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In this article we describe a new species, Pluteus flammans, that is characterised by bright orange-red colours, a villose and translucently striate pileus, and a trichodermal pileipellis. The species is described based on material from Slovakia and Hungary, where it grows on well-decayed angiosperm wood (Quercus spp., Fagus sylvatica, and Tilia sp.). In the phylogenetic analyses (LSU, ITS and TEF1-α) P. flammans appears as sister to the North American Pluteus aurantipes, which also has brightly coloured basidiomes, however this species differs in the bright red stipe, darker colours of the pileus, slightly larger basidiospores, and shorter caulocystidia. Molecular data supports the recognition of both taxa as separate species, and confirms their placement in Pluteus sect. Celluloderma, despite the fact that P. aurantipes was originally considered to belong to Pluteus sect. Hispidoderma.

This paper presents important faunistic records conducted in the Czech and Slovak Republics during 2021. In the Šumava Mts, South Bohemia, a hydrobiid snail of the genus Alzoniella was found. Monacha cantiana s. lato was genetically confirmed for the first time in the city of Bratislava, Slovakia. New sites of Cornu aspersum (Prague) and Tandonia kusceri (southern and central Slovakia) were confirmed. A new colony of the slug Limacus maculatus was found in SE Moravia. New records of several endangered species, e.g. Vertigo angustior, V. moulinsiana, Anisus septemgyratus, Gyraulus acronicus, G. rossmaessleri, Planorbis carinatus, Pisidium amnicum, P. globulare, P. moitessierianum, P. pseudosphaerium and P. tenuilineatum, are also presented. Location data are published with all details in a supplementary table.

Pluteus flammans Polhorský, Ševčíková, Justo, Fedor & Dima sp. nov., Figs. 2, 3 MycoBank:—MB 847337 Etymology:— flammans (Latin) = flaming, burning. Refers to the bright reddish, yellow-orange colour of the basidiomata. Diagnosis:—A brightly coloured species with a trichodermal pileipellis in Pluteus sect. Celluloderma. Similar to P. aurantipes, but differing in the colours of the pileus and stipe, basidiospores (smaller), caulocystidia (shorter), geographic distribution, and ITS and TEF1-α sequences. Description:— Basidiomata scattered to subgregarious, growing individually or in small groups of up to 5 basidiomata. Pileus 8–26 mm diam, convex, campanulate, becoming plano-convex to applanate, with distinct umbo; translucently striate at the margin and up to half the pileus diam.; surface villose with abundant scales at the centre, becoming less frequent towards the edge; margin only finely pubescent; yellowish orange, orange-red to orangebrown, darker at the centre. Lamellae free, moderately crowded, broad, light yellow-orange; edge whitish, slightly pubescent. Lamellulae present. Stipe 10–20 × 2–3 mm, cylindrical, slightly broadened at the base or not, fibrillose, entirely pubescent when young, later mainly at lower half, remaining tomentose at base, yellow-orange, concolorous with pileus, paler towards top. Context yellowish. Odor indistinct, taste not observed. Basidiospores [245, 7, 7] (4.0–)5.2–6.3(–7.5) × (3.5–)4–4.7(–5.3) μm, Lav × Wav = 5.4–5.9 × 4.1–4.4 µm, Q = (1.08–)1.23–1.41(–1.56), avQ = 1.3–1.33, subglobose to ellipsoid, rarely subovoid, ± thick-walled; lipid content granular in living basidiospores, coalescing into larger guttule(s) in more mature or dead basidiospores. Basidia 17–29 × 6.0–10.0 μm, 4-spored, narrowly clavate to clavate, sometimes with median constriction. Basidioles 14–25 × 4.8– 10.5 μm, narrowly to broadly clavate. Pleurocystidia absent. Cheilocystidia (18.0–)26–43(–55) × (6.5–)9.5–14.5(–21) μm, abundant, forming sterile layer at lamella edge, narrowly to broadly clavate, narrowly lageniform to lageniform or subfusiform, rarely