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Palaeophylolestes distinctus n. gen., n. sp. (Figs 1; 2) urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: E1287128-20FA-4391-90E2-B1ABF30C00A6 HOLOTYPE. — BDL 2002, Musée de Paléontologie de Menat ¸ Menat, Puy-de-Dôme, France. ETYMOLOGY. — The species epithet refers to the length of MA, MP and CuA, distinctly long in the species. TYPE LOCALITY AND STRATIGRAPHY. — Bord du Lac des Grelins (BDL), Menat, Puy-de-Dôme, France; middle Paleocene, Menat Basin. COMMENTED DIAGNOSIS. — Wings: RP1+2 / RP3+4 fork closer to nodus than to arculus (within Lestoidea, apomorphic for Synlestidae and Perilestidae); MA, MP and CuA reaching posterior wing margin very distally (unique to the species); forewing quadrangle with proximal edge about half length of posterior edge; cell below sub-discoidal (i.e. sub-quadrangular) cell well-developed, longer than sub-discoidal cell (plesiomorphy within Zygoptera; as opposed to ‘cell reduced, with AA (or CuP+ AA) diverging from posterior wing margin in distal position’). DESCRIPTION General aspects Specimen preserving thoracic segments, fragments of a leg, 4 abdominal segments, and more or less complete wings, with pairs of one side largely overlapping; forewing of second pair (FW2) very damaged, creased along multiple folds, with a main disruption running along MA-MP area. Wing venation (essentially derived from HW1) Two antenodals in ScP-R area; at least 8 postnodals (as preserved in HW1), probably 11 or 12 originally in hindwing, and probably more in forewing; subnodus short, oblique; cross-veins between RA and RP1/RP1+2 aligned with postnodals near nodus, slightly misaligned with them near pterostigma; pterostigma extending over four cells (in the RA-RP1 area); quadrangle trapezoidal (as opposed to quadrangular) with proximal edge about ½ of posterior edge in forewing, less than ½ in hindwing (i.e. quadrangle slightly narrower and longer in hindwing); RP1+2 / RP3+4 fork located closer to nodus than to arculus; Irp 1+2 -rp 3+4 starts opposite subnodus; RP1 / RP2 fork located proximally, just before postnodal 4; area between Irp 1 -rp 2 and RP2 with 3 rows of cells at its broadest (probably forming one or two supplementary sectors); RP3+4-MA area broadening near posterior wing margin (broader than surrounding areas), with at least 3 rows of cells; MA very long, reaching posterior wing margin opposite beginning of pterostigma in hindwing (as observed in HW1), possibly longer in forewing (opposite pterostigma mid-length); MA-MP area with a single row of cells except in most distal part (preserved in hindwing, possibly present in forewing); MP slightly arched upwards at its point of divergence from MP +CuA, simple and rectilinear, long; MPCuA area comparatively broad (broader than the MA-MP area), with a single row of cells; CuA long, mostly parallel to posterior wing margin; a single row of cells between CuA and posterior wing margin; cell located below sub-discoidal (i.e. sub-quadrangular) cell (i.e. anteriorly delimited by AA) well-developed, longer than sub-discoidal cell; in most areas cross-venation scalariform and forming quadrangular cells; cross-veins sigmoidal, reticulated and denser distal to pterostigma, reticulated near apex, and in RP3+4-MA area. Dimensions Forewing, length about 25.4 mm, maximum width about 4.9 mm (both estimated from FW1); hindwing, length 23.6 mm, width 5.3 mm (deduced from HW1). REMARKS Within Lestoidea (as delimited in Bybee et al. 2021; and see Kohli et al. 2021), the new specimen can be assigned to the Synlestidae based on a particular combination of character states. The occurrence of the state ‘RP1+2 / RP3+4 fork located closer to nodus than to arculus’ is unique to this family indeed (see Garrison et al. [2010] and Fig. 3; the RP1+2 / RP3+4 fork is located closer to the arculus in Lestidae, Menatlestidae and Eolestidae, very close or opposite to the nodus in Hemiphlebiidae, and beyond it in Perilestidae; exceptions occur within Synlestidae, see Fig. 3B; see Bridges 1994, Greenwalt & Bechly 2014, Nel & Jouault 2022). This assignment is also consistent with the position of the arculus being closer to the nodus than to the wing A ScP RA RP1 1-rp2 B ScP CuA MP MA RP3+4 Irp1+2-rp3+4 RA RP1 1-rp2 C ScP CuA MP MA RP3+4 RA RP1 1-rp2 RP3+4 CuA MP MA base (see Tillyard 1917; more or less midway between the base and the nodus in Lestidae; closer to the wing base in Hemiphlebiidae, Eolestidae and Menatlestidae; conversely, very close to the nodus in Perilestidae), and the presence of intercalary veins in the area between Irp 1 -rp 2 and RP2 (absent in Hemiphlebiidae and Perilestidae; also present in Lestidae, Eolestidae and Menatlestidae). It must be mentioned that, outside of Lestoidea, the Megapodagrionidae and the Coenagrionidae also display the state ‘RP1+2 / RP3+4 fork located closer to nodus than to arculus’. However, assignment to the former can be excluded owing to the quadrangular shape of the quadrangle. As for the latter, Coenagrionidae have a single row of cells in the area between Irp 1 -rp 2 and RP2, while the new material has 3, as in Synlestidae. The new specimen differs from all known Synlestidae by the very long MA, MP and CuA. Also, the quadrangle, characterised by a comparatively long proximal edge, is atypical compared to known Synlestidae. Additionally, unlike in Synlestes Selys Longchamps, 1868 (see Fig. 3A) and a number of other extant genera, including Chlorolestes Selys Longchamps, 1862b, Ecchlorolestes Barnard, 1937, Episynlestes Kennedy, 1920 and Sinolestes Needham, 1930 (see Bridges 1994; Simaika et al. 2020; and references therein) as well as some extinct genera such as Madres Petrulevičius, 2018 and Inacayalestes Petrulevičius, 2015 (both Eocene, Argentina), the cell located below the sub-discoidal cell (colour-coded in light blue in Figs 2, 3) is well-developed (i.e. AA diverges from the posterior margin in a basal position) in the new specimen. This state is shared with species of Megalestes Selys Longchamps, 1862a (Fig. 3B) and the monotypic genus Phylolestes Christiansen, 1947 (Fig. 3C). It is likely a plesiomorphic condition. The new specimen sharply differs from Megalestes spp. in the location of the RP1+2 / RP3+4 fork (unusually basal, for a Synlestidae, in Megalestes). Finally, the new specimen is overly similar to Phylolestes ethelae Christiansen, 1947. However, in addition to traits highlighted above, RP3+4 is more rectilinear in the new specimen (distally, it remains parallel to the posterior wing margin for some distance in Phylolestes ethelae). Finally, comparison with Cretaphylolestes cretacicus Huang, Fu, Lian, Gao & Nel, 2022 (Lower Cretaceous, China) is made difficult by the fragmentary state of the available material. Moreover, the overlapping of elements belonging to fore- and hindwing jeopardizes the identification of critical elements, such as the quadrangle shape, in this species. Given the above, the erection of a new species and genus is justified.

