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Falling birth rates had already been recorded as early as the late-eighteenth century in south-western Hungary in the Ormánság. Population loss from low birth rate remained one of the main topics writers and sociologists focused on in the twentieth century. The issue of Hungarian population decline was highlighted among the social ills in the interwar period, which was one of several subjects that divided intellectuals into “populists" and “urbanites." Following the impact of the low birth rate figures in the 1960s, the populists' views of the 1930s resurfaced in public discourse in the 1960s and 1970s and up to the present day. The concern about the increasing trend of single-child families in rural settlements as well as in urban areas appeared in the various works of Hungarian writers and journalists throughout the previous century. The present paper intends to focus on the intellectual background to the public debates on the population issue, outlining the accounts of the interwar “village explorers" briefly, and the way they are related to the pre-Second World War populist movement. Finally the reappearance of the debates between populists and non-populists of the 1970s is discussed, a debate that is still continuing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives. The role was studied of multiple single nucleotide polymorphisms in tooth agenesis in the Hungarian population using a complex approach. Methods. Eight SNPs, PAX9 -912 C/T, PAX9 -1031 A/G, MSX1 3755 A/G, FGFR1 T/C rs881301, IRF6 T/C rs764093, AXIN2-8150 A/G, AXIN2-8434 A/G and AXIN2-30224 C/T, were studied in 192 hypodontia and 17 oligodontia cases and in 260 healthy volunteers. Case-control analysis was performed to test both allelic and genotypic associations as well as associations at the level of haplotypes. Multivariate exploratory Bayesian network-based multi-level analysis of relevance (BN-BMLA) as well as logistic regression analysis were performed. Results. Conventional statistics showed that PAX9 SNP -912 C/T and the MSX1 SNP changed the incidence of hypodontia, although after Bonferroni correction for multiple hypothesis testing, the effects were only borderline tendencies. Using a statistical analysis better suited for handling multiple hypotheses, the BN-BMLA, PAX9 SNPs clearly showed a synergistic effect. This was confirmed by other multivariate analyses and it remained significant after corrections for multiple hypothesis testing ( p < 0.0025). The PAX9-1031-A- PAX9-912-T haplotype was the most relevant combination causing hypodontia. Interaction was weaker between PAX9 and MSX1, while other SNPs had no joint effect on hypodontia. Conclusion. This complex analysis shows the important role of PAX9 and MSX1 SNPs and of their interactions in tooth agenesis, while IRF6, FGFR1 and AXIN2 SNPs had no detectable role in the Hungarian population. These results also reveal that risk factors in hypodontia need to be identified in various populations, since there is considerable variability among them. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In contrast to its immediate neighbors, for over a century Hungary has had a seriously declining birth rate. This paper aims to provide an overview of this anomaly through a historical perspective by considering the major findings of a series of demographic studies that identify the key factors behind falling levels of fertility. It does so by focusing on four major periods. The first period covers the era prior to the demographic transition that commenced before 1880, when the demography was characterized by high birth rates and high death rates. The second period is one of demographic transition, between 1880 and 1960 coinciding with modernization, and is the period when death rates fell, while at the same time being accompanied by a decrease in birth rates. The third period is the post-transitional era of 1960-1980. The fourth covers the post-socialist change of 1990-2010. Hungary was the first country in Europe after the Second World War in which the level of fertility declined below a level of simple replacement of the population, which is less than 2.1 births per woman. Since 1981 the population has been declining by about 0.15 - 0.20 percent per year, and currently fertility in Hungary is one of the lowest in Europe. The Hungarian age structure will become increasingly problematic as the fertile age group of the population continues to shrink. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives. To describe the prevalence of impaired oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) in the adult Hungarian population and to determine population-based norms for three Hungarian versions of the Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP-H). Material and methods. In a survey of 1059 randomly selected subjects, OHIP responses, age, gender, and denture status [natural dentition or fixed partial dentures (FPDs), removable partial dentures (RPDs), or complete dentures (CDs)] were collected. Study outcomes were item prevalence and OHIP summary score frequency (''norms''). Results. The prevalence of OHIP items ranged from 2% to 43%, with a mean item prevalence of 14%. The distribution of summary scores was characterized by decile norms. Median scores for OHIP-H49, the 49-item questionnaire, were 6 OHIP units for subjects with FPDs, 10 OHIP units for subjects with RPDs, and 6 OHIP units for subjects with CDs. The median scores were 0, 0, and 1 OHIP units for the 14-item OHIP-H, and 0, 0, and 0 OHIP units for the five-item OHIP-H. Conclusions. Our sample demonstrates substantial OHRQoL impact in the Hungarian general population. The derived norms provide a framework for interpretation of data in future studies using the Hungarian OHIP versions, as well as data on how oral conditions and cultural factors affect perceived oral health when compared with international findings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) is increasingly of interest in dentistry. The current internationally accepted instruments used to measure OHRQoL need to be cross-culturally adapted for use in other cultural environments. It was the aim of the present study to develop a Hungarian version of the Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP-H) following accepted guidelines. The original English-language version was translated into Hungarian, back-translated into English, and tested for its psychometric properties. Construct validity was tested on 144 prosthodontic patients and 200 randomly selected subjects. A priori hypothesized associations between OHIP summary scores and self-reported oral health and six self-reported oral conditions were investigated. The pattern of the observed associations supported the new instrument's construct validity. Responsiveness tested in 28 oral surgery patients was indicated by a statistically significant mean OHIP score change from 39.2 to 23.0. Test–retest reliability was demonstrated by intraclass correlation coefficients of 0.81–0.90 for OHIP summary scores and subscales in 31 prosthodontic patients. Cronbach's alpha values between 0.71 and 0.96 proved to have high internal consistency. Adequate psychometric properties in typical patient populations make the new instrument suitable for assessment of OHRQoL in Hungary. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: Oroantral communication (OAC) is a relatively common and mild complication of maxillary tooth extractions. Preoperative prediction of OAC can reduce treatment duration and prepare both operators and patients for the procedure. This study aims to identify alarming radiographic and clinical indicators that can predict OAC therefore assisting clinical decision making to practicing general dentists., Methods: In this retrospective case-control study the OAC group consisting of 97 cases and a control group twice the size was established. Clinical data were collected, and measurements were conducted separately by two blinded observers on digital panoramic radiographs. Inter-rater reliability was assessed. In case of disagreement a third observer's results were utilized. The correlation between OAC and demographic data (age, sex), as well as various factors assessed on panoramic radiographs (including, but not limited to, the length of the root, root projection into the sinus, bone width, presence of mesial and distal adjacent teeth), was statistically evaluated., Results: Inter-rater reliability was found to be excellent. Several factors were identified as potential predictors of OAC. According to our model, the strongest predictors were the distance between the cemento-enamel junction and marginal bone, extent of root projection into the sinus, presence of sinus recess around the roots, angulation, and absence of the mesial adjacent tooth., Conclusions: Well-defined measurements on panoramic radiographs may aid in predicting OAC. Further prospective investigations are necessary to confirm these indicators and address factors related to clinical examination and operation., Clinical Relevance: We present several clinical and radiographic warning signs of OAC that can facilitate pre-extraction decision-making., (© 2024. The Author(s).)

