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Virtual coupling (VC) is an emerging concept that is gaining popularity in railway control systems. It has the potential to significantly enhance railway capacity and flexibility, and has attracted considerable research attention. This study explores several key aspects of VC research in the context of urban rail transit systems, including system structure, train platoon control method, scenario definition, and train scheduling. The paper presents three main contributions: Firstly, it proposes a potential system structure for VC and discusses infrastructure occupancy procedures within typical operational scenarios. Secondly, a VC platoon controller based on the adaptive back-stepping method is designed to realize the function of the operation layer. Thirdly, combining operational scenario definition and control methods, we propose a VC train scheduling method based on mixed integer linear programming (MILP). A case study demonstrated that the proposed solution could effectively achieve the primary functions of VC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Comprehensive analysis of the Economy-Energy-Carbon Emission (EECE) system is beneficial for promoting sustainable social development. This study analyzes the system development of major watersheds in China from 2010 to 2019. The research fully considers the system's internal and external inputs and outputs and proposes an evaluation index system for regional EECE coupling and coordinated development. Then, using the difference in system weight allocation to improve the coupling and coordination model, the study explores the dynamic system's coupling and coordination. The results show that (1) The development of the system structure is relatively stable, but the overall development status is not ideal; (2) The downstream of China's main river basins has obvious economic advantages, while the energy system fluctuates greatly. The efficiency of the carbon emission system will decrease in areas with rapid economic development. The coupling and coordination level of the EECE system is better in the Yangtze River Basin than in the Yellow River Basin; (3) From the perspective of dynamic coordinated development, the main river basins have been divided into two states since 2012, but it is relatively stable overall. Regional dynamic coordination is often at a disadvantage in regions with rapid economic and energy development; (4) The coupling coordination degree of the two river basins has significant positive spatial autocorrelation. Most provinces' significant spatial clustering characteristics of the coupling coordination degree are High-High type. Low-Low type provinces are mainly concentrated downstream. The research process has certain reference significance for the collaborative governance of complex regional systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study assessed the service efficacy of Nanjing’s urban open space (UOS) system, emphasizing the complex structural characteristics of UOS services, specifically, the impact of interactions between different subsystems on the overall service efficacy of the UOS system. The objective was to understand whether and how a UOS system can effectively and efficiently meet urban needs under constrained conditions. The dimensions of UOS services and the interrelationships between services offered by different subsystems were examined, and a structural model for assessing the service efficacy of the UOS system was developed. A multidimensional analytical approach was applied to quantify and characterize the relationships between subsystems and identify and determine the weighting of subsystem analysis indicators. The findings indicate that subsystems and their respective indicators differ in importance across dimensions, influence each other, and collectively form the overall service efficacy of a UOS system. Furthermore, while service efficacy across different administrative districts in Nanjing’s main urban areas generally remains moderate, significant differences in evaluation values exist among districts and subsystems, offering direction for future urban planning and resource allocation. This study offers detailed insights into the efficiency and optimization of UOS services, helping urban planners improve UOSs globally.

In the face of an increasingly high-demand environment for outpatients, achieving a balance between allocation of limited medical resources and patient satisfaction has considerable social and economic benefits. Therefore, appointment scheduling (AS) system operation is used in clinics and hospitals, and its operation optimization research is of great significance. This study reviews the research progress on appointment scheduling system optimization. Firstly, we classify and conclude the existing appointment scheduling system structures and decision-making frameworks. Subsequently, we summarize the system reliability optimization framework from three aspects: appointment scheduling system optimization objectives, decision variables and constraints. Following that, we methodically review the most applied system optimization algorithms in different appointment scheduling systems. Lastly, a literature bibliometric analysis is provided. During our review of the literature, we observe that (1) optimization methods in ASs predominantly involve the application of genetic algorithms and simulation optimization algorithms; (2) neural networks and deep learning methods are core technologies in health management optimization; (3) a bibliometric analysis reveals a heightened interest in the optimization technology of ASs within China compared to other nations; and (4) further advancements are essential in the comprehensive optimization of the system, exploration of practical usage scenarios, and the application of advanced simulation and modeling techniques in this research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The current world is in an era of the explosive growth in information and rapid renewal. This objective reality puts new demands on education reform. Educational systems and educational models must undergo major changes to meet the needs of creative talent. With the wide application of modern computer technology and network technology, the traditional education structure based on classrooms is constantly changing. In the traditional education process, it emphasizes directly instilling a large amount of knowledge to the students to obtain the quality of teaching. In the network environment, it focuses on cultivating students. Learning methods allow students to have independent knowledge acquisition and also update skills. Online teaching provides a broader and free platform and environment for students' learning. It not only provides rich and colorful teaching resources, but also broadens and breaks the time and space constraints of traditional teaching. The current main method of management of teaching resources is the component teaching resource library, which uses information technology to carry out unified maintenance and management of the teaching resources with increased benefits, and realizes rapid retrieval and convenient use of teaching resources. The numerical verifications are conducted in the final section of the research to verify the performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper firstly combines English teaching in colleges and universities and big data technology and proposes the information technology of English teaching in colleges and universities based on the fusion of multi-source and multi-objective statistical information and conducts research on the traditional teaching optimization algorithm and multi-task teaching optimization algorithm to promote English teaching in colleges and universities. Secondly, in the “teaching” phase, teachers and teaching assistants teach according to the difference between their average level and the class average to increase the value of each student’s factor and increase individual exploration and group diversity in the “learning” phase. Then, the English teaching platform was designed and studied regarding system structure and platform function, simulated and analyzed. The results show that the efficiency of the multitasking optimization algorithm is increased by 21.85% compared with the traditional teaching optimization algorithm for the number of concurrent users from 10 to 100 and 16.46% when the number of concurrent users is 100, which has a positive effect on students’ English learning efficiency.