Genus Palaeophylolestes n. gen. urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: CC3DF6CB-6DCD-4988-8D73-D195EED70E31 TYPE SPECIES. — Palaeophylolestes distinctus n. sp.; monotypic genus. ETYMOLOGY. — After the name of a closely-related genus, namely Phylolestes, associated with the prefix ‘Palaeo-’, referring to the Palaeocene age of the type-species; gender masculine. DIAGNOSIS. — As for the type species.

Doriath-Döhler, Aimie, Hervet, Sophie, Béthoux, Olivier (2023): Palaeophylolestes distinctus n. gen., n. sp., a new malachite damselfly (Odonata: Zygoptera: Synlestidae) from the Paleocene Menat locality (France). Geodiversitas 45 (14): 401-407, DOI: 10.5252/geodiversitas2023v45a14

The final stadium larvae of Megalestes micans Needham, 1930 and M. kurahashii Asahina, 1985 are described and illustrated from Yunnan Province, China, and a key to the known larvae of seven species...

Megalestes gyalsey Gyeltshen, Kalkman & Orr, 2017 is recorded for the first time from India, extending the known geographic range of the species. This report is based on the collection of 5 individuals (4 males, 1 female) from Jang waterfall, Tawang, Arunachal Pradesh and 2 males from Neora Valley National Park, Kalimpong district, West Bengal. The female of M. gyalsey is described for the first time with notes on the variation in the male. A probable larva of the species is also described and illustrated.

Megalestes major Selys, 1862 (Figs. 3h; 4h; 5e, r; 6e) Megalestes major: Asahina, 1985b: 2–5, 14–16, figs. 1–10 [India; Nepal]; Gyeltshen et al. 2017: 593, figs. 4c–d [Bhutan]. This is the type species of Megalestes, the only species that has an inner lateral tooth in the middle of the cerci (Fig. 3h). Its paraprocts are almost spherical, covered with dense setae, with an acute dorsal base tooth pointed directly upwards (Fig. 6e). Megalestes major is distributed in India, Nepal, and Bhutan, and it only occurs on the west side of the Himalayas., Published as part of Yu, Xin & Xue, Junli, 2020, A review of the damselfly genus Megalestes Selys, 1862 (Insecta: Odonata Zygoptera: Synlestidae) using integrative taxonomic methods, pp. 245-270 in Zootaxa 4851 (2) on page 261, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4851.2.2, http://zenodo.org/record/4407479, {"references":["Asahina, S. (1985 b) Contributions to the taxonomic knowledge of the Megalestes species of continental South Asia (Odonata, Synlestidae). Cho-Cho, 8 (10), 1 - 18.","Gyeltshen, T., Kalkman, V. J. & Orr, A. G. (2017) Honouring His Royal Highness the Crown Prince of Bhutan: Megalestes gyalsey (Odonata: Synlestidae). Zootaxa, 4244 (4), 588 - 594. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4244.4.9"]}

Megalestes haui Wilson & Reels, 2003 (Figs. 3i; 4i; 5 g–h, u–v; 6f) Megalestes haui Wilson & Reels, 2003: 256–257, figs. 46–57 [Shiwandashan, Guangxi, China]; Karube 2014: 74, fig. 2 [Tam Dao, Vinh Phu, Vietnam]; Phan & To 2018: 1–6, figs. 4–6, 12–13, 22–24 [Hoang Lien National Park, Lao Cai, Vietnam]. Megalestes palaceus Zhou & Zhou, 2008: 1–2, figs. 1–5 [Xiaodanjiang, Leishan, Guizhou, China]. Syn. nov. We examined eight specimens (Table 1), including specimens collected from the type locality of M. palaceus and holotype photos of M. haui that were provided by Dr. Guanhong Huang from the Agriculture, Fisheries and Conservation Department of Hong Kong. Characters of caudal appendages, genitalia and ligula, and body color pattern are coincident among all these individuals. In the molecular phylogeny, M. haui and M. palaceus nested in the same clade with strong support (BPP= 0.8) and cannot be further separated (Fig. 7). Most independent evidence supports classifying these two as the same species (Fig. 8). Therefore, we believe M. palaceus is a junior synonym of M. haui. This species is known to occur in Guangxi and Guizhou in China and in northern Vietnam.

