., Gilmore, G., Girona, S., Giuffrida, G., Gomel, R., Gomez, A., González-Núñez, J., González-Santamaría, I., González-Vidal, J. J., Granvik, M., Guillout, P., Guiraud, J., Gutiérrez-Sánchez, R., Guy, L. P., Hatzidimitriou, D., Hauser, M., Haywood, M., Helmer, A., Helmi, A., Sarmiento, M. H., Hidalgo, S. L., Hładczuk, N., Hobbs, D., Holland, G., Huckle, H. E., Jardine, K., Jasniewicz, G., Piccolo, A. Jean-Antoine, Jiménez-Arranz, Ó., Campillo, J. Juaristi, Julbe, F., Karbevska, L., Khanna, S., Kordopatis, G., Korn, A. J., Kóspál, Á, Kostrzewa-Rutkowska, Z., Kruszyńska, K., Kun, M., Laizeau, P., Lambert, S., Lanza, A. F., Lasne, Y., Campion, J. -F. Le, Lebreton, Y., Lebzelter, T., Leccia, S., Lecoeur-Taibi, I., Liao, S., Licata, E. L., Lindstrøm, H. E. P., Lister, T. A., Livanou, E., Lobel, A., Lorca, A., Loup, C., Pardo, P. Madrero, Romeo, A. Magdaleno, Managau, S., Mann, R. G., Manteiga, M., Marchant, J. M., Marconi, M., Marcos, J., Santos, M. M. S. Marcos, Pina, D. Marín, Marinoni, S., Marocco, F., Marshall, D. J., Polo, L. Martin, Martín-Fleitas, J. M., Marton, G., Mary, N., Masip, A., Massari, D., Mastrobuono-Battisti, A., McMillan, P. J., Messina, S., Michalik, D., Millar, N. R., Mints, A., Molina, D., Molinaro, R., Molnár, L., Monari, G., Monguió, M., Montegriffo, P., Montero, A., Mor, R., Mora, A., Morbidelli, R., Morris, D., Muraveva, T., Murphy, C. P., Musella, I., Nagy, Z., Noval, L., Ocaña, F., Ogden, A., Ordenovic, C., Osinde, J. O., Pagani, C., Pagano, I., Palaversa, L., Palicio, P. A., Pallas-Quintela, L., Panahi, A., Payne-Wardenaar, S., Esteller, X. Peñalosa, Penttilä, A., Pichon, B., Piersimoni, A. M., Pineau, F. -X., Plachy, E., Plum, G., Poggio, E., Prša, A., Pulone, L., Racero, E., Ragaini, S., Rainer, M., Raiteri, C. M., Ramos, P., Ramos-Lerate, M., Regibo, S., Richards, P. J., Diaz, C. Rios, Ripepi, V., Riva, A., Rix, H. -W., Rixon, G., Robichon, N., Robin, A. C., Robin, C., Roelens, M., Rogues, H. R. O., Rohrbasser, L., Romero-Gómez, M., Rowell, N., Royer, F., Mieres, D. Ruz, Rybicki, K. A., Núñez, A. Sáez, Sellés, A. Sagristà, Salguero, E., Samaras, N., Gimenez, V. Sanchez, Sanna, N., Santoveña, R., Sarasso, M., Schultheis, M. S., Sciacca, E., Segol, M., Segovia, J. C., Semeux, D., Siddiqui, H. I., Siebert, A., Siltala, L., Silvelo, A., Slezak, E., Slezak, I., Smart, R. L., Snaith, O. N., Solano, E., Solitro, F., Souami, D., Souchay, J., Spagna, A., Spina, L., Spoto, F., Steele, I. A., Steidelmüller, H., Stephenson, C. A., Süveges, M., Surdej, J., Szabados, L., Szegedi-Elek, E., Taris, F., Taylor, M. B., Teixeira, R., Tolomei, L., Tonello, N., Torra, F., Torra, J., Elipe, G. Torralba, Trabucchi, M., Tsounis, A. T., Turon, C., Ulla, A., Unger, N., Vaillant, M. V., van Dillen, E., van Reeven, W., Vanel, O., Vecchiato, A., Viala, Y., Vicente, D., Voutsinas, S., Weiler, M., Wevers, T., Wyrzykowski, Ł., Yoldas, A., Yvard, P., Zhao, H., Zorec, J., and Zucker, S.
Subjects: Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics
Abstract: The Gaia DR3 Catalogue contains for the first time about eight hundred thousand solutions with either orbital elements or trend parameters for astrometric, spectroscopic and eclipsing binaries, and combinations of them. This paper aims to illustrate the huge potential of this large non-single star catalogue. Using the orbital solutions together with models of the binaries, a catalogue of tens of thousands of stellar masses, or lower limits, partly together with consistent flux ratios, has been built. Properties concerning the completeness of the binary catalogues are discussed, statistical features of the orbital elements are explained and a comparison with other catalogues is performed. Illustrative applications are proposed for binaries across the H-R diagram. The binarity is studied in the RGB/AGB and a search for genuine SB1 among long-period variables is performed. The discovery of new EL CVn systems illustrates the potential of combining variability and binarity catalogues. Potential compact object companions are presented, mainly white dwarf companions or double degenerates, but one candidate neutron star is also presented. Towards the bottom of the main sequence, the orbits of previously-suspected binary ultracool dwarfs are determined and new candidate binaries are discovered. The long awaited contribution of Gaia to the analysis of the substellar regime shows the brown dwarf desert around solar-type stars using true, rather than minimum, masses, and provides new important constraints on the occurrence rates of substellar companions to M dwarfs. Several dozen new exoplanets are proposed, including two with validated orbital solutions and one super-Jupiter orbiting a white dwarf, all being candidates requiring confirmation. Beside binarity, higher order multiple systems are also found., Comment: 60 pages, 60 figures. Accepted for publication in Astronomy & Astrophysics (2022-06-09). The catalogue of binary masses is available for download from the ESA Gaia DR3 Archive and will be available from the CDS/VizieR service
Published: 2022
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17. Gaia Data Release 3: Chemical cartography of the Milky Way

Author: Gaia Collaboration, Recio-Blanco, A., Kordopatis, G., de Laverny, P., Palicio, P. A., Spagna, A., Spina, L., Katz, D., Fiorentin, P. Re, Poggio, E., McMillan, P. J., Vallenari, A., Lattanzi, M. G., Seabroke, G. M., Casamiquela, L., Bragaglia, A., Antoja, T., Bailer-Jones, C. A. L., Andrae, R., Fouesneau, M., Cropper, M., Cantat-Gaudin, T., Heiter, U., Bijaoui, A., Brown, A. G. A., Prusti, T., de Bruijne, J. H. J., Arenou, F., Babusiaux, C., Biermann, M., Creevey, O. L., Ducourant, C., Evans, D. W., Eyer, L., Guerra, R., Hutton, A., Jordi, C., Klioner, S. A., Lammers, U. L., Lindegren, L., Luri, X., Mignard, F., Panem, C., Pourbaix, D., Randich, S., Sartoretti, P., Soubiran, C., Tanga, P., Walton, N. A., Bastian, U., Drimmel, R., Jansen, F., van Leeuwen, F., Bakker, J., Cacciari, C., Castañeda, J., De Angeli, F., Fabricius, C., Frémat, Y., Galluccio, L., Guerrier, A., Masana, E., Messineo, R., Mowlavi, N., Nicolas, C., Nienartowicz, K., Pailler, F., Panuzzo, P., Riclet, F., Roux, W., Sordo, R., Thévenin, F., Gracia-Abril, G., Portell, J., Teyssier, D., Altmann, M., Audard, M., Bellas-Velidis, I., Benson, K., Berthier, J., Blomme, R., Burgess, P. W., Busonero, D., Busso, G., Cánovas, H., Carry, B., Cellino, A., Cheek, N., Clementini, G., Damerdji, Y., Davidson, M., de Teodoro, P., Campos, M. Nuñez, Delchambre, L., Dell'Oro, A., Esquej, P., Fernández-Hernández, J., Fraile, E., Garabato, D., García-Lario, P., Gosset, E., Haigron, R., Halbwachs, J. -L., Hambly, N. C., Harrison, D. L., Hernández, J., Hestroffer, D., Hodgkin, S. T., Holl, B., Janßen, K., de Fombelle, G. Jevardat, Jordan, S., Krone-Martins, A., Lanzafame, A. C., Löffler, W., Marchal, O., Marrese, P. M., Moitinho, A., Muinonen, K., Osborne, P., Pancino, E., Pauwels, T., Reylé, C., Riello, M., Rimoldini, L., Roegiers, T., Rybizki, J., Sarro, L. M., Siopis, C., Smith, M., Sozzetti, A., Utrilla, E., van Leeuwen, M., Abbas, U., Ábrahám, P., Aramburu, A. Abreu, Aerts, C., Aguado, J. J., Ajaj, M., Aldea-Montero, F., Altavilla, G., Álvarez, M. A., Alves, J., Anders, F., Anderson, R. I., Varela, E. Anglada, Baines, D., Baker, S. G., Balaguer-Núñez, L., Balbinot, E., Balog, Z., Barache, C., Barbato, D., Barros, M., Barstow, M. A., Bartolomé, S., Bassilana, J. -L., Bauchet, N., Becciani, U., Bellazzini, M., Berihuete, A., Bernet, M., Bertone, S., Bianchi, L., Binnenfeld, A., Blanco-Cuaresma, S., Boch, T., Bombrun, A., Bossini, D., Bouquillon, S., Bramante, L., Breedt, E., Bressan, A., Brouillet, N., Brugaletta, E., Bucciarelli, B., Burlacu, A., Butkevich, A. G., Buzzi, R., Caffau, E., Cancelliere, R., Carballo, R., Carlucci, T., Carnerero, M. I., Carrasco, J. M., Castellani, M., Castro-Ginard, A., Chaoul, L., Charlot, P., Chemin, L., Chiaramida, V., Chiavassa, A., Chornay, N., Comoretto, G., Contursi, G., Cooper, W. J., Cornez, T., Cowell, S., Crifo, F., Crosta, M., Crowley, C., Dafonte, C., Dapergolas, A., David, P., De Luise, F., De March, R., De Ridder, J., de Souza, R., de Torres, A., del Peloso, E. F., del Pozo, E., Delbo, M., Delgado, A., Delisle, J. -B., Demouchy, C., Dharmawardena, T. E., Di Matteo, P., Diakite, S., Diener, C., Distefano, E., Dolding, C., Edvardsson, B., Enke, H., Fabre, C., Fabrizio, M., Faigler, S., Fedorets, G., Fernique, P., Figueras, F., Fournier, Y., Fouron, C., Fragkoudi, F., Gai, M., Garcia-Gutierrez, A., Garcia-Reinaldos, M., García-Torres, M., Garofalo, A., Gavel, A., Gavras, P., Gerlach, E., Geyer, R., Giacobbe, P., Gilmore, G., Girona, S., Giuffrida, G., Gomel, R., Gomez, A., González-Núñez, J., González-Santamaría, I., González-Vidal, J. J., Granvik, M., Guillout, P., Guiraud, J., Gutiérrez-Sánchez, R., Guy, L. P., Hatzidimitriou, D., Hauser, M., Haywood, M., Helmer, A., Helmi, A., Sarmiento, M. H., Hidalgo, S. L., Hładczuk, N., Hobbs, D., Holland, G., Huckle, H. E., Jardine, K., Jasniewicz, G., Piccolo, A. Jean-Antoine, Jiménez-Arranz, Ó., Campillo, J. Juaristi, Julbe, F., Karbevska, L., Kervella, P., Khanna, S., Korn, A. J., Kóspál, Á, Kostrzewa-Rutkowska, Z., Kruszyńska, K., Kun, M., Laizeau, P., Lambert, S., Lanza, A. F., Lasne, Y., Campion, J. -F. Le, Lebreton, Y., Lebzelter, T., Leccia, S., Leclerc, N., Lecoeur-Taibi, I., Liao, S., Licata, E. L., Lindstrøm, H. E. P., Lister, T. A., Livanou, E., Lobel, A., Lorca, A., Loup, C., Pardo, P. Madrero, Romeo, A. Magdaleno, Managau, S., Mann, R. G., Manteiga, M., Marchant, J. M., Marconi, M., Marcos, J., Santos, M. M. S. Marcos, Pina, D. Marín, Marinoni, S., Marocco, F., Marshall, D. J., Polo, L. Martin, Martín-Fleitas, J. M., Marton, G., Mary, N., Masip, A., Massari, D., Mastrobuono-Battisti, A., Mazeh, T., Messina, S., Michalik, D., Millar, N. R., Mints, A., Molina, D., Molinaro, R., Molnár, L., Monari, G., Monguió, M., Montegriffo, P., Montero, A., Mor, R., Mora, A., Morbidelli, R., Morel, T., Morris, D., Muraveva, T., Murphy, C. P., Musella, I., Nagy, Z., Noval, L., Ocaña, F., Ogden, A., Ordenovic, C., Osinde, J. O., Pagani, C., Pagano, I., Palaversa, L., Pallas-Quintela, L., Panahi, A., Payne-Wardenaar, S., Esteller, X. Peñalosa, Penttilä, A., Pichon, B., Piersimoni, A. M., Pineau, F. -X., Plachy, E., Plum, G., Prša, A., Pulone, L., Racero, E., Ragaini, S., Rainer, M., Raiteri, C. M., Ramos, P., Ramos-Lerate, M., Regibo, S., Richards, P. J., Diaz, C. Rios, Ripepi, V., Riva, A., Rix, H. -W., Rixon, G., Robichon, N., Robin, A. C., Robin, C., Roelens, M., Rogues, H. R. O., Rohrbasser, L., Romero-Gómez, M., Rowell, N., Royer, F., Mieres, D. Ruz, Rybicki, K. A., Sadowski, G., Núñez, A. Sáez, Sellés, A. Sagristà, Sahlmann, J., Salguero, E., Samaras, N., Gimenez, V. Sanchez, Sanna, N., Santoveña, R., Sarasso, M., Schultheis, M., Sciacca, E., Segol, M., Segovia, J. C., Ségransan, D., Semeux, D., Shahaf, S., Siddiqui, H. I., Siebert, A., Siltala, L., Silvelo, A., Slezak, E., Slezak, I., Smart, R. L., Snaith, O. N., Solano, E., Solitro, F., Souami, D., Souchay, J., Spoto, F., Steele, I. A., Steidelmüller, H., Stephenson, C. A., Süveges, M., Surdej, J., Szabados, L., Szegedi-Elek, E., Taris, F., Taylor, M. B., Teixeira, R., Tolomei, L., Tonello, N., Torra, F., Torra, J., Elipe, G. Torralba, Trabucchi, M., Tsounis, A. T., Turon, C., Ulla, A., Unger, N., Vaillant, M. V., van Dillen, E., van Reeven, W., Vanel, O., Vecchiato, A., Viala, Y., Vicente, D., Voutsinas, S., Weiler, M., Wevers, T., Wyrzykowski, Ł., Yoldas, A., Yvard, P., Zhao, H., Zorec, J., Zucker, S., and Zwitter, T.
Subjects: Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics
Abstract: Gaia DR3 opens a new era of all-sky spectral analysis of stellar populations thanks to the nearly 5.6 million stars observed by the RVS and parametrised by the GSP-spec module. The all-sky Gaia chemical cartography allows a powerful and precise chemo-dynamical view of the Milky Way with unprecedented spatial coverage and statistical robustness. First, it reveals the strong vertical symmetry of the Galaxy and the flared structure of the disc. Second, the observed kinematic disturbances of the disc -- seen as phase space correlations -- and kinematic or orbital substructures are associated with chemical patterns that favour stars with enhanced metallicities and lower [alpha/Fe] abundance ratios compared to the median values in the radial distributions. This is detected both for young objects that trace the spiral arms and older populations. Several alpha, iron-peak elements and at least one heavy element trace the thin and thick disc properties in the solar cylinder. Third, young disc stars show a recent chemical impoverishment in several elements. Fourth, the largest chemo-dynamical sample of open clusters analysed so far shows a steepening of the radial metallicity gradient with age, which is also observed in the young field population. Finally, the Gaia chemical data have the required coverage and precision to unveil galaxy accretion debris and heated disc stars on halo orbits through their [alpha/Fe] ratio, and to allow the study of the chemo-dynamical properties of globular clusters. Gaia DR3 chemo-dynamical diagnostics open new horizons before the era of ground-based wide-field spectroscopic surveys. They unveil a complex Milky Way that is the outcome of an eventful evolution, shaping it to the present day (abridged)., Comment: Astronomy and Astrophysics (accepted, in press)
Published: 2022
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18. Gaia Early Data Release 3: The celestial reference frame (Gaia-CRF3)

Author: Gaia Collaboration, Klioner, S. A., Lindegren, L., Mignard, F., Hernández, J., Ramos-Lerate, M., Bastian, U., Biermann, M., Bombrun, A., de Torres, A., Gerlach, E., Geyer, R., Hilger, T., Hobbs, D., Lammers, U. L., McMillan, P. J., Steidelmüller, H., Teyssier, D., Raiteri, C. M., Bartolomé, S., Bernet, M., Castañeda, J., Clotet, M., Davidson, M., Fabricius, C., Torres, N. Garralda, González-Vidal, J. J., Portell, J., Rowell, N., Torra, F., Torra, J., Brown, A. G. A., Vallenari, A., Prusti, T., de Bruijne, J. H. J., Arenou, F., Babusiaux, C., Creevey, O. L., Ducourant, C., Evans, D. W., Eyer, L., Guerra, R., Hutton, A., Jordi, C., Luri, X., Panem, C., Pourbaix, D., Randich, S., Sartoretti, P., Soubiran, C., Tanga, P., Walton, N. A., Bailer-Jones, C. A. L., Drimmel, R., Jansen, F., Katz, D., Lattanzi, M. G., van Leeuwen, F., Bakker, J., Cacciari, C., De Angeli, F., Fouesneau, M., Frémat, Y., Galluccio, L., Guerrier, A., Heiter, U., Masana, E., Messineo, R., Mowlavi, N., Nicolas, C., Nienartowicz, K., Pailler, F., Panuzzo, P., Riclet, F., Roux, W., Seabroke, G. M., Sordo, R., Thévenin, F., Gracia-Abril, G., Altmann, M., Andrae, R., Audard, M., Bellas-Velidis, I., Benson, K., Berthier, J., Blomme, R., Burgess, P. W., Busonero, D., Busso, G., Cánovas, H., Carry, B., Cellino, A., Cheek, N., Clementini, G., Damerdji, Y., de Teodoro, P., Campos, M. Nuñez, Delchambre, L., Dell'Oro, A., Esquej, P., Fernández-Hernández, J., Fraile, E., Garabato, D., García-Lario, P., Gosset, E., Haigron, R., Halbwachs, J. -L., Hambly, N. C., Harrison, D. L., Hestroffer, D., Hodgkin, S. T., Holl, B., Janßen, K., de Fombelle, G. Jevardat, Jordan, S., Krone-Martins, A., Lanzafame, A. C., Löffler, W., Marchal, O., Marrese, P. M., Moitinho, A., Muinonen, K., Osborne, P., Pancino, E., Pauwels, T., Recio-Blanco, A., Reylé, C., Riello, M., Rimoldini, L., Roegiers, T., Rybizki, J., Sarro, L. M., Siopis, C., Smith, M., Sozzetti, A., Utrilla, E., van Leeuwen, M., Abbas, U., Ábrahám, P., Aramburu, A. Abreu, Aerts, C., Aguado, J. J., Ajaj, M., Aldea-Montero, F., Altavilla, G., Álvarez, M. A., Alves, J., Anderson, R. I., Varela, E. Anglada, Antoja, T., Baines, D., Baker, S. G., Balaguer-Núñez, L., Balbinot, E., Balog, Z., Barache, C., Barbato, D., Barros, M., Barstow, M. A., Bassilana, J. -L., Bauchet, N., Becciani, U., Bellazzini, M., Berihuete, A., Bertone, S., Bianchi, L., Binnenfeld, A., Blanco-Cuaresma, S., Boch, T., Bossini, D., Bouquillon, S., Bragaglia, A., Bramante, L., Breedt, E., Bressan, A., Brouillet, N., Brugaletta, E., Bucciarelli, B., Burlacu, A., Butkevich, A. G., Buzzi, R., Caffau, E., Cancelliere, R., Cantat-Gaudin, T., Carballo, R., Carlucci, T., Carnerero, M. I., Carrasco, J. M., Casamiquela, L., Castellani, M., Castro-Ginard, A., Chaoul, L., Charlot, P., Chemin, L., Chiaramida, V., Chiavassa, A., Chornay, N., Comoretto, G., Contursi, G., Cooper, W. J., Cornez, T., Cowell, S., Crifo, F., Cropper, M., Crosta, M., Crowley, C., Dafonte, C., Dapergolas, A., David, P., de Laverny, P., De Luise, F., De March, R., De Ridder, J., de Souza, R., del Peloso, E. F., del Pozo, E., Delbo, M., Delgado, A., Delisle, J. -B., Demouchy, C., Dharmawardena, T. E., Diakite, S., Diener, C., Distefano, E., Dolding, C., Enke, H., Fabre, C., Fabrizio, M., Faigler, S., Fedorets, G., Fernique, P., Fienga, A., Figueras, F., Fournier, Y., Fouron, C., Fragkoudi, F., Gai, M., Garcia-Gutierrez, A., Garcia-Reinaldos, M., García-Torres, M., Garofalo, A., Gavel, A., Gavras, P., Giacobbe, P., Gilmore, G., Girona, S., Giuffrida, G., Gomel, R., Gomez, A., González-Núñez, J., González-Santamaría, I., Granvik, M., Guillout, P., Guiraud, J., Gutiérrez-Sánchez, R., Guy, L. P., Hatzidimitriou, D., Hauser, M., Haywood, M., Helmer, A., Helmi, A., Sarmiento, M. H., Hidalgo, S. L., Hładczuk, N., Holland, G., Huckle, H. E., Jardine, K., Jasniewicz, G., Piccolo, A. Jean-Antoine, Jiménez-Arranz, Ó., Campillo, J. Juaristi, Julbe, F., Karbevska, L., Kervella, P., Khanna, S., Kordopatis, G., Korn, A. J., Kóspál, Á, Kostrzewa-Rutkowska, Z., Kruszyńska, K., Kun, M., Laizeau, P., Lambert, S., Lanza, A. F., Lasne, Y., Campion, J. -F. Le, Lebreton, Y., Lebzelter, T., Leccia, S., Leclerc, N., Lecoeur-Taibi, I., Liao, S., Licata, E. L., Lindstrøm, H. E. P., Lister, T. A., Livanou, E., Lobel, A., Lorca, A., Loup, C., Pardo, P. Madrero, Romeo, A. Magdaleno, Managau, S., Mann, R. G., Manteiga, M., Marchant, J. M., Marconi, M., Marcos, J., Santos, M. M. S. Marcos, Pina, D. Marín, Marinoni, S., Marocco, F., Marshall, D. J., Polo, L. Martin, Martín-Fleitas, J. M., Marton, G., Mary, N., Masip, A., Massari, D., Mastrobuono-Battisti, A., Mazeh, T., Messina, S., Michalik, D., Millar, N. R., Mints, A., Molina, D., Molinaro, R., Molnár, L., Monari, G., Monguió, M., Montegriffo, P., Montero, A., Mor, R., Mora, A., Morbidelli, R., Morel, T., Morris, D., Muraveva, T., Murphy, C. P., Musella, I., Nagy, Z., Noval, L., Ocaña, F., Ogden, A., Ordenovic, C., Osinde, J. O., Pagani, C., Pagano, I., Palaversa, L., Palicio, P. A., Pallas-Quintela, L., Panahi, A., Payne-Wardenaar, S., Esteller, X. Peñalosa, Penttilä, A., Pichon, B., Piersimoni, A. M., Pineau, F. -X., Plachy, E., Plum, G., Poggio, E., Prša, A., Pulone, L., Racero, E., Ragaini, S., Rainer, M., Rambaux, N., Ramos, P., Fiorentin, P. Re, Regibo, S., Richards, P. J., Diaz, C. Rios, Ripepi, V., Riva, A., Rix, H. -W., Rixon, G., Robichon, N., Robin, A. C., Robin, C., Roelens, M., Rogues, H. R. O., Rohrbasser, L., Romero-Gómez, M., Royer, F., Mieres, D. Ruz, Rybicki, K. A., Sadowski, G., Núñez, A. Sáez, Sellés, A. Sagristà, Sahlmann, J., Salguero, E., Samaras, N., Gimenez, V. Sanchez, Sanna, N., Santoveña, R., Sarasso, M., Schultheis, M., Sciacca, E., Segol, M., Segovia, J. C., Ségransan, D., Semeux, D., Shahaf, S., Siddiqui, H. I., Siebert, A., Siltala, L., Silvelo, A., Slezak, E., Slezak, I., Smart, R. L., Snaith, O. N., Solano, E., Solitro, F., Souami, D., Souchay, J., Spagna, A., Spina, L., Spoto, F., Steele, I. A., Stephenson, C. A., Süveges, M., Surdej, J., Szabados, L., Szegedi-Elek, E., Taris, F., Taylor, M. B., Teixeira, R., Tolomei, L., Tonello, N., Elipe, G. Torralba, Trabucchi, M., Tsounis, A. T., Turon, C., Ulla, A., Unger, N., Vaillant, M. V., van Dillen, E., van Reeven, W., Vanel, O., Vecchiato, A., Viala, Y., Vicente, D., Voutsinas, S., Weiler, M., Wevers, T., Wyrzykowski, Ł., Yoldas, A., Yvard, P., Zhao, H., Zorec, J., Zucker, S., and Zwitter, T.
Subjects: Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies
Abstract: Gaia-CRF3 is the celestial reference frame for positions and proper motions in the third release of data from the Gaia mission, Gaia DR3 (and for the early third release, Gaia EDR3, which contains identical astrometric results). The reference frame is defined by the positions and proper motions at epoch 2016.0 for a specific set of extragalactic sources in the (E)DR3 catalogue. We describe the construction of Gaia-CRF3, and its properties in terms of the distributions in magnitude, colour, and astrometric quality. Compact extragalactic sources in Gaia DR3 were identified by positional cross-matching with 17 external catalogues of quasars (QSO) and active galactic nuclei (AGN), followed by astrometric filtering designed to remove stellar contaminants. Selecting a clean sample was favoured over including a higher number of extragalactic sources. For the final sample, the random and systematic errors in the proper motions are analysed, as well as the radio-optical offsets in position for sources in the third realisation of the International Celestial Reference Frame (ICRF3). The Gaia-CRF3 comprises about 1.6 million QSO-like sources, of which 1.2 million have five-parameter astrometric solutions in Gaia DR3 and 0.4 million have six-parameter solutions. The sources span the magnitude range G = 13 to 21 with a peak density at 20.6 mag, at which the typical positional uncertainty is about 1 mas. The proper motions show systematic errors on the level of 12 ${\mu}$as yr${}^{-1}$ on angular scales greater than 15 deg. For the 3142 optical counterparts of ICRF3 sources in the S/X frequency bands, the median offset from the radio positions is about 0.5 mas, but exceeds 4 mas in either coordinate for 127 sources. We outline the future of the Gaia-CRF in the next Gaia data releases.
Published: 2022
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19. Study of changes in the pulsation period of 148 Galactic Cepheid variables

