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Formål: Å undersøke helsearbeidere ved et aktivitetssenter for personer med demens sine erfaringer med å delta på kunstverksted på en kulturinstitusjon sammen med personer som lever med en demenssykdom. Metode: En kvalitativ studie med deltagende observasjon, spørreskjema og fokusgruppeintervju. Tematisk analyse: To av de fire ledsagende helsearbeiderne som deltok i studien, deltok også i analysen av det empiriske materialet. Resultat: Helsearbeidernes erfaringer kan sammenfattes i to overordnede tema: «en styrket relasjon» og «en endret kompetanse». Det første temaet var et resultat av tre faktorer: For det første at de deltok i kunstnerisk samskaping med deltakerne med demens utenfor den vante omsorgssituasjonen. For det andre at samskapingen ga dem en felles erfaring som påvirket pleier-pasient-rollene. For det tredje at de på nye måter ble kjent med deltakerne med demenssykdom. At relasjonen til deltakerne ble styrket, førte også til at helsearbeiderne i etterkant prøvde ut aktiviteter de ikke hadde gjort før. Dette funnet beskrives som «en endret kompetanse». Originalitet: Artikkelen bidrar med kunnskap om helsearbeidernes utbytte av å delta i kunstnerisk samskaping sammen med personer med demens, noe som er underbelyst i forskningen. Resultatene viser hvilket potensial samskaping kan ha som metode når man planlegger kunst- og kulturtilbud hvor personer med demens og helsearbeidere deltar sammen.

Fotball er et globalt populærkulturelt fenomen. På grunn av det enorme engasjementet fotball skaper, følelsene som leves ut, deltakelsen i felles ritualer og dyrkelsen av lag og enkeltspillere, kan fotball sammenlignes med religion. Vi bruker Argentinas seier i fotball-VM i 2022 som utgangspunkt og viser gjennom empiriske eksempler hvordan den enorme interessen for fotball i Argentina og dyrkelsen av Maradona kan forstås som en form for folkereligion. Mot slutten av artikkelen diskuterer vi hvordan utforsking av fotball og religion kan brukes didaktisk i undervisningen om religion i skolen i Norge. Nøkkelord: fotball, fotball-VM, folkereligion, folkehelgener, cábala, Maradona

Metaphors play a significant role in how cancer is experienced and discussed. This study delves into the utilization of metaphors by women bloggers grappling with colorectal and gynecological cancers. By focusing on cancer types less represented in mainstream media, we aim to shed light on cancer cultures associated with body areas often considered taboo. Our findings reveal that widely recognized expressions and stories about cancer, such as the metaphors of battle and narratives promoting optimism and heroism in the face of illness, are deeply ingrained. However, a notable discovery is the prevalence of personification alongside these conventional expressions. Personifying cancer endows it with human characteristics, providing an outlet for bloggers to express their fear and frustration, including articulating feelings of sadness and anger, diverging from narratives centered on heroism and positive thinking. Furthermore, our analysis reveals a significant emphasis on death, underscoring that despite advancements in treatment, bloggers still perceive cancer as highly lethal. Personification can serve both detrimental and therapeutic purposes for bloggers and for societal perceptions of cancer survivorship, both reinforcing and opposing dominant Western discourses surrounding the illness. These findings enrich our understanding of cognitive and cultural tools used to describe cancer within contemporary Western society.

Abstract Although sucrose is widely administered to hospitalized infants for single painful procedures, total sucrose volume during the entire neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) stay and associated adverse events are unknown. In a longitudinal observation study, we aimed to quantify and contextualize sucrose administration during the NICU stay. Specifically, we investigated the frequency, nature, and severity of painful procedures; proportion of procedures where neonates received sucrose; total volume of sucrose administered for painful procedures; and incidence and type of adverse events. Neonates

Introduction Oral sucrose is repeatedly administered to neonates in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) to treat pain from commonly performed procedures; however, there is limited evidence on its long-term cumulative effect on neurodevelopment. We examined the association between total sucrose volumes administered to preterm neonates for pain mitigation in the NICU and their neurodevelopment at 18 months of corrected age (CA).Methods A prospective longitudinal single-arm observational study that enrolled hospitalised preterm neonates