Megalestes riccii Navás, 1935 (Figs. 3 m–p; 4m–p; 5j–l, y–aa; 6k; 8) Megalestes riccii Navás, 1934: 89–90, fig. 55, “Kuling, Kiang-si” [Lushan, Jiangxi]; Chao 1962: 27–28, figs. 9–12; Chao 1965: 188–189, figs. 1–3. Megalestes maai Chen, 1947: 27, figs. 1–4 [Taiwan]; Chao 1965: 189, figs. 5–8 [Taiwan]. Syn. nov. Megalestes tuska Wilson & Reels, 2003: 258–259, figs. 52–63, [Damingshan, Guangxi]. Syn. nov. This is an intermediate-sized, pale-colored species, usually with a very bright yellow color pattern, especially when young (Fig. 2). The most conspicuous character of M. riccii is the yellow-colored cerci. This species is distributed in Guangxi, Hunan, Jiangxi, Taiwan, and Zhejiang. There were three named species of Megalestes that have yellow-colored cerci, M. riccii, M. maai, and M. tuska, all endemic to China. Megalestes maai is restricted to Taiwan. We examined a series of type specimens of M. riccii deposited in IZAS and IEAS, as well as photos of the holotype of M. tuska, kindly provided by Dr. Guanhong Huang from the Agriculture, Fisheries and Conservation Department of Hong Kong. After studying our series of specimens, including four specimens of M. maai kindly provided by Mr. Wen-chi Yeh and Dr. Liang-jong Wang from Taiwan, we found no distinct differences among these three. Molecular analysis also implied that they were the same species (Fig. 7). Chao (1965) compared a single male of M. maai from Taiwan with type specimens of M. riccii and the results indicated that M. maai was different from M. riccii in the longer wings and the obtuse tip of the basal tooth on the paraproct. However, among our series of specimens, the body sizes of some Zhejiang individuals (M. riccii) were larger than those from Taiwan (M. maai), and the shape of the paraproct basal tooth tip varied randomly. Wilson & Reels (2003) mentioned that M. tuska has “sharply pointed, bifurcated” tips of the basal tooth on the paraproct. Again, as discussed above, there is also intraspecies variation since our specimens show that both M. tuska and M. riccii can have the tips obvious or not, and “bifurcated” or not. One individual from Jinxiu (very near the type locality of M. tuska) even has a very long and pointed tip (Fig. 4p). Thus, we believe that M. maai and M. tuska are both junior synonyms of M. riccii., Published as part of Yu, Xin & Xue, Junli, 2020, A review of the damselfly genus Megalestes Selys, 1862 (Insecta: Odonata Zygoptera: Synlestidae) using integrative taxonomic methods, pp. 245-270 in Zootaxa 4851 (2) on page 264, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4851.2.2, http://zenodo.org/record/4407479, {"references":["Navas, L. (1934) Nevropteres et insectes voisins. Chine et pays environnants. Huitieme serie. Musee Heude. Notes d' entomologie chinoise, 2, 85 - 103.","Chao, H. - F. (1962) A study on Navasian types of Chinese dragonflies (Odonata), I. Acta Entomologica Sinica, 11 (Supplement), 25 - 31.","Chao, H. - F. (1965) A study of the Chinese dragonflies of the genus Megalestes Selys, with description of a new species (Odonata: Synlestidae). Acta Zootaxonomica Sinica, 2, 187 - 196.","Chen, C. W. (1947) On a new damselfly from Formosa (Odonata: Synlestidae). Biological Bulletin Fukien University, 6, 27 - 31.","Wilson, K. D. P. & Reels, G. T. (2003) Odonata of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China, Part 1: Zygoptera. Odonatologica, 32, 237 - 279."]}

Megalestes gyalsey Gyeltshen, Kalkman & Orr, 2017 (Fig. 6c) Megalestes gyalsey Gyeltshen et al., 2017: 588–594, figs. 3, 4a–b [Trongsa, Bhutan]. We have not examined any specimens of this species, since its description is newly published, and the species is restricted to its type locality in Bhutan. However, according to the original description and good quality photos, the unique shape of the paraproct (quite long, strong, directly backward pointed and without a basal tooth) suggests that it is a valid species (cf. Figure 4 in Gyeltshen et al. 2017)., Published as part of Yu, Xin & Xue, Junli, 2020, A review of the damselfly genus Megalestes Selys, 1862 (Insecta: Odonata Zygoptera: Synlestidae) using integrative taxonomic methods, pp. 245-270 in Zootaxa 4851 (2) on page 258, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4851.2.2, http://zenodo.org/record/4407479, {"references":["Gyeltshen, T., Kalkman, V. J. & Orr, A. G. (2017) Honouring His Royal Highness the Crown Prince of Bhutan: Megalestes gyalsey (Odonata: Synlestidae). Zootaxa, 4244 (4), 588 - 594. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4244.4.9"]}

Megalestes irma Fraser, 1926 (Figs. 3b; 4b; 5f, s; 6l) Megalestes irma Fraser, 1926: 32–33 [Gandtor, Sikkim]; Asahina 1985b: 5–8, figs. 11–18 [Sikkim; Nepal]. The first author examined the type specimens (2 m #m#, 1 f# Gandtor Sikhim, 5000–6000 ft, 1924-V-29, Fraser leg.) of this species and recorded the photos at BMNH in July 2017. This is a large species with paraprocts appearing unique (Figs. 4b, 6l) in having the basal tooth bent forward, which coincides with the description in Fraser (1926). The ligula resembles that of M. australis but without the terminal lateral lobes (Fig. 5f, s). The photos of M. irma in Gyeltshen et al. (2017) were actually of M. micans, which can be easily identified by the shape of the paraprocts and the basal tooth of the cerci (cf. Fig. 4 e–f, in Gyeltshen et al., 2017, for detailed discussion please see “ Megalestes micans Needham, 1930 ”). This species is known only from Sikkim and Nepal., Published as part of Yu, Xin & Xue, Junli, 2020, A review of the damselfly genus Megalestes Selys, 1862 (Insecta: Odonata Zygoptera: Synlestidae) using integrative taxonomic methods, pp. 245-270 in Zootaxa 4851 (2) on page 261, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4851.2.2, http://zenodo.org/record/4407479, {"references":["Fraser, F. C. (1926) Two new species of dragonflies from the Darjeeling District. The Journal of the Darjeeling Natural History Society, 1926, 31 - 33.","Asahina, S. (1985 b) Contributions to the taxonomic knowledge of the Megalestes species of continental South Asia (Odonata, Synlestidae). Cho-Cho, 8 (10), 1 - 18.","Gyeltshen, T., Kalkman, V. J. & Orr, A. G. (2017) Honouring His Royal Highness the Crown Prince of Bhutan: Megalestes gyalsey (Odonata: Synlestidae). Zootaxa, 4244 (4), 588 - 594. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4244.4.9","Needham, J. G. (1930) A manual of the dragonflies of China. Peiping: The Fan Memorial Institute of Biology, 227 - 231."]}