Identifying the spatiotemporal characteristics and obstacle factors of the agricultural drought disaster risk is essential to reduce grain losses and ensure food security. However, due to the high uncertainty in drought disaster risk system, there are few effective risk evaluation and diagnosis methods. In this study, the uncertain information contained in sample data was mined and utilized, and a calculation method of the dynamic difference degree coefficients for the five-element connection number was proposed. Then, a quantitative risk evaluation and diagnosis model was established. Furthermore, the spatiotemporal characteristics and key obstacle factors of the agricultural drought disaster risk across Anhui Province, China from 2008 to 2017 were identified. The results indicated that the risk grades of the connection number values of North Anhui, Central Anhui, and South Anhui in 2008 were 0.359 (high risk), 0.072 (medium risk), and 0.097 (medium risk), respectively, and those in 2017 were 0.103 (medium risk), 0.196 (medium risk), and 0.368 (low risk), respectively. Thus, there were salient spatiotemporal characteristics in which the risk decreased from north to south and tended to decrease over time. In addition, the long-term high risk in North Anhui was due to the severe drought hazard, low forest cover, high exposure to drought, and low drought resistance capacity. The worse risk status in Central Anhui was caused by the small precipitation and water resources amount, low relative humidity, and large agricultural population. The factors inhibiting risk reduction in South Anhui were the large paddy field areas, low reservoir regulation and storage, and fewer water-saving irrigation areas. In summary, this method is effective and exhibits high sensitivity to risk change, and it can be applied to other grain production areas. The results can provide a scientific basis for formulating the targeted measures of agricultural drought disaster risk control in Anhui Province.

An algorithm is developed for calculating the reliability of a high-voltage two-channel capacitive aircraft ignition system in normal conditions and when some components are damaged. The goal is to ensure viability of the ignition system in abnormal operating conditions. In calculating the reliability, the laws of discharge processes in semiconductor ignitions are taken into account. Formulas for the probability of fault-free ignition are derived. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