subutriform, with rounded apex, hyaline, rarely containing large yellow to yellowish brown vacuole(s), thin-walled. Pileipellis a trichoderm, composed of cylindrical or narrowly fusiform elements, with yellow to yellow-orange to brown intracellular pigment, 29–160 × 6.4–31 μm. Stipitipellis a cutis, made up of long cylindrical hyphae, 24–200 × (1.8–)5.0–20 μm, containing yellow, yellow-orange vacuole(s). Caulocystidia abundant, 19–115 × 5.9–14 μm, cylindrical to narrowly clavate or narrowly subfusiform, appearing in clusters or solitary, thin-walled, with or without yellow to orange intracellular pigment. Crystal druses sometimes present in pileipellis, stipitipellis and among cheilocystidia. Clamp connections absent in all tissues. Ecology and distribution:—Known from Slovakia and Hungary on fallen, strongly rotten Quercus spp., e.g., Q. cerris L. (1753: 997), trunks and logs in lowland and hilly xerothermophilous Pannonian oak groves; in beech or hornbeam forests on Fagus sylvatica L. (1753: 998) and Tilia sp. rotting trunks and branches near streams. Holotype:— SLOVAKIA. Bratislava,. Senec, Martinský les, very rotten Quercus sp. trunk, N48.25634° E17.38136°, elev. 155 m, 20 August 2020, A. Polhorský (holotype BRNM 829078, ITS sequence GenBank OQ331563; TEF1-α OQ332374, MycoBank MB 847337). Additional material examined:— SLOVAKIA. Bratislava, Senec, Martinský les, very rotten Quercus sp. trunk., N48.2467°, E17.3649°, elev. 172 m, 21 May 2022, A . Polhorský, BRA CR36322; N48.2468° E17.36715°, elev. 170 m, 11 June 2022, A . Polhorský, BRA CR36323; Prešov, Snina, Trstená, mossy, rotten Tilia sp. branch, elev. 280 m, 16 July 2013, J . Pavlík, BRA CR25862; ibid., 30 July 2013, J . Pavlík, BRA CR25868; Zemplínske hámre, Čierny potok, mossy, very rotten, possibly a Fagus sylvatica trunk, elev. 490 m, 5 August 2013, J . Pavlík, BRA CR25908; Košice, Brezina, Izra, very rotten Fagus sylvatica trunk, elev. 450 m, 7 August 2020, M. Lazor, BRA CR35417; Trnava, Hubina, Salaška, rotting remains of Quercus sp. trunk, elev. 220 m, 13 June 2016, M. Villaris, BRA CR35418; HUNGARY. Pest, Budakeszi, Szarvas-árok, on old, decaying Quercus sp. trunk, N47.3181°, E18.5346°, elev. 320 m, 19 June 2018, I . Fedor & B. Dima , DB- 2018-06-19 (ELTE); Borsod-Abaúj-Zemplén, Miskolc, Köpüs-völgy, on old, decaying Quercus cerris log, 16 August 2021, G . Pelles, DB- 2021-08-16 (ELTE)., Published as part of Polhorský, Adam, Justo, Alfredo, Szabóová, Dana, Konyariková, Zuzana, Dima, Bálint & Ševčíková, Hana, 2023, Pluteus flammans, a new brightly coloured species in Pluteus sect. Celluloderma (Pluteaceae) from Central Europe, pp. 69-79 in Phytotaxa 598 (1) on pages 72-76, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.598.1.5, http://zenodo.org/record/7958816

Coprinopsis alnivora (Bogart) Voto, Boll. AMER 107(2): 94 (2019) (Figs 2–5) Basionym: Coprinus alnivorus Van de Bogart, Mycotaxon 4 (1): 241 (1976). Pileus up to 55 mm high when unexpanded, 15–55 mm wide at maturity; subglobose, ellipsoid or ovoid when young, then paraboloid, campanulate or obtusely conical, finally expanded to plano-convex or applanate, sometimes slightly depressed at centre; margin sometimes radially splitting in places, mostly revolute in mature basidiomata; surface densely plicate-sulcate except in the smooth central zone, often slimy, whitish, cream or (pale) brownish at first, then starts to darken from the edge towards the centre, becoming light brown, grey-brown, often with pinkish to purplish hue, and finally brown-grey, grey or grey-black; (partially) deliquescent; when very young completely covered with a dense, usually abundant universal veil (thickest at the centre, up to 3 mm), with brownish to dark grey-brown (only rarely whitish) thin upper layer (remains scattered after veil development) and thicker white layer underneath, soon