Author: Csörnyei, G., Szabados, L., Molnár, L., Cseh, B., Egei, N., Kalup, Cs., Kecskeméthy, V., Könyves-Tóth, R., Sárneczky, K., and Szakáts, R.
Subjects: Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics
Abstract: Investigating period changes of classical Cepheids through the framework of $O-C$ diagrams provides a unique insight to the evolution and nature of these variable stars. In this work, the new or extended $O-C$ diagrams for 148 Galactic classical Cepheids are presented. By correlating the calculated period change rates with the Gaia EDR3 colours, we obtain observational indications for the non-negligible dependence of the period change rate on the horizontal position within the instability strip. We find period fluctuations in 59 Cepheids with a confidence level of 99%, which are distributed uniformly over the inspected period range. Correlating the fluctuation amplitude with the pulsation period yields a clear dependence, similar to the one valid for longer period pulsating variable stars. The non-negligible amount of Cepheids showing changes in their $O-C$ diagrams that are not or not only of evolutionary origin points toward the need for further studies for the complete understanding of these effects. One such peculiar behaviour is the large amplitude period fluctuation in short period Cepheids, which occurs in a significant fraction of the investigated stars. The period dependence of the fluctuation strength and its minimum at the bump Cepheid region suggests a stability enhancing mechanism for this period range, which agrees with current pulsation models., Comment: 22 pages, 29 figures, accepted for publication in MNRAS
Published: 2022
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20. The extended atmosphere and circumstellar environment of the cool evolved star VX Sagittarii as seen by MATISSE

Author: Chiavassa, A., Kravchenko, K., Montargès, M., Millour, F., Matter, A., Freytag, B., Wittkowski, M., Hocdé, V., Cruzalèbes, P., Allouche, F., Lopez, B., Lagarde, S., Petrov, R. G., Meilland, A., Robbe-Dubois, S., Hofmann, K. -H., Weigelt, G., Berio, P., Bendjoya, P., Bettonvil, F., de Souza, A. Domiciano, Heininger, M., Henning, Th., Isbell, J. W., Jaffe, W., Labadie, L., Lehmitz, M., Meisenheimer, K., Soulain, A., Varga, J., Augereau, J. -C., van Boekel, R., Burtscher, L., Danchi, W. C., Dominik, C., Drevon, J., Rosas, V. Gámez, Hogerheijde, M. R., Hron, J., Klarmann, L., Kokoulina, E., Lagadec, E., Leftley, J., Mosoni, L., Nardetto1, N., Paladini, C., Pantin, E., Schertl, D., Stee, P., Szabados, L., Waters, R., Wolf, S., and Yoffe, G.
Subjects: Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies
Abstract: Context. VX Sgr is a cool, evolved, and luminous red star whose stellar parameters are difficult to determine, which affects its classification. Aims. We aim to spatially resolve the photospheric extent as well as the circumstellar environment. Methods. We used interferometric observations obtained with the MATISSE instrument in the L (3 to 4 {\mu}m), M (4.5 to 5 {\mu}m), and N (8 to 13 {\mu}m) bands. We reconstructed monochromatic images using the MIRA software. We used 3D radiation-hydrodynamics (RHD) simulations carried out with CO5BOLD and a uniform disc model to estimate the apparent diameter and interpret the stellar surface structures. Moreover, we employed the radiative transfer codes Optim3D and Radmc3D to compute the spectral energy distribution for the L, M, and N bands, respectively. Results. MATISSE observations unveil, for the first time, the morphology of VX Sgr across the L, M, and N bands. The reconstructed images show a complex morphology with brighter areas whose characteristics depend on the wavelength probed. We measured the angular diameter as a function of the wavelength and showed that the photospheric extent in the L and M bands depends on the opacity through the atmosphere. In addition to this, we also concluded that the observed photospheric inhomogeneities can be interpreted as convection-related surface structures. The comparison in the N band yielded a qualitative agreement between the N band spectrum and simple dust radiative transfer simulations. However, it is not possible to firmly conclude on the interpretation of the current data because of the difficulty in constraing the model parameters using the limited accuracy of our absolute flux calibration. Conclusions. MATISSE observations and the derived reconstructed images unveil the appearance of the stellar surface and circumstellar environment across a very large spectral domain for the first time., Comment: Accepted for publication on Astronomy and Astrophysics
Published: 2021
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21. Tipsy pulsation of classical Cepheids – lessons from space photometry

Author: Szabados L., Evans N. R., Szabó R., Derekas A., and Cameron A.
Subjects: Physics, QC1-999
Abstract: Space photometric data of the Kepler Cepheid, V1154 Cygni, and those of SZ Tauri (MOST photometry) indicate that classical Cepheids are not strictly regular pulsators. Cycle-to-cycle period changes and variations in the shape of the light curve are revealed from the continuous photometry covering 6 cycles of SZ Tau pulsation and several hundred pulsation cycles of V1154 Cyg. To make the situation more interesting/complicated, the MOST light curve of RT Aurigae (a Cepheid pulsating in the fundamental mode) shows stellar oscillations in a highly repetitive manner.
Published: 2015
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22. Review of synergic meteor observations: linking the results from cameras, ionosondes, infrasound and seismic detectors

Author: Kereszturi, Á., Barta, V., Bondár, I., Czanik, Cs., Igaz, A., Mónus, P., Rezes, D., Szabados, L., and Pál, B. D.
Subjects: Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics
Abstract: Joint evaluation of different meteor observation types support the better understanding of both the meteor phenomenon and the terrestrial atmosphere. Two types of examples are presented in this work, linking ionospheric effects to specific meteors, where almost one third of the meteors emerged at high altitudes were simultaneously recorded with an optical camera. Very few such observations have been realized yet. With a daytime fireball, the recorded infrasound effect and the atmospheric blast produced shock wave related small earthquakes were identified by a network of ground stations. The overview of these observational types highlights specific topics where substantial improvements and discoveries are expected in the near future., Comment: Accepted for publication in MNRAS
Published: 2021
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23. Gaia Photometric Science Alerts

Author: Hodgkin, S. T., Harrison, D. L., Breedt, E., Wevers, T., Rixon, G., Delgado, A., Yoldas, A., Kostrzewa-Rutkowska, Z., Wyrzykowski, Ł., van Leeuwen, M., Blagorodnova, N., Campbell, H., Eappachen, D., Fraser, M., Ihanec, N., Koposov, S. E., Kruszyńska, K., Marton, G., Rybicki, K. A., Brown, A. G. A., Burgess, P. W., Busso, G., Cowell, S., De Angeli, F., Diener, C., Evans, D. W., Gilmore, G., Holland, G., Jonker, P. G., van Leeuwen, F., Mignard, F., Osborne, P. J., Portell, J., Prusti, T., Richards, P. J., Riello, M., Seabroke, G. M., Walton, N. A., Ábrahám, Péter, Altavilla, G., Baker, S. G., Bastian, U., O'Brien, P., de Bruijne, J., Butterley, T., Carrasco, J. M., Castañeda, J., Clark, J. S., Clementini, G., Copperwheat, C. M., Cropper, M., Damljanovic, G., Davidson, M., Davis, C. J., Dennefeld, M., Dhillon, V. S., Dolding, C., Dominik, M., Esquej, P., Eyer, L., Fabricius, C., Fridman, M., Froebrich, D., Garralda, N., Gomboc, A., González-Vidal, J. J., Guerra, R., Hambly, N. C., Hardy, L. K., Holl, B., Hourihane, A., Japelj, J., Kann, D. A., Kiss, C., Knigge, C., Kolb, U., Komossa, S., Kóspál, Á., Kovács, G., Kun, M., Leto, G., Lewis, F., Littlefair, S. P., Mahabal, A. A., Mundell, C. G., Nagy, Z., Padeletti, D., Palaversa, L., Pigulski, A., Pretorius, M. L., van Reeven, W., Ribeiro, V. A. R. M., Roelens, M., Rowell, N., Schartel, N., Scholz, A., Schwope, A., Sipőcz, B. M., Smartt, S. J., Smith, M. D., Serraller, I., Steeghs, D., Sullivan, M., Szabados, L., Szegedi-Elek, E., Tisserand, P., Tomasella, L., van Velzen, S., Whitelock, P. A, Wilson, R. W., and Young, D. R.
Subjects: Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics
Abstract: Since July 2014, the Gaia mission has been engaged in a high-spatial-resolution, time-resolved, precise, accurate astrometric, and photometric survey of the entire sky. Aims: We present the Gaia Science Alerts project, which has been in operation since 1 June 2016. We describe the system which has been developed to enable the discovery and publication of transient photometric events as seen by Gaia. Methods: We outline the data handling, timings, and performances, and we describe the transient detection algorithms and filtering procedures needed to manage the high false alarm rate. We identify two classes of events: (1) sources which are new to Gaia and (2) Gaia sources which have undergone a significant brightening or fading. Validation of the Gaia transit astrometry and photometry was performed, followed by testing of the source environment to minimise contamination from Solar System objects, bright stars, and fainter near-neighbours. Results: We show that the Gaia Science Alerts project suffers from very low contamination, that is there are very few false-positives. We find that the external completeness for supernovae, $C_E=0.46$, is dominated by the Gaia scanning law and the requirement of detections from both fields-of-view. Where we have two or more scans the internal completeness is $C_I=0.79$ at 3 arcsec or larger from the centres of galaxies, but it drops closer in, especially within 1 arcsec. Conclusions: The per-transit photometry for Gaia transients is precise to 1 per cent at $G=13$, and 3 per cent at $G=19$. The per-transit astrometry is accurate to 55 milliarcseconds when compared to Gaia DR2. The Gaia Science Alerts project is one of the most homogeneous and productive transient surveys in operation, and it is the only survey which covers the whole sky at high spatial resolution (subarcsecond), including the Galactic plane and bulge., Comment: 26 pages, 26 figures, accepted for publication in Astronomy & Astrophysics
Published: 2021
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24. Mid-infrared circumstellar emission of the long-period Cepheid l Carinae resolved with VLTI/MATISSE

Author: Hocdé, V., Nardetto, N., Matter, A., Lagadec, E., Mérand, A., Cruzalèbes, P., Meilland, A., Millour, F., Lopez, B., Berio, P., Weigelt, G., Petrov, R., Isbell, J. W., Jaffe, W., Kervella, P., Glindemann, A., Schöller, M., Allouche, F., Gallenne, A., de Souza, A. Domiciano, Niccolini, G., Kokoulina, E., Varga, J., Lagarde, S., Augereau, J. -C., van Boekel, R., Bristow, P., Henning, Th., Hofmann, K. -H., Zins, G., Danchi, W. -C., Delbo, M., Dominik, C., Rosas, V. Gámez, Klarmann, L., Hron, J., Hogerheijde, M. R., Meisenheimer, K., Pantin, E., Paladini, C., Robbe-Dubois, S., Schertl, D., Stee, P., Waters, R., Lehmitz, M., Bettonvil, F., Heininger, M., Woillez, J., Wolf, S., Yoffe, G., Szabados, L., Chiavassa, A., Borgniet, S., Breuval, L., Javanmardi, B., Ábrahám, P., Abadie, S., Abuter, R., Accardo, M., Adler, T., Agócs, T., Alonso, J., Antonelli, P., Böhm, A., Bailet, C., Bazin, G., Beckmann, U., Beltran, J., Boland, W., Bourget, P., Brast, R., Bresson, Y., Burtscher, L., Buter, R., Castillo, R., Chelli, A., Cid, C., Clausse, J. -M., Connot, C., Conzelmann, R. D., De Haan, M., Ebert, M., Elswijk, E., Fantei, Y., Frahm, R., Gabasch, A., Garces, E., Girard, P., Glazenborg, A., Gonté, F. Y. J., Herrera, J. C. González, Graser, U., Guajardo, P., Guitton, F., Hanenburg, H., Haubois, X., Hubin, N., Huerta, R., Idserda, J., Ives, D., Jakob, G., Jaskó, A., Jochum, L., Klein, R., Kragt, J., Kroes, G., Kuindersma, S., Labadie, L., Laun, W., Poole, R. Le, Leinert, C., Lizon, J. -L., Lopez, M., Marcotto, A., Mauclert, N., Maurer, T., Mehrgan, L. H., Meisner, J., Meixner, K., Mellein, M., Mohr, L., Morel, S., Mosoni, L., Navarro, R., Neumann, U., Nußbaum, E., Pallanca, L., Pasquini, L., Percheron, I., Duc, T. Phan, Pott, J. -U., Pozna, E., Ridinger, A., Rigal, F., Riquelme, M., Rivinius, Th., Roelfsema, R., Rohloff, R. -R., Rousseau, S., Schuhler, N., Schuil, M., Shabun, K., Soulain, A., Stephan, C., ter Horst, R., Tromp, N., Vakili, F., van Duin, A., Venema, L. B., Vinther, J., Wittkowski, M., and Wrhel, F.
Subjects: Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies
Abstract: The nature of circumstellar envelopes (CSE) around Cepheids is still a matter of debate. The physical origin of their infrared (IR) excess could be either a shell of ionized gas, or a dust envelope, or both. This study aims at constraining the geometry and the IR excess of the environment of the long-period Cepheid $\ell$ Car (P=35.5 days) at mid-IR wavelengths to understand its physical nature. We first use photometric observations in various bands and Spitzer Space Telescope spectroscopy to constrain the IR excess of $\ell$ Car. Then, we analyze the VLTI/MATISSE measurements at a specific phase of observation, in order to determine the flux contribution, the size and shape of the environment of the star in the L band. We finally test the hypothesis of a shell of ionized gas in order to model the IR excess. We report the first detection in the L band of a centro-symmetric extended emission around l Car, of about 1.7$R_\star$ in FWHM, producing an excess of about 7.0\% in this band. In the N band, there is no clear evidence for dust emission from VLTI/MATISSE correlated flux and Spitzer data. On the other side, the modeled shell of ionized gas implies a more compact CSE ($1.13\pm0.02\,R_\star$) and fainter (IR excess of 1\% in the L band). We provide new evidences for a compact CSE of $\ell$ Car and we demonstrate the capabilities of VLTI/MATISSE for determining common properties of CSEs. While the compact CSE of $\ell$ Car is probably of gaseous nature, the tested model of a shell of ionized gas is not able to simultaneously reproduce the IR excess and the interferometric observations. Further Galactic Cepheids observations with VLTI/MATISSE are necessary for determining the properties of CSEs, which may also depend on both the pulsation period and the evolutionary state of the stars., Comment: 13 pages, 8 figures, accepted in Astronomy and Astrophysics
Published: 2021
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25. Gaia Early Data Release 3: The Galactic anticentre

Author: Gaia Collaboration, Antoja, T., McMillan, P., Kordopatis, G., Ramos, P., Helmi, A., Balbinot, E., Cantat-Gaudin, T., Chemin, L., Figueras, F., Jordi, C., Khanna, S., Romero-Gomez, M., Seabroke, G., Brown, A. G. A., Vallenari, A., Prusti, T., de Bruijne, J. H. J., Babusiaux, C., Biermann, M., Creevey, O. L., Evans, D. W., Eyer, L., Hutton, A., Jansen, F., Klioner, S. A., Lammers, U., Lindegren, L., Luri, X., Mignard, F., Panem, C., Pourbaix, D., Randich, S., Sartoretti, P., Soubiran, C., Walton, N. A., Arenou, F., Bailer-Jones, C. A. L., Bastian, U., Cropper, M., Drimmel, R., Katz, D., Lattanzi, M. G., van Leeuwen, F., Bakker, J., Castañeda, J., De Angeli, F., Ducourant, C., Fabricius, C., Fouesneau, M., Frémat, Y., Guerra, R., Guerrier, A., Guiraud, J., Piccolo, A. Jean-Antoine, Masana, E., Messineo, R., Mowlavi, N., Nicolas, C., Nienartowicz, K., Pailler, F., Panuzzo, P., Riclet, F., Roux, W., Sordo, R., Tanga, P., Thévenin, F., Gracia-Abril, G., Portell, J., Teyssier, D., Altmann, M., Andrae, R., Bellas-Velidis, I., Benson, K., Berthier, J., Blomme, R., Brugaletta, E., Burgess, P. W., Busso, G., Carry, B., Cellino, A., Cheek, N., Clementini, G., Damerdji, Y., Davidson, M., Delchambre, L., Dell'Oro, A., Fernández-Hernández, J., Galluccio, L., García-Lario, P., Garcia-Reinaldos, M., González-Núñez, J., Gosset, E., Haigron, R., Halbwachs, J. -L., Hambly, N. C., Harrison, D. L., Hatzidimitriou, D., Heiter, U., Hernández, J., Hestroffer, D., Hodgkin, S. T., Holl, B., Janßen, K., de Fombelle, G. Jevardat, Jordan, S., Krone-Martins, A., Lanzafame, A. C., Löffler, W., Lorca, A., Manteiga, M., Marchal, O., Marrese, P. M., Moitinho, A., Mora, A., Muinonen, K., Osborne, P., Pancino, E., Pauwels, T., Recio-Blanco, A., Richards, P. J., Riello, M., Rimoldini, L., Robin, A. C., Roegiers, T., Rybizki, J., Sarro, L. M., Siopis, C., Smith, M., Sozzetti, A., Ulla, A., Utrilla, E., van Leeuwen, M., van Reeven, W., Abbas, U., Aramburu, A. Abreu, Accart, S., Aerts, C., Aguado, Ajaj, M., Altavilla, G., Álvarez, M. A., Cid-Fuentes, J. Álvarez, Alves, J., Anderson, J. J. R. I., Varela, E. Anglada, Audard, M., Baines, D., Baker, S. G., Balaguer-Núñez, L., Balog, Z., Barache, C., Barbato, D., Barros, M., Barstow, M. A., Bartolomé, S., Bassilana, J. -L., Bauchet, N., Baudesson-Stella, A., Becciani, U., Bellazzini, M., Bernet, M., Bertone, S., Bianchi, L., Blanco-Cuaresma, S., Boch, T., Bombrun, A., Bossini, D., Bouquillon, S., Bragaglia, A., Bramante, L., Breedt, E., Bressan, A., Brouillet, N., Bucciarelli, B., Burlacu, A., Busonero, D., Butkevich, A. G., Buzzi, R., Caffau, E., Cancelliere, R., Cánovas, H., Carballo, R., Carlucci, T., Carnerero, M. I, Carrasco, J. M., Casamiquela, L., Castellani, M., Castro-Ginard, A., Sampol, P. Castro, Chaoul, L., Charlot, P., Chiavassa, A., Cioni, M. -R. L., Comoretto, G., Cooper, W. J., Cornez, T., Cowell, S., Crifo, F., Crosta, M., Crowley, C., Dafonte, C., Dapergolas, A., David, M., David, P., deLaverny, P., DeLuise, F., DeMarch, R., DeRidder, J., deSouza, R., de Teodoro, P., de Torres, A., del Peloso, E. F., del Pozo, E., Delgado, A., Delgado, H. E., Delisle, J. -B., Di Matteo, P., Diakite, S., Diener, C., Distefano, E., Dolding, C., Eappachen, D., Enke, H., Esquej, P., Fabre, C., Fabrizio, M., Faigler, S., Fedorets, G., Fernique, P., Fienga, A., Fouron, C., Fragkoudi, F., Fraile, E., Franke, F., Gai, M., Garabato, D., Garcia-Gutierrez, A., García-Torres, M., Garofalo, A., Gavras, P., Gerlach, E., Geyer, R., Giacobbe, P., Gilmore, G., Girona, S., Giuffrida, G., Gomez, A., Gonzalez-Santamaria, I., González-Vidal, J. J., Granvik, M., Gutiérrez-Sánchez, R., Guy, L. P., Hauser, M., Haywood, M., Hidalgo, S. L., Hilger, T., Hładczuk, N., Hobbs, D., Holland, G., Huckle, H. E., Jasniewicz, G., Jonker, P. G., Campillo, J. Juaristi, Julbe, F., Karbevska, L., Kervella, P., Kochoska, A., Kontizas, M., Korn, A. J., Kostrzewa-Rutkowska, Z., Kruszyńska, K., Lambert, S., Lanza, A. F., Lasne, Y., Campion, J. -F. Le, Fustec, Y. Le, Lebreton, Y., Lebzelter, T., Leccia, S., Leclerc, N., Lecoeur-Taibi, I., Liao, S., Licata, E., Lindstrøm, H. E. P., Lister, T. A., Livanou, E., Lobel, A., Pardo, P. Madrero, Managau, S., Mann, R. G., Marchant, J. M., Marconi, M., Santos, M. M. S. Marcos, Marinoni, S., Marocco, F., Marshall, D. J., Polo, L. Martin, Martín-Fleitas, J. M., Masip, A., Massari, D., Mastrobuono-Battisti, A., Mazeh, T., Messina, S., Michalik, D., Millar, N. R., Mints, A., Molina, D., Molinaro, R., Molnár, L., Montegriffo, P., Mor, R., Morbidelli, R., Morel, T., Morris, D., Mulone, A. F., Munoz, D., Muraveva, T., Murphy, C. P., Musella, I., Noval, L., Ordénovic, C., Orrù, G., Osinde, J., Pagani, C., Pagano, I., Palaversa, L., Palicio, P. A., Panahi, A., Pawlak, M., Esteller, X. Peñalosa, Penttilä, A., Piersimoni, A. M., Pineau, F. -X., Plachy, E., Plum, G., Poggio, E., Poretti, E., Poujoulet, E., Prša, A., Pulone, L., Racero, E., Ragaini, S., Rainer, M., Raiteri, C. M., Rambaux, N., Ramos-Lerate, M., Fiorentin, P. Re, Regibo, S., Reylé, C., Ripepi, V., Riva, A., Rixon, G., Robichon, N., Robin, C., Roelens, M., Rohrbasser, L., Rowell, N., Royer, F., Rybicki, K. A., Sadowski, G., Sellés, A. Sagristà, Sahlmann, J., Salgado, J., Salguero, E., Samaras, N., Gimenez, V. Sanchez, Sanna, N., Santoveña, R., Sarasso, M., Schultheis, M., Sciacca, E., Segol, M., Segovia, J. C., Ségransan, D., Semeux, D., Siddiqui, H. I., Siebert, A., Siltala, L., Slezak, E., Smart, R. L., Solano, E., Solitro, F., Souami, D., Souchay, J., Spagna, A., Spoto, F., Steele, I. A., Steidelmüller, H., Stephenson, C. A., Süveges, M., Szabados, L., Szegedi-Elek, E., Taris, F., Tauran, G., Taylor, M. B., Teixeira, R., Thuillot, W., Tonello, N., Torra, F., Torra, J., Turon, C., Unger, N., Vaillant, M., van Dillen, E., Vanel, O., Vecchiato, A., Viala, Y., Vicente, D., Voutsinas, S., Weiler, M., Wevers, T., Wyrzykowski, L., Yoldas, A., Yvard, P., Zhao, H., Zorec, J., Zucker, S., Zurbach, C., and Zwitter, T.
Subjects: Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies
Abstract: We aim to demonstrate the scientific potential of the Gaia Early Data Release 3 (EDR3) for the study of the Milky Way structure and evolution. We used astrometric positions, proper motions, parallaxes, and photometry from EDR3 to select different populations and components and to calculate the distances and velocities in the direction of the anticentre. We explore the disturbances of the current disc, the spatial and kinematical distributions of early accreted versus in-situ stars, the structures in the outer parts of the disc, and the orbits of open clusters Berkeley 29 and Saurer 1. We find that: i) the dynamics of the Galactic disc are very complex with vertical asymmetries, and new correlations, including a bimodality with disc stars with large angular momentum moving vertically upwards from below the plane, and disc stars with slightly lower angular momentum moving preferentially downwards; ii) we resolve the kinematic substructure (diagonal ridges) in the outer parts of the disc for the first time; iii) the red sequence that has been associated with the proto-Galactic disc that was present at the time of the merger with Gaia-Enceladus-Sausage is currently radially concentrated up to around 14 kpc, while the blue sequence that has been associated with debris of the satellite extends beyond that; iv) there are density structures in the outer disc, both above and below the plane, most probably related to Monoceros, the Anticentre Stream, and TriAnd, for which the Gaia data allow an exhaustive selection of candidate member stars and dynamical study; and v) the open clusters Berkeley~29 and Saurer~1, despite being located at large distances from the Galactic centre, are on nearly circular disc-like orbits. We demonstrate how, once again, the Gaia are crucial for our understanding of the different pieces of our Galaxy and their connection to its global structure and history., Comment: Gaia EDR3 performance verification paper, version 2 closer to published version in A&A, complete list of authors
Published: 2021
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26. TESS observations of Cepheid stars: first light results