Preterm infants are at risk for adverse neurodevelopmental outcomes, especially language delay. Preterm infants < 29 weeks’ gestational age, cared for in Canadian Neonatal Follow-Up Network affiliated hospitals, were assessed between 18 to 21 months corrected age using the Bayley-III. Bayley-III Language Composite Scores were compared using univariate and multivariate analyses for children in three primary language groups: English, French and other. 6146 children were included. The primary language at home was English, French or another language for 3708 children (60%), 1312 children (21%) and 1126 children (18%), respectively, and overall, 44% were exposed to two or more languages at home. Univariate analysis showed that primary language was associated with lower Bayley-III Language scores; however, multivariate analyses demonstrated that neither primary language nor language of administration were significantly associated with lower language scores when adjusted for gestational age, other developmental delays and sociodemographic factors, but multiple language exposure was. Sociodemographic and other factors are more important in determining language development than primary language at home. Further studies are needed to examine the association between exposure to multiple languages and lower Bayley-III language scores in preterm infants.

Abstract Exposure to pain‐related stress from frequent invasive procedures in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) has been associated with altered physiological stress regulation, neurodevelopment, and behavior in children born very preterm (≤32 weeks gestation). Previously, in a cohort born 2003–2006 (Cohort 1), we found that, at 18 months corrected age (CA), children born extremely low gestational age (ELGA; 24–28 weeks) and very low gestational age (VLGA; 29–32 weeks), had higher pre‐test cortisol levels and a different pattern of cortisol output across a developmental assessment involving cognitive challenge compared to children born full‐term (FT; 39–41 weeks). Also, greater neonatal pain‐related stress exposure among the preterm children was related to higher pre‐test cortisol levels. Given the adverse long‐term effects of neonatal pain in preterm infants and the ensuing rise in clinical concerns to appropriately manage pain in the NICU in recent years, we aimed to examine whether our findings from Cohort 1 would still be evident in an independent cohort (Cohort 2) born 2006–2011 and recruited from the same tertiary NICU in Vancouver, Canada. We also compared the cortisol patterns, clinical and socio‐demographic factors, and their interrelationships between the two cohorts. In Cohort 2, our findings using multi‐level modeling support and extend our earlier findings in Cohort 1, demonstrating that children born ELGA display higher pre‐test cortisol levels than FT. As well, greater cortisol output across assessment was related to more anxiety/depressive behaviors in children born VLGA. Importantly, children born ELGA were exposed to less neonatal pain/stress, mechanical ventilation, and morphine in Cohort 2 than Cohort 1. In both cohorts, however, cortisol levels and patterns were related to neonatal pain/stress and clinical factors (days on mechanical ventilation, overall morphine exposure). Despite less exposure to pain/stress and adverse clinical factors in Cohort 2 compared to Cohort 1, cortisol levels and patterns across cognitive challenge in preterm children at 18‐month CA were consistent across the two independent cohorts. These findings highlight that, despite improvements to neonatal care, children born extremely preterm continue to display altered HPA axis activity, which is associated with their poorer neurodevelopmental and behavioral outcomes.

Background The condition known as chronic fatigue syndrome or myalgic encephalomyelitis (CFS/ME) is poorly understood. Simplified medical models tend to neglect the complexity of illness, contributing to a terrain of uncertainty, dilemmas and predicaments. However, despite pessimistic pictures of no cure and poor prognosis, some patients recover. Purpose This study’s purpose is to provide insight into people’s experiences of suffering and recovery from very severe CFS/ME and illuminate understanding of how and why changes became possible. Methods Fourteen former patients were interviewed about their experiences of returning to health. A narrative analysis was undertaken to explore participants’ experiences and understandings. We present the result through one participant’s story. Results The analysis yielded a common plotline with a distinct turning point. Participants went through a profound narrative shift, change in mindset and subsequent long-time work to actively pursue their own healing. Their narrative understandings of being helpless victims of disease were replaced by a more complex view of causality and illness and a new sense of self-agency developed. Discussion We discuss the illness narratives in relation to the disease model and its shortcomings, the different voices dominating the stories at different times in a clinically, conceptually, and emotionally challenging area.