Key to male Megalestes 1 Color of cercus yellow (Fig. 3m); genital ligula with large middle lateral lobes (Fig. 5z) and obvious basal lateral lobes (Fig. 5 aa)............................................................................................. riccii - Color of cercus black or dark brown; genital ligula without obvious basal lateral lobes, middle lateral lobes relatively small or absent.............................................................................................. 2 2 Paraproct without basal tooth, straight and strong, longer than 1/2 the length of the cercus (Fig. 6c)............... gyalsey - Paraproct with basal tooth, never straight, seldom as long as 1/2 the cercus length.................................. 3 3 Horns present at the end of genital ligula (Fig. 5n)........................................................... 4 - Horns absent at the end of genital ligula, or only having lateral lobes............................................ 7 4 Distinct inner lateral tooth present at the middle of cercus (Fig. 3h), paraproct almost spherical (Figs. 4h; 6e)........ major - No lateral tooth at middle of cercus, apex of paraproct produced, not spherical..................................... 5 5 Paraproct apex truncate, extended transversely, serrated with some hairs, a brushlike appearance; basal tooth large with end pointed (Figs. 4g; 6d); end of the genital ligula narrow, with the margin rounded (Fig. 5t)...................... kurahashii - Paraproct apex pointed; end of the genital ligula broad with the margin trapezoidal................................. 6 6 Basal tooth of paraproct robust, longer than 1/2 the entire length of paraproct, with end pointed forward (Figs. 4b; 6l); genital ligula with obvious terminal lateral lobes (Fig. 5s)........................................................ irma - Basal tooth of paraproct very small, shorter than 1/3 the entire length of paraproct, with end pointed upward (Figs. 4a, 6a); genital ligula without terminal lateral lobes (Fig. 5a, a 1)................................................. australis 7 Dorsum of 10 th abdomen segment normal, not swelling................................................. lieftincki - Dorsum of 10 th abdomen segment more or less swelling (Fig. 4d)............................................... 8 8 Paraproct short with apex obtuse, covered with long, dense hairs that entirely cloak the apex; basal tooth of paraproct strong with base bulged and apex very acute pointed upward or a little forward (this character varied to some degree, cf. Figs. 4k and l and 6i and j); end of genital ligula modestly broad, elongate, and concave like a spoon; modest middle lateral lobes present but no basal and terminal lobes (Fig. 5w and x)............................................................ micans - Paraproct produced back-upward with apex pointed or a little blunt; basal tooth of paraproct conical; end of genital ligula not elongate like a spoon; terminal lateral lobe present but basal or middle lobes absent................................. 9 9 Apex of paraproct somewhat blunt with sparse hairs mainly on the tip (Fig. 4i and j); end of genital ligula horizontal, broad, margin truncated, with small terminal lateral lobes (Fig. 5u and v)............................................. haui - Apex of paraproct pointed with sparse hairs mainly on the rear side; end of genital ligula not at horizontal level......... 10 10 Apex of the cercus extended; basal prominence long, cylindrical with the end foot-like (Figs. 3 c–d and 4c–d); basal tooth of paraproct long and strong, at least as long as the produced paraproct apex (Figs. 3c and d; 4c and d); end of genital ligula narrow, slightly spoon-like, with terminal lateral lobes divergent largely, up-curved at tips (Fig. 5o)...................... distans - Apex of the cercus normal; basal prominence short, flat, somewhat rectangular; end of genital ligula not spoon-like...... 11 11 End of genital ligula broad, terminal lateral lobes very large and bent forward like wings (Fig. 5p).................. heros - End of genital ligula narrow, terminal lateral lobes small and wrapping genital end tightly (Fig. 5q)............. omeiensis, Published as part of Yu, Xin & Xue, Junli, 2020, A review of the damselfly genus Megalestes Selys, 1862 (Insecta: Odonata Zygoptera: Synlestidae) using integrative taxonomic methods, pp. 245-270 in Zootaxa 4851 (2) on pages 266-267, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4851.2.2, http://zenodo.org/record/4407479

Megalestes lieftincki Lahiri, 1979 Megalestes lieftincki Lahiri, 1979: 122–125, figs. 1–4 [Tahlia, Arunachal Pradesh, India]; Asahina 1985b: 11–12, figs. 27–31 [Salari, Kameng, Assam, India]. We did not examine any specimens of this species, since they are difficult to access. According to the figures in the original description in Lahiri (1979), this species resembles M. heros. Asahina (1985b) put character figures of M. lieftincki together with M. heros but provided no figure of the ligula for heros. Asahina (1985b) did not provide a key, and some emphasized characters, such as “disk-shaped” basal tooth of cerci with “bush of hairs” on the apex, actually exist in both species. Only one distinct character separates M. lieftincki from M. heros if the drawings in Lahiri (1979) and Asahina (1985b) are credible, that is, the dorsal side of S10 is flat (rare in Megalestes) in M. lieftincki but swelling in M. heros. M egalestes heros is limited to the Fujian and Zhejiang provinces of China which is about 2000 km away from the type locality of M. lieftincki. This makes it unlikely that M. lieftincki is conspecific with M. heros for which reason we regard it to be a good species. Nonetheless a more detailed description, if possible combined with genetic data, would be valuable., Published as part of Yu, Xin & Xue, Junli, 2020, A review of the damselfly genus Megalestes Selys, 1862 (Insecta: Odonata Zygoptera: Synlestidae) using integrative taxonomic methods, pp. 245-270 in Zootaxa 4851 (2) on page 261, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4851.2.2, http://zenodo.org/record/4407479, {"references":["Lahiri, A. R. (1979) Odonata (Insecta) from different states of north Eastern India. Oriental Insects, 13, 119 - 132. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00305316.1979.10433550","Asahina, S. (1985 b) Contributions to the taxonomic knowledge of the Megalestes species of continental South Asia (Odonata, Synlestidae). Cho-Cho, 8 (10), 1 - 18."]}