Author: Plachy, E., Pál, A., Bódi, A., Szabó, P., Molnár, L., Szabados, L., Benkő, J. M., Anderson, R. I., Bellinger, E. P., Bhardwaj, A., Ebadi, M., Gazeas, K., Hambsch, F. -J., Hasanzadeh, A., Jurkovic, M. I., Kalaee, M. J., Kervella, P., Kolenberg, K., Mikołajczyk, P., Nardetto, N., Nemec, J. M., Netzel, H., Ngeow, C. -C., Ozuyar, D., Pascual-Granado, J., Pilecki, B., Ripepi, V., Skarka, M., Smolec, R., Sódor, Á., Szabó, R., Christensen-Dalsgaard, J., Jenkins, J. M., Kjeldsen, H., Ricker, G. R., and Vanderspek, R.
Subjects: Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics
Abstract: We present the first analysis of Cepheid stars observed by the TESS space mission in Sectors 1 to 5. Our sample consists of 25 pulsators: ten fundamental mode, three overtone and two double-mode classical Cepheids, plus three Type II and seven anomalous Cepheids. The targets were chosen from fields with different stellar densities, both from the Galactic field and from the Magellanic System. Three targets have 2-minute cadence light curves available by the TESS Science Processing Operations Center: for the rest, we prepared custom light curves from the full-frame images with our own differential photometric FITSH pipeline. Our main goal was to explore the potential and the limitations of TESS concerning the various subtypes of Cepheids. We detected many low amplitude features: weak modulation, period jitter, and timing variations due to light-time effect. We also report signs of non-radial modes and the first discovery of such a mode in an anomalous Cepheid, the overtone star XZ Cet, which we then confirmed with ground-based multicolor photometric measurements. We prepared a custom photometric solution to minimize saturation effects in the bright fundamental-mode classical Cepheid, $\beta$ Dor with the lightkurve software, and we revealed strong evidence of cycle-to-cycle variations in the star. In several cases, however, fluctuations in the pulsation could not be distinguished from instrumental effects, such as contamination from nearby sources which also varies between sectors. Finally, we discuss how precise light curve shapes will be crucial not only for classification purposes but also to determine physical properties of these stars., Comment: 30 pages, 18 figures, accepted for publication in ApJS
Published: 2020
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27. Gaia Early Data Release 3: The Gaia Catalogue of Nearby Stars

Author: Gaia Collaboration, Smart, R. L., Sarro, L. M., Rybizki, J., Reylé, C., Robin, A. C., Hambly, N. C., Abbas, U., Barstow, M. A., de Bruijne, J. H. J., Bucciarelli, B., Carrasco, J. M., Cooper, W. J., Hodgkin, S. T., Masana, E., Michalik, D., Sahlmann, J., Sozzetti, A., Brown, A. G. A., Vallenari, A., Prusti, T., Babusiaux, C., Biermann, M., Creevey, O. L., Evans, D. W., Eyer, L., Hutton, A., Jansen, F., Jordi, C., Klioner, S. A., Lammers, U., Lindegren, L., Luri, X., Mignard, F., Panem, C., Pourbaix, D., Randich, S., Sartoretti, P., Soubiran, C., Walton, N. A., Arenou, F., Bailer-Jones, C. A. L., Bastian, U., Cropper, M., Drimmel, R., Katz, D., Lattanzi, M. G., van Leeuwen, F., Bakker, J., Castañeda, J., De Angeli, F., Ducourant, C., Fabricius, C., Fouesneau, M., Frémat, Y., Guerra, R., Guerrier, A., Guiraud, J., Piccolo, A. Jean-Antoine, Messineo, R., Mowlavi, N., Nicolas, C., Nienartowicz, K., Pailler, F., Panuzzo, P., Riclet, F., Roux, W., Seabroke, G. M., Sordo, R., Tanga, P., Thévenin, F., Gracia-Abril, G., Portell, J., Teyssier, D., Altmann, M., Andrae, R., Bellas-Velidis, I., Benson, K., Berthier, J., Blomme, R., Brugaletta, E., Burgess, P. W., Busso, G., Carry, B., Cellino, A., Cheek, N., Clementini, G., Damerdji, Y., Davidson, M., Delchambre, L., Dell'Oro, A., Fernández-Hernández, J., Galluccio, L., García-Lario, P., Garcia-Reinaldos, M., González-Núñez, J., Gosset, E., Haigron, R., Halbwachs, J. -L., Harrison, D. L., Hatzidimitriou, D., Heiter, U., Hernández, J., Hestroffer, D., Holl, B., Janßen, K., de Fombelle, G. Jevardat, Jordan, S., Krone-Martins, A., Lanzafame, A. C., Löffler, W., Lorca, A., Manteiga, M., Marchal, O., Marrese, P. M., Moitinho, A., Mora, A., Muinonen, K., Osborne, P., Pancino, E., Pauwels, T., Recio-Blanco, A., Richards, P. J., Riello, M., Rimoldini, L., Roegiers, T., Siopis, C., Smith, M., Ulla, A., Utrilla, E., van Leeuwen, M., van Reeven, W., Aramburu, A. Abreu, Accart, S., Aerts, C., Aguado, J. J., Ajaj, M., Altavilla, G., Álvarez, M. A., Cid-Fuentes, J. Álvarez, Alves, J., Anderson, R. I., Varela, E. Anglada, Antoja, T., Audard, M., Baines, D., Baker, S. G., Balaguer-Núñez, L., Balbinot, E., Balog, Z., Barache, C., Barbato, D., Barros, M., Bartolomé, S., Bassilana, J. -L., Bauchet, N., Baudesson-Stella, A., Becciani, U., Bellazzini, M., Bernet, M., Bertone, S., Bianchi, L., Blanco-Cuaresma, S., Boch, T., Bombrun, A., Bossini, D., Bouquillon, S., Bragaglia, A., Bramante, L., Breedt, E., Bressan, A., Brouillet, N., Burlacu, A., Busonero, D., Butkevich, A. G., Buzzi, R., Caffau, E., Cancelliere, R., Cánovas, H., Cantat-Gaudin, T., Carballo, R., Carlucci, T., Carnerero, M. I, Casamiquela, L., Castellani, M., Castro-Ginard, A., Sampol, P. Castro, Chaoul, L., Charlot, P., Chemin, L., Chiavassa, A., Cioni, M. -R. L., Comoretto, G., Cornez, T., Cowell, S., Crifo, F., Crosta, M., Crowley, C., Dafonte, C., Dapergolas, A., David, M., David, P., de Laverny, P., De Luise, F., De March, R., De Ridder, J., de Souza, R., de Teodoro, P., de Torres, A., del Peloso, E. F., del Pozo, E., Delgado, A., Delgado, H. E., Delisle, J. -B., Di Matteo, P., Diakite, S., Diener, C., Distefano, E., Dolding, C., Eappachen, D., Edvardsson, B., Enke, H., Esquej, P., Fabre, C., Fabrizio, M., Faigler, S., Fedorets, G., Fernique, P., Fienga, A., Figueras, F., Fouron, C., Fragkoudi, F., Fraile, E., Franke, F., Gai, M., Garabato, D., Garcia-Gutierrez, A., García-Torres, M., Garofalo, A., Gavras, P., Gerlach, E., Geyer, R., Giacobbe, P., Gilmore, G., Girona, S., Giuffrida, G., Gomel, R., Gomez, A., Gonzalez-Santamaria, I., González-Vidal, J. J., Granvik, M., Gutiérrez-Sánchez, R., Guy, L. P., Hauser, M., Haywood, M., Helmi, A., Hidalgo, S. L., Hilger, T., Hładczuk, N., Hobbs, D., Holland, G., Huckle, H. E., Jasniewicz, G., Jonker, P. G., Campillo, J. Juaristi, Julbe, F., Karbevska, L., Kervella, P., Khanna, S., Kochoska, A., Kontizas, M., Kordopatis, G., Korn, A. J., Kostrzewa-Rutkowska, Z., Kruszyńska, K., Lambert, S., Lanza, A. F., Lasne, Y., Campion, J. -F. Le, Fustec, Y. Le, Lebreton, Y., Lebzelter, T., Leccia, S., Leclerc, N., Lecoeur-Taibi, I., Liao, S., Licata, E., Lindstrøm, H. E. P., Lister, T. A., Livanou, E., Lobel, A., Pardo, P. Madrero, Managau, S., Mann, R. G., Marchant, J. M., Marconi, M., Santos, M. M. S. Marcos, Marinoni, S., Marocco, F., Marshall, D. J., Polo, L. Martin, Martín-Fleitas, J. M., Masip, A., Massari, D., Mastrobuono-Battisti, A., Mazeh, T., McMillan, P. J., Messina, S., Millar, N. R., Mints, A., Molina, D., Molinaro, R., Molnár, L., Montegriffo, P., Mor, R., Morbidelli, R., Morel, T., Morris, D., Mulone, A. F., Munoz, D., Muraveva, T., Murphy, C. P., Musella, I., Noval, L., Ordénovic, C., Orrù, G., Osinde, J., Pagani, C., Pagano, I., Palaversa, L., Palicio, P. A., Panahi, A., Pawlak, M., Esteller, X. Peñalosa, Penttilä, A., Piersimoni, A. M., Pineau, F. -X., Plachy, E., Plum, G., Poggio, E., Poretti, E., Poujoulet, E., Prša, A., Pulone, L., Racero, E., Ragaini, S., Rainer, M., Raiteri, C. M., Rambaux, N., Ramos, P., Ramos-Lerate, M., Fiorentin, P. Re, Regibo, S., Ripepi, V., Riva, A., Rixon, G., Robichon, N., Robin, C., Roelens, M., Rohrbasser, L., Romero-Gómez, M., Rowell, N., Royer, F., Rybicki, K. A., Sadowski, G., Sellés, A. Sagristà, Salgado, J., Salguero, E., Samaras, N., Gimenez, V. Sanchez, Sanna, N., Santoveña, R., Sarasso, M., Schultheis, M., Sciacca, E., Segol, M., Segovia, J. C., Ségransan, D., Semeux, D., Shahaf, S., Siddiqui, H. I., Siebert, A., Siltala, L., Slezak, E., Solano, E., Solitro, F., Souami, D., Souchay, J., Spagna, A., Spoto, F., Steele, I. A., Steidelmüller, H., Stephenson, C. A., Süveges, M., Szabados, L., Szegedi-Elek, E., Taris, F., Tauran, G., Taylor, M. B., Teixeira, R., Thuillot, W., Tonello, N., Torra, F., Torra, J., Turon, C., Unger, N., Vaillant, M., van Dillen, E., Vanel, O., Vecchiato, A., Viala, Y., Vicente, D., Voutsinas, S., Weiler, M., Wevers, T., Wyrzykowski, L., Yoldas, A., Yvard, P., Zhao, H., Zorec, J., Zucker, S., Zurbach, C., and Zwitter, T.
Subjects: Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies
Abstract: We produce a clean and well-characterised catalogue of objects within 100\,pc of the Sun from the \G\ Early Data Release 3. We characterise the catalogue through comparisons to the full data release, external catalogues, and simulations. We carry out a first analysis of the science that is possible with this sample to demonstrate its potential and best practices for its use. The selection of objects within 100\,pc from the full catalogue used selected training sets, machine-learning procedures, astrometric quantities, and solution quality indicators to determine a probability that the astrometric solution is reliable. The training set construction exploited the astrometric data, quality flags, and external photometry. For all candidates we calculated distance posterior probability densities using Bayesian procedures and mock catalogues to define priors. Any object with reliable astrometry and a non-zero probability of being within 100\,pc is included in the catalogue. We have produced a catalogue of \NFINAL\ objects that we estimate contains at least 92\% of stars of stellar type M9 within 100\,pc of the Sun. We estimate that 9\% of the stars in this catalogue probably lie outside 100\,pc, but when the distance probability function is used, a correct treatment of this contamination is possible. We produced luminosity functions with a high signal-to-noise ratio for the main-sequence stars, giants, and white dwarfs. We examined in detail the Hyades cluster, the white dwarf population, and wide-binary systems and produced candidate lists for all three samples. We detected local manifestations of several streams, superclusters, and halo objects, in which we identified 12 members of \G\ Enceladus. We present the first direct parallaxes of five objects in multiple systems within 10\,pc of the Sun., Comment: 45 Pages, 39 figures in main part and 18 in appendix, tables on CDS
Published: 2020
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28. Gaia Early Data Release 3: Acceleration of the solar system from Gaia astrometry

Author: Gaia Collaboration, Klioner, S. A., Mignard, F., Lindegren, L., Bastian, U., McMillan, P. J., Hernández, J., Hobbs, D., Ramos-Lerate, M., Biermann, M., Bombrun, A., de Torres, A., Gerlach, E., Geyer, R., Hilger, T., Lammers, U., Steidelmüller, H., Stephenson, C. A., Brown, A. G. A., Vallenari, A., Prusti, T., de Bruijne, J. H. J., Babusiaux, C., Creevey, O. L., Evans, D. W., Eyer, L., Hutton, A., Jansen, F., Jordi, C., Luri, X., Panem, C., Pourbaix, D., Randich, S., Sartoretti, P., Soubiran, C., Walton, N. A., Arenou, F., Bailer-Jones, C. A. L., Cropper, M., Drimmel, R., Katz, D., Lattanzi, M. G., van Leeuwen, F., Bakker, J., Castañeda, J., De Angeli, F., Ducourant, C., Fabricius, C., Fouesneau, M., Frémat, Y., Guerra, R., Guerrier, A., Guiraud, J., Piccolo, A. Jean-Antoine, Masana, E., Messineo, R., Mowlavi, N., Nicolas, C., Nienartowicz, K., Pailler, F., Panuzzo, P., Riclet, F., Roux, W., Seabroke, G. M., Sordo, R., Tanga, P., Thévenin, F., Gracia-Abril, G., Portell, J., Teyssier, D., Altmann, M., Andrae, R., Bellas-Velidis, I., Benson, K., Berthier, J., Blomme, R., Brugaletta, E., Burgess, P. W., Busso, G., Carry, B., Cellino, A., Cheek, N., Clementini, G., Damerdji, Y., Davidson, M., Delchambre, L., Dell'Oro, A., Fernández-Hernández, J., Galluccio, L., García-Lario, P., Garcia-Reinaldos, M., González-Núñez, J., Gosset, E., Haigron, R., Halbwachs, J. -L., Hambly, N. C., Harrison, D. L., Hatzidimitriou, D., Heiter, U., Hestroffer, D., Hodgkin, S. T., Holl, B., Janßen, K., de Fombelle, G. Jevardat, Jordan, S., Krone-Martins, A., Lanzafame, A. C., Löffler, W., Lorca, A., Manteiga, M., Marchal, O., Marrese, P. M., Moitinho, A., Mora, A., Muinonen, K., Osborne, P., Pancino, E., Pauwels, T., Recio-Blanco, A., Richards, P. J., Riello, M., Rimoldini, L., Robin, A. C., Roegiers, T., Rybizki, J., Sarro, L. M., Siopis, C., Smith, M., Sozzetti, A., Ulla, A., Utrilla, E., van Leeuwen, M., van Reeven, W., Abbas, U., Aramburu, A. Abreu, Accart, S., Aerts, C., Aguado, J. J., Ajaj, M., Altavilla, G., Álvarez, M. A., Cid-Fuentes, J. Álvarez, Alves, J., Anderson, R. I., Varela, E. Anglada, Antoja, T., Audard, M., Baines, D., Baker, S. G., Balaguer-Nú\-nez, L., Balbinot, E., Balog, Z., Barache, C., Barbato, D., Barros, M., Barstow, M. A., Bartolomé, S., Bassilana, J. -L., Bauchet, N., Baudesson-Stella, A., Becciani, U., Bellazzini, M., Bernet, M., Bertone, S., Bianchi, L., Blanco-Cuaresma, S., Boch, T., Bossini, D., Bouquillon, S., Bramante, L., Breedt, E., Bressan, A., Brouillet, N., Bucciarelli, B., Burlacu, A., Busonero, D., Butkevich, A. G., Buzzi, R., Caffau, E., Cancelliere, R., Cánovas, H., Cantat-Gaudin, T., Carballo, R., Carlucci, T., Carnerero, M. I, Carrasco, J. M., Casamiquela, L., Castellani, M., Castro-Ginard, A., Sampol, P. Castro, Chaoul, L., Charlot, P., Chemin, L., Chiavassa, A., Comoretto, G., Cooper, W. J., Cornez, T., Cowell, S., Crifo, F., Crosta, M., Crowley, C., Dafonte, C., Dapergolas, A., David, M., David, P., de Laverny, P., De Luise, F., De March, R., De Ridder, J., de Souza, R., de Teodoro, P., del Peloso, E. F., del Pozo, E., Delgado, A., Delgado, H. E., Delisle, J. -B., Di Matteo, P., Diakite, S., Diener, C., Distefano, E., Dolding, C., Eappachen, D., Enke, H., Esquej, P., Fabre, C., Fabrizio, M., Faigler, S., Fedorets, G., Fernique, P., Fienga, A., Figueras, F., Fouron, C., Fragkoudi, F., Fraile, E., Franke, F., Gai, M., Garabato, D., Garcia-Gutierrez, A., García-Torres, M., Garofalo, A., Gavras, P., Giacobbe, P., Gilmore, G., Girona, S., Giuffrida, G., Gomez, A., Gonzalez-Santamaria, I., González-Vidal, J. J., Granvik, M., Gutiérrez-Sánchez, R., Guy, L. P., Hauser, M., Haywood, M., Helmi, A., Hidalgo, S. L., Hładczuk, N., Holland, G., Huckle, H. E., Jasniewicz, G., Jonker, P. G., Campillo, J. Juaristi, Julbe, F., Karbevska, L., Kervella, P., Khanna, S., Kochoska, A., Kordopatis, G., Korn, A. J., Kostrzewa-Rutkowska, Z., Kruszyńska, K., Lambert, S., Lanza, A. F., Lasne, Y., Campion, J. -F. Le, Fustec, Y. Le, Lebreton, Y., Lebzelter, T., Leccia, S., Leclerc, N., Lecoeur-Taibi, I., Liao, S., Licata, E., Lindstrøm, H. E. P., Lister, T. A., Livanou, E., Lobel, A., Pardo, P. Madrero, Managau, S., Mann, R. G., Marchant, J. M., Marconi, M., Santos, M. M. S. Marcos, Marinoni, S., Marocco, F., Marshall, D. J., Polo, L. Martin, Martín-Fleitas, J. M., Masip, A., Massari, D., Mastrobuono-Battisti, A., Mazeh, T., Messina, S., Michalik, D., Millar, N. R., Mints, A., Molina, D., Molinaro, R., Molnár, L., Montegriffo, P., Mor, R., Morbidelli, R., Morel, T., Morris, D., Mulone, A. F., Munoz, D., Muraveva, T., Murphy, C. P., Musella, I., Noval, L., Ordénovic, C., Orrù, G., Osinde, J., Pagani, C., Pagano, I., Palaversa, L., Palicio, P. A., Panahi, A., Pawlak, M., Esteller, X. Pe\-nalosa, Penttilä, A., Piersimoni, A. M., Pineau, F. -X., Plachy, E., Plum, G., Poggio, E., Poretti, E., Poujoulet, E., Prša, A., Pulone, L., Racero, E., Ragaini, S., Rainer, M., Raiteri, C. M., Rambaux, N., Ramos, P., Fiorentin, P. Re, Regibo, S., Reylé, C., Ripepi, V., Riva, A., Rixon, G., Robichon, N., Robin, C., Roelens, M., Rohrbasser, L., Romero-Gómez, M., Rowell, N., Royer, F., Rybicki, K. A., Sadowski, G., Sellés, A. Sagristà, Sahlmann, J., Salgado, J., Salguero, E., Samaras, N., Gimenez, V. Sanchez, Sanna, N., Santoveña, R., Sarasso, M., Schultheis, M., Sciacca, E., Segol, M., Segovia, J. C., Ségransan, D., Semeux, D., Siddiqui, H. I., Siebert, A., Siltala, L., Slezak, E., Smart, R. L., Solano, E., Solitro, F., Souami, D., Souchay, J., Spagna, A., Spoto, F., Steele, I. A., Süveges, M., Szabados, L., Szegedi-Elek, E., Taris, F., Tauran, G., Taylor, M. B., Teixeira, R., Thuillot, W., Tonello, N., Torra, F., Torray, J., Turon, C., Unger, N., Vaillant, M., van Dillen, E., Vanel, O., Vecchiato, A., Viala, Y., Vicente, D., Voutsinas, S., Weiler, M., Wevers, T., Wyrzykowski, Ł., Yoldas, A., Yvard, P., Zhao, H., Zorec, J., Zucker, S., Zurbach, C., and Zwitter, T.
Subjects: Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies
Abstract: Context. Gaia Early Data Release 3 (Gaia EDR3) provides accurate astrometry for about 1.6 million compact (QSO-like) extragalactic sources, 1.2 million of which have the best-quality five-parameter astrometric solutions. Aims. The proper motions of QSO-like sources are used to reveal a systematic pattern due to the acceleration of the solar system barycentre with respect to the rest frame of the Universe. Apart from being an important scientific result by itself, the acceleration measured in this way is a good quality indicator of the Gaia astrometric solution. Methods. The effect of the acceleration is obtained as a part of the general expansion of the vector field of proper motions in Vector Spherical Harmonics (VSH). Various versions of the VSH fit and various subsets of the sources are tried and compared to get the most consistent result and a realistic estimate of its uncertainty. Additional tests with the Gaia astrometric solution are used to get a better idea on possible systematic errors in the estimate. Results. Our best estimate of the acceleration based on Gaia EDR3 is $(2.32 \pm 0.16) \times 10^{-10}$ m s${}^{-2}$ (or $7.33 \pm 0.51$ km s$^{-1}$ Myr${}^{-1}$) towards $\alpha = 269.1^\circ \pm 5.4^\circ$, $\delta = -31.6^\circ \pm 4.1^\circ$, corresponding to a proper motion amplitude of $5.05 \pm 0.35$ $\mu$as yr${}^{-1}$. This is in good agreement with the acceleration expected from current models of the Galactic gravitational potential. We expect that future Gaia data releases will provide estimates of the acceleration with uncertainties substantially below 0.1 $\mu$as yr${}^{-1}$., Comment: A&A, accepted
Published: 2020
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29. Gaia Early Data Release 3: Structure and properties of the Magellanic Clouds