(1) Background--The following problems generally exist in the researches of forestry economy at present : advocating tool-oriented research methods and complexity of research processes and ignoring problem-oriented research methods and purpose-first research processes; Seeking the black-box analysis of "literatures + software" and avoiding the actual system structures and mechanism analysis ; Coping with the complexity of the changing research objects and its environments with rigid procedures. These practices make academic researches divorced from practical needs and far from the solution of scientific problems, and meanwhile they also imprison the formation of academic ideas and the production of innovation achievements. (2) Methods--It is a good solution to study forestry economy by using the thoughts and methods of system engineering. First, set up the system view of forestry economy, deeply understand the specific attributes and movement laws of forestry economy system. Then, analyze the problems of forestry economy by using the general theory of system science and the general methods of system analysis, study the specific system attributes of forestry economy system such as its purpose, structure and function, and establish the whole model of the system view of forestry economy. (3) Results--In the aspect of system structure, the aggregation, relevance and hierarchy of forestry economic system are studied. It studies the transitive hierarchy by taking the ecological footprint systems of national parks as an example, studies the resolving hierarchy by taking the forestry industry systems as an example, and studies the mixed hierarchy by taking the production systems of forestry enterprises as an example. In the aspect of system function, it studies the integrality marked by the combination effect of forestry ecological economy, the dynamics featured by the significant hysteresis effect of "ten years to grow trees", and the self-organization as the internal driving force of sustainable development. Meanwhile, it also studies the openness as a bridge between forest ecosystems and socio-economic systems, the environmental adaptability towards forest ecosystems and the environmental adaptability towards socio-economic systems. In the aspect of system purpose, by using the whole model and feedback mechanism of forestry economic system, it studies the resolving methods of the system purpose based on the system function effect feedback and establishes the resolving system of "function→purpose" which takes the green development of forestry economy as the overall purpose. (4) Proposals--Forestry economic system has three kinds of attributes : purpose, structure and function. Among them, the system structure includes three aspects : aggregation, relevance and hierarchy. According to its proximity to the external environment, the system function can be divided into inner function and outer function. The inner function includes integrality, dynamics and self-organization of the system, while the outer function includes openness and environmental adaptability. The research shows that the system purpose of forestry economic system determines the structure and function of the system, and the system function embodies the order and ability of the interaction between the system and the environment, and the effects of this interaction in turn improve the purpose, structure, and function of the system through its organization and self-organization processes. It can be seen that each attribute of forestry economic system interacts with each other and forms a feedback system. It not only explains the general principles of the forestry economic system, but also provides useful enlightenment for the study of the system structures and operation mechanisms of various specific forestry economic problems, which is helpful to solve various complicated problems in the development of China's forestry economy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The increasing complexity of megaprojects has brought severe challenges to traditional theories and methods of project management. Traditional evaluation models fail to support managers in properly allocating scarce resources based on project complexity levels because of their inability to capture the relationships between indicators. Therefore, this study aims to develop a complexity evaluation model of megaprojects that integrates a two-dimensional indicator framework and the DEMATEL-ANP method, and test the feasibility and applicability of this model using the Shapingba Railway Hub Project (SRHP). The results indicate that resources, technology and products are controlled and managed by environment, organization, institution and goal subsystems of SRHP, the overall complexity level of SRHP is high, and environmental complexity affects the complexity of SRHP most significantly. Furthermore, the model proves feasible and applicable and can be applied to evaluate the complexity of other megaprojects with minor adjustments following systems thinking and practical conditions.

It is an attempt to analyze the breathing (respiration) of an already ill by the Corona Virus (CV) disease person in simple physical and equational terms, and to suggest (in these terms) a forcing of the CV Molecules (CVM) to destroy each other. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to solve the problems that “there is a system but not fine, there is a structure but absence, there is a system but absence, there is responsibility but not clear” in coal mine safety production technology management, the principles and components of technology management system construction was proposed, the research establishes the “135” coal mine safety production technology management system architecture with the chief engineer as the core, the group, the subsidiary(sub-company) and the coal mine as the focus, supported by the chief engineer of each level, the deputy chief engineer of each specialty and the technical department, business contact department and administrative cooperation department directly managed by the chief engineer. The division of responsibilities of production safety technology management has been clarified, and safeguard measures have been proposed from the aspects of organizational leadership, human resources construction, financial guarantee, professional training and standard system construction. The construction of coal mine safety production technology management system can provide technical support for promoting high quality development of coal enterprises.

With the impacts of climate change and human activities, agricultural drought disaster losses have increased remarkably. Drought disaster risk assessment is a prerequisite for formulating disaster reduction strategies and ensuring food security. However, drought disaster risk is a complex system, and quantitative assessment methods reflecting the risk formation mechanism are still rarely reported. This study presented a chain transmission system structure of drought disaster risk, which meant that drought disaster loss risk R was derived from drought hazard H by the transformation of drought disaster vulnerability V. Based on this point, firstly, a drought hazard curve between drought intensity and drought frequency was established using remote sensing data and the copula function. Then, a crop loss calculation approach under various drought events and drought resistance capacity scenarios was achieved by two-season field experiments and the AquaCrop model. Finally, a loss risk curve cluster of "drought frequency–drought resistance capacity–yield loss rate" was proposed by the composition of the above two quantitative relationships. The results of the case study for summer maize in Bengbu City indicated that the average yield loss rate under 19 droughts occurring during the growth period of maize from 1982 to 2017 was 24.51%. High risk happened in 1988, 1992, 1994, 2001, and 2004, with the largest loss rate in 2001, up to 65.58%. Overall, droughts with a return period less than two years occurred frequently during the growth period of summer maize in Bengbu, though the loss risk was still controllable. In conclusion, the results suggest that the loss risk curve provides a new effective method of drought disaster risk quantitative assessment from a physical mechanism perspective, which lays a scientific foundation for decision-making in risk management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The problems of storing, systematization and accounting for data, accumulated in the process of carrying out olfactory examinations have been considered in the paper. The main purpose of this paper is to present a new forensic information system for olfactory research with cognitive elements. The processes of preparing and carrying out an olfactory examination have been studied during the design and development of the information system, a structural model in the form of a block diagram and an operation algorithm were built and developed. The resulting system prototype should ease the process of taking into account all of the data, obtained during research, as well as be useful for developing cognitive technologies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The time-frequency system has become national strategic resource.The application of time-frequency scientific data is related to communications, electricity, transportation, warfare, etc.It has important practical significance for the sorting, management control, and application analysis of time-frequency scientific data.Firstly, the classify and data sharing strategies of time-frequency scientific data were proposed, the detail of the structure about the time-frequency scientific data center management system and the quality control methods of time-frequency scientific data were discussed.Then the problems faced by the open sharing of time-frequency scientific data were analyzed and the solutions were given.Finally, several application directions of time-frequency scientific data were explained, and the management of time-frequency scientific data was summarized and prospected.