Megalestes micans Needham, 1930 (Figs. 3 k–l; 4k–l; 5i, m, w–x, ab; 6i–j) Megalestes micans Needham, 1930: 230–231 [Sichuan]; Asahina 1985b: 8–10; Karube 2014: 73, fig. 1 [Sapa, Lao Cai, Vietnam]; Phan & To 2018: 1–6, figs. 1–3, 10–11, 19–21 [Hoang Lien National Park, Lao Cai, Vietnam]. Megalestes chengi Chao, 1947: 15–25, figs. 2, 4, 6, 8, 10–11, 14, 16–17, 21; Chao 1965: 190–191; Asahina 1985b: 9–12. Syn. nov. Megalestes discus Wilson, 2004: 424–427, figs. 4–8, [Mangshan, Hunan, China]; Wilson & Xu 2007: 102–103, “Nanling, Guangdong,” key to species. Syn. nov. Megalestes raychoudhurii Lahiri, 1987: 54–56, figs. 131–132, 298–299, 519 [Meghalaya, India]. Syn. nov. Megalestes irma [nec. Fraser, 1926]: Gyeltshen et al., 2017: 588–594, fig. 4e–f [Bhutan]. This is the most widespread species of Megalestes, occurring throughout South China (Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Henan, Hunan, Jiangxi, Sichuan, Yunnan, and Zhejiang) extending to Vietnam, Bhutan, and India. It is also the only species distributed on both sides of the Himalayas. The diagnostic character for this mid-sized species is the base of the basal tooth on the paraproct bulged, covered in dense setae (Fig. 6 i-j). This species is closely related to M. riccii, and this was confirmed by molecular analysis (Fig. 7). In the description of M. chengi, Chao (1947) only compared his material with M. heros, a totally different species. Later, Chao (1965) stated that the differences between M. chengi and M. micans included the middle portion of the middle lobe of the pronotum green, not yellow (feature 2), and the base of the basal tooth of the paraproct slightly, but not greatly, bulged (feature 15). However, all these characters occur in intraspecies variation (Discussion section). Although both Chao (1965) and Asahina (1985b) have emphasized that M. chengi was very similar to M. micans, neither author confirmed that they are really the same species. We examined eight of the type specimens of M. chengi deposited in IZAS and IEAS including the holotype and found no evident morphological differences with M. micans. The molecular analyses also suggested that these two are the same species (Fig. 7). Therefore, based on both morphological and molecular evidence (Fig. 8), we confirm that M. chengi is a junior synonym of M. micans. As we have previously discussed, diagnostic characters of M. discus cannot separate it from M. micans. Wilson & Xu (2007) mentioned that M. discus have “inferior appendages without a basal pair of stout spines or robust teeth,” which is incorrect, and “occipital margin with/without transverse yellow spot” (feature 1) supports our opinion that this character is not stable. We examined the diagnostic character photos of the paratype of discus (1 m #, Mangshan (near Babaoshan), Shikengkong, S Hunan, China, 26-VI-2000, K.D.P. Wilson leg.), which were kindly sent by K. D. P. Wilson, and found that all the characters are consistent with M. micans. No further information on M. raychoudhurii has been published after its original description. According to the features of caudal appendages and genital ligula in the original description and figures, there is no difference between M. raychoudhurii and M. micans. We believe that both discus and M. raychoudhurii are junior synonyms of M. micans., Published as part of Yu, Xin & Xue, Junli, 2020, A review of the damselfly genus Megalestes Selys, 1862 (Insecta: Odonata Zygoptera: Synlestidae) using integrative taxonomic methods, pp. 245-270 in Zootaxa 4851 (2) on page 262, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4851.2.2, http://zenodo.org/record/4407479, {"references":["Needham, J. G. (1930) A manual of the dragonflies of China. Peiping: The Fan Memorial Institute of Biology, 227 - 231.","Asahina, S. (1985 b) Contributions to the taxonomic knowledge of the Megalestes species of continental South Asia (Odonata, Synlestidae). Cho-Cho, 8 (10), 1 - 18.","Karube, H. (2014) Vietnamese Odonata collected in 1992 - 2003 surveys. IV. Synlestidae. Tombo, 56, 73 - 76.","Phan, Q. T. & To, V. Q. (2018) The genus Megalestes Selys, 1862 in Vietnam, with first description of female of Megalestes australis Karube, 2014 (Odonata: Zygoptera: Synlestidae). Journal of the International Dragonfly Fund, 111, 1 - 6.","Chao, H. - F. (1947) On the systematic position, nymphal charaters and new species of the genera Megalestes and Sinolestes (Odonata). Biological Bulletin, Fukien Christian University, 6, 15 - 25.","Chao, H. - F. (1965) A study of the Chinese dragonflies of the genus Megalestes Selys, with description of a new species (Odonata: Synlestidae). Acta Zootaxonomica Sinica, 2, 187 - 196.","Wilson, K. D. P. (2004) New Odonata from South China. Odonatologica, 33, 423 - 432.","Wilson, K. D. P. & Xu, Z. F. (2007) Odonata of Guangdong, Hong Kong and Macau, South China, part 1: Zygoptera. International Journal of Odonatology, 10, 87 - 128. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 13887890.2007.9748292","Lahiri, A. R. (1987) Studies on the odonate fauna of Meghalaya. Zoological Survey of India, Calcutta, 1 - 402.","Fraser, F. C. (1926) Two new species of dragonflies from the Darjeeling District. The Journal of the Darjeeling Natural History Society, 1926, 31 - 33.","Gyeltshen, T., Kalkman, V. J. & Orr, A. G. (2017) Honouring His Royal Highness the Crown Prince of Bhutan: Megalestes gyalsey (Odonata: Synlestidae). Zootaxa, 4244 (4), 588 - 594. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4244.4.9"]}

Megalestes omeiensis Chao, 1965 (Figs. 3f; 4f; 5d, q; 6h) Megalestes omeiensis Chao, 1965: 192 [Emeishan, Sichuan] A large-sized species restricted to the western edge of the Sichuan Basin that has not been studied further since its original description. Chao (1965) indicated the holotype (m#, Emeishan, Sichuan, 1955-vi-20, 580– 1100 m, Yang Xingchi leg.) but did not attach a type tag to the specimen. Thus, for a long time, the holotype was unknown until the first author found it as well as two paratypes in IZAS and attached type tags. This species resembles M. heros as they are both the largest species in this genus and have a similar appearance. However, it is easy to distinguish them, in that the terminal lateral lobes of the genital ligula are small and curly in M. omeiensis but very large, like wings, in M. heros., Published as part of Yu, Xin & Xue, Junli, 2020, A review of the damselfly genus Megalestes Selys, 1862 (Insecta: Odonata Zygoptera: Synlestidae) using integrative taxonomic methods, pp. 245-270 in Zootaxa 4851 (2) on page 262, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4851.2.2, http://zenodo.org/record/4407479, {"references":["Chao, H. - F. (1965) A study of the Chinese dragonflies of the genus Megalestes Selys, with description of a new species (Odonata: Synlestidae). Acta Zootaxonomica Sinica, 2, 187 - 196."]}

We used morphological and molecular characters to review the classification of damselflies in the genus Megalestes Selys, 1862 (Zygoptera: Odonata). Several methods were used for this review, including morphology, cladistics, genetic distance analysis, and molecular taxonomy. Six species were newly defined as junior synonyms (Megalestes palaceus to Megalestes haui, Megalestes chengi to Megalestes micans, Megalestes discus to Megalestes micans, Megalestes raychoudhurii to M. micans, Megalestes maai to Megalestes riccii, and Megalestes tuska to M. riccii). The total species number in Megalestes was reduced from 18 to 12. The importance of an objective species diversity measure is discussed.