Author: Gaia Collaboration, Luri, X., Chemin, L., Clementini, G., Delgado, H. E., McMillan, P. J., Romero-Gómez, M., Balbinot, E., Castro-Ginard, A., Mor, R., Ripepi, V., Sarro, L. M., Cioni, M. -R. L., Fabricius, C., Garofalo, A., Helmi, A., Muraveva, T., Brown, A. G. A., Vallenari, A., Prusti, T., de, J. H. J., Babusiaux, C., Biermann, M., Creevey, O. L., Evans, D. W., Eyer, L., Hutton, A., Jansen, F., Jordi, C., Klioner, S. A., Lammers, U., Lindegren, L., Mignard, F., Panem, C., Pourbaix, D., Randich, S., Sartoretti, P., Soubiran, C., Walton, N. A., Arenou, F., Bailer-Jones, C. A. L., Bastian, U., Cropper, M., Drimmel, R., Katz, D., Lattanzi, M. G., van Leeuwen, F., Bakker, J., Castañeda, J., De, F., Ducourant, C., Fouesneau, M., Frémat, Y., Guerra, R., Guerrier, A., Guiraud, J., Jean-Antoine, A., Masana, E., Messineo, R., Mowlavi, N., Nicolas, C., Nienartowicz, K., Pailler, F., Panuzzo, P., Riclet, F., Roux, W., Seabroke, G. M., Sordo, R., Tanga, P., Thévenin, F., Gracia-Abril, G., Portell, J., Teyssier, D., Altmann, M., Andrae, R., Bellas-Velidis, I., Benson, K., Berthier, J., Blomme, R., Brugaletta, E., Burgess, P. W., Busso, G., Carry, B., Cellino, A., Cheek, N., Damerdji, Y., Davidson, M., Delchambre, L., Dell'Oro, A., Fernández-Hernández, J., Galluccio, L., García-Lario, P., Garcia-Reinaldos, M., González-Núñez, J., Gosset, E., Haigron, R., Halbwachs, J. -L., Hambly, N. C., Harrison, D. L., Hatzidimitriou, D., Heiter, U., Hernández, J., Hestroffer, D., Hodgkin, S. T., Holl, B., Janßen, K., de Fombelle, G. Jevardat, Jordan, S., Krone-Martins, A., Lanzafame, A. C., Löffler, W., Lorca, A., Manteiga, M., Marchal, O., Marrese, P. M., Moitinho, A., Mora, A., Muinonen, K., Osborne, P., Pancino, E., Pauwels, T., Recio-Blanco, A., Richards, P. J., Riello, M., Rimoldini, L., Robin, A. C., Roegiers, T., Rybizki, J., Siopis, C., Smith, M., Sozzetti, A., Ulla, A., Utrilla, E., van Leeuwen, M., van Reeven, W., Abbas, U., Abreu, A., Accart, S., Aerts, C., Aguado, J. J., Ajaj, M., Altavilla, G., Álvarez, M. A., Cid-Fuentes, J. Álvarez, Alves, J., Anderson, R. I., Varela, E. Anglada, Antoja, T., Audard, M., Baines, D., Baker, S. G., Balaguer-Núñez, L., Balog, Z., Barache, C., Barbato, D., Barros, M., Barstow, M. A., Bartolomé, S., Bassilana, J. -L., Bauchet, N., Baudesson-Stella, A., Becciani, U., Bellazzini, M., Bernet, M., Bertone, S., Bianchi, L., Blanco-Cuaresma, S., Boch, T., Bombrun, A., Bossini, D., Bouquillon, S., Bragaglia, A., Bramante, L., Breedt, E., Bressan, A., Brouillet, N., Bucciarelli, B., Burlacu, A., Busonero, D., Butkevich, A. G., Buzzi, R., Caffau, E., Cancelliere, R., Cánovas, H., Cantat-Gaudin, T., Carballo, R., Carlucci, T., Carnerero, M. I, Carrasco, J. M., Casamiquela, L., Castellani, M., Sampol, P. Castro, Chaoul, L., Charlot, P., Chiavassa, A., Comoretto, G., Cooper, W. J., Cornez, T., Cowell, S., Crifo, F., Crosta, M., Crowley, C., Dafonte, C., Dapergolas, A., David, M., David, P., de Laverny, P., De Luise, F., De March, R., De Ridder, J., de Souza, R., de Teodoro, P., de Torres, A., del Peloso, E. F., del Pozo, E., Delgado, A., Delisle, J. -B., Di Matteo, P., Diakite, S., Diener, C., Distefano, E., Dolding, C., Eappachen, D., Enke, H., Esquej, P., Fabre, C., Fabrizio, M., Faigler, S., Fedorets, G., Fernique, P., Fienga, A., Figueras, F., Fouron, C., Fragkoudi, F., Fraile, E., Franke, F., Gai, M., Garabato, D., Garcia-Gutierrez, A., García-Torres, M., Gavras, P., Gerlach, E., Geyer, R., Giacobbe, P., Gilmore, G., Girona, S., Giuffrida, G., Gomez, A., Gonzalez-Santamaria, I., González-Vidal, J. J., Granvik, M., Gutiérrez-Sánchez, R., Guy, L. P., Hauser, M., Haywood, M., Hidalgo, S. L., Hilger, T., Hładczuk, N., Hobbs, D., Holland, G., Huckle, H. E., Jasniewicz, G., Jonker, P. G., Juaristi, J., Julbe, F., Karbevska, L., Kervella, P., Khanna, S., Kochoska, A., Kontizas, M., Kordopatis, G., Korn, A. J., Kostrzewa-Rutkowska, Z., Kruszyńska, K., Lambert, S., Lanza, A. F., Lasne, Y., Campion, J. -F. Le, Fustec, Y. Le, Lebreton, Y., Lebzelter, T., Leccia, S., Leclerc, N., Lecoeur-Taibi, I., Liao, S., Licata, E., Lindstrøm, H. E. P., Lister, T. A., Livanou, E., Lobel, A., Madrero, P., Managau, S., Mann, R. G., Marchant, J. M., Marconi, M., Marcos, M. M. S., Marinoni, S., Marocco, F., Marshall, D. J., Polo, L. Martin, Martín-Fleitas, J. M., Masip, A., Massari, D., Mastrobuono-Battisti, A., Mazeh, T., Messina, S., Michalik, D., Millar, N. R., Mints, A., Molina, D., Molinaro, R., Molnár, L., Montegriffo, P., Morbidelli, R., Morel, T., Morris, D., Mulone, A. F., Munoz, D., Murphy, C. P., Musella, I., Noval, L., Ordénovic, C., Orrù, G., Osinde, J., Pagani, C., Pagano, I., Palaversa, L., Palicio, P. A., Panahi, A., Pawlak, M., Peñalosa, X., Penttilä, A., Piersimoni, A. M., Pineau, F. -X., Plachy, E., Plum, G., Poggio, E., Poretti, E., Poujoulet, E., Prša, A., Pulone, L., Racero, E., Ragaini, S., Rainer, M., Raiteri, C. M., Rambaux, N., Ramos, P., Ramos-Lerate, M., Re, P., Regibo, S., Reylé, C., Riva, A., Rixon, G., Robichon, N., Robin, C., Roelens, M., Rohrbasser, L., Rowell, N., Royer, F., Rybicki, K. A., Sadowski, G., Sagristà, A., Sahlmann, J., Salgado, J., Salguero, E., Samaras, N., Sanchez, V., Sanna, N., Santoveña, R., Sarasso, M., Schultheis, M., Sciacca, E., Segol, M., Segovia, J. C., Ségransan, D., Semeux, D., Siddiqui, H. I., Siebert, A., Siltala, L., Slezak, E., Smart, R. L., Solano, E., Solitro, F., Souami, D., Souchay, J., Spagna, A., Spoto, F., Steele, I. A., Steidelmüller, H., Stephenson, C. A., Süveges, M., Szabados, L., Szegedi-Elek, E., Taris, F., Tauran, G., Taylor, M. B., Teixeira, R., Thuillot, W., Tonello, N., Torra, F., Torra, J., Turon, C., Unger, N., Vaillant, M., van, E., Vanel, O., Vecchiato, A., Viala, Y., Vicente, D., Voutsinas, S., Weiler, M., Wevers, T., Wyrzykowski, Ł., Yoldas, A., Yvard, P., Zhao, H., Zorec, J., Zucker, S., Zurbach, C., and Zwitter, T.
Subjects: Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies
Abstract: We compare the Gaia DR2 and Gaia EDR3 performances in the study of the Magellanic Clouds and show the clear improvements in precision and accuracy in the new release. We also show that the systematics still present in the data make the determination of the 3D geometry of the LMC a difficult endeavour; this is at the very limit of the usefulness of the Gaia EDR3 astrometry, but it may become feasible with the use of additional external data. We derive radial and tangential velocity maps and global profiles for the LMC for the several subsamples we defined. To our knowledge, this is the first time that the two planar components of the ordered and random motions are derived for multiple stellar evolutionary phases in a galactic disc outside the Milky Way, showing the differences between younger and older phases. We also analyse the spatial structure and motions in the central region, the bar, and the disc, providing new insights into features and kinematics. Finally, we show that the Gaia EDR3 data allows clearly resolving the Magellanic Bridge, and we trace the density and velocity flow of the stars from the SMC towards the LMC not only globally, but also separately for young and evolved populations. This allows us to confirm an evolved population in the Bridge that is slightly shift from the younger population. Additionally, we were able to study the outskirts of both Magellanic Clouds, in which we detected some well-known features and indications of new ones., Comment: This paper is part of the "demonstration papers" released with Gaia EDR3: https://www.cosmos.esa.int/web/gaia/earlydr3
Published: 2020
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30. Gaia Early Data Release 3: Summary of the contents and survey properties

Author: Gaia Collaboration, Brown, A. G. A, Vallenari, A., Prusti, T., de Bruijne, J. H. J., Babusiaux, C., Biermann, M., Creevey, O. L., Evans, D. W., Eyer, L., Hutton, A., Jansen, F., Jordi, C., Klioner, S. A., Lammers, U., Lindegren, L., Luri, X., Mignard, F., Panem, C., Pourbaix, D., Randich, S., Sartoretti, P., Soubiran, C., Walton, N. A., Arenou, F., Bailer-Jones, C. A. L., Bastian, U., Cropper, M., Drimmel, R., Katz, D., Lattanzi, M. G., van Leeuwen, F., Bakker, J., Cacciari, C., Castañeda, J., De Angeli, F., Ducourant, C., Fabricius, C., Fouesneau, M., Frémat, Y., Guerra, R., Guerrier, A., Guiraud, J., Piccolo, A. Jean-Antoine, Masana, E., Messineo, R., Mowlavi, N., Nicolas, C., Nienartowicz, K., Pailler, F., Panuzzo, P., Riclet, F., Roux, W., Seabroke, G. M., Sordo, R., Tanga, P., Thévenin, F., Gracia-Abril, G., Portell, J., Teyssier, D., Altmann, M., Andrae, R., Bellas-Velidis, I., Benson, K., Berthier, J., Blomme, R., Brugaletta, E., Burgess, P. W., Busso, G., Carry, B., Cellino, A., Cheek, N., Clementini, G., Damerdji, Y., Davidson, M., Delchambre, L., Dell'Oro, A., Fernández-Hernández, J., Galluccio, L., García-Lario, P., Garcia-Reinaldos, M., González-Núñez, J., Gosset, E., Haigron, R., Halbwachs, J. -L., Hambly, N. C., Harrison, D. L., Hatzidimitriou, D., Heiter, U., Hernández, J., Hestroffer, D., Hodgkin, S. T., Holl, B., Janßen, K., de Fombelle, G. Jevardat, Jordan, S., Krone-Martins, A., Lanzafame, A. C., o}ffler, W. L\"{, Lorca, A., Manteiga, M., Marchal, O., Marrese, P. M., Moitinho, A., Mora, A., Muinonen, K., Osborne, P., Pancino, E., Pauwels, T., Petit, J. -M., Recio-Blanco, A., Richards, P. J., Riello, M., Rimoldini, L., Robin, A. C., Roegiers, T., Rybizki, J., Sarro, L. M., Siopis, C., Smith, M., Sozzetti, A., Ulla, A., Utrilla, E., van Leeuwen, M., van Reeven, W., Abbas, U., Aramburu, A. Abreu, Accart, S., Aerts, C., Aguado, J. J., Ajaj, M., Altavilla, G., Álvarez, M. A., Cid-Fuentes, J. Álvarez, Alves, J., Anderson, R. I., Varela, E. Anglada, Antoja, T., Audard, M., Baines, D., Baker, S. G., Balaguer-Núñez, L., Balbinot, E., Balog, Z., Barache, C., Barbato, D., Barros, M., Barstow, M. A., Bartolomé, S., Bassilana, J. -L., Bauchet, N., Baudesson-Stella, A., Becciani, U., Bellazzini, M., Bernet, M., Bertone, S., Bianchi, L., Blanco-Cuaresma, S., Boch, T., Bombrun, A., Bossini, D., Bouquillon, S., Bragaglia, A., Bramante, L., Breedt, E., Bressan, A., Brouillet, N., Bucciarelli, B., Burlacu, A., Busonero, D., Butkevich, A. G., Buzzi, R., Caffau, E., Cancelliere, R., Cánovas, H., Cantat-Gaudin, T., Carballo, R., Carlucci, T., Carnerero, M. I, Carrasco, J. M., Casamiquela, L., Castellani, M., Castro-Ginard, A., Sampol, P. Castro, Chaoul, L., Charlot, P., Chemin, L., Chiavassa, A., Cioni, M. -R. L., Comoretto, G., Cooper, W. J., Cornez, T., Cowell, S., Crifo, F., Crosta, M., Crowley, C., Dafonte, C., Dapergolas, A., David, M., David, P., de Laverny, P., De Luise, F., De March, R., De Ridder, J., de Souza, R., de Teodoro, P., de Torres, A., del Peloso, E. F., del Pozo, E., Delbo, M., Delgado, A., Delgado, H. E., Delisle, J. -B., Di Matteo, P., Diakite, S., Diener, C., Distefano, E., Dolding, C., Eappachen, D., Edvardsson, B., Enke, H., Esquej, P., Fabre, C., Fabrizio, M., Faigler, S., Fedorets, G., Fernique, P., Fienga, A., Figueras, F., Fouron, C., Fragkoudi, F., Fraile, E., Franke, F., Gai, M., Garabato, D., Garcia-Gutierrez, A., García-Torres, M., Garofalo, A., Gavras, P., Gerlach, E., Geyer, R., Giacobbe, P., Gilmore, G., Girona, S., Giuffrida, G., Gomel, R., Gomez, A., Gonzalez-Santamaria, I., González-Vidal, J. J., Granvik, M., Gutiérrez-Sánchez, R., Guy, L. P., Hauser, M., Haywood, M., Helmi, A., Hidalgo, S. L., Hilger, T., Hładczuk, N., Hobbs, D., Holland, G., Huckle, H. E., Jasniewicz, G., Jonker, P. G., Campillo, J. Juaristi, Julbe, F., Karbevska, L., Kervella, P., Khanna, S., Kochoska, A., Kontizas, M., Kordopatis, G., Korn, A. J., Kostrzewa-Rutkowska, Z., Kruszyńska, K., Lambert, S., Lanza, A. F., Lasne, Y., Campion, J. -F. Le, Fustec, Y. Le, Lebreton, Y., Lebzelter, T., Leccia, S., Leclerc, N., Lecoeur-Taibi, I., Liao, S., Licata, E., Lindstrøm, H. E. P., Lister, T. A., Livanou, E., Lobel, A., Pardo, P. Madrero, Managau, S., Mann, R. G., Marchant, J. M., Marconi, M., Santos, M. M. S. Marcos, Marinoni, S., Marocco, F., Marshall, D. J., Polo, L. Martin, Martín-Fleitas, J. M., Masip, A., Massari, D., Mastrobuono-Battisti, A., Mazeh, T., McMillan, P. J., Messina, S., Michalik, D., Millar, N. R., Mints, A., Molina, D., Molinaro, R., Molnár, L., Montegriffo, P., Mor, R., Morbidelli, R., Morel, T., Morris, D., Mulone, A. F., Munoz, D., Muraveva, T., Murphy, C. P., Musella, I., Noval, L., Ordénovic, C., Orrù, G., Osinde, J., Pagani, C., Pagano, I., Palaversa, L., Palicio, P. A., Panahi, A., Pawlak, M., Esteller, X. Peñalosa, a}, A. Penttil\"{, Piersimoni, A. M., Pineau, F. -X., Plachy, E., Plum, G., Poggio, E., Poretti, E., Poujoulet, E., Prša, A., Pulone, L., Racero, E., Ragaini, S., Rainer, M., Raiteri, C. M., Rambaux, N., Ramos, P., Ramos-Lerate, M., Fiorentin, P. Re, Regibo, S., Reylé, C., Ripepi, V., Riva, A., Rixon, G., Robichon, N., Robin, C., Roelens, M., Rohrbasser, L., Romero-Gómez, M., Rowell, N., Royer, F., Rybicki, K. A., Sadowski, G., Sellés, A. Sagristà, Sahlmann, J., Salgado, J., Salguero, E., Samaras, N., Gimenez, V. Sanchez, Sanna, N., Santoveña, R., Sarasso, M., Schultheis, M., Sciacca, E., Segol, M., Segovia, J. C., Ségransan, D., Semeux, D., Shahaf, S., Siddiqui, H. I., Siebert, A., Siltala, L., Slezak, E., Smart, R. L., Solano, E., Solitro, F., Souami, D., Souchay, J., Spagna, A., Spoto, F., Steele, I. A., u}ller, H. Steidelm\"{, Stephenson, C. A., u}veges, M. S\"{, Szabados, L., Szegedi-Elek, E., Taris, F., Tauran, G., Taylor, M. B., Teixeira, R., Thuillot, W., Tonello, N., Torra, F., Torra, J., Turon, C., Unger, N., Vaillant, M., van Dillen, E., Vanel, O., Vecchiato, A., Viala, Y., Vicente, D., Voutsinas, S., Weiler, M., Wevers, T., Wyrzykowski, Ł., Yoldas, A., Yvard, P., Zhao, H., Zorec, J., Zucker, S., Zurbach, C., and Zwitter, T.
Subjects: Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies
Abstract: We present the early installment of the third Gaia data release, Gaia EDR3, consisting of astrometry and photometry for 1.8 billion sources brighter than magnitude 21, complemented with the list of radial velocities from Gaia DR2. Gaia EDR3 contains celestial positions and the apparent brightness in G for approximately 1.8 billion sources. For 1.5 billion of those sources, parallaxes, proper motions, and the (G_BP-G_RP) colour are also available. The passbands for G, G_BP, and G_RP are provided as part of the release. For ease of use, the 7 million radial velocities from Gaia DR2 are included in this release, after the removal of a small number of spurious values. New radial velocities will appear as part of Gaia DR3. Finally, Gaia EDR3 represents an updated materialisation of the celestial reference frame (CRF) in the optical, the Gaia-CRF3, which is based solely on extragalactic sources. The creation of the source list for Gaia EDR3 includes enhancements that make it more robust with respect to high proper motion stars, and the disturbing effects of spurious and partially resolved sources. The source list is largely the same as that for Gaia DR2, but it does feature new sources and there are some notable changes. The source list will not change for Gaia DR3. Gaia EDR3 represents a significant advance over Gaia DR2, with parallax precisions increased by 30 percent, proper motion precisions increased by a factor of 2, and the systematic errors in the astrometry suppressed by 30--40 percent for the parallaxes and by a factor ~2.5 for the proper motions. The photometry also features increased precision, but above all much better homogeneity across colour, magnitude, and celestial position. A single passband for G, G_BP, and G_RP is valid over the entire magnitude and colour range, with no systematics above the 1 percent level., Comment: Accepted for A&A Special Issue on Gaia EDR3, 21 pages, 2 figures. This version includes the updates in the erratum (https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202039657e)
Published: 2020
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31. Gaia 18dvy: a new FUor in the Cygnus OB3 association

Author: Szegedi-Elek, E., Ábrahám, P., Wyrzykowski, L., Kun, M., Kóspál, A., Chen, L., Marton, G., Moór, A., Kiss, Cs., Pál, A., Szabados, L., Varga, J., Varga-Verebélyi, E., Andreas, C., Bachelet, E., Bischoff, R., Bódi, A., Breedt, E., Burgaz, U., Butterley, T., Čepas, V., Damljanovic, G., Gezer, I., Godunova, V., Gromadzki, M., Gurgul, A., Hardy, L., Hildebrandt, F., Hoffmann, S., Hundertmark, M., Ihanec, N., Janulis, R., Kalup, Cs., Kaczmarek, Z., Könyves-Tóth, R., Krezinger, M., Kruszyńska, K., Littlefair, S., Maskoliūnas, M., Mészáros, L., Mikołajczyk, P., Mugrauer, M., Netzel, H., Ordasi, A., Pakštienė, E., Rybicki, K. A., Sárneczky, K., Seli, B., Simon, A., Šiškauskaitė, K., Sódor, Á., Sokolovsky, K. V., Stenglein, W., Street, R., Szakáts, R., Tomasella, L., Tsapras, Y., Vida, K., Zdanavičius, J., Zieliński, M., Zieliński, P., and Ziółkowska, O.
Subjects: Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics
Abstract: We present optical-infrared photometric and spectroscopic observations of Gaia18dvy, located in the Cygnus OB3 association at a distance of 1.88 kpc. The object was noted by the Gaia alerts system when its lightcurve exhibited a $\gtrsim$4 mag rise in 2018-2019. The brightening was also observable at mid-infared wavelengths. The infrared colors of Gaia18dvy became bluer as the outburst progressed. Its optical and near-infrared spectroscopic characteristics in the outburst phase are consistent with those of bona fide FU Orionis-type young eruptive stars. The progenitor of the outburst is probably a low-mass K-type star with an optical extinction of $\sim$3 mag. A radiative transfer modeling of the circumstellar structure, based on the quiescent spectral energy distribution, indicates a disk with a mass of $4{\times}10^{-3}\,M_{\odot}$. Our simple accretion disk modeling implies that the accretion rate had been exponentially increasing for more than 3 years until mid-2019, when it reached a peak value of $6.9 \times 10^{-6}\,M_{\odot}$yr$^{-1}$. In many respects, Gaia18dvy is similar to the FU Ori-type object HBC 722, Comment: 11 pages, 7 figures, accepted for publication in ApJ
Published: 2020
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32. Multiplicity of Galactic Cepheids and RR Lyrae stars from Gaia DR2 -- II. Resolved common proper motion pairs

Author: Kervella, P., Gallenne, A., Evans, N. R., Szabados, L., Arenou, F., Mérand, A., Nardetto, N., Gieren, W., and Pietrzynski, G.
Subjects: Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics
Abstract: Context. The multiplicity of classical Cepheids (CCs) and RR Lyrae stars (RRLs) is still imperfectly known, particularly for RRLs. Aims. In order to complement the close-in short orbital period systems presented in Paper I, our aim is to detect the wide, spatially resolved companions of the targets of our reference samples of Galactic CCs and RRLs. Methods. Angularly resolved common proper motion pairs were detected using a simple progressive selection algorithm to separate the most probable candidate companions from the unrelated field stars. Results. We found 27 resolved, high probability gravitationally bound systems with CCs out of 456 examined stars, and one unbound star embedded in the circumstellar dusty nebula of the long-period Cepheid RS Pup. We found seven spatially resolved, probably bound systems with RRL primaries out of 789 investigated stars, and 22 additional candidate pairs. We report in particular new companions of three bright RRLs: OV And (companion of F4V spectral type), RR Leo (M0V), and SS Oct (K2V). In addition, we discovered resolved companions of 14 stars that were likely misclassified as RRLs. Conclusions. The detection of resolved non-variable companions around CCs and RRLs facilitates the validation of their Gaia DR2 parallaxes. The possibility to conduct a detailed analysis of the resolved coeval companions of CCs and old population RRLs will also be valuable to progress on our understanding of their evolutionary path., Comment: 42 pages, published in Astronomy & Astrophysics
Published: 2019
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33. Identification of Young Stellar Object candidates in the $Gaia$ DR2 x AllWISE catalogue with machine learning methods