Abstract The absence of functional top predators has been proposed as a mechanism acting to shape fish assemblages in temperate marine ecosystems, with cascading effects on lower trophic levels. We explore this scenario by comparing the trophic and functional status of fish assemblages in Norwegian marine national parks, open to fishing, to a nearby coastal seascape that harbors a system of marine protected areas (MPAs) including a no‐take zone. Demersal fish assemblages were sampled using fyke nets over three consecutive seasons. Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) is potentially a dominant top predator in this ecosystem, and historically, this and other gadids have been targeted by the full range of former and present fisheries. In the present study, we find that average body size of the Atlantic cod was significantly larger in the zoned seascape compared to the unprotected areas (mean ± SD: 36.6 cm ± 14.38 vs. 23.4 ± 7.50; p

ObjectiveTo develop a simple imaging rule to predict neurodevelopmental outcomes at 4.5 years in a cohort of preterm neonates with white matter injury (WMI) based on lesion location and examine whether clinical variables enhance prediction.MethodsSixty-eight preterm neonates born 24-32 weeks' gestation (median 27.7 weeks) were diagnosed with WMI on early brain MRI scans (median 32.3 weeks). 3D T1-weighted images of 60 neonates with 4.5-year outcomes were reformatted and aligned to the posterior commissure-eye plane and WMI was classified by location: anterior or posterior-only to the midventricle line on the reformatted axial plane. Adverse outcomes at 4.5 years were defined as Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence full-scale IQ

I denne artikkelen utforsker jeg vurderinger av retur fra ståstedet til polske migranter som befinner seg i prekære livssituasjoner i Norge. Det primære empiriske grunnlaget er kvalitative intervjuer med åtte polske migranter, som på intervjutidspunktet stod uten lønnsarbeid og uten tilgang til offentlige velferdsytelser. Gjennom å benytte begreper og perspektiver fra institusjonell etnografi, utfordrer artikkelen institusjonelle forståelser om polske migranter som mobil og midlertidig arbeidskraft i Norge. Artikkelen belyser også hvordan disse institusjonelle forståelsene settes i spill og drar veksler på intervjuer med 12 ansatte i Nav. I artikkelen argumenterer jeg for at polske migranter i prekære livssituasjoner opplever vurderinger av retur som komplekse. Vurderingene har både økonomiske, sosiale og emosjonelle dimensjoner. Retur anses derfor ikke nødvendigvis som et enkelt alternativ, på tross av en svært utfordrende livssituasjon i Norge. Deres erfaringer og vurderinger står i kontrast til institusjonaliserte forestillinger av EØS-mobilitet, som tar utgangspunkt i kortsiktig profittmaksimering og mobilitet som mulighetsgivende for migrantene. Jeg argumenterer for at disse forestillingene av polske migranter og deres forutsetninger for retur virker objektiverende, og at de usynliggjør polske migranter som «hele mennesker».

I denne artikkelen identifiserer jeg tre former for utfordringer som kan hindre at migranter kommer i kontakt med Nav, slik at de kan få vurdert og realisert eventuelle rettigheter til velferdsytelser. Jeg bygger på analyser av intervjuer med arbeidsledige polske migranter som tidligere har hatt ordinært arbeid i Norge, men som ikke mottar noen velferdsytelser. Den første formen for utfordringer er knyttet til deres posisjon i et ustabilt og uforutsigbart arbeidsmarked. Den andre handler om deres svake byråkratiske kompetanse og hvordan slik kompetanse er en forutsetning for vellykket samhandling med Nav. Den tredje typen utfordring som jeg har identifisert, er migrantenes opplevelser av ydmykelse i møte med Nav. Disse ulike formene for utfordringer fører til at terskelen til Nav oppleves som høy og hindrer dem i å få tilgang til velferdsytelser de kunne hatt rett på.

Abstract To predict adverse neurodevelopmental outcome of very preterm neonates. A total of 166 preterm neonates born between 24–32 weeks’ gestation underwent brain MRI early in life. Radiomics features were extracted from T1- and T2- weighted images. Motor, cognitive, and language outcomes were assessed at a corrected age of 18 and 33 months and 4.5 years. Elastic Net was implemented to select the clinical and radiomic features that best predicted outcome. The area under the receiver operating characteristic (AUROC) curve was used to determine the predictive ability of each feature set. Clinical variables predicted cognitive outcome at 18 months with AUROC 0.76 and motor outcome at 4.5 years with AUROC 0.78. T1-radiomics features showed better prediction than T2-radiomics on the total motor outcome at 18 months and gross motor outcome at 33 months (AUROC: 0.81 vs 0.66 and 0.77 vs 0.7). T2-radiomics features were superior in two 4.5-year motor outcomes (AUROC: 0.78 vs 0.64 and 0.8 vs 0.57). Combining clinical parameters and radiomics features improved model performance in motor outcome at 4.5 years (AUROC: 0.84 vs 0.8). Radiomic features outperformed clinical variables for the prediction of adverse motor outcomes. Adding clinical variables to the radiomics model enhanced predictive performance.