Megalestes australis Karube, 2014 (Figs. 3a; 4a; 5a, n; 6a) Megalestes australis Karube, 2014: 73–76, fig. 3 [Bach Ma National Park, Thua Thien Hue, Vietnam]; Phan & To 2018: 1–6, figs. 7–9, 14–18, 25–27 [Tay Giang, Quang Nam; Bach Ma National Park, Thua Thien Hue, Vietnam]. This is a relatively large Vietnam endemic species, somewhat resembling M. heros and M. distans in the shape of appendages but unique in the shape of the genital ligula with relatively long and thin horns (Fig. 4a, n). Its species status was supported by molecular analyses (Fig. 7)., Published as part of Yu, Xin & Xue, Junli, 2020, A review of the damselfly genus Megalestes Selys, 1862 (Insecta: Odonata Zygoptera: Synlestidae) using integrative taxonomic methods, pp. 245-270 in Zootaxa 4851 (2) on page 258, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4851.2.2, http://zenodo.org/record/4407479, {"references":["Karube, H. (2014) Vietnamese Odonata collected in 1992 - 2003 surveys. IV. Synlestidae. Tombo, 56, 73 - 76.","Phan, Q. T. & To, V. Q. (2018) The genus Megalestes Selys, 1862 in Vietnam, with first description of female of Megalestes australis Karube, 2014 (Odonata: Zygoptera: Synlestidae). Journal of the International Dragonfly Fund, 111, 1 - 6."]}

Megalestes distans Needham, 1930 (Figs. 3c, d; 4c, d; 5b, o; 6b) Megalestes distans Needham, 1930: 231–232 [Guangxi, Sichuan]; Chao 1965: 189–190, figs. 9–11 [Emeishan, Sichuan, China]; Asahina 1969: 192–197, figs. 1–8 [Hubei, Sichuan]. This is a large, endemic Chinese species with a relatively wide distribution range, including Chongqing, Gansu, Guizhou, Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangxi, Sichuan, and Yunnan. The body size and color pattern are quite consistent throughout all populations. Cerci are special with the apex extended and the basal prominence long, cylindrical, foot-like (Fig. 3 c–d). The end of the genital ligula has terminal lateral lobes largely divergent and up-curved at the tips (Fig. 5o). The basal teeth on paraprocts varied slightly among populations (Fig. 4 c–d). Needham (1930) stated that his specimens came from both Guangxi and Sichuan. We checked through his original descriptions and could not find any localities belonging to Guangxi, but the species is present in Sichuan with Yu Chi Valley as the type locality. Wilson & Reels (2003) reported several specimens from Guangxi. However, the figures and descriptions were not consistent with our specimens nor were they like those from Needham (1930), Chao (1965), or Asahina (1969). Therefore, we do not believe that M. distans occurs in Guangxi., Published as part of Yu, Xin & Xue, Junli, 2020, A review of the damselfly genus Megalestes Selys, 1862 (Insecta: Odonata Zygoptera: Synlestidae) using integrative taxonomic methods, pp. 245-270 in Zootaxa 4851 (2) on page 258, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4851.2.2, http://zenodo.org/record/4407479, {"references":["Needham, J. G. (1930) A manual of the dragonflies of China. Peiping: The Fan Memorial Institute of Biology, 227 - 231.","Chao, H. - F. (1965) A study of the Chinese dragonflies of the genus Megalestes Selys, with description of a new species (Odonata: Synlestidae). Acta Zootaxonomica Sinica, 2, 187 - 196.","Asahina, S. (1969) Notes on Chinese Odonata II, the Odonata of Metasequoia expedition. Kontyu, 37, 192 - 201.","Wilson, K. D. P. & Reels, G. T. (2003) Odonata of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China, Part 1: Zygoptera. Odonatologica, 32, 237 - 279."]}

Megalestes kurahashii Asahina, 1985 (Figs. 3g; 4g; 5t; 6d) Megalestes kurahashii Asahina, 1985a: 2–11 [Thailand]; Asahina 1985b: 12–13 [Assam, India]. This is the first formal record of this species from China. It is unique in that the shape of the paraproct apex is flat and broad, decorated with some strong setae giving the appearance of a brush. To date, this species has only been reported from India, Thailand, and Yunnan, China. However, it is quite possible that it may also occur in Myanmar and Vietnam., Published as part of Yu, Xin & Xue, Junli, 2020, A review of the damselfly genus Megalestes Selys, 1862 (Insecta: Odonata Zygoptera: Synlestidae) using integrative taxonomic methods, pp. 245-270 in Zootaxa 4851 (2) on page 261, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4851.2.2, http://zenodo.org/record/4407479, {"references":["Asahina, S. (1985 a) A list of the Odonata recorded from Thailand, Part IX. Synlestidae and Amphipterygidae. Cho-Cho, 8 (9), 2 - 11.","Asahina, S. (1985 b) Contributions to the taxonomic knowledge of the Megalestes species of continental South Asia (Odonata, Synlestidae). Cho-Cho, 8 (10), 1 - 18."]}