veil starting to break up into patches of different size and shape, sooner or later partially showing the pileal surface, rarely the veil poor, thin and soon disappearing. Lamellae free, very crowded and thin, L> 80, up to 14 mm broad, lamellulae present; at first white, soon becoming pinkish to purplish, brown or grey-brown with purplish tone, brown-grey, dark grey and finally black; edge whitish from prominent and very abundant cheilocystidia, deliquescent with age. Stipe 25–110 mm × 3–10 mm, (sub)cylindrical or widened towards the base (up to 20 mm), sometimes widened at the apex, dry, hollow, white to whitish, finely tomentose-squamulose (more pronounced towards the base) to silky fibrillose, sometimes with small dark olive-brown scales or fibrils in the lower part, often with adpressed ring-like veil remnants in the middle or in the lower half of the stipe or with ± projected membranaceous ring-like veil remnants near the base, without rhizomorphs. Flesh white, relatively compact when young, fragile at maturity. Smell weak, reminiscent of raw potatoes or slightly unpleasant like in Coprinopsis picacea. Taste mild. Spore print black. Basidiospores [540/9/6] (6.8–)7.5– 8.8 –10.0(–10.5) × (5.9–)6.2– 7.1 –8.1(–8.4) × (5.1–)5.5– 6.2 –6.9(–7.4) µm, averages of different basidiomata 8.0–9.5 × 6.4–7.5 × 5.8–6.6 µm, Q f = (1.04–)1.07– 1.24 –1.42(–1.50), Q s = (1.20–) 1.25– 1.42 –1.57(–1.67), Q f av. = 1.14–1.31, Q s av. = 1.32–1.49, slightly to strongly flattened, in frontal view mostly ellipsoid to ovoid, less frequently subglobose, subangular, submitriform or sublimoniform, sometimes to rather often ± irregular (asymmetrical), with obtuse to somewhat acute base and rounded to truncate apex (especially in KOH), in side view mostly ellipsoid, much less often ± amygdaliform or ovoid, smooth, thick-walled (up to 1.4 µm), (redbrown) dark red-brown to almost black in H 2 O and NH 4 OH, (yellow-brown) dark yellowish-brown to black in KOH, germ pore central, distinct. Basidia 17–33 × 7–11 μm, clavate, 4-spored, thin-walled, hyaline, surrounded by 4–7 hymenophysalides (pseudoparaphyses); sterigmata up to 5 μm long. Cheilocystidia 25–130 × 12–38 μm, ellipsoid, elongate-ellipsoid, ovoid, fusiform, conical, with obtuse to acute apex, thin-walled, hyaline to subhyaline, abundant. Pleurocystidia 41–173 × 15–55 μm, ellipsoid, oblong, fusiform, conical, with obtuse, acute, acuminate, mucronate or somewhat irregular apex (e.g. curved or with two apical protuberances), often with one or a few short excrescences near the base, thin-walled, hyaline to pale brownish, mostly abundant. Pileipellis a cutis, composed of repent, densely arranged, thin-walled, smooth, hyaline hyphae, 3–13 µm wide. Veil hyphae 2–15(–22) μm wide, occasionally to rather frequently branched, sparsely diverticulate, thin-walled (up to 0.5 µm) or rarely moderately thick-walled (up to 0.8 µm), sometimes finely encrusted, mostly hyaline, sometimes brownish; cells occasionally constricted at the septa or somewhat inflated. Clamp-connections present, conspicuous, abundant. Distribution and ecology:— Coprinopsis alnivora is known from 12 collections in four countries of North America and Europe: the USA, Washington State (1); Croatia (1); Slovakia (7); and Austria (3). It grows on the wood of living deciduous trees, mostly in decayed cavities or from wounds, or (less often) on dead trees, in forests and parks. Six host tree species are known so far: (a) Fagus sylvatica (on three living trees, on one dead tree— Slovakia), (b) Fraxinus excelsior (on one living tree— Slovakia), (c) Acer campestre (on one living tree— Slovakia), (d) Populus nigra (on two living trees— Croatia), (e) Alnus sp. (on a dead (?) tree— USA), (f) Magnolia salicifolia (on one living tree— Austria). It was also found in Austria on one living and one dead unidentified tree. In