The article presents research experience integrating parents, clinicians, and researchers to identify the selection and reporting of meaningful outcomes after preterm birth. Topics discussed include principles of patient-oriented research, significance of the parents lived exprience to presentations, and impact of the collaborative effort.

Children born very low gestational age (VLGA, 29–32 weeks gestational age [GA]) display slower processing speed and altered hypothalamic pituitary adrenal (HPA) axis function, with greater effects in those born extremely low gestational age (ELGA; 24–28 weeks GA). We investigated trajectories of HPA axis activity as indexed by cortisol output and patterns across cognitive assessment at ages 1.5, 3 and 4.5 years, comparing children born ELGA and VLGA and associations with 4.5-year processing speed. In a prospective longitudinal cohort study, infants born very preterm (<33 weeks gestation) returned for developmental assessment at ages 1.5, 3, and 4.5 years. At each age, children completed standardized cognitive testing and saliva samples collected before (Pretest), during (During) and after (End) challenging cognitive tasks were assayed for cortisol. For the total group (n = 188), cortisol area under the curve with respect to ground (AUCg) decreased, while cortisol reactivity to challenge (Pre-test to During) increased from 1.5 to 3 years, remaining stable to 4.5 years. This longitudinal pattern was related to higher Processing Speed (WPPSI-IV) scores at 4.5 years. Children born ELGA displayed higher AUCg than VLGA, particularly at age 3, driven by higher Pre-test cortisol levels. Overall, relative to those born VLGA, children born ELGA displayed greater cortisol responsivity to cognitive challenge. A higher setpoint of cortisol levels at age 3-years in children born ELGA may reflect altered HPA axis regulation more broadly and may contribute to difficulties with information processing in this population, critical for academic and social success. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BackgroundNeonates with congenital heart disease (CHD) are at high risk of punctate white matter injury (WMI) and impaired brain development. We hypothesized that WMI in CHD neonates occurs in a characteristic distribution that shares topology with preterm WMI and that lower birth gestational age (GA) is associated with larger WMI volume.Objective(1) To quantitatively assess the volume and location of WMI in CHD neonates across three centres. (2) To compare the volume and spatial distribution of WMI between term CHD neonates and preterm neonates using lesion mapping.MethodsIn 216 term born CHD neonates from three prospective cohorts (mean birth GA: 39 weeks), WMI was identified in 86 neonates (UBC: 29; UCSF: 43; UCZ: 14) on pre- and/or post-operative T1 weighted MRI. WMI was manually segmented and volumes were calculated. A standard brain template was generated. Probabilistic WMI maps (total, pre- and post-operative) were developed in this common space. Using these maps, WMI in the term CHD neonates was compared with that in preterm neonates: 58 at early-in-life (mean postmenstrual age at scan 32.2 weeks); 41 at term-equivalent age (mean postmenstrual age at scan 40.1 weeks).ResultsThe total WMI volumes of CHD neonates across centres did not differ (p = 0.068): UBC (median = 84.6 mm3, IQR = 26-174.7 mm3); UCSF (median = 104 mm3, IQR = 44-243 mm3); UCZ (median = 121 mm3, IQR = 68-200.8 mm3). The spatial distribution of WMI in CHD neonates showed strong concordance across centres with predilection for anterior and posterior rather than central lesions. Predominance of anterior lesions was apparent on the post-operative WMI map relative to the pre-operative map. Lower GA at birth predicted an increasing volume of WMI across the full cohort (41.1 mm3 increase of WMI per week decrease in gestational age; 95% CI 11.5-70.8; p = 0.007), when accounting for centre and heart lesion. While WMI in term CHD and preterm neonates occurs most commonly in the intermediate zone/outer subventricular zone there is a paucity of central lesions in the CHD neonates relative to preterms.ConclusionsWMI in term neonates with CHD occurs in a characteristic topology. The spatial distribution of WMI in term neonates with CHD reflects the expected maturation of pre-oligodendrocytes such that the central regions are less vulnerable than in the preterm neonates.

GoalTo determine the analgesic effectiveness of repeated sucrose administration for skin-breaking (SB) procedures over the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) hospitalization of preterm infants.MethodsLongitudinal observational study, conducted in four level III Canadian NICUs. Eligible infants were