Megalestes heros Needham, 1930 (Fig. 3e; 4e; 5c, p; 6g) Megalestes heros Needham, 1930: 229–230 [Fujian, Sichuan]; Asahina 1985b: 11, 13, figs. 32–33 [Guadun, Fujian]. Megalestes suensoni Asahina, 1956: 213–216, figs. 12–14 [Tien-Mu-Shan, Chekiang]; Chao 1965, proposed a junior synonym. This is a large, endemic Chinese species mainly occurring in Fujian and Zhejiang. Needham (1930) did not provide any figures for this species. Asahina (1956) described M. suensoni on base of a female specimen from Tianmushan, Zhejiang. After carefully studying another female specimen collected from the type locality of M. suensoni Chao (1965) believed it was a junior synonym of M. heros, which was finally accepted by Asahina (1985b). Chao (1965) also doubted one of the type specimen of M. heros (the teneral male from Sichuan) was true of this species. We have explored Sichuan for many years and have never found M. heros, but the similar-sized species M. omeiensis is present. We agree with Chao (1965) to believe that Needham confused these two species in his original study., Published as part of Yu, Xin & Xue, Junli, 2020, A review of the damselfly genus Megalestes Selys, 1862 (Insecta: Odonata Zygoptera: Synlestidae) using integrative taxonomic methods, pp. 245-270 in Zootaxa 4851 (2) on page 260, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4851.2.2, http://zenodo.org/record/4407479, {"references":["Needham, J. G. (1930) A manual of the dragonflies of China. Peiping: The Fan Memorial Institute of Biology, 227 - 231.","Asahina, S. (1985 b) Contributions to the taxonomic knowledge of the Megalestes species of continental South Asia (Odonata, Synlestidae). Cho-Cho, 8 (10), 1 - 18.","Asahina, S. (1956) Dragonflies from West Tien-Mu-Shan, Central China. Entomologiske Meddelelser, 27, 204 - 228.","Chao, H. - F. (1965) A study of the Chinese dragonflies of the genus Megalestes Selys, with description of a new species (Odonata: Synlestidae). Acta Zootaxonomica Sinica, 2, 187 - 196."]}

The Synlestidae (Odonata: Zygoptera) of southern Africa comprise some highly localized species. All but one species are endemic to South Africa, and many to the Cape Floristic Region. Here we present the first phylogenetic reconstruction of the southern African Synlestidae using nuclear and mitochondrial molecular data. The genera Ecchlorolestes and Chlorolestes are monophyletic, and we propose that the Neotropical family Perilestidae consisting of two genera, Perilestes and Perissolestes, be sunk within Synlestidae. We discuss the intra-familial relationships for the southern African Synlestidae.

A new synlestid zygopteran, Madres delpueblo n. gen. n. sp., is described from the middle Eocene of Río Pichileufú, Patagonia, Argentina. The new genus is characterised by wing characters such as the discoidal cell narrow and long; Ax2 aligned with the arculus; MP distinctly curved after its origin; CuP+AA fused to the hind margin half of the length of the discoidal cell; CuP closer to Ax2 than to Ax1. Needle damselflies or Malachites are represented in other two Patagonian Eocene localities, by nymphs and adults. The new genus enlarges the fossil record of Lestomorpha in Argentina to four extinct genera: Promegalestes, Austroperilestes, Inacayalestes and Madres n. gen. versus two Recent ones: Lestes and Archilestes. Fil: Petrulevicius, Julian Fernando. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo. División Paleozoología Invertebrados; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata; Argentina

Megalestes gyalsey sp. nov. (Figs 1–4) Material examined. Holotype ♂. Bhutan, Trongsa District, along Wangdue – Trongsa Highway, (27.457N, 90.368E; 2450 m a.s.l.), 17.x.2015, leg. T. Gyeltshen & V.J. Kalkman. The type is stored at the collection of the National Biodiversity Centre, Bhutan (NBCB-00252). DNA material is stored at the collection of the RMNH (RMNH.5015087). The species was present at a small brook running through deciduous forest and was caught at a small open area where the brook reached the road verge (Fig. 2). Etymology. The specific epithet gyalsey, is a noun in apposition. The species is named in honour of His Royal Highness Crown Prince of Bhutan, The Gyalsey, Jigme Namgyel Wangchuck, on the occasion of his first birthday. Description of holotype male. Head: Labium pale yellow. Head shining metallic coppery green with pale yellow markings on anterior corners of labrum, mandibles except upper anterior corner, and genae directly adjacent to mandibles. Antennae black, ocelli pale. Posterior part of head, behind ocelli, matt greyish black. Thorax: Pronotum with central two-thirds of both anterior and posterior lobe yellow, remainder metallic greenish to black. Posterior lobe normally developed, lacking specialised processes or excavations. Side of prothorax metallic greenish to black with lower margin adjacent to coxa a U-shaped yellow area. Synthorax intense metallic green on dorsum and sides, covering entire mesepimeron and most of mesinfraepisternum apart from a small yellow mark at posteroventral corner. Metepisternum and metepimeron largely yellow but with broad metallic green band along suture reaching to half breadth of spiracle and continued as dull black in most of anterior part of metainfraepisternum (Fig. 3). Coxae and trochanters of first two pairs of legs largely yellow, coxae and trochanters of third pair of legs yellow with large black patch as shown in Fig. 3. Remainder of legs black. Wings: Membrane tinted light brownish amber, venation dark brown to black; pterostigma dark brown to black, narrow, elongate and slightly expanded in middle, extending over 3–4 cells. Wing base petiolated to about halfway between Ax1 and Ax2. Right Fw has 3 Ax, all other wings have 2 Ax. Px 18 in the Fw; 15–17 in Hw. Abdomen:Largely dark with slight metallic green sheen, darker posteriorly; S1 and especially S2 bright metallic green dorsally and laterally. Ventral half of side of S1 and ventral third of S2 pale yellow. Dorsum of segments 9–10 pale pruinose blue. Anal appendages black and shaped as in Fig 4a–b. Cerci longer than S10, basally broad with a short, blunt, posteriorly directed finger-like process on the interior, remainder of interior margin smooth and lacking spines. In lateral view apical third bent downward and apex bifurcated with rounded upper process and slightly longer narrow acute lower process. Paraprocts a little over half as long as cerci, each with broad base, especially distinctive in lateral view, narrowing halfway and with apical half forming a strong, narrow, apically pointed finger-like process; tips slightly divergent in dorsal view. Measurements (mm): total length 58; abdomen 47.5, Fw 36; Hw 35. Female Unknown. Differential diagnosis. Megalestes and Sinolestes are the only damselfly genera in mainland Asia with a pterostigma that is at least twice as long as broad, a metallic green colouration and a total length of over 50 mm. The only genus matching the first two characters is Lestes, but the species of that genus are smaller and have R4 and Ir3 originating well proximal of the subnodus (at the subnodus in Megalestes and Sinolestes). Megalestes gyalsey can best separated from all other species of Megalestes and Sinolestes based on its anal appendages: the paraprocts are slightly over half the length of the cerci and have a relatively simple structure with the apical half consisting of a strong apically pointed gently curved finger-like process and lacking small upcurved spines. Figure 4c–f shows the anal appendages of Megalestes major and M. irma, the two other species of the genus known from Bhutan.