Author: Marton, G., Ábrahám, P., Szegedi-Elek, E., Varga, J., Kun, M., Kóspál, Á., Varga-Verebélyi, E., Hodgkin, S., Szabados, L., Beck, R., and Kiss, Cs.
Subjects: Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics
Abstract: The second $Gaia$ Data Release (DR2) contains astrometric and photometric data for more than 1.6 billion objects with mean $Gaia$ $G$ magnitude $<$20.7, including many Young Stellar Objects (YSOs) in different evolutionary stages. In order to explore the YSO population of the Milky Way, we combined the $Gaia$ DR2 database with WISE and Planck measurements and made an all-sky probabilistic catalogue of YSOs using machine learning techniques, such as Support Vector Machines, Random Forests, or Neural Networks. Our input catalogue contains 103 million objects from the DR2xAllWISE cross-match table. We classified each object into four main classes: YSOs, extragalactic objects, main-sequence stars and evolved stars. At a 90% probability threshold we identified 1,129,295 YSO candidates. To demonstrate the quality and potential of our YSO catalogue, here we present two applications of it. (1) We explore the 3D structure of the Orion A star forming complex and show that the spatial distribution of the YSOs classified by our procedure is in agreement with recent results from the literature. (2) We use our catalogue to classify published $Gaia$ Science Alerts. As $Gaia$ measures the sources at multiple epochs, it can efficiently discover transient events, including sudden brightness changes of YSOs caused by dynamic processes of their circumstellar disk. However, in many cases the physical nature of the published alert sources are not known. A cross-check with our new catalogue shows that about 30% more of the published $Gaia$ alerts can most likely be attributed to YSO activity. The catalogue can be also useful to identify YSOs among future $Gaia$ alerts., Comment: 19 pages, 12 figures, 3 tables
Published: 2019
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34. Multiplicity of Galactic Cepheids and RR Lyrae stars from Gaia DR2 - I. Binarity from proper motion anomaly

Author: Kervella, P., Gallenne, A., Evans, N. R., Szabados, L., Arenou, F., Mérand, A., Proto, Y., Karczmarek, P., Nardetto, N., Gieren, W., and Pietrzynski, G.
Subjects: Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics
Abstract: Classical Cepheids (CCs) and RR Lyrae stars (RRLs) are important classes of variable stars used as standard candles to estimate galactic and extragalactic distances. Their multiplicity is imperfectly known, particularly for RRLs. Astoundingly, to date only one RRL has convincingly been demonstrated to be a binary, TU UMa, out of tens of thousands of known RRLs. Our aim is to detect the binary and multiple stars present in a sample of Milky Way CCs and RRLs. In the present article, we combine the Hipparcos and Gaia DR2 positions to determine the mean proper motion of the targets, and we search for proper motion anomalies (PMa) caused by close-in orbiting companions. We identify 57 CC binaries from PMa out of 254 tested stars and 75 additional candidates, confirming the high binary fraction of these massive stars. For 28 binary CCs, we determine the companion mass by combining their spectroscopic orbital parameters and astrometric PMa. We detect 13 RRLs showing a significant PMa out of 198 tested stars, and 61 additional candidates. We determine that the binary fraction of CCs is likely above 80%, while that of RRLs is at least 7%. The newly detected systems will be useful to improve our understanding of their evolutionary states. The discovery of a significant number of RRLs in binary systems also resolves the long-standing mystery of their extremely low apparent binary fraction., Comment: 18 pages, 6 figures, Astronomy & Astrophysics, in press
Published: 2019
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35. Selected new results on pulsating variable stars

Author: Szabados, L.
Subjects: Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics
Abstract: Recent progress in the studies of pulsating variable stars is summarized from an observational point of view. A number of unexpected phenomena have been revealed in the case of pulsators in the classical instability strip. These discoveries -- lacking theoretical explanation yet -- make pulsating stars more valuable objects for astrophysics than before. The emphasis is laid on Cepheids of all kind and RR Lyrae type variables, as well as binarity among pulsating variable stars., Comment: 12 pages, 2 figures, 2 tables, to appear in Contributions of the Observatory Skalnate Pleso
Published: 2019

36. Gaia Data Release 2: All-sky classification of high-amplitude pulsating stars

Author: Rimoldini, L., Holl, B., Audard, M., Mowlavi, N., Nienartowicz, K., Evans, D. W., Guy, L. P., Lecoeur-Taïbi, I., de Fombelle, G. Jevardat, Marchal, O., Roelens, M., De Ridder, J., Sarro, L. M., Regibo, S., Lopez, M., Clementini, G., Ripepi, V., Molinaro, R., Garofalo, A., Molnár, L., Plachy, E., Juhász, Á., Szabados, L., Lebzelter, T., Teyssier, D., and Eyer, L.
Subjects: Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics
Abstract: More than half a million of the 1.69 billion sources in Gaia Data Release 2 (DR2) are published with photometric time series that exhibit light variations during the 22 months of observation. An all-sky classification of common high-amplitude pulsators (Cepheids, long-period variables, Delta Scuti / SX Phoenicis, and RR Lyrae stars) is provided for stars with brightness variations greater than 0.1 mag in G band. A semi-supervised classification approach was employed, firstly training multi-stage random forest classifiers with sources of known types in the literature, followed by a preliminary classification of the Gaia data and a second training phase that included a selection of the first classification results to improve the representation of some classes, before the improved classifiers were applied to the Gaia data. Dedicated validation classifiers were used to reduce the level of contamination in the published results. A relevant fraction of objects were not yet sufficiently sampled for reliable Fourier series decomposition, consequently classifiers were based on features derived from statistics of photometric time series in the G, BP, and RP bands, as well as from some astrometric parameters. The published classification results include 195,780 RR Lyrae stars, 150,757 long-period variables, 8550 Cepheids, and 8882 Delta Scuti / SX Phoenicis stars. All of these results represent candidates whose completeness and contamination are described as a function of variability type and classification reliability. Results are expressed in terms of class labels and classification scores, which are available in the vari_classifier_result table of the Gaia archive., Comment: 21 pages, 33 figures, with minor revisions, in press (Astronomy & Astrophysics)
Published: 2018
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37. Gaia Data Release 2: Specific characterisation and validation of all-sky Cepheids and RR Lyrae stars

Author: Clementini, G., Ripepi, V., Molinaro, R., Garofalo, A., Muraveva, T., Rimoldini, L., Guy, L. P., de Fombelle, G. Jevardat, Nienartowicz, K., Marchal, O., Audard, M., Holl, B., Leccia, S., Marconi, M., Musella, I., Mowlavi, N., Lecoeur-Taibi, I., Eyer, L., De Ridder, J., Regibo, S., Sarro, L. M., Szabados, L., Evans, D. W., and Riello, M.
Subjects: Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics
Abstract: The Gaia second Data Release (DR2) presents a first mapping of full-sky RR Lyrae stars and Cepheids observed by the spacecraft during the initial 22 months of science operations. The Specific Object Study (SOS) pipeline, developed to validate and fully characterise Cepheids and RR Lyrae stars (SOS Cep&RRL) observed by Gaia, has been presented in the documentation and papers accompanying the Gaia first Data Release. Here we describe how the SOS pipeline was modified to allow for processing the Gaia multiband (G, G_BP and G_RP) time series photometry of all-sky candidate variables and produce specific results for confirmed RR Lyrae stars and Cepheids that are published in the DR2 catalogue. The SOS Cep&RRL processing uses tools such as the period-amplitude and the period-luminosity relations in the G band. For the analysis of the Gaia DR2 candidates we also used tools based on the G_BP and G_RP photometry, such as the period-Wesenheit relation in (G,G_RP). Multiband time series photometry and characterisation by the SOS Cep&RRL pipeline are published in Gaia DR2 for 150,359 such variables (9,575 classified as Cepheids and 140,784 as RR Lyrae stars) distributed all over the sky. The sample includes variables in 87 globular clusters and 14 dwarf galaxies. To the best of our knowledge, as of 25 April 2018, variability of 50,570 of these sources (350 Cepheids and 50,220 RR Lyrae stars) is not known in the literature, hence likely they are new discoveries by Gaia. An estimate of the interstellar absorption is published for 54,272 fundamental-mode RR Lyrae stars from a relation based on the G-band amplitude and the pulsation period. Metallicities derived from the Fourier parameters of the light curves are also released for 64,932 RR Lyrae stars and 3,738 fundamental-mode classical Cepheids with period shorter than 6.3 days., Comment: 46 pages, 46 figures, 5 tables. Accepted for publication in Astronomy & Astrophysics
Published: 2018
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38. Gaia Data Release 2: Observational Hertzsprung-Russell diagrams

Author: Gaia Collaboration, Babusiaux, C., van Leeuwen, F., Barstow, M. A., Jordi, C., Vallenari, A., Bossini, D., Bressan, A., Cantat-Gaudin, T., van Leeuwen, M., Brown, A. G. A., Prusti, T., de Bruijne, J. H. J., Bailer-Jones, C. A. L., Biermann, M., Evans, D. W., Eyer, L., Jansen, F., Klioner, S. A., Lammers, U., Lindegren, L., Luri, X., Mignard, F., Panem, C., Pourbaix, D., Randich, S., Sartoretti, P., Siddiqui, H. I., Soubiran, C., Walton, N. A., Arenou, F., Bastian, U., Cropper, M., Drimmel, R., Katz, D., Lattanzi, M. G., Bakker, J., Cacciari, C., Castañeda, J., Chaoul, L., Cheek, N., DeAngeli, F., Fabricius, C., Guerra, R., Holl, B., Masana, E., Messineo, R., Mowlavi, N., Nienartowicz, K., Panuzzo, P., Portell, J., Riello, M., Seabroke, G. M., Tanga, P., Thévenin, F., Gracia-Abril, G., Comoretto, G., Garcia-Reinaldos, M., Teyssier, D., Altmann, M., Andrae, R., Audard, M., Bellas-Velidis, I., Benson, K., Berthier, J., Blomme, R., Burgess, P., Busso, G., Carry, B., Cellino, A., Clementini, G., Clotet, M., Creevey, O., Davidson, M., DeRidder, J., Delchambre, L., Dell'Oro, A., Ducourant, C., Fernández-Hernández, J., Fouesneau, M., Frémat, Y., Galluccio, L., García-Torres, M., González-Núñez, J., González-Vidal, J. J., Gosset, E., Guy, L. P., Halbwachs, J. -L., Hambly, N. C., Harrison, D. L., Hernández, J., Hestroffer, D., Hodgkin, S. T., Hutton, A., Jasniewicz, G., Jean-Antoine-Piccolo, A., Jordan, S., Korn, A. J., Krone-Martins, A., Lanzafame, A. C., Lebzelter, T., Löffler, W., Manteiga, M., Marrese, P. M., Martín-Fleitas, J. M., Moitinho, A., Mora, A., Muinonen, K., Osinde, J., Pancino, E., Pauwels, T., Petit, J. -M., Recio-Blanco, A., Richards, P. J., Rimoldini, L., Robin, A. C., Sarro, L. M., Siopis, C., Smith, M., Sozzetti, A., Süveges, M., Torra, J., vanReeven, W., Abbas, U., Aramburu, A. Abreu, Accart, S., Aerts, C., Altavilla, G., Álvarez, M. A., Alvarez, R., Alves, J., Anderson, R. I., Andrei, A. H., Varela, E. Anglada, Antiche, E., Antoja, T., Arcay, B., Astraatmadja, T. L., Bach, N., Baker, S. G., Balaguer-Núñez, L., Balm, P., Barache, C., Barata, C., Barbato, D., Barblan, F., Barklem, P. S., Barrado, D., Barros, M., Muñoz, S. Bartholomé, Bassilana, J. -L., Becciani, U., Bellazzini, M., Berihuete, A., Bertone, S., Bianchi, L., Bienaymé, O., Blanco-Cuaresma, S., Boch, T., Boeche, C., Bombrun, A., Borrachero, R., Bouquillon, S., Bourda, G., Bragaglia, A., Bramante, L., Breddels, M. A., Brouillet, N., Brüsemeister, T., Brugaletta, E., Bucciarelli, B., Burlacu, A., Busonero, D., Butkevich, A. G., Buzzi, R., Caffau, E., Cancelliere, R., Cannizzaro, G., Carballo, R., Carlucci, T., Carrasco, J. M., Casamiquela, L., Castellani, M., Castro-Ginard, A., Charlot, P., Chemin, L., Chiavassa, A., Cocozza, G., Costigan, G., Cowell, S., Crifo, F., Crosta, M., Crowley, C., Cuypers, J., Dafonte, C., Damerdji, Y., Dapergolas, A., David, P., David, M., deLaverny, P., DeLuise, F., DeMarch, R., deMartino, D., deSouza, R., deTorres, A., Debosscher, J., delPozo, E., Delbo, M., Delgado, A., Delgado, H. E., Diakite, S., Diener, C., Distefano, E., Dolding, C., Drazinos, P., Durán, J., Edvardsson, B., Enke, H., Eriksson, K., Esquej, P., Bontemps, G. Eynard, Fabre, C., Fabrizio, M., Faigler, S., Falcão, A. J., Casas, M. Farràs, Federici, L., Fedorets, G., Fernique, P., Figueras, F., Filippi, F., Findeisen, K., Fonti, A., Fraile, E., Fraser, M., Frézouls, B., Gai, M., Galleti, S., Garabato, D., García-Sedano, F., Garofalo, A., Garralda, N., Gavel, A., Gavras, P., Gerssen, J., Geyer, R., Giacobbe, P., Gilmore, G., Girona, S., Giuffrida, G., Glass, F., Gomes, M., Granvik, M., Gueguen, A., Guerrier, A., Guiraud, J., Gutiérrez-Sánchez, R., Haigron, R., Hatzidimitriou, D., Hauser, M., Haywood, M., Heiter, U., Helmi, A., Heu, J., Hilger, T., Hobbs, D., Hofmann, W., Holland, G., Huckle, H. E., Hypki, A., Icardi, V., Janßen, K., JevardatdeFombelle, G., Jonker, P. G., Juhász, Á. L., Julbe, F., Karampelas, A., Kewley, A., Klar, J., Kochoska, A., Kohley, R., Kolenberg, K., Kontizas, M., Kontizas, E., Koposov, S. E., Kordopatis, G., Kostrzewa-Rutkowska, Z., Koubsky, P., Lambert, S., Lanza, A. F., Lasne, Y., Lavigne, J. -B., LeFustec, Y., LePoncin-Lafitte, C., Lebreton, Y., Leccia, S., Leclerc, N., Lecoeur-Taibi, I., Lenhardt, H., Leroux, F., Liao, S., Licata, E., Lindstrøm, H. E. P., Lister, T. A., Livanou, E., Lobel, A., López, M., Managau, S., Mann, R. G., Mantelet, G., Marchal, O., Marchant, J. M., Marconi, M., Marinoni, S., Marschalkó, G., Marshall, D. J., Martino, M., Marton, G., Mary, N., Massari, D., Matijevič, G., Mazeh, T., McMillan, P. J., Messina, S., Michalik, D., Millar, N. R., Molina, D., Molinaro, R., Molnár, L., Montegriffo, P., Mor, R., Morbidelli, R., Morel, T., Morris, D., Mulone, A. F., Muraveva, T., Musella, I., Nelemans, G., Nicastro, L., Noval, L., O'Mullane, W., Ordénovic, C., Ordóñez-Blanco, D., Osborne, P., Pagani, C., Pagano, I., Pailler, F., Palacin, H., Palaversa, L., Panahi, A., Pawlak, M., Piersimoni, A. M., Pineau, F. -X., Plachy, E., Plum, G., Poggio, E., Poujoulet, E., Prša, A., Pulone, L., Racero, E., Ragaini, S., Rambaux, N., Ramos-Lerate, M., Regibo, S., Reylé, C., Riclet, F., Ripepi, V., Riva, A., Rivard, A., Rixon, G., Roegiers, T., Roelens, M., Romero-Gómez, M., Rowell, N., Royer, F., Ruiz-Dern, L., Sadowski, G., Sellés, T. Sagristà, Sahlmann, J., Salgado, J., Salguero, E., Sanna, N., Santana-Ros, T., Sarasso, M., Savietto, H., Schultheis, M., Sciacca, E., Segol, M., Segovia, J. C., Ségransan, D., Shih, I-C., Siltala, L., Silva, A. F., Smart, R. L., Smith, K. W., Solano, E., Solitro, F., Sordo, R., SoriaNieto, S., Souchay, J., Spagna, A., Spoto, F., Stampa, U., Steele, I. A., Steidelmüller, H., Stephenson, C. A., Stoev, H., Suess, F. F., Surdej, J., Szabados, L., Szegedi-Elek, E., Tapiador, D., Taris, F., Tauran, G., Taylor, M. B., Teixeira, R., Terrett, D., Teyssandier, P., Thuillot, W., Titarenko, A., TorraClotet, F., Turon, C., Ulla, A., Utrilla, E., Uzzi, S., Vaillant, M., Valentini, G., Valette, V., vanElteren, A., Van Hemelryck, E., Vaschetto, M., Vecchiato, A., Veljanoski, J., Viala, Y., Vicente, D., Vogt, S., vonEssen, C., Voss, H., Votruba, V., Voutsinas, S., Walmsley, G., Weiler, M., Wertz, O., Wevers, T., Wyrzykowski, Ł., Yoldas, A., Žerjal, M., Ziaeepour, H., Zorec, J., Zschocke, S., Zucker, S., Zurbach, C., and Zwitter, T.
Subjects: Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies
Abstract: We highlight the power of the Gaia DR2 in studying many fine structures of the Hertzsprung-Russell diagram (HRD). Gaia allows us to present many different HRDs, depending in particular on stellar population selections. We do not aim here for completeness in terms of types of stars or stellar evolutionary aspects. Instead, we have chosen several illustrative examples. We describe some of the selections that can be made in Gaia DR2 to highlight the main structures of the Gaia HRDs. We select both field and cluster (open and globular) stars, compare the observations with previous classifications and with stellar evolutionary tracks, and we present variations of the Gaia HRD with age, metallicity, and kinematics. Late stages of stellar evolution such as hot subdwarfs, post-AGB stars, planetary nebulae, and white dwarfs are also analysed, as well as low-mass brown dwarf objects. The Gaia HRDs are unprecedented in both precision and coverage of the various Milky Way stellar populations and stellar evolutionary phases. Many fine structures of the HRDs are presented. The clear split of the white dwarf sequence into hydrogen and helium white dwarfs is presented for the first time in an HRD. The relation between kinematics and the HRD is nicely illustrated. Two different populations in a classical kinematic selection of the halo are unambiguously identified in the HRD. Membership and mean parameters for a selected list of open clusters are provided. They allow drawing very detailed cluster sequences, highlighting fine structures, and providing extremely precise empirical isochrones that will lead to more insight in stellar physics. Gaia DR2 demonstrates the potential of combining precise astrometry and photometry for large samples for studies in stellar evolution and stellar population and opens an entire new area for HRD-based studies., Comment: Published in the A&A Gaia Data Release 2 special issue. Tables 2 and A.4 corrected. Tables available at http://cdsarc.u-strasbg.fr/viz-bin/qcat?J/A+A/616/A10
Published: 2018
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39. Gaia Data Release 2: Summary of the variability processing & analysis results

Author: Holl, B., Audard, M., Nienartowicz, K., de Fombelle, G. Jevardat, Marchal, O., Mowlavi, N., Clementini, G., De Ridder, J., Evans, D. W., Guy, L. P., Lanzafame, A. C., Lebzelter, T., Rimoldini, L., Roelens, M., Zucker, S., Distefano, E., Garofalo, A., Lecoeur-Taïbi, I., Lopez, M., Molinaro, R., Muraveva, T., Panahi, A., Regibo, S., Ripepi, V., Sarro, L. M., Aerts, C., Anderson, R. I., Charnas, J., Barblan, F., Blanco-Cuaresma, S., Busso, G., Cuypers, J., De Angeli, F., Glass, F., Grenon, M., Juhász, Á. L., Kochoska, A., Koubsky, P., Lanza, A. F., Leccia, S., Lorenz, D., Marconi, M., Marschalk, G., Mazeh, T., Messina, S., Mignard, F., Moitinho, A., Molnár, L., Morgenthaler, S., Musella, I., Ordenovic, C., Ordóñez, D., Pagano, I., Palaversa, L., Pawlak, M., Plachy, E., Prša, A., Riello, M., Süveges, M., Szabados, L., Szegedi-Elek, E., Votruba, V., and Eyer, L.
Subjects: Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics
Abstract: The Gaia Data Release 2 (DR2): we summarise the processing and results of the identification of variable source candidates of RR Lyrae stars, Cepheids, long period variables (LPVs), rotation modulation (BY Dra-type) stars, delta Scuti & SX Phoenicis stars, and short-timescale variables. In this release we aim to provide useful but not necessarily complete samples of candidates. The processed Gaia data consist of the G, BP, and RP photometry during the first 22 months of operations as well as positions and parallaxes. Various methods from classical statistics, data mining and time series analysis were applied and tailored to the specific properties of Gaia data, as well as various visualisation tools. The DR2 variability release contains: 228'904 RR Lyrae stars, 11'438 Cepheids, 151'761 LPVs, 147'535 stars with rotation modulation, 8'882 delta Scuti & SX Phoenicis stars, and 3'018 short-timescale variables. These results are distributed over a classification and various Specific Object Studies (SOS) tables in the Gaia archive, along with the three-band time series and associated statistics for the underlying 550'737 unique sources. We estimate that about half of them are newly identified variables. The variability type completeness varies strongly as function of sky position due to the non-uniform sky coverage and intermediate calibration level of this data. The probabilistic and automated nature of this work implies certain completeness and contamination rates which are quantified so that users can anticipate their effects. This means that even well-known variable sources can be missed or misidentified in the published data. The DR2 variability release only represents a small subset of the processed data. Future releases will include more variable sources and data products; however, DR2 shows the (already) very high quality of the data and great promise for variability studies., Comment: 21 pages, 10 figures, 5 tables, accepted by Astronomy & Astrophysics, added several language corrections, and expanded Gaia archive query examples
Published: 2018
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40. Gaia Data Release 2: Variable stars in the colour-absolute magnitude diagram

Author: Gaia Collaboration, Eyer, L., Rimoldini, L., Audard, M., Anderson, R. I., Nienartowicz, K., Glass, F., Marchal, O., Grenon, M., Mowlavi, N., Holl, B., Clementini, G., Aerts, C., Mazeh, T., Evans, D. W., Szabados, L., and co-authors, 438
Subjects: Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics
Abstract: The ESA Gaia mission provides a unique time-domain survey for more than 1.6 billion sources with G ~ 21 mag. We showcase stellar variability across the Galactic colour-absolute magnitude diagram (CaMD), focusing on pulsating, eruptive, and cataclysmic variables, as well as on stars exhibiting variability due to rotation and eclipses. We illustrate the locations of variable star classes, variable object fractions, and typical variability amplitudes throughout the CaMD and illustrate how variability-related changes in colour and brightness induce `motions' using 22 months worth of calibrated photometric, spectro-photometric, and astrometric Gaia data of stars with significant parallax. To ensure a large variety of variable star classes to populate the CaMD, we crossmatch Gaia sources with known variable stars. We also used the statistics and variability detection modules of the Gaia variability pipeline. Corrections for interstellar extinction are not implemented in this article. Gaia enables the first investigation of Galactic variable star populations across the CaMD on a similar, if not larger, scale than previously done in the Magellanic Clouds. Despite observed colours not being reddening corrected, we clearly see distinct regions where variable stars occur and determine variable star fractions to within Gaia's current detection thresholds. Finally, we show the most complete description of variability-induced motion within the CaMD to date. Gaia enables novel insights into variability phenomena for an unprecedented number of stars, which will benefit the understanding of stellar astrophysics. The CaMD of Galactic variable stars provides crucial information on physical origins of variability in a way previously accessible only for Galactic star clusters or external galaxies., Comment: 20 pages, 11 figures, published in Astronomy and Astrophysics (A&A 623, 110, 2019)
Published: 2018
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41. The MOST view of Cepheids