Összefoglaló. Bevezetés és célkitűzés: A 3 év alatti korcsoportban a súlyos kisgyermekkori fogszuvasodás (S-ECC) gyakoriságának vizsgálata és a kisgyermekes szülők szájegészséggel kapcsolatos ismereteinek felmérése. Módszer: Háromszázhatvankét, 36 hónapos vagy annál fiatalabb gyermek (átlagéletkor: 28,49 ± 5,25 hónap) fogászati szűrővizsgálatát végeztük el, és szüleik számára önkéntesen kitölthető kérdőívet állítottunk össze. A 306 kitöltött kérdőív eredményét a gyermekek fogászati statusával egyénenként összevetve statisztikai analízist végeztünk. Eredmények: A gyermekek fogászati szűrésekor 15,46% volt a cariesprevalencia: df-t-index = 0,685 ± 2,20; az általunk javasolt, az előtört fogak számával módosított df-t-index = 0,758 ± 2,42, SiC-index = 2,06 ± 3,33. A vizsgált populációban nem találtunk tömött vagy fogszuvasodás miatt eltávolított fogat. A korábban szájhigiénés tájékoztatásban részesült/nem részesült szülők gyermekeinél nem volt szignifikáns különbség a szuvas fogak számának (p = 0,196), a fogyasztott folyadék cukortartalmának (81,5%/71,5%) és a bevitel módjának (p = 0,453) tekintetében. A gyermeküket 6 hónapos korukig kizárólagosan anyatejjel tápláló édesanyák nagyobb eséllyel választották a vízzel történő itatást (75%/52%) pohárból (68,1%/28,8%) a későbbiekben. Az édesanya legmagasabb iskolai végzettsége kulcsszerepet játszik mind az anyatejes táplálás melletti elhivatottságban (felsőfok: 53,4%, középfok: 34,2%, alapfok: 37,5%), mind a cariesfrekvencia csökkentésében (p = 0,015). Következtetés: A szülői szájhigiénés prevenciós tájékoztatás jelenleg nem hatékony. Eredményeink alapján a fogászati szűrést 1 éves kor előtt meg kell kezdeni, amely a hatékony, rendszeres fogászati prevenciós tanácsadás lehetőségét is megteremtené. Szükségesnek látjuk a védőnők és a gyermekháziorvosok folyamatos továbbképzésében a kisgyermekkori fogszuvasodás alapismereteinek integrációját. Orv Hetil. 2021; 162(22): 861-869., Introduction and Objective: To investigate the frequency of severe early childhood caries (S-ECC) under 3 years of age and to assess the oral health related knowledge of parents/guardians with preschool children., Method: 362 children younger than 36 months (mean age: 28.49 ± 5.25 months) were screened and a voluntary questionnaire for their parents was compiled. Statistical analysis was carried out comparing the results of the 306 completed questionnaires with the dental status of the screened children., Results: Caries prevalence in the examined population was 15.46%, df-t index = 0.685 ± 2.20, our suggested modified df-t index based on the number of erupted teeth = 0.758 ± 2.42, SiC-index = 2.06 ± 3.33. No filled or extracted tooth due to caries was found in the study group. There was no significant difference in the number of carious teeth (p = 0.196), consumption of sugar-containing drinks (81.5%/71.5%) and administration of drinks (p = 0.453) in the case of children whose parents had previously received/not received oral hygiene information. Mothers who exclusively breastfed until the age of 6 months were more likely to choose to offer water (75%/52%) from cup (68.1%/28.8%) later. The mother's highest level of education plays a key role in both the commitment to breastfeeding (tertiary: 53.4%, secondary: 34.2%, primary: 37.5%) and in reducing the incidence of caries (p = 0.015)., Conclusion: Parental oral hygiene preventive instruction is currently ineffective. Based on our results, dental screening should be started before the age of 1 year, that would also provide an opportunity of effective, regular dental prevention counseling. There is a need for the integration of the basics of early childhood caries in the continuous professional training of district nurses and pediatricians. Orv Hetil. 2021; 162(22): 861-869.

The evaluation of hand dexterity is an important marker for the success of DBS (deep brain stimulation) operation in patients with Parkinson's disease. In this study we applied a simple, semiquantitative optical dental plaque staining technique for the evaluation of the hand dexterity. Ten patient with Parkinson's disease were involved in the study. After dental students aided tooth brushing, bacterial dental deposits (plaque) were stained then photographed, and quantified under standard conditions before and after DBS surgery. Our results showed a significant decrease in dental plaque deposits after DBS operation. This simple technique seems to be a routinely applicable marker for the evaluation of the hand dexterity. Our future plans is repeating the previous experiement on a higher number of cases.