Slovakia, it has been observed that C. alnivora is able to fruit regularly from the same living tree over a long period of time (nine years and more). Specimens examined: — SLOVAKIA. Bratislava region: Pezinok, Malá Homoľa, 550 m a.s.l., 48.36293° N, 17.27086° E, on living Fagus sylvatica, 11 May 2013, leg. J. Kuriplach, Ľ. Pešková, BRA CR33777, GenBank Number: MT 887854; Limbach, Konské hlavy, 490 m a.s.l., 48.331944° N, 17.193250° E, in the cavity of living Fraxinus excelsior, 30 October 2018, leg. R. Bednár, BRA CR33775, GenBank Number: MT 887857; Limbach, Konské hlavy, 490 m a.s.l., 48.331944° N, 17.193250° E, in the cavity of living Fraxinus excelsior, 23 October 2019, leg. R. Bednár, BRA CR33776, GenBank Number: MT 887856; Kuchyňa, Vysoký Rajd, 400 m a.s.l., 48.401556° N, 17.209667° E, in the cavity of living Fagus sylvatica, 14 June 2020, leg. R. Bednár, BRA CR33778, GenBank Number: MT 887852; Kuchyňa, Tri stodôlky, 520 m a.s.l., 48.422033° N, 17.208150° E, on fallen decayed log of Fagus sylvatica, 27 June 2020, leg. J. Červenka, T. Sobocký, BRA CR33779, GenBank Number: MT 887853; Borinka, Úboč, 270 m a.s.l., 48.259001° N, 17.100003° E, on living Acer campestre, 7 October 2020, leg. A. Bystrická, BRA CR33781, GenBank Number: MZ 364343; Trnava region: Lošonec, Zabité, 370 m a.s.l., 48.480933° N, 17.358967° E, on living Fagus sylvatica, 2 November 2019, leg. D. Solár, BRA CR33780, GenBank Number: MT 887855. — AUSTRIA. Vienna: Vienna city, district Landstrasse, Botanical Garden of the University of Vienna, 180 m a.s.l., 48.19350° N, 16.38392° E, in small decayed cavity of the living deciduous tree, 31 October 2018, leg. I. Krisai-Greilhuber, WU 41009, GenBank Number: MT 828909; Vienna: Vienna city, district Leopoldstadt, Prater Heustadlwasser, 170 m a.s.l., 48.20064° N, 16.26667° E, in knothole of fallen deciduous tree, 25 September 2019, leg. R. Brandstätter, WU 42007, GenBank Number: MT 828910; Vienna: Vienna city, district Landstrasse, Botanical Garden of the University of Vienna, 190 m a.s.l., 48.19000° N, 16.38306° E, in decayed cavity of living Magnolia salicifolia, 24 September 2020, leg. I. Krisai-Greilhuber, WU 43426, GenBank Number: MZ 407758. — CROATIA. Zagreb County: city of Zagreb, Mirogoj cemetery, 183 m a.s.l., 45.83272° N, 15.99375° E, public park, on two planted Populus nigra trees (cut down in the meantime), in decayed tree cavities, up to 1.4 m above the ground, 12 basidiomata in total, mostly a few together, in different stages of maturity, 4 October 2008, leg. M. Čerkez, CNF 1 / 5429, GenBank Number: MT 796099., Published as part of Bednár, Radovan, Červenka, Ján, Arendt, Darina, Szabóová, Dana, Greilhuber, Irmgard Krisai-, Pošta, Ana, Mešić, Armin & Tkalčec, Zdenko, 2022, Coprinopsis alnivora (Psathyrellaceae), a rare species from North America is discovered in Europe, pp. 136-152 in Phytotaxa 542 (2) on pages 142-147, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.542.2.2, http://zenodo.org/record/6415574

A rare species, Coprinopsis alnivora, was previously known from the type collection in Washington State, USA. Afterward, 11 additional samples were collected from five new host trees at nine localities in Europe (Austria, Croatia, and Slovakia). The species indicated a preference for growth in cavities or wounds of living deciduous trees. Its mycelium and basidiomata were successfully cultivated under laboratory conditions. A detailed morphological description of the basidiomata supplemented with colour photographs and line drawings is provided. Delimitation characters from similar species are discussed. Molecular phylogenetic relationships within the genus Coprinopsis were inferred from ITS rDNA sequences and are presented by a phylogram. Molecular genetic analyses revealed that C. alnivora represents a genetically well-delimited species with six known haplotypes.