Author: Molnár, L., Derekas, A., Szabó, R., Szabados, L., Matthews, J. M., Cameron, C., Moffat, A. F. J., Richardson, N., and Evans, N. R.
Subjects: Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics
Abstract: The MOST space telescope observed four Cepheid variables so far, all of different subtypes. Here we summarize the results obtained and the possible ways to continue to study these stars., Comment: 2 pages, 1 figure, proceedings of the 2nd BRITE-Constellation Science Conference (to appear in the Polish Astronomical Society Proceedings)
Published: 2017

42. Gaia Data Release 1. Testing the parallaxes with local Cepheids and RR Lyrae stars

Author: Gaia Collaboration, Clementini, G., Eyer, L., Ripepi, V., Marconi, M., Muraveva, T., Garofalo, A., Sarro, L. M., Palmer, M., Luri, X., Molinaro, R., Rimoldini, L., Szabados, L., Musella, I., Anderson, R. I., Prusti, T., de Bruijne, J. H. J., Brown, A. G. A., Vallenari, A., Babusiaux, C., Bailer-Jones, C. A. L., Bastian, U., Biermann, M., Evans, D. W., Jansen, F., Jordi, C., Klioner, S. A., Lammers, U., Lindegren, L., Mignard, F., Panem, C., Pourbaix, D., Randich, S., Sartoretti, P., Siddiqui, H. I., Soubiran, C., Valette, V., van Leeuwen, F., Walton, N. A., Aerts, C., Arenou, F., Cropper, M., Drimmel, R., Høg, E., Katz, D., Lattanzi, M. G., O'Mullane, W., Grebel, E. K., Holland, A. D., Huc, C., Passot, X., Perryman, M., Bramante, L., Cacciari, C., Castañeda, J., Chaoul, L., Cheek, N., De Angeli, F., Fabricius, C., Guerra, R., Hernández, J., Jean-Azntoine-Piccolo, A., Masana, E., Messineo, R., Mowlavi, N., Nienartowicz, K., Ordóñez-Blanco, D., Panuzzo, P., Portell, J., Richards, P. J., Riello, M., Seabroke, G. M., Tanga, P., Thévenin, F., Torra, J., Els, S. G., Gracia-Abril, G., Comoretto, G., Garcia-Reinaldos, M., Lock, T., Mercier, E., Altmann, M., Andrae, R., Astraatmadja, T. L., Bellas-Velidis, I., Benson, K., Berthier, J., Blomme, R., Busso, G., Carry, B., Cellino, A., Cowell, S., Creevey, O., Cuypers, J., Davidson, M., De Ridder, J., de Torres, A., Delchambre, L., Dell'Oro, A., Ducourant, C., Frémat, Y., García-Torres, M., Gosset, E., Halbwachs, J. -L., Hambly, N. C., Harrison, D. L., Hauser, M., Hestroffer, D., Hodgkin, S. T., Huckle, H. E., Hutton, A., Jasniewicz, G., Jordan, S., Kontizas, M., Korn, A. J., Lanzafame, A. C., Manteiga, M., Moitinho, A., Muinonen, K., Osinde, J., Pancino, E., Pauwels, T., Petit, J. -M., Recio-Blanco, A., Robin, A. C., Siopis, C., Smith, M., Smith, K. W., Sozzetti, A., Thuillot, W., van Reeven, W., Viala, Y., Abbas, U., Aramburu, A. Abreu, Accart, S., Aguado, J. J., Allan, P. M., Allasia, W., Altavilla, G., Álvarez, M. A., Alves, J., Andrei, A. H., Varela, E. Anglada, Antiche, E., Antoja, T., Antón, S., Arcay, B., Bach, N., Baker, S. G., Balaguer-Núñez, L., Barache, C., Barata, C., Barbier, A., Barblan, F., Navascués, D. Barrado y, Barros, M., Barstow, M. A., Becciani, U., Bellazzini, M., García, A. Bello, Belokurov, V., Bendjoya, P., Berihuete, A., Bianchi, L., Bienaymé, O., Billebaud, F., Blagorodnova, N., Blanco-Cuaresma, S., Boch, T., Bombrun, A., Borrachero, R., Bouquillon, S., Bourda, G., Bouy, H., Bragaglia, A., Breddels, M. A., Brouillet, N., Brüsemeister, T., Bucciarelli, B., Burgess, P., Burgon, R., Burlacu, A., Busonero, D., Buzzi, R., Caffau, E., Cambras, J., Campbell, H., Cancelliere, R., Cantat-Gaudin, T., Carlucci, T., Carrasco, J. M., Castellani, M., Charlot, P., Charnas, J., Chiavassa, A., Clotet, M., Cocozza, G., Collins, R. S., Costigan, G., Crifo, F., Cross, N. J. G., Crosta, M., Crowley, C., Dafonte, C., Damerdji, Y., Dapergolas, A., David, P., David, M., De Cat, P., de Felice, F., de Laverny, P., De Luise, F., De March, R., de Souza, R., Debosscher, J., del Pozo, E., Delbo, M., Delgado, A., Delgado, H. E., Di Matteo, P., Diakite, S., Distefano, E., Dolding, C., Anjos, S. Dos, Drazinos, P., Durán, J., Dzigan, Y., Edvardsson, B., Enke, H., Evans, N. W., Bontemps, G. Eynard, Fabre, C., Fabrizio, M., Faigler, S., Falcão, A. J., Casas, M. Farràs, Federici, L., Fedorets, G., Fernández-Hernánde, J., Fernique, P., Fienga, A., Figueras, F., Filippi, F., Findeisen, K., Fonti, A., Fouesneau, M., Fraile, E., Fraser, M., Fuchs, J., Gai, M., Galleti, S., Galluccio, L., Garabato, D., García-Sedano, F., Garralda, N., Gavras, P., Gerssen, J., Geyer, R., Gilmore, G., Girona, S., Giuffrida, G., Gomes, M., González-Marcos, A., González-Núñez, J., González-Vidal, J. J., Granvik, M., Guerrier, A., Guillout, P., Guiraud, J., Gúrpide, A., Gutiérrez-Sánchez, R., Guy, L. P., Haigron, R., Hatzidimitriou, D., Haywood, M., Heiter, U., Helmi, A., Hobbs, D., Hofmann, W., Holl, B., Holland, G., Hunt, J. A. S., Hypki, A., Icardi, V., Irwin, M., de Fombelle, G. Jevardat, Jofré, P., Jonker, P. G., Jorissen, A., Julbe, F., Karampelas, A., Kochoska, A., Kohley, R., Kolenberg, K., Kontizas, E., Koposov, S. E., Kordopatis, G., Koubsky, P., Krone-Martins, A., Kudryashova, M., Kull, I., Bachchan, R. K., Lacoste-Seris, F., Lanza, A. F., Lavigne, J. -B., Poncin-Lafitte, C. Le, Lebreton, Y., Lebzelter, T., Leccia, S., Leclerc, N., Lecoeur-Taibi, I., Lemaitre, V., Lenhardt, H., Leroux, F., Liao, S., Licata, E., Lindstrøm, H. E. P., Lister, T. A., Livanou, E., Lobel, A., Löffler, W., López, M., Lorenz, D., MacDonald, I., Fernandes, T. Magalhães, Managau, S., Mann, R. G., Mantelet, G., Marchal, O., Marchant, J. M., Marinoni, S., Marrese, P. M., Marschalkó, G., Marshall, D. J., Martín-Fleitas, J. M., Martino, M., Mary, N., Matijevič, G., Mazeh, T., McMillan, P. J., Messina, S., Michalik, D., Millar, N. R., Miranda, B. M. H., Molina, D., Molinaro, M., Molnár, L., Moniez, M., Montegriffo, P., Mor, R., Mora, A., Morbidelli, R., Morel, T., Morgenthaler, S., Morris, D., Mulone, A. F., Narbonne, J., Nelemans, G., Nicastro, L., Noval, L., Ordénovic, C., Ordieres-Meré, J., Osborne, P., Pagani, C., Pagano, I., Pailler, F., Palacin, H., Palaversa, L., Parsons, P., Pecoraro, M., Pedrosa, R., Pentikäinen, H., Pichon, B., Piersimoni, A. M., Pineau, F. -X., Plachy, E., Plum, G., Poujoulet, E., Prša, A., Pulone, L., Ragaini, S., Rago, S., Rambaux, N., Ramos-Lerate, M., Ranalli, P., Rauw, G., Read, A., Regibo, S., Reylé, C., Ribeiro, R. A., Riva, A., Rixon, G., Roelens, M., Romero-Gómez, M., Rowell, N., Royer, F., Ruiz-Dern, L., Sadowski, G., Sellés, T. Sagristà, Sahlmann, J., Salgado, J., Salguero, E., Sarasso, M., Savietto, H., Schultheis, M., Sciacca, E., Segol, M., Segovia, J. C., Segransan, D., Shih, I-C., Smareglia, R., Smart, R. L., Solano, E., Solitro, F., Sordo, R., Nieto, S. Soria, Souchay, J., Spagna, A., Spoto, F., Stampa, U., Steele, I. A., Steidelmüller, H., Stephenson, C. A., Stoev, H., Suess, F. F., Süveges, M., Surdej, J., Szegedi-Elek, E., Tapiador, D., Taris, F., Tauran, G., Taylor, M. B., Teixeira, R., Terrett, D., Tingley, B., Trager, S. C., Turon, C., Ulla, A., Utrilla, E., Valentini, G., van Elteren, A., Van Hemelryck, E., van Leeuwen, M., Varadi, M., Vecchiato, A., Veljanoski, J., Via, T., Vicente, D., Vogt, S., Voss, H., Votruba, V., Voutsinas, S., Walmsley, G., Weiler, M., Weingrill, K., Wevers, T., Wyrzykowski, Ł., Yoldas, A., Žerjal, M., Zucker, S., Zurbach, C., Zwitter, T., Alecu, A., Allen, M., Prieto, C. Allende, Amorim, A., Anglada-Escudé, G., Arsenijevic, V., Azaz, S., Balm, P., Beck, M., Bernstein, H. -H., Bigot, L., Bijaoui, A., Blasco, C., Bonfigli, M., Bono, G., Boudreault, S., Bressan, A., Brown, S., Brunet, P. -M., Bunclark, P., Buonanno, R., Butkevich, A. G., Carret, C., Carrion, C., Chemin, L., Chéreau, F., Corcione, L., Darmigny, E., de Boer, K. S., de Teodoro, P., de Zeeuw, P. T., Luche, C. Delle, Domingues, C. D., Dubath, P., Fodor, F., Frézouls, B., Fries, A., Fustes, D., Fyfe, D., Gallardo, E., Gallegos, J., Gardiol, D., Gebran, M., Gomboc, A., Gómez, A., Grux, E., Gueguen, A., Heyrovsky, A., Hoar, J., Iannicola, G., Parache, Y. Isasi, Janotto, A. -M., Joliet, E., Jonckheere, A., Keil, R., Kim, D. -W., Klagyivik, P., Klar, J., Knude, J., Kochukhov, O., Kolka, I., Kos, J., Kutka, A., Lainey, V., LeBouquin, D., Liu, C., Loreggia, D., Makarov, V. V., Marseille, M. G., Martayan, C., Martinez-Rubi, O., Massart, B., Meynadier, F., Mignot, S., Munari, U., Nguyen, A. -T., Nordlander, T., O'Flaherty, K. S., Ocvirk, P., Sanz, A. Olias, Ortiz, P., Osorio, J., Oszkiewicz, D., Ouzounis, A., Park, P., Pasquato, E., Peltzer, C., Peralta, J., Péturaud, F., Pieniluoma, T., Pigozzi, E., Poels, J., Prat, G., Prod'homme, T., Raison, F., Rebordao, J. M., Risquez, D., Rocca-Volmerange, B., Rosen, S., Ruiz-Fuertes, M. I., Russo, F., Sembay, S., Vizcaino, I. Serraller, Short, A., Siebert, A., Silva, H., Sinachopoulos, D., Slezak, E., Soffel, M., Sosnowska, D., Straižys, V., ter Linden, M., Terrell, D., Theil, S., Tiede, C., Troisi, L., Tsalmantza, P., Tur, D., Vaccari, M., Vachier, F., Valles, P., Van Hamme, W., Veltz, L., Virtanen, J., Wallut, J. -M., Wichmann, R., Wilkinson, M. I., Ziaeepour, H., and Zschocke, S.
Subjects: Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies
Abstract: Parallaxes for 331 classical Cepheids, 31 Type II Cepheids and 364 RR Lyrae stars in common between Gaia and the Hipparcos and Tycho-2 catalogues are published in Gaia Data Release 1 (DR1) as part of the Tycho-Gaia Astrometric Solution (TGAS). In order to test these first parallax measurements of the primary standard candles of the cosmological distance ladder, that involve astrometry collected by Gaia during the initial 14 months of science operation, we compared them with literature estimates and derived new period-luminosity ($PL$), period-Wesenheit ($PW$) relations for classical and Type II Cepheids and infrared $PL$, $PL$-metallicity ($PLZ$) and optical luminosity-metallicity ($M_V$-[Fe/H]) relations for the RR Lyrae stars, with zero points based on TGAS. The new relations were computed using multi-band ($V,I,J,K_{\mathrm{s}},W_{1}$) photometry and spectroscopic metal abundances available in the literature, and applying three alternative approaches: (i) by linear least squares fitting the absolute magnitudes inferred from direct transformation of the TGAS parallaxes, (ii) by adopting astrometric-based luminosities, and (iii) using a Bayesian fitting approach. TGAS parallaxes bring a significant added value to the previous Hipparcos estimates. The relations presented in this paper represent first Gaia-calibrated relations and form a "work-in-progress" milestone report in the wait for Gaia-only parallaxes of which a first solution will become available with Gaia's Data Release 2 (DR2) in 2018., Comment: 29 pages, 25 figures. Accepted for publication by A&A
Published: 2017
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43. Gaia Data Release 1. Open cluster astrometry: performance, limitations, and future prospects

Author: Gaia Collaboration, van Leeuwen, F., Vallenari, A., Jordi, C., Lindegren, L., Bastian, U., Prusti, T., de Bruijne, J. H. J., Brown, A. G. A., Babusiaux, C., Bailer-Jones, C. A. L., Biermann, M., Evans, D. W., Eyer, L., Jansen, F., Klioner, S. A., Lammers, U., Luri, X., Mignard, F., Panem, C., Pourbaix, D., Randich, S., Sartoretti, P., Siddiqui, H. I., Soubiran, C., Valette, V., Walton, N. A., Aerts, C., Arenou, F., Cropper, M., Drimmel, R., Høg, E., Katz, D., Lattanzi, M. G., O'Mullane, W., Grebel, E. K., Holland, A. D., Huc, C., Passot, X., Perryman, M., Bramante, L., Cacciari, C., Castañeda, J., Chaoul, L., Cheek, N., De Angeli, F., Fabricius, C., Guerra, R., Hernández, J., Jean-Antoine-Piccolo, A., Masana, E., Messineo, R., Mowlavi, N., Nienartowicz, K., Ordóñez-Blanco, D., Panuzzo, P., Portell, J., Richards, P. J., Riello, M., Seabroke, G. M., Tanga, P., Thévenin, F., Torra, J., Els, S. G., Gracia-Abril, G., Comoretto, G., Garcia-Reinaldos, M., Lock, T., Mercier, E., Altmann, M., Andrae, R., Astraatmadja, T. L., Bellas-Velidis, I., Benson, K., Berthier, J., Blomme, R., Busso, G., Carry, B., Cellino, A., Clementini, G., Cowell, S., Creevey, O., Cuypers, J., Davidson, M., De Ridder, J., de Torres, A., Delchambre, L., Dell'Oro, A., Ducourant, C., Frémat, Y., García-Torres, M., Gosset, E., Halbwachs, J. -L., Hambly, N. C., Harrison, D. L., Hauser, M., Hestroffer, D., Hodgkin, S. T., Huckle, H. E., Hutton, A., Jasniewicz, G., Jordan, S., Kontizas, M., Korn, A. J., Lanzafame, A. C., Manteiga, M., Moitinho, A., Muinonen, K., Osinde, J., Pancino, E., Pauwels, T., Petit, J. -M., Recio-Blanco, A., Robin, A. C., Sarro, L. M., Siopis, C., Smith, M., Smith, K. W., Sozzetti, A., Thuillot, W., van Reeven, W., Viala, Y., Abbas, U., Aramburu, A. Abreu, Accart, S., Aguado, J. J., Allan, P. M., Allasia, W., Altavilla, G., Álvarez, M. A., Alves, J., Anderson, R. I., Andrei, A. H., Varela, E. Anglada, Antiche, E., Antoja, T., Antón, S., Arcay, B., Bach, N., Baker, S. G., Balaguer-Núñez, L., Barache, C., Barata, C., Barbier, A., Barblan, F., Navascués, D. Barrado y, Barros, M., Barstow, M. A., Becciani, U., Bellazzini, M., García, A. Bello, Belokurov, V., Bendjoya, P., Berihuete, A., Bianchi, L., Bienaymé, O., Billebaud, F., Blagorodnova, N., Blanco-Cuaresma, S., Boch, T., Bombrun, A., Borrachero, R., Bouquillon, S., Bourda, G., Bouy, H., Bragaglia, A., Breddels, M. A., Brouillet, N., Brüsemeister, T., Bucciarelli, B., Burgess, P., Burgon, R., Burlacu, A., Busonero, D., Buzzi, R., Caffau, E., Cambras, J., Campbell, H., Cancelliere, R., Cantat-Gaudin, T., Carlucci, T., Carrasco, J. M., Castellani, M., Charlot, P., Charnas, J., Chiavassa, A., Clotet, M., Cocozza, G., Collins, R. S., Costigan, G., Crifo, F., Cross, N. J. G., Crosta, M., Crowley, C., Dafonte, C., Damerdji, Y., Dapergolas, A., David, P., David, M., De Cat, P., de Felice, F., de Laverny, P., De Luise, F., De March, R., de Martino, D., de Souza, R., Debosscher, J., del Pozo, E., Delbo, M., Delgado, A., Delgado, H. E., Di Matteo, P., Diakite, S., Distefano, E., Dolding, C., Anjos, S. Dos, Drazinos, P., Durán, J., Dzigan, Y., Edvardsson, B., Enke, H., Evans, N. W., Bontemps, G. Eynard, Fabre, C., Fabrizio, M., Faigler, S., Falcão, A. J., Casas, M. Farràs, Federici, L., Fedorets, G., Fernández-Hernández, J., Fernique, P., Fienga, A., Figueras, F., Filippi, F., Findeisen, K., Fonti, A., Fouesneau, M., Fraile, E., Fraser, M., Fuchs, J., Gai, M., Galleti, S., Galluccio, L., Garabato, D., García-Sedano, F., Garofalo, A., Garralda, N., Gavras, P., Gerssen, J., Geyer, R., Gilmore, G., Girona, S., Giuffrida, G., Gomes, M., González-Marcos, A., González-Núñez, J., González-Vidal, J. J., Granvik, M., Guerrier, A., Guillout, P., Guiraud, J., Gúrpide, A., Gutiérrez-Sánchez, R., Guy, L. P., Haigron, R., Hatzidimitriou, D., Haywood, M., Heiter, U., Helmi, A., Hobbs, D., Hofmann, W., Holl, B., Holland, G., Hunt, J. A. S., Hypki, A., Icardi, V., Irwin, M., de Fombelle, G. Jevardat, Jofré, P., Jonker, P. G., Jorissen, A., Julbe, F., Karampelas, A., Kochoska, A., Kohley, R., Kolenberg, K., Kontizas, E., Koposov, S. E., Kordopatis, G., Koubsky, P., Krone-Martins, A., Kudryashova, M., Kull, I., Bachchan, R. K., Lacoste-Seris, F., Lanza, A. F., Lavigne, J. -B., Poncin-Lafitte, C. Le, Lebreton, Y., Lebzelter, T., Leccia, S., Leclerc, N., Lecoeur-Taibi, I., Lemaitre, V., Lenhardt, H., Leroux, F., Liao, S., Licata, E., Lindstrøm, H. E. P., Lister, T. A., Livanou, E., Lobel, A., Löffer, W., López, M., Lorenz, D., MacDonald, I., Fernandes, T. Magalhães, Managau, S., Mann, R. G., Mantelet, G., Marchal, O., Marchant, J. M., Marconi, M., Marinoni, S., Marrese, P. M., Marschalkó, G., Marshall, D. J., Martín-Fleitas, J. M., Martino, M., Mary, N., Matijevič, G., Mazeh, T., McMillan, P. J., Messina, S., Michalik, D., Millar, N. R., Miranda, B. M. H., Molina, D., Molinaro, R., Molinaro, M., Molnár, L., Moniez, M., Montegrio, P., Mor, R., Mora, A., Morbidelli, R., Morel, T., Morgenthaler, S., Morris, D., Mulone, A. F., Muraveva, T., Musella, I., Narbonne, J., Nelemans, G., Nicastro, L., Noval, L., Ordénovic, C., Ordieres-Meré, J., Osborne, P., Pagani, C., Pagano, I., Pailler, F., Palacin, H., Palaversa, L., Parsons, P., Pecoraro, M., Pedrosa, R., Pentikäinen, H., Pichon, B., Piersimoni, A. M., Pineau, F. -X., Plachy, E., Plum, G., Poujoulet, E., Prša, A., Pulone, L., Ragaini, S., Rago, S., Rambaux, N., Ramos-Lerate, M., Ranalli, P., Rauw, G., Read, A., Regibo, S., Reylé, C., Ribeiro, R. A., Rimoldini, L., Ripepi, V., Riva, A., Rixon, G., Roelens, M., Romero-Gómez, M., Rowell, N., Royer, F., Ruiz-Dern, L., Sadowski, G., Sellés, T. Sagristà, Sahlmann, J., Salgado, J., Salguero, E., Sarasso, M., Savietto, H., Schultheis, M., Sciacca, E., Segol, M., Segovia, J. C., Segransan, D., Shih, I-C., Smareglia, R., Smart, R. L., Solano, E., Solitro, F., Sordo, R., Nieto, S. Soria, Souchay, J., Spagna, A., Spoto, F., Stampa, U., Steele, I. A., Steidelmüller, H., Stephenson, C. A., Stoev, H., Suess, F. F., Süveges, M., Surdej, J., Szabados, L., Szegedi-Elek, E., Tapiador, D., Taris, F., Tauran, G., Taylor, M. B., Teixeira, R., Terrett, D., Tingley, B., Trager, S. C., Turon, C., Ulla, A., Utrilla, E., Valentini, G., van Elteren, A., Van Hemelryck, E., van Leeuwen, M., Varadi, M., Vecchiato, A., Veljanoski, J., Via, T., Vicente, D., Vogt, S., Voss, H., Votruba, V., Voutsinas, S., Walmsley, G., Weiler, M., Weingril, K., Wevers, T., Wyrzykowski, Ł., Yoldas, A., Žerjal, M., Zucker, S., Zurbach, C., Zwitter, T., Alecu, A., Allen, M., Prieto, C. Allende, Amorim, A., Anglada-Escudé, G., Arsenijevic, V., Azaz, S., Balm, P., Beck, M., Bernsteiny, H. -H., Bigot, L., Bijaoui, A., Blasco, C., Bonfigli, M., Bono, G., Boudreault, S., Bressan, A., Brown, S., Brunet, P. -M., Bunclarky, P., Buonanno, R., Butkevich, A. G., Carret, C., Carrion, C., Chemin, L., Chéreau, F., Corcione, L., Darmigny, E., de Boer, K. S., de Teodoro, P., de Zeeuw, P. T., Luche, C. Delle, Domingues, C. D., Dubath, P., Fodor, F., Frézouls, B., Fries, A., Fustes, D., Fyfe, D., Gallardo, E., Gallegos, J., Gardio, D., Gebran, M., Gomboc, A., Gómez, A., Grux, E., Gueguen, A., Heyrovsky, A., Hoar, J., Iannicola, G., Parache, Y. Isasi, Janotto, A. -M., Joliet, E., Jonckheere, A., Keil, R., Kim, D. -W., Klagyivik, P., Klar, J., Knude, J., Kochukhov, O., Kolka, I., Kos, J., Kutka, A., Lainey, V., LeBouquin, D., Liu, C., Loreggia, D., Makarov, V. V., Marseille, M. G., Martayan, C., Martinez-Rubi, O., Massart, B., Meynadier, F., Mignot, S., Munari, U., Nguyen, A. -T., Nordlander, T., O'Flaherty, K. S., Ocvirk, P., Sanz, A. Olias, Ortiz, P., Osorio, J., Oszkiewicz, D., Ouzounis, A., Palmer, M., Park, P., Pasquato, E., Peltzer, C., Peralta, J., Péturaud, F., Pieniluoma, T., Pigozzi, E., Poelsy, J., Prat, G., Prod'homme, T., Raison, F., Rebordao, J. M., Risquez, D., Rocca-Volmerange, B., Rosen, S., Ruiz-Fuertes, M. I., Russo, F., Sembay, S., Vizcaino, I. Serraller, Short, A., Siebert, A., Silva, H., Sinachopoulos, D., Slezak, E., Soffel, M., Sosnowska, D., Straižys, V., ter Linden, M., Terrell, D., Theil, S., Tiede, C., Troisi, L., Tsalmantza, P., Tur, D., Vaccari, M., Vachier, F., Valles, P., Van Hamme, W., Veltz, L., Virtanen, J., Wallut, J. -M., Wichmann, R., Wilkinson, M. I., Ziaeepour, H., and Zschocke, S.
Subjects: Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics
Abstract: Context. The first Gaia Data Release contains the Tycho-Gaia Astrometric Solution (TGAS). This is a subset of about 2 million stars for which, besides the position and photometry, the proper motion and parallax are calculated using Hipparcos and Tycho-2 positions in 1991.25 as prior information. Aims. We investigate the scientific potential and limitations of the TGAS component by means of the astrometric data for open clusters. Methods. Mean cluster parallax and proper motion values are derived taking into account the error correlations within the astrometric solutions for individual stars, an estimate of the internal velocity dispersion in the cluster, and, where relevant, the effects of the depth of the cluster along the line of sight. Internal consistency of the TGAS data is assessed. Results. Values given for standard uncertainties are still inaccurate and may lead to unrealistic unit-weight standard deviations of least squares solutions for cluster parameters. Reconstructed mean cluster parallax and proper motion values are generally in very good agreement with earlier Hipparcos-based determination, although the Gaia mean parallax for the Pleiades is a significant exception. We have no current explanation for that discrepancy. Most clusters are observed to extend to nearly 15 pc from the cluster centre, and it will be up to future Gaia releases to establish whether those potential cluster-member stars are still dynamically bound to the clusters. Conclusions. The Gaia DR1 provides the means to examine open clusters far beyond their more easily visible cores, and can provide membership assessments based on proper motions and parallaxes. A combined HR diagram shows the same features as observed before using the Hipparcos data, with clearly increased luminosities for older A and F dwarfs., Comment: Accepted for publication by A&A. 21 pages main text plus 46 pages appendices. 34 figures main text, 38 figures appendices. 8 table in main text, 19 tables in appendices
Published: 2017
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44. Gaia Data Release 1: The variability processing & analysis and its application to the south ecliptic pole region