In order to ensure the scientificalness of the green building design method, the green building design method is improved. And a new method of building design is put forward in combination with the green building design standard. The ecological theory is adopted to optimize the index weighting method of the design method, and a three-layer system ecological model is designed to carry out the objective design method. Through the construction case study, it shows that the availability and reliability of the green building design system ecology put forward in this paper and its design method is very high. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The modern evolution of technological systems from Hierarchical branching structures purposed to centralized transfer and distribution of limited resources to multi-agent interconnected self-organized networks aimed to produce, transport and consumption of resources are considered. The model of multi-agent interconnected self-organized adaptive networking systems is proposed, the network topology is considered, a system functioning model including transient processes is analyzed. A substantial limitation of the traditional reliability paradigm for a novel type of systems is demonstrated. It was assumed, that optimization approaches in the context of “big data” utilization lead to create a quasi-infinite space of non-structured decisions, which can be characterized as “big decisions”. The modified approach based on the “equally defended networked system” paradigm and the corresponding quantitative risk measure is proposed.

Volatile markets with strongly fluctuating customer demand and uncertainties in the global supply chain challenge manufacturing companies with increasing complexity. A flexible, reconfigurable production system like the concept of Modular Production by Kern is one way to meet these challenges and at the same time to produce more efficiently. Such plants can quickly adapt to new production demands, but also come with challenging requirements on the planning and control of production programs. To fulfil these requirements, new information structures are needed. Previous approaches, as traditionally prevalent in the automotive industry, are structured rigidly hierarchical leading to monolithic systems. These are designed for static production cycles and therefore offer only limited flexibility. To reach a higher flexibility, new information structures are needed which enable centralized as well as decentralized decision making. One approach to meet these requirements are Multi-Agent Systems (MAS). In this paper a design approach for deploying a semi-heterarchical system structure is presented that puts special emphasis on a resilient production planning and execution with the help of Asset Administration Shells (AAS). The potential of AAS for the self-description of Industrie 4.0 Components and agents in Holonic Manufacturing Systems as well as their usefulness as interoperable interfaces are described and discussed in this work. This is elaborated and discussed in a simulated production environment using an example from the automotive industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A constant search for effective management tools becomes necessary against the background of economic globalization, growing competition, fast changing environmental factors, increasingly stringent product quality requirements. The project management methodology can boost management efficiency by focusing efforts on a specific area of activity and implementing the necessary strategic changes. As management problems become more complicated, the project management system itself undergoes changes and moves to a new level of organizational maturity, but the process of these changes cannot be considered complete. It is necessary to use performance indicators to boost the motivation of a project team. The research shows that it is necessary to improve the tools used to assess in-house project management systems that rely on the international experience of using both the key indicators and expert assessments that entail a comparison with a certain reference state of the system. The system of indicators should have an integrated management framework designed in the format of a project-oriented structure. The purpose of the article is to consider and generalize the approaches, goals and principles of a system of indicators for assessing project management in an organization and drafting a system of indicators. The coauthors take advantage of the provisions of the project management methodology and framework management models to develop a system of indicators used to assess project management processes and results. Their novelty stems from an approach to the systematization of indicators in the context of subject- and management-focused process groups, specified in the Russian project management standards with a focus on the function of control.

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This article was prepared on the basis of a report to the plenary session of the VIII InternationalInteruniversity Scientific Conference «Russian Entrepreneurship: Past and Present. Methodology and Practice in the Framework of Complexity. «The article describes the background, basic concepts of a new scientific field, mainly developed by scientists in other countries. The most important results of the analysis of Russian socioeconomic problems are also presented with the use of tools of Complexity.

