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242 results on '"Száková, J."'

1. Excretion of dietary zinc in mammals (rats) fed overdoses of zinc lactate and infected with tapeworms

Author

Sloup V., Jankovská I., Száková J., Karešová V., Lanková S., Sloup S., and Langrová I.

Subjects
zinc, excretion, fecal, tapeworm, rat, supplement, Microbiology, QR1-502
Abstract

Tapeworms parasitize at sites that are important for the management of micronutrients, including zinc. Therefore, it has been hypothesized that tapeworms will significantly affect the excretion of zinc in the feces of a host. The aim of this work was to evaluate the effects that tapeworms have on the excretion of zinc in the feces of the host. Rats were divided into 4 groups: groups 0T and MT (infected with Hymenolepis diminuta (Rudolphi, 1819)) and groups 00 and M0 (uninfected). The experimental groups (M0 and MT) were fed a standard rodent compound feed (ST-1) with added zinc lactate; the daily zinc intake was 20.5 mg. The control groups (00 and 0T) were fed only ST-1 with 1.75 mg of added Zn per day. For six weeks, the amount of consumed feed was recorded and fecal samples were taken. The samples were then analyzed by optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES), and levels of excreted zinc were subsequently calculated as a percentage. The most signifi cant difference in zinc excretion levels between the experimental groups was observed in the third week, when rats infected with tapeworms (MT) excreted substantially lower levels of zinc than did uninfected rats (M0). This difference amounted to 28.36 % (p

Published
2021
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14. Effect of dry olive residue–based biochar and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi inoculation on the nutrient status and trace element contents in wheat grown in the As-, Cd-, Pb-, and Zn-contaminated soils

Author

European Commission, Vejvodová, K., Száková, J., García-Sánchez, M., Praus, L., García-Romera, Inmaculada, Tlustoš, P., European Commission, Vejvodová, K., Száková, J., García-Sánchez, M., Praus, L., García-Romera, Inmaculada, and Tlustoš, P.

Abstract

The Mediterranean countries are the largest producers of olives with Spain taking the lead in olive oil production. A two-phase extraction system is used to produce oil and dry olive residue (DOR), a waste product. DOR biochar was tested as an amendment for contaminated soils to reduce the trace element (TE) contents in crops. A DOR sample was transformed into biochar at 350 °C and 500 °C, and a pot experiment was conducted, where spring wheat was grown. Moreover, the mutual effect of biochar application and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) inoculation was assessed. The results showed the decreasing extractable proportions of Cd in the treated soils, whereas an ambiguous effect of DOR biochar on the mobility of As, Pb, and Zn in soil was observed. The changes in TE in the treated soils were related to enhanced soil pH due to the biochar application. Stepwise increases in extractable soil potassium (K) proportions were determined because of the high content of K in DOR. The element contents in wheat plants were affected by an interaction of the soil element contents and pH, and biochar pyrolysis temperature. The AMF inoculation did not affect the biochar-induced changes in element fate in the soils. The results proved the ability of DOR-based biochar to serve as the source of nutrients, especially K. However, further research is necessary to test a wider range the application rates of biochar, as well as the long-term fate of biochar in the treated soils.

Published
2020

19. Implications of mycoremediated dry olive residue application and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi inoculation on the microbial community composition and functionality in a metal-polluted soil

Author

European Commission, García-Sánchez, M., Cajthaml, T., Filipová, A., Tlustoš, P., Száková, J., García-Romera, Inmaculada, European Commission, García-Sánchez, M., Cajthaml, T., Filipová, A., Tlustoš, P., Száková, J., and García-Romera, Inmaculada

Abstract

Metal-polluted soils represent hostile environments affecting the composition and functions of soil microbial communities. This study evaluated the implication of combining the mycoremediated dry olive residue (MDOR) amendment application with the inoculation of the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) Funneliformis mosseae in restoring the quality, composition, and functionality of soil microbial communities. To achieve this aim, a mesocosms experiment was set up that included three variations: i) with and without application of Penicillium chrysogenum-10-transformed MDOR (MDOR_Pc), and Chondrosterum purpureum-transformed MDOR (MDOR_Cp) amendments; ii) with and without F. mosseae inoculation; and iii) 30-day and 60-day soil treatment time. As a result of this combined treatment, changes in the soil labile organic C and N fractions were observed throughout the experiment. Increases in the abundance of phospholipid fatty acids (PLFAs) for bacteria, actinobacteria, and Gram− and Gram+ bacteria were also recorded at the end of the experiment. The addition of MDOR amendments boosted fungal and AM fungi communities. AM fungi root and soil colonization was also enhanced as the result of improvement nutrient turnover and spatial conditions caused by adding MDOR in combination with an inoculation of F. mosseae. The composition and functionality of microbial communities seemed to be an important ecological attribute indicating an apparently fully functional restoration of this metal-polluted soil and therefore suggesting the suitability of the combined MDOR and AM fungus treatment as a reclamation practice.

Published
2019

31. The identification of risk and essential elements along the strobila of the rat tapeworm Hymenolepis diminuta.

Author

Horáková, B., Čadková, Z., Száková, J., and Jankovská, I.

Subjects
HYMENOLEPIS diminuta, INTESTINAL parasites, WATER lettuce, PARASITE behavior, LABORATORY rats, PREVENTION
Abstract

The rat tapeworm Hymenolepis diminuta can bioconcentrate several elements to conspicuously higher concentrations than tissues of their definitive host. The main aim of this study was to locate parts of the tapeworm into which lead, cadmium, zinc, copper, manganese and iron are accumulated. Male Wistar rats were experimentally infected with H. diminuta and worms were exposed to two different forms of lead for 6 weeks through the oral exposure of their rat hosts. After the exposure period, the element levels were determined in the posterior and anterior proglottids of the tapeworm. In all cases, lead concentrations were higher in the anterior parts than the posterior parts. Concentrations of cadmium, copper, iron, manganese and zinc were also significantly higher in the anterior parts. Zinc concentrations showed an opposite trend, with higher zinc levels detected in the posterior part of the strobila, in the control group. The present study demonstrates that risk and essential elements are accumulated mainly into the anterior part of H. diminuta. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Published
2017
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