Author: Eyer, L., Mowlavi, N., Evans, D. W., Nienartowicz, K., Ordonez, D., Holl, B., Lecoeur-Taibi, I., Riello, M., Clementini, G., Cuypers, J., De Ridder, J., Lanzafame, A. C., Sarro, L. M., Charnas, J., Guy, L. P., de Fombelle, G. Jevardat, Rimoldini, L., Süveges, M., Mignard, F., Busso, G., De Angeli, F., van Leeuwen, F., Dubath, P., Beck, M., Aguado, J. J., Debosscher, J., Distefano, E., Fuchs, J., Koubsky, P., Lebzelter, T., Leccia, S., Lopez, M., Moitinho, A., Regibo, S., Ripepi, V., Roelens, M., Szabados, L., Tingley, B., Votruba, V., Zucker, S., Aerts, C., Barblan, F., Blanco-Cuaresma, S., Grenon, M., Jan, A., Lorenz, D., Miranda, B., Morgenthaler, S., Ordenovic, C., Palaversa, L., Prsa, A., Ruiz-Fuertes, M. I., Anderson, R. I., Delgado, H. E., Dzigan, Y., Hudec, R., Jonckheere, A., Klagyivik, P., Kutka, A., Moniez, M., Nicoletti, J. -M., Park, P., Van Hemelryck, E., Varadi, M., Kochoska, A., Lanza, A. F., Marconi, M., Marschalko, G., Messina, S., Musella, I., Pagano, I., Sadowski, G., and Schultheis, M.
Subjects: Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics
Abstract: The ESA Gaia mission provides a unique time-domain survey for more than one billion sources brighter than G=20.7 mag. Gaia offers the unprecedented opportunity to study variability phenomena in the Universe thanks to multi-epoch G-magnitude photometry in addition to astrometry, blue and red spectro-photometry, and spectroscopy. Within the Gaia Consortium, Coordination Unit 7 has the responsibility to detect variable objects, classify them, derive characteristic parameters for specific variability classes, and provide global descriptions of variable phenomena. We describe the variability processing and analysis that we plan to apply to the successive data releases, and we present its application to the G-band photometry results of the first 14 months of Gaia operations that comprises 28 days of Ecliptic Pole Scanning Law and 13 months of Nominal Scanning Law. Out of the 694 million, all-sky, sources that have calibrated G-band photometry in this first stage of the mission, about 2.3 million sources that have at least 20 observations are located within 38 degrees from the South Ecliptic Pole. We detect about 14% of them as variable candidates, among which the automated classification identified 9347 Cepheid and RR Lyrae candidates. Additional visual inspections and selection criteria led to the publication of 3194 Cepheid and RR Lyrae stars, described in Clementini et al. (2016). Under the restrictive conditions for DR1, the completenesses of Cepheids and RR Lyrae stars are estimated at 67% and 58%, respectively, numbers that will significantly increase with subsequent Gaia data releases. Data processing within the Gaia Consortium is iterative, the quality of the data and the results being improved at each iteration. The results presented in this article show a glimpse of the exceptional harvest that is to be expected from the Gaia mission for variability phenomena. [abridged], Comment: 40 pages, 46 figures. Submitted to A&A
Published: 2017

45. V473 Lyr, a modulated, period-doubled Cepheid, and U TrA, a double-mode Cepheid observed by MOST

Author: Molnár, L., Derekas, A., Szabó, R., Matthews, J. M., Cameron, C., Moffat, A. F. J., Richardson, N. D., Csák, B., Dózsa, Á., Reed, P., Szabados, L., Heathcote, B., Bohlsen, T., Cacella, P., Luckas, P., Sódor, Á., Skarka, M., Szabó, Gy. M., Plachy, E., Kovács, J., Evans, N. R., Kolenberg, K., Collins, K. A., Pepper, J., Stassun, K. G., Rodriguez, J. E., Siverd, R. J., Henden, A., Mankiewicz, L., Żarnecki, A. F., Cwiek, A., Sokolowski, M., Pál, A., Guenther, D. B., Kuschnig, R., Rowe, J., Rucinski, S. M., Sasselov, D., and Weiss, W. W.
Subjects: Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics
Abstract: Space-based photometric measurements first revealed low-amplitude irregularities in the pulsations of Cepheid stars, but their origins and how commonly they occur remain uncertain. To investigate this phenomenon, we present MOST space telescope photometry of two Cepheids. V473 Lyrae is a second-overtone, strongly modulated Cepheid, while U Trianguli Australis is a Cepheid pulsating simultaneously in the fundamental mode and first overtone. The nearly continuous, high-precision photometry reveals alternations in the amplitudes of cycles in V473 Lyr, the first case of period doubling detected in a classical Cepheid. In U TrA, we tentatively identify one peak as the $f_X$ or 0.61-type mode often seen in conjunction with the first radial overtone in Cepheids, but given the short length of the data, we cannot rule out that it is a combination peak instead. Ground-based photometry and spectroscopy were obtained to follow two modulation cycles in V473 Lyr and to better specify its physical parameters. The simultaneous data yield the phase lag parameter (the phase difference between maxima in luminosity and radial velocity) of a second-overtone Cepheid for the first time. We find no evidence for a period change in U TrA or an energy exchange between the fundamental mode and the first overtone during the last 50 years, contrary to earlier indications. Period doubling in V473 Lyr provides a strong argument that mode interactions do occur in some Cepheids and we may hypothesise that it could be behind the amplitude modulation, as recently proposed for Blazhko RR Lyrae stars., Comment: 14 pages, 10 figures, accepted for publication in MNRAS. Data files can be found (temporarily) at http://konkoly.hu/~lmolnar/v473lyr_utra_data.zip
Published: 2016
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46. First observations of W Virginis stars with K2: detection of period doubling

Author: Plachy, E., Molnár, L., Jurkovic, M. I., Smolec, R., Moskalik, P. A., Pál, A., Szabados, L., and Szabó, R.
Subjects: Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics
Abstract: We present the first analysis of W Vir stars observed by the Kepler space telescope in the K2 mission. Clear cycle-to-cycle variation were detected in the light curves of KT Sco and the globular cluster member M80-V1. While the variations in the former star seems to be irregular on the short time scale of the K2 data, the latter appears to experience period doubling in its pulsation. Ground-based colour data confirmed that both stars are W Vir-type pulsators, while a comparison with historical photometric time-series data revealed drastic period changes in both stars. For comparison we reexamine ground-based observations of W Vir, the prototype of the class, and conclude that it shows period doubling instead of mode beating. These results support the notion that nonlinear dynamics plays an important role in the pulsation of W Virginis-type stars., Comment: 8 pages, 7 figures, accepted for publication in MNRAS
Published: 2016
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47. The Kepler Cepheid V1154 Cyg revisited: light curve modulation and detection of granulation

Author: Derekas, A., Plachy, E., Molnar, L., Sodor, A., Benko, J. M., Szabados, L., Bognar, Zs., Csak, B., Szabo, Gy. M., Szabo, R., and Pal, A.
Subjects: Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics
Abstract: We present a detailed analysis of the bright Cepheid-type variable star V1154 Cygni using 4 years of continuous observations by the Kepler space telescope. We detected 28 frequencies using standard Fourier transform method.We identified modulation of the main pulsation frequency and its harmonics with a period of ~159 d. This modulation is also present in the Fourier parameters of the light curve and the O-C diagram. We detected another modulation with a period of about 1160 d. The star also shows significant power in the low-frequency region that we identified as granulation noise. The effective timescale of the granulation agrees with the extrapolated scalings of red giant stars. Non-detection of solar-like oscillations indicates that the pulsation inhibits other oscillations. We obtained new radial velocity observations which are in a perfect agreement with previous years data, suggesting that there is no high mass star companion of V1154 Cygni. Finally, we discuss the possible origin of the detected frequency modulations., Comment: 10 pages, 9 figures, accepted for publication in MNRAS
Published: 2016
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48. Gaia Data Release 1 - The Cepheid & RR Lyrae star pipeline and its application to the south ecliptic pole region

Author: Clementini, G., Ripepi, V., Leccia, S., Mowlavi, N., Lecoeur-Taibi, I., Marconi, M., Szabados, L., Eyer, L., Guy, L. P., Rimoldini, L., de Fombelle, G. Jevardat, Holl, B., Busso, G., Charnas, J., Cuypers, J., De Angeli, F., De Ridder, J., Debosscher, J., Evans, D. W., Klagyivik, P., Musella, I., Nienartowicz, K., Ordonez, D., Regibo, S., Riello, M., Sarro, L. M., and Suveges, M.
Subjects: Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies
Abstract: We present an overview of the Specific Objects Study (SOS) pipeline developed within the Coordination Unit 7 (CU7) of the Gaia Data Processing and Analysis Consortium (DPAC), the coordination unit charged with the processing and analysis of variable sources observed by Gaia, to validate and fully characterise Cepheids and RR Lyrae stars observed by the spacecraft. We describe how the SOS for Cepheids and RR Lyrae stars (SOS Cep&RRL) was specifically tailored to analyse Gaia's G-band photometric time-series with a South Ecliptic Pole (SEP) footprint, which covers an external region of the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC). G-band time-series photometry and characterization by the SOS Cep&RRL pipeline (mean magnitude and pulsation characteristics) are published in Gaia Data Release 1 (Gaia DR1) for a total sample of 3,194 variable stars, 599 Cepheids and 2,595 RR Lyrae stars, of which 386 (43 Cepheids and 343 RR Lyrae stars) are new discoveries by Gaia. All 3,194 stars are distributed over an area extending 38 degrees on either side from a point offset from the centre of the LMC by about 3 degrees to the north and 4 degrees to the east. The vast majority, but not all, are located within the LMC. The published sample also includes a few bright RR Lyrae stars that trace the outer halo of the Milky Way in front of the LMC., Comment: 36 pages, 45 figures, 4 tables. Accepted for publication on A&A. A full version with higher resolution figures and the complete atlas of light curves can be found at this link: http://davide2.bo.astro.it/~felix/ The manuscript is part of the series of DPAC papers that accompany Gaia DR1
Published: 2016
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49. Discovery of a dormant 33 solar-mass black hole in pre-release Gaia astrometry

Author: Panuzzo, P., Mazeh, T., Arenou, F., Holl, B., Caffau, E., Jorissen, A., Babusiaux, C., Gavras, P., Sahlmann, J., Bastian, U., Wyrzykowski, Ł., Eyer, L., Leclerc, N., Bauchet, N., Bombrun, A., Mowlavi, N., Seabroke, G. M., Teyssier, D., Balbinot, E., Helmi, A., Brown, A. G.A., Vallenari, A., Prusti, T., De Bruijne, J. H.J., Barbier, A., Biermann, M., Creevey, O. L., Ducourant, C., Evans, D. W., Guerra, R., Hutton, A., Jordi, C., Klioner, S. A., Lammers, U., Lindegren, L., Luri, X., Mignard, F., Nicolas, C., Randich, S., Sartoretti, P., Smiljanic, R., Tanga, P., Walton, N. A., Aerts, C., Bailer-Jones, C. A.L., Cropper, M., Drimmel, R., Jansen, F., Katz, D., Lattanzi, M. G., Soubiran, C., Thévenin, F., Van Leeuwen, F., Andrae, R., Audard, M., Bakker, J., Blomme, R., Castañeda, J., De Angeli, F., Fabricius, C., Fouesneau, M., Frémat, Y., Galluccio, L., Guerrier, A., Heiter, U., Masana, E., Messineo, R., Nienartowicz, K., Pailler, F., Riclet, F., Roux, W., Sordo, R., Gracia-Abril, G., Portell, J., Altmann, M., Benson, K., Berthier, J., Burgess, P. W., Busonero, D., Busso, G., Cacciari, C., Cánovas, H., Carrasco, J. M., Carry, B., Cellino, A., Cheek, N., Clementini, G., Damerdji, Y., Davidson, M., De Teodoro, P., Delchambre, L., Della Oro, A., Fraile Garcia, E., Garabato, D., García-Lario, P., Haigron, R., Hambly, N. C., Harrison, D. L., Hatzidimitriou, D., Hernández, J., Hestroffer, D., Hodgkin, S. T., Jamal, S., Jevardat De Fombelle, G., Jordan, S., Krone-Martins, A., Lanzafame, A. C., Löffler, W., Lorca, A., Marchal, O., Marrese, P. M., Moitinho, A., Muinonen, K., Nuñez Campos, M., Oreshina-Slezak, I., Osborne, P., Pancino, E., Pauwels, T., Recio-Blanco, A., Riello, M., Rimoldini, L., Robin, A. C., Roegiers, T., Sarro, L. M., Schultheis, M., Smith, M., Sozzetti, A., Utrilla, E., Van Leeuwen, M., Weingrill, K., Abbas, U., Ábrahám, P., Abreu Aramburu, A., Ahmed, S., Altavilla, G., Álvarez, M. A., Anders, F., Anderson, R. I., Anglada Varela, E., Antoja, T., Baig, S., Baines, D., Baker, S. G., Balaguer-Núñez, L., Balog, Z., Barache, C., Barros, M., Barstow, M. A., Bartolomé, S., Bashi, D., Bassilana, J. L., Baudeau, N., Becciani, U., Bedin, L. R., Bellas-Velidis, I., Bellazzini, M., Beordo, W., Bernet, M., Bertolotto, C., Bertone, S., Bianchi, L., Binnenfeld, A., Blanco-Cuaresma, S., Bland-Hawthorn, J., Blazere, A., Boch, T., Bossini, D., Bouquillon, S., Bragaglia, A., Braine, J., Bratsolis, E., Breedt, E., Bressan, A., Brouillet, N., Brugaletta, E., Bucciarelli, B., Butkevich, A. G., Buzzi, R., Camut, A., Cancelliere, R., Cantat-Gaudin, T., Capilla Guilarte, D., Carballo, R., Carlucci, T., Carnerero, M. I., Carretero, J., Carton, S., Casamiquela, L., Casey, A., Castellani, M., Castro-Ginard, A., Ceraj, L., Cesare, V., Charlot, P., Chaudet, C., Chemin, L., Chiavassa, A., Chornay, N., Chosson, D., Cooper, W. J., Cornez, T., Cowell, S., Crosta, M., Crowley, C., Cruz Reyes, M., Dafonte, C., Dal Ponte, M., David, M., De Laverny, P., De Luise, F., De March, R., De Torres, A., Del Peloso, E. F., Delbo, M., Delgado, A., Delisle, J. B., Demouchy, C., Denis, E., Dharmawardena, T. E., Di Giacomo, F., Diener, C., Distefano, E., Dolding, C., Dsilva, K., Enke, H., Fabre, C., Fabrizio, M., Faigler, S., Fatoviä, M., Fedorets, G., Fernández-Hernández, J., Fernique, P., Figueras, F., Fouron, C., Fragkoudi, F., Gai, M., Galinier, M., Garcia-Serrano, A., García-Torres, M., Garofalo, A., Gerlach, E., Geyer, R., Giacobbe, P., Gilmore, G., Girona, S., Giuffrida, G., Gomboc, A., Gomez, A., González-Santamaría, I., Gosset, E., Granvik, Mikael, Gregori Barrera, V., Gutiérrez-Sánchez, R., Haywood, M., Helmer, A., Hidalgo, S. L., Hilger, T., Hobbs, D., Hottier, C., Huckle, H. E., Jiménez-Arranz, Ó., Juaristi Campillo, J., Kaczmarek, Z., Kervella, P., Khanna, S., Kontizas, M., Kordopatis, G., Korn, A. J., Kóspál, Á., Kostrzewa-Rutkowska, Z., KruszyåÃ Â Ska, K., Kun, M., Lambert, S., Lanza, A. F., Lebreton, Y., Lebzelter, T., Leccia, S., Lecoutre, G., Liao, S., Liberato, L., Licata, E., Livanou, E., Lobel, A., López-Miralles, J., Loup, C., Madarász, M., Mahy, L., Mann, R. G., Manteiga, M., Marcellino, C. P., Marchant, J. M., Marconi, M., Marín Pina, D., Marinoni, S., Marshall, D. J., Martín Lozano, J., Martin Polo, L., Martín-Fleitas, J. M., Marton, G., Mascarenhas, D., Masip, A., Mastrobuono-Battisti, A., McMillan, P. J., Meichsner, J., Merc, J., Messina, S., Millar, N. R., Mints, A., Mohamed, D., Molina, D., Molinaro, R., Molnár, L., Monguió, M., Montegriffo, P., Monti, L., Mora, A., Morbidelli, R., Morris, D., Mudimadugula, R., Muraveva, T., Musella, I., Nagy, Z., Nardetto, N., Navarrete, C., Oh, S., Ordenovic, C., Orenstein, O., Pagani, C., Pagano, I., Palaversa, L., Palicio, P. A., Pallas-Quintela, L., Pawlak, M., Penttilä, A., Pesciullesi, P., Pinamonti, M., Plachy, E., Planquart, L., Plum, G., Poggio, E., Pourbaix, D., Price-Whelan, A. M., Pulone, L., Rabin, V., Rainer, M., Raiteri, C. M., Ramos, P., Ramos-Lerate, M., Ratajczak, M., Re Fiorentin, P., Regibo, S., Reylé, C., Ripepi, V., Riva, A., Rix, H. W., Rixon, G., Robert, G., Robichon, N., Robin, C., Romero-Gómez, M., Rowell, N., Ruz Mieres, D., Rybicki, K. A., Sadowski, G., Sagristà Sellés, A., Sanna, N., Santoveña, R., Sarasso, M., Sarmiento, M. H., Sarrate Riera, C., Sciacca, E., Ségransan, D., Semczuk, M., Shahaf, S., Siebert, A., Slezak, E., Smart, R. L., Snaith, O. N., Solano, E., Solitro, F., Souami, D., Souchay, J., Spitoni, E., Spoto, F., Squillante, L. A., Steele, I. A., Steidelmüller, H., Surdej, J., Szabados, L., Taris, F., Taylor, M. B., Teixeira, R., Tepper-Garcia, T., Thuillot, W., Tolomei, L., Tonello, N., Torra, F., Torralba Elipe, G., Trabucchi, M., Trentin, E., Tsantaki, M., Turon, C., Ulla, A., Unger, N., Valtchanov, I., Vanel, O., Vecchiato, A., Vicente, D., Villar, E., Weiler, M., Zhao, H., Zorec, J., Zucker, S., Župiä, A., Zwitter, T., Panuzzo, P., Mazeh, T., Arenou, F., Holl, B., Caffau, E., Jorissen, A., Babusiaux, C., Gavras, P., Sahlmann, J., Bastian, U., Wyrzykowski, Ł., Eyer, L., Leclerc, N., Bauchet, N., Bombrun, A., Mowlavi, N., Seabroke, G. M., Teyssier, D., Balbinot, E., Helmi, A., Brown, A. G.A., Vallenari, A., Prusti, T., De Bruijne, J. H.J., Barbier, A., Biermann, M., Creevey, O. L., Ducourant, C., Evans, D. W., Guerra, R., Hutton, A., Jordi, C., Klioner, S. A., Lammers, U., Lindegren, L., Luri, X., Mignard, F., Nicolas, C., Randich, S., Sartoretti, P., Smiljanic, R., Tanga, P., Walton, N. A., Aerts, C., Bailer-Jones, C. A.L., Cropper, M., Drimmel, R., Jansen, F., Katz, D., Lattanzi, M. G., Soubiran, C., Thévenin, F., Van Leeuwen, F., Andrae, R., Audard, M., Bakker, J., Blomme, R., Castañeda, J., De Angeli, F., Fabricius, C., Fouesneau, M., Frémat, Y., Galluccio, L., Guerrier, A., Heiter, U., Masana, E., Messineo, R., Nienartowicz, K., Pailler, F., Riclet, F., Roux, W., Sordo, R., Gracia-Abril, G., Portell, J., Altmann, M., Benson, K., Berthier, J., Burgess, P. W., Busonero, D., Busso, G., Cacciari, C., Cánovas, H., Carrasco, J. M., Carry, B., Cellino, A., Cheek, N., Clementini, G., Damerdji, Y., Davidson, M., De Teodoro, P., Delchambre, L., Della Oro, A., Fraile Garcia, E., Garabato, D., García-Lario, P., Haigron, R., Hambly, N. C., Harrison, D. L., Hatzidimitriou, D., Hernández, J., Hestroffer, D., Hodgkin, S. T., Jamal, S., Jevardat De Fombelle, G., Jordan, S., Krone-Martins, A., Lanzafame, A. C., Löffler, W., Lorca, A., Marchal, O., Marrese, P. M., Moitinho, A., Muinonen, K., Nuñez Campos, M., Oreshina-Slezak, I., Osborne, P., Pancino, E., Pauwels, T., Recio-Blanco, A., Riello, M., Rimoldini, L., Robin, A. C., Roegiers, T., Sarro, L. M., Schultheis, M., Smith, M., Sozzetti, A., Utrilla, E., Van Leeuwen, M., Weingrill, K., Abbas, U., Ábrahám, P., Abreu Aramburu, A., Ahmed, S., Altavilla, G., Álvarez, M. A., Anders, F., Anderson, R. I., Anglada Varela, E., Antoja, T., Baig, S., Baines, D., Baker, S. G., Balaguer-Núñez, L., Balog, Z., Barache, C., Barros, M., Barstow, M. A., Bartolomé, S., Bashi, D., Bassilana, J. L., Baudeau, N., Becciani, U., Bedin, L. R., Bellas-Velidis, I., Bellazzini, M., Beordo, W., Bernet, M., Bertolotto, C., Bertone, S., Bianchi, L., Binnenfeld, A., Blanco-Cuaresma, S., Bland-Hawthorn, J., Blazere, A., Boch, T., Bossini, D., Bouquillon, S., Bragaglia, A., Braine, J., Bratsolis, E., Breedt, E., Bressan, A., Brouillet, N., Brugaletta, E., Bucciarelli, B., Butkevich, A. G., Buzzi, R., Camut, A., Cancelliere, R., Cantat-Gaudin, T., Capilla Guilarte, D., Carballo, R., Carlucci, T., Carnerero, M. I., Carretero, J., Carton, S., Casamiquela, L., Casey, A., Castellani, M., Castro-Ginard, A., Ceraj, L., Cesare, V., Charlot, P., Chaudet, C., Chemin, L., Chiavassa, A., Chornay, N., Chosson, D., Cooper, W. J., Cornez, T., Cowell, S., Crosta, M., Crowley, C., Cruz Reyes, M., Dafonte, C., Dal Ponte, M., David, M., De Laverny, P., De Luise, F., De March, R., De Torres, A., Del Peloso, E. F., Delbo, M., Delgado, A., Delisle, J. B., Demouchy, C., Denis, E., Dharmawardena, T. E., Di Giacomo, F., Diener, C., Distefano, E., Dolding, C., Dsilva, K., Enke, H., Fabre, C., Fabrizio, M., Faigler, S., Fatoviä, M., Fedorets, G., Fernández-Hernández, J., Fernique, P., Figueras, F., Fouron, C., Fragkoudi, F., Gai, M., Galinier, M., Garcia-Serrano, A., García-Torres, M., Garofalo, A., Gerlach, E., Geyer, R., Giacobbe, P., Gilmore, G., Girona, S., Giuffrida, G., Gomboc, A., Gomez, A., González-Santamaría, I., Gosset, E., Granvik, Mikael, Gregori Barrera, V., Gutiérrez-Sánchez, R., Haywood, M., Helmer, A., Hidalgo, S. L., Hilger, T., Hobbs, D., Hottier, C., Huckle, H. E., Jiménez-Arranz, Ó., Juaristi Campillo, J., Kaczmarek, Z., Kervella, P., Khanna, S., Kontizas, M., Kordopatis, G., Korn, A. J., Kóspál, Á., Kostrzewa-Rutkowska, Z., KruszyåÃ Â Ska, K., Kun, M., Lambert, S., Lanza, A. F., Lebreton, Y., Lebzelter, T., Leccia, S., Lecoutre, G., Liao, S., Liberato, L., Licata, E., Livanou, E., Lobel, A., López-Miralles, J., Loup, C., Madarász, M., Mahy, L., Mann, R. G., Manteiga, M., Marcellino, C. P., Marchant, J. M., Marconi, M., Marín Pina, D., Marinoni, S., Marshall, D. J., Martín Lozano, J., Martin Polo, L., Martín-Fleitas, J. M., Marton, G., Mascarenhas, D., Masip, A., Mastrobuono-Battisti, A., McMillan, P. J., Meichsner, J., Merc, J., Messina, S., Millar, N. R., Mints, A., Mohamed, D., Molina, D., Molinaro, R., Molnár, L., Monguió, M., Montegriffo, P., Monti, L., Mora, A., Morbidelli, R., Morris, D., Mudimadugula, R., Muraveva, T., Musella, I., Nagy, Z., Nardetto, N., Navarrete, C., Oh, S., Ordenovic, C., Orenstein, O., Pagani, C., Pagano, I., Palaversa, L., Palicio, P. A., Pallas-Quintela, L., Pawlak, M., Penttilä, A., Pesciullesi, P., Pinamonti, M., Plachy, E., Planquart, L., Plum, G., Poggio, E., Pourbaix, D., Price-Whelan, A. M., Pulone, L., Rabin, V., Rainer, M., Raiteri, C. M., Ramos, P., Ramos-Lerate, M., Ratajczak, M., Re Fiorentin, P., Regibo, S., Reylé, C., Ripepi, V., Riva, A., Rix, H. W., Rixon, G., Robert, G., Robichon, N., Robin, C., Romero-Gómez, M., Rowell, N., Ruz Mieres, D., Rybicki, K. A., Sadowski, G., Sagristà Sellés, A., Sanna, N., Santoveña, R., Sarasso, M., Sarmiento, M. H., Sarrate Riera, C., Sciacca, E., Ségransan, D., Semczuk, M., Shahaf, S., Siebert, A., Slezak, E., Smart, R. L., Snaith, O. N., Solano, E., Solitro, F., Souami, D., Souchay, J., Spitoni, E., Spoto, F., Squillante, L. A., Steele, I. A., Steidelmüller, H., Surdej, J., Szabados, L., Taris, F., Taylor, M. B., Teixeira, R., Tepper-Garcia, T., Thuillot, W., Tolomei, L., Tonello, N., Torra, F., Torralba Elipe, G., Trabucchi, M., Trentin, E., Tsantaki, M., Turon, C., Ulla, A., Unger, N., Valtchanov, I., Vanel, O., Vecchiato, A., Vicente, D., Villar, E., Weiler, M., Zhao, H., Zorec, J., Zucker, S., Župiä, A., and Zwitter, T.
Abstract: Context. Gravitational waves from black-hole (BH) merging events have revealed a population of extra-galactic BHs residing in short-period binaries with masses that are higher than expected based on most stellar evolution models-And also higher than known stellar-origin black holes in our Galaxy. It has been proposed that those high-mass BHs are the remnants of massive metal-poor stars. Aims. Gaia astrometry is expected to uncover many Galactic wide-binary systems containing dormant BHs, which may not have been detected before. The study of this population will provide new information on the BH-mass distribution in binaries and shed light on their formation mechanisms and progenitors. Methods. As part of the validation efforts in preparation for the fourth Gaia data release (DR4), we analysed the preliminary astrometric binary solutions, obtained by the Gaia Non-Single Star pipeline, to verify their significance and to minimise false-detection rates in high-mass-function orbital solutions. Results. The astrometric binary solution of one source, Gaia BH3, implies the presence of a 32.70a ±a 0.82aM- BH in a binary system with a period of 11.6 yr. Gaia radial velocities independently validate the astrometric orbit. Broad-band photometric and spectroscopic data show that the visible component is an old, very metal-poor giant of the Galactic halo, at a distance of 590 pc. Conclusions. The BH in the Gaia BH3 system is more massive than any other Galactic stellar-origin BH known thus far. The low metallicity of the star companion supports the scenario that metal-poor massive stars are progenitors of the high-mass BHs detected by gravitational-wave telescopes. The Galactic orbit of the system and its metallicity indicate that it might belong to the Sequoia halo substructure. Alternatively, and more plausibly, it could belong to the ED-2 stream, which likely originated from a globular cluster that had been disrupted by the Milky Way., Funder: for funder information see Appendix F in https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202449763;Full text license: CC BY 4.0
Published: 2024
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50. Gaia Focused Product Release: A catalogue of sources around quasars to search for strongly lensed quasars