Within sustainable transportation systems, the adoption of electric vehicles (EVs) is considered as a potential solution to problems such as energy security, climate change, urban-air quality, and public health. This EV-adoption process is a complex system that considers the relationships between the dimensions of sustainability, car-ownership transition to EVs, market dynamics, and the government. Several models have been designed to address this system. However, these models have only partially developed these relationships because they did not consider all the components or relationships between the elements of this process. This article proposes a systemic approach based on previous models, which integrates all the components and relationships and incorporates the analysis of sustainability into the EV-adoption process. The system structure of this EV-adoption process is presented and discussed. This approach deepens the understanding of the synergies between market dynamics and sustainability, allowing to model the system more broadly. It can thus help in the sustainable and integrated evaluation of different policy scenarios, thereby contributing to a clearer understanding of the dynamic behavior and leverage points of the system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Developing students' ability to think about systems, as opposed to isolated facts, is of central importance in much of science teaching. Prior work in this area has focused on students' recognition of the processes occurring within a system. Comparatively, little work has been done on how students organise the objects that are contained within the system. Understanding how objects are organised within a system structure can promote understanding of the processes relating to the objects and advance students' thinking about systems. A systematic literature review revealed different existing theoretical perspectives on object arrangement within systems. These perspectives were combined into a single framework, the Systems Object Framework (SOF), that can be used to characterise student ideas about object arrangements. The SOF was used to analyse object arrangements depicted by students in pre and post-concept maps that were collected as part of a study on a systems-based curriculum. This analysis provided support for the structure of the SOF and showed that the SOF allows for tracking of changes in students' representation of object arrangements. The SOF contributes to the field by proposing new questions to be investigated and providing a common analytical tool that permits greater consistency across future studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article is devoted to the study of certain stages of transport enterprises operation processes. The subject of consideration is the technological processes of production of a certain type of products at a single transport enterprise during the technological process in the mechanical assembly shop. To fully represent and consideration of all factors of influence, the enterprise was considered as a human-machine system and further, during the research, an analysis of the structure of the system and the principles of its operation was carried out. This article provides a model of a certain technological process, which, despite its simplicity, is so meaningful that it encompasses a wide range of practical optimization tasks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

When the face of the inspected person and the photograph on their identification (ID) card cannot be clearly matched, the individual is undocumented, or the ID is forged, it is often difficult for the on-site police to respond in time. This study proposes a number of key technologies for collecting fingerprints at mobile terminals for fast comparison using an automated fingerprint ID system (AFIS). These technologies ensure intelligent mobile fingerprint collection and allow the transmission of fingerprint information from the terminal to AFIS, over a wireless public security network for real-time fingerprint comparison. This study also analyzes the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed technologies for system design and the applicability of fingerprint ID algorithms. The system achieved good results in a test by the Shanghai Public Security Bureau Criminal Investigation Corps.

In this paper, based on the requirement of military integrated information systems and the characteristic of cloud computing, we design a model of platform. This model combines the cloud platform OpenStack, the large data processing framework Spark, in-memory-database and other latest tools, and then the ablity of high scalability and computing of the model is proved, by the testing of data service permornace and scalability. Expermimental results show that the model can meet the requriments of large scale data storage, processing and service in the future battlefield.

This study does research on resonance and harmonic transmission problems in a new continuous cable traction power supply system (CCTPSS), CCTPSS can realise long-distance co-phase power supply and effectively reduce phase separation and is applicable for extended power supply in areas with the weak power grid. Firstly, the system structure is introduced, a cable traction network is divided into three kinds of subnets for its complicated topology and huge system scale. The equivalent circuit model and mathematical model of each subnet are established with distribution parameters, especially the cable capacitance effect be considered. Then, according to the two-port network analysis theory, the system equivalent circuit is constructed by considering the electrical connection relationship, system harmonic impedance expression is calculated. Resonance influence factors and harmonic transmission mechanisms are analysed. Finally, theoretical analysis validity is verified in simulation; harmonic transmission characteristics CCTPSS including traction cable and overhead catenary, are studied. The new system shows better resonance performance compared with the existing AT traction power supply system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Phase‐type distribution closure properties are utilized to devise algorithms for generating reliability functions of systems with basic structures. These structures include series, parallel, K‐out‐of‐N, and standby structures with perfect/imperfect switch. The algorithms form a method for system reliability modeling and analysis based on the relationship between the system lifetime and component lifetimes for general structures. The proposed method is suitable for functional system reliability analysis, which can produce reliability functions of systems with independent components instead of only system reliability values. Once the system reliability function is obtained, other reliability measures such as the system's hazard function and mean time to failure can be obtained efficiently using only matrix algebra. Dimensional and numerical comparisons with computerized symbolic processing are also presented to show the superiority of the proposed method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]