Author: Krone-Martins, A., Ducourant, C., Galluccio, L., Delchambre, L., Oreshina-Slezak, I., Teixeira, R., Braine, J., Le Campion, J. F., Mignard, F., Roux, W., Blazere, A., Pegoraro, L., Brown, A. G.A., Vallenari, A., Prusti, T., De Bruijne, J. H.J., Arenou, F., Babusiaux, C., Barbier, A., Biermann, M., Creevey, O. L., Evans, D. W., Eyer, L., Guerra, R., Hutton, A., Jordi, C., Klioner, S. A., Lammers, U., Lindegren, L., Luri, X., Randich, S., Sartoretti, P., Smiljanic, R., Tanga, P., Walton, N. A., Bailer-Jones, C. A.L., Bastian, U., Cropper, M., Drimmel, R., Katz, D., Soubiran, C., Van Leeuwen, F., Audard, M., Bakker, J., Blomme, R., Castañeda, J., De Angeli, F., Fabricius, C., Fouesneau, M., Frémat, Y., Guerrier, A., Masana, E., Messineo, R., Nicolas, C., Nienartowicz, K., Pailler, F., Panuzzo, P., Riclet, F., Seabroke, G. M., Sordo, R., Thévenin, F., Gracia-Abril, G., Portell, J., Teyssier, D., Altmann, M., Benson, K., Berthier, J., Burgess, P. W., Busonero, D., Busso, G., Cánovas, H., Carry, B., Cheek, N., Clementini, G., Damerdji, Y., Davidson, M., De Teodoro, P., Dell' Oro, A., Fraile Garcia, E., Garabato, D., García-Lario, P., Garralda Torres, N., Gavras, P., Haigron, R., Hambly, N. C., Harrison, D. L., Hatzidimitriou, D., Hernández, J., Hodgkin, S. T., Holl, B., Jamal, S., Jordan, S., Lanzafame, A. C., Löffler, W., Lorca, A., Marchal, O., Marrese, P. M., Moitinho, A., Muinonen, K., Nuñez Campos, M., Osborne, P., Pancino, E., Pauwels, T., Recio-Blanco, A., Riello, M., Rimoldini, L., Robin, A. C., Roegiers, T., Sarro, L. M., Schultheis, M., Siopis, C., Smith, M., Sozzetti, A., Utrilla, E., Van Leeuwen, M., Weingrill, K., Abbas, U., Ábrahám, P., Abreu Aramburu, A., Aerts, C., Altavilla, G., Álvarez, M. A., Alves, J., Anderson, R. I., Antoja, T., Baines, D., Baker, S. G., Balog, Z., Barache, C., Barbato, D., Barros, M., Barstow, M. A., Bartolomé, S., Bashi, D., Bauchet, N., Baudeau, N., Becciani, U., Bedin, L. R., Bellas-Velidis, I., Bellazzini, M., Beordo, W., Berihuete, A., Bernet, M., Bertolotto, C., Bertone, S., Bianchi, L., Binnenfeld, A., Boch, T., Bombrun, A., Bouquillon, S., Bragaglia, A., Bramante, L., Breedt, E., Bressan, A., Brouillet, N., Brugaletta, E., Bucciarelli, B., Butkevich, A. G., Buzzi, R., Caffau, E., Cancelliere, R., Cannizzo, S., Carballo, R., Carlucci, T., Carnerero, M. I., Carrasco, J. M., Carretero, J., Carton, S., Casamiquela, L., Castellani, M., Castro-Ginard, A., Cesare, V., Charlot, P., Chemin, L., Chiaramida, V., Chiavassa, A., Chornay, N., Collins, R., Contursi, G., Cooper, W. J., Cornez, T., Crosta, M., Crowley, C., Dafonte, C., De Laverny, P., De Luise, F., De March, R., De Souza, R., De Torres, A., Del Peloso, E. F., Delbo, M., Delgado, A., Dharmawardena, T. E., Diakite, S., Diener, C., Distefano, E., Dolding, C., Dsilva, K., Durán, J., Enke, H., Esquej, P., Fabre, C., Fabrizio, M., Faigler, S., FatoviäÃ Â‡, M., Fedorets, G., Fernández-Hernández, J., Fernique, P., Figueras, F., Fournier, Y., Fouron, C., Gai, M., Galinier, M., Garcia-Gutierrez, A., García-Torres, M., Garofalo, A., Gerlach, E., Geyer, R., Giacobbe, P., Gilmore, G., Girona, S., Giuffrida, G., Gomel, R., Gomez, A., González-Núñez, J., González-Santamaría, I., Gosset, E., Granvik, Mikael, Gregori Barrera, V., Gutiérrez-Sánchez, R., Haywood, M., Helmer, A., Helmi, A., Henares, K., Hidalgo, S. L., Hilger, T., Hobbs, D., Hottier, C., Huckle, H. E., JabåÃ Â OåÃ Â., Ska, M., Jansen, F., Jiménez-Arranz, Ó, Juaristi Campillo, J., Khanna, S., Kordopatis, G., Kóspál, Á, Kostrzewa-Rutkowska, Z., Kun, M., Lambert, S., Lanza, A. F., Lebreton, Y., Lebzelter, T., Leccia, S., Lecoeur-Taibi, I., Lecoutre, G., Liao, S., Liberato, L., Licata, E., Lindstrøm, H. E.P., Lister, T. A., Livanou, E., Lobel, A., Loup, C., Mahy, L., Mann, R. G., Manteiga, M., Marchant, J. M., Marconi, M., Marín Pina, D., Marinoni, S., Marshall, D. J., Martín Lozano, J., Martín-Fleitas, J. M., Marton, G., Mary, N., Masip, A., Massari, D., Mastrobuono-Battisti, A., Mazeh, T., McMillan, P. J., Meichsner, J., Messina, S., Michalik, D., Millar, N. R., Mints, A., Molina, D., Molinaro, R., Molnár, L., Monari, G., Monguió, M., Montegriffo, P., Montero, A., Mor, R., Mora, A., Morbidelli, R., Morel, T., Morris, D., Mowlavi, N., Munoz, D., Muraveva, T., Murphy, C. P., Musella, I., Nagy, Z., Nieto, S., Noval, L., Ogden, A., Ordenovic, C., Pagani, C., Pagano, I., Palaversa, L., Palicio, P. A., Pallas-Quintela, L., Panahi, A., Panem, C., Payne-Wardenaar, S., Penttilä, A., Pesciullesi, P., Piersimoni, A. M., Pinamonti, M., Pineau, F. X., Plachy, E., Plum, G., Poggio, E., Pourbaix, D., Prša, A., Pulone, L., Racero, E., Rainer, M., Raiteri, C. M., Ramos, P., Ramos-Lerate, M., Ratajczak, M., Re Fiorentin, P., Regibo, S., Reylé, C., Ripepi, V., Riva, A., Rix, H. W., Rixon, G., Robichon, N., Robin, C., Romero-Gómez, M., Rowell, N., Royer, F., Ruz Mieres, D., Rybicki, K. A., Sadowski, G., Sáez Núñez, A., Sagristà Sellés, A., Sahlmann, J., Sanchez Gimenez, V., Sanna, N., Santoveña, R., Sarasso, M., Sarrate Riera, C., Sciacca, E., Segovia, J. C., Ségransan, D., Shahaf, S., Siebert, A., Siltala, L., Slezak, E., Smart, R. L., Snaith, O. N., Solano, E., Solitro, F., Souami, D., Souchay, J., Spina, L., Spitoni, E., Spoto, F., Squillante, L. A., Steele, I. A., Steidelmüller, H., Surdej, J., Szabados, L., Taris, F., Taylor, M. B., TisaniäÃ Â‡, K., Tolomei, L., Torra, F., Torralba Elipe, G., Trabucchi, M., Tsantaki, M., Ulla, A., Unger, N., Vanel, O., Vecchiato, A., Vicente, D., Voutsinas, S., Weiler, M., Wyrzykowski, Ł, Zhao, H., Zorec, J., Zwitter, T., Balaguer-Núñez, L., Leclerc, N., Morgenthaler, S., Robert, G., Zucker, S., Krone-Martins, A., Ducourant, C., Galluccio, L., Delchambre, L., Oreshina-Slezak, I., Teixeira, R., Braine, J., Le Campion, J. F., Mignard, F., Roux, W., Blazere, A., Pegoraro, L., Brown, A. G.A., Vallenari, A., Prusti, T., De Bruijne, J. H.J., Arenou, F., Babusiaux, C., Barbier, A., Biermann, M., Creevey, O. L., Evans, D. W., Eyer, L., Guerra, R., Hutton, A., Jordi, C., Klioner, S. A., Lammers, U., Lindegren, L., Luri, X., Randich, S., Sartoretti, P., Smiljanic, R., Tanga, P., Walton, N. A., Bailer-Jones, C. A.L., Bastian, U., Cropper, M., Drimmel, R., Katz, D., Soubiran, C., Van Leeuwen, F., Audard, M., Bakker, J., Blomme, R., Castañeda, J., De Angeli, F., Fabricius, C., Fouesneau, M., Frémat, Y., Guerrier, A., Masana, E., Messineo, R., Nicolas, C., Nienartowicz, K., Pailler, F., Panuzzo, P., Riclet, F., Seabroke, G. M., Sordo, R., Thévenin, F., Gracia-Abril, G., Portell, J., Teyssier, D., Altmann, M., Benson, K., Berthier, J., Burgess, P. W., Busonero, D., Busso, G., Cánovas, H., Carry, B., Cheek, N., Clementini, G., Damerdji, Y., Davidson, M., De Teodoro, P., Dell' Oro, A., Fraile Garcia, E., Garabato, D., García-Lario, P., Garralda Torres, N., Gavras, P., Haigron, R., Hambly, N. C., Harrison, D. L., Hatzidimitriou, D., Hernández, J., Hodgkin, S. T., Holl, B., Jamal, S., Jordan, S., Lanzafame, A. C., Löffler, W., Lorca, A., Marchal, O., Marrese, P. M., Moitinho, A., Muinonen, K., Nuñez Campos, M., Osborne, P., Pancino, E., Pauwels, T., Recio-Blanco, A., Riello, M., Rimoldini, L., Robin, A. C., Roegiers, T., Sarro, L. M., Schultheis, M., Siopis, C., Smith, M., Sozzetti, A., Utrilla, E., Van Leeuwen, M., Weingrill, K., Abbas, U., Ábrahám, P., Abreu Aramburu, A., Aerts, C., Altavilla, G., Álvarez, M. A., Alves, J., Anderson, R. I., Antoja, T., Baines, D., Baker, S. G., Balog, Z., Barache, C., Barbato, D., Barros, M., Barstow, M. A., Bartolomé, S., Bashi, D., Bauchet, N., Baudeau, N., Becciani, U., Bedin, L. R., Bellas-Velidis, I., Bellazzini, M., Beordo, W., Berihuete, A., Bernet, M., Bertolotto, C., Bertone, S., Bianchi, L., Binnenfeld, A., Boch, T., Bombrun, A., Bouquillon, S., Bragaglia, A., Bramante, L., Breedt, E., Bressan, A., Brouillet, N., Brugaletta, E., Bucciarelli, B., Butkevich, A. G., Buzzi, R., Caffau, E., Cancelliere, R., Cannizzo, S., Carballo, R., Carlucci, T., Carnerero, M. I., Carrasco, J. M., Carretero, J., Carton, S., Casamiquela, L., Castellani, M., Castro-Ginard, A., Cesare, V., Charlot, P., Chemin, L., Chiaramida, V., Chiavassa, A., Chornay, N., Collins, R., Contursi, G., Cooper, W. J., Cornez, T., Crosta, M., Crowley, C., Dafonte, C., De Laverny, P., De Luise, F., De March, R., De Souza, R., De Torres, A., Del Peloso, E. F., Delbo, M., Delgado, A., Dharmawardena, T. E., Diakite, S., Diener, C., Distefano, E., Dolding, C., Dsilva, K., Durán, J., Enke, H., Esquej, P., Fabre, C., Fabrizio, M., Faigler, S., FatoviäÃ Â‡, M., Fedorets, G., Fernández-Hernández, J., Fernique, P., Figueras, F., Fournier, Y., Fouron, C., Gai, M., Galinier, M., Garcia-Gutierrez, A., García-Torres, M., Garofalo, A., Gerlach, E., Geyer, R., Giacobbe, P., Gilmore, G., Girona, S., Giuffrida, G., Gomel, R., Gomez, A., González-Núñez, J., González-Santamaría, I., Gosset, E., Granvik, Mikael, Gregori Barrera, V., Gutiérrez-Sánchez, R., Haywood, M., Helmer, A., Helmi, A., Henares, K., Hidalgo, S. L., Hilger, T., Hobbs, D., Hottier, C., Huckle, H. E., JabåÃ Â OåÃ Â., Ska, M., Jansen, F., Jiménez-Arranz, Ó, Juaristi Campillo, J., Khanna, S., Kordopatis, G., Kóspál, Á, Kostrzewa-Rutkowska, Z., Kun, M., Lambert, S., Lanza, A. F., Lebreton, Y., Lebzelter, T., Leccia, S., Lecoeur-Taibi, I., Lecoutre, G., Liao, S., Liberato, L., Licata, E., Lindstrøm, H. E.P., Lister, T. A., Livanou, E., Lobel, A., Loup, C., Mahy, L., Mann, R. G., Manteiga, M., Marchant, J. M., Marconi, M., Marín Pina, D., Marinoni, S., Marshall, D. J., Martín Lozano, J., Martín-Fleitas, J. M., Marton, G., Mary, N., Masip, A., Massari, D., Mastrobuono-Battisti, A., Mazeh, T., McMillan, P. J., Meichsner, J., Messina, S., Michalik, D., Millar, N. R., Mints, A., Molina, D., Molinaro, R., Molnár, L., Monari, G., Monguió, M., Montegriffo, P., Montero, A., Mor, R., Mora, A., Morbidelli, R., Morel, T., Morris, D., Mowlavi, N., Munoz, D., Muraveva, T., Murphy, C. P., Musella, I., Nagy, Z., Nieto, S., Noval, L., Ogden, A., Ordenovic, C., Pagani, C., Pagano, I., Palaversa, L., Palicio, P. A., Pallas-Quintela, L., Panahi, A., Panem, C., Payne-Wardenaar, S., Penttilä, A., Pesciullesi, P., Piersimoni, A. M., Pinamonti, M., Pineau, F. X., Plachy, E., Plum, G., Poggio, E., Pourbaix, D., Prša, A., Pulone, L., Racero, E., Rainer, M., Raiteri, C. M., Ramos, P., Ramos-Lerate, M., Ratajczak, M., Re Fiorentin, P., Regibo, S., Reylé, C., Ripepi, V., Riva, A., Rix, H. W., Rixon, G., Robichon, N., Robin, C., Romero-Gómez, M., Rowell, N., Royer, F., Ruz Mieres, D., Rybicki, K. A., Sadowski, G., Sáez Núñez, A., Sagristà Sellés, A., Sahlmann, J., Sanchez Gimenez, V., Sanna, N., Santoveña, R., Sarasso, M., Sarrate Riera, C., Sciacca, E., Segovia, J. C., Ségransan, D., Shahaf, S., Siebert, A., Siltala, L., Slezak, E., Smart, R. L., Snaith, O. N., Solano, E., Solitro, F., Souami, D., Souchay, J., Spina, L., Spitoni, E., Spoto, F., Squillante, L. A., Steele, I. A., Steidelmüller, H., Surdej, J., Szabados, L., Taris, F., Taylor, M. B., TisaniäÃ Â‡, K., Tolomei, L., Torra, F., Torralba Elipe, G., Trabucchi, M., Tsantaki, M., Ulla, A., Unger, N., Vanel, O., Vecchiato, A., Vicente, D., Voutsinas, S., Weiler, M., Wyrzykowski, Ł, Zhao, H., Zorec, J., Zwitter, T., Balaguer-Núñez, L., Leclerc, N., Morgenthaler, S., Robert, G., and Zucker, S.
Abstract: Context. Strongly lensed quasars are fundamental sources for cosmology. The Gaia space mission covers the entire sky with the unprecedented resolution of 0.18âÃ Â€ ³ in the optical, making it an ideal instrument to search for gravitational lenses down to the limiting magnitude of 21. Nevertheless, the previous Gaia Data Releases are known to be incomplete for small angular separations such as those expected for most lenses. Aims. We present the Data Processing and Analysis Consortium GravLens pipeline, which was built to analyse all Gaia detections around quasars and to cluster them into sources, thus producing a catalogue of secondary sources around each quasar. We analysed the resulting catalogue to produce scores that indicate source configurations that are compatible with strongly lensed quasars. Methods. GravLens uses the DBSCAN unsupervised clustering algorithm to detect sources around quasars. The resulting catalogue of multiplets is then analysed with several methods to identify potential gravitational lenses. We developed and applied an outlier scoring method, a comparison between the average BP and RP spectra of the components, and we also used an extremely randomised tree algorithm. These methods produce scores to identify the most probable configurations and to establish a list of lens candidates. Results. We analysed the environment of 3 760 032 quasars. A total of 4 760 920 sources, including the quasars, were found within 6âÃ Â€ ³ of the quasar positions. This list is given in the Gaia archive. In 87% of cases, the quasar remains a single source, and in 501 385 cases neighbouring sources were detected. We propose a list of 381 lensed candidates, of which we identified 49 as the most promising ones. Beyond these candidates, the associate tables in this Focused Product Release allow the entire community to explore the unique Gaia data for strong lensing studies further., Full text license: CC BY 4.0;Funder: for funder information see Appendix C in https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202347273
Published: 2024
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