Gyeltshen, T., Kalkman, V. J., Orr, A. G. (2017): Honouring His Royal Highness the Crown Prince of Bhutan: Megalestes gyalsey (Odonata: Synlestidae). Zootaxa 4244 (4): 588-594, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4244.4.9

Se describe un nuevo género, Inacayalestes gen. nov., basado en Inacayalestes aikunhuapi sp. nov. de la localidad de Nahuel Huapi Este (Ypresiano), Provincia de Neuquén, Patagonia, Argentina. El nuevo género se asigna a Synlestidae y parece estar relacionado con Ecchlorolestes Barnard, 1937 y Synlestes Selys, 1868, ambos géneros del Hemisferio Sur, de Sudáfrica y Australia, respectivamente. El nuevo género amplía el registro de Lestomorpha en Argentina a tres géneros fósiles: Promegalestes Petrulevičius & Nel, 2004, Austroperilestes Petrulevičius & Nel, 2005 e Inacayalestes gen. nov., mientras que se registran dos géneros actuales, Lestes Leach, 1815 y Archilestes Selys, 1862., A new lestoid genus, Inacayalestes gen. nov., based on Inacayalestes aikunhuapi sp. nov. is described from Nahuel Huapi Este locality (Ypresian), Neuquén province, Patagonia, Argentina. The new genus is assigned to Synlestidae and seems to be related to Ecchlorolestes Barnard, 1937 and Synlestes Selys, 1868, both genera from Southern Hemisphere, from South Africa and Australia, respectively. The new genus enlarges the record of Lestomorpha in Argentina to three fossil genera: Promegalestes Petrulevičius & Nel, 2004, Austroperilestes Petrulevičius & Nel, 2005, and Inacayalestes gen. nov., whereas two extant genera are present: Lestes Leach, 1815 and Archilestes Selys, 1862., Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo

Megalestes gyalsey spec. nov. is described from a single male from Trongsa District in Bhutan. The species was discovered during field work conducted in 2015 for the Bhutan invertebrate biodiversity project. The species is named in honour of His Royal Highness Crown Prince Jigme Namgyel Wangchuck, the Gyalsey of Bhutan, on the occasion of his first birthday.

Dijkstra, Klaas-Douwe B., Kalkman, Vincent J., Dow, Rory A., Stokvis, Frank R., Tol, Jan Van (2014): Redefining the damselfly families: a comprehensive molecular phylogeny of Zygoptera (Odonata). Supporting Information Table 2: List of analysed samples. Systematic Entomology 39 (1): 1-10, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6652900

Ecchlorolestes nylephtha (Barnard) 1937 Dijkstra, K.-D.B. RMNH South Africa Eastern Cape 229165 25925502 KF369708 KF370107 ODOPH342-13, Published as part of Dijkstra, Klaas-Douwe B., Kalkman, Vincent J., Dow, Rory A., Stokvis, Frank R. & Tol, Jan Van, 2014, Redefining the damselfly families: a comprehensive molecular phylogeny of Zygoptera (Odonata). Supporting Information Table 2: List of analysed samples., pp. 1-10 in Systematic Entomology 39 (1) on page 10, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.6652900

Megalestes sp. Kalkman, V.J. RMNH China Guăngxī 229194 25925492 KF369775 KF370174 KF369437 ODOPH343-13, Published as part of Dijkstra, Klaas-Douwe B., Kalkman, Vincent J., Dow, Rory A., Stokvis, Frank R. & Tol, Jan Van, 2014, Redefining the damselfly families: a comprehensive molecular phylogeny of Zygoptera (Odonata). Supporting Information Table 2: List of analysed samples., pp. 1-10 in Systematic Entomology 39 (1) on page 10, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.6652900

Synlestes selysi Tillyard 1917 Kalkman, V.J. RMNH Australia Queensland 505293 30102325 KF369914 KF370313 KF369554 ODOPH346-13, Published as part of Dijkstra, Klaas-Douwe B., Kalkman, Vincent J., Dow, Rory A., Stokvis, Frank R. & Tol, Jan Van, 2014, Redefining the damselfly families: a comprehensive molecular phylogeny of Zygoptera (Odonata). Supporting Information Table 2: List of analysed samples., pp. 1-10 in Systematic Entomology 39 (1) on page 10, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.6652900

Episynlestes albicauda (Tillyard) 1913 Kalkman, V.J. RMNH Australia Queensland 505246 30102319 KF369717 KF370116 ODOPH113-13 Coenagrionidae Episynlestes albicauda (Tillyard) 1913 Kalkman, V.J. RMNH Australia Queensland 505303 30102324 KF369718 KF370117 ODOPH114-13, Published as part of Dijkstra, Klaas-Douwe B., Kalkman, Vincent J., Dow, Rory A., Stokvis, Frank R. & Tol, Jan Van, 2014, Redefining the damselfly families: a comprehensive molecular phylogeny of Zygoptera (Odonata). Supporting Information Table 2: List of analysed samples., pp. 1-10 in Systematic Entomology 39 (1) on page 4, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.6652900

Synlestes weyersii Selys 1869 Kalkman, V.J. RMNH Australia New South Wales 504868 30102312 KF369915 KF370314 KF369555 ODOPH347-13, Published as part of Dijkstra, Klaas-Douwe B., Kalkman, Vincent J., Dow, Rory A., Stokvis, Frank R. & Tol, Jan Van, 2014, Redefining the damselfly families: a comprehensive molecular phylogeny of Zygoptera (Odonata). Supporting Information Table 2: List of analysed samples., pp. 1-10 in Systematic Entomology 39 (1) on page 10, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.6652900

Chlorolestes fasciatus (Burmeister) 1839 Dijkstra, K.-D.B. RMNH South Africa border of Mpumalanga and KwaZulu Natal 229156 25925293 KF369666 KF370064 ODOPH340-13, Published as part of Dijkstra, Klaas-Douwe B., Kalkman, Vincent J., Dow, Rory A., Stokvis, Frank R. & Tol, Jan Van, 2014, Redefining the damselfly families: a comprehensive molecular phylogeny of Zygoptera (Odonata). Supporting Information Table 2: List of analysed samples., pp. 1-10 in Systematic Entomology 39 (1) on page 10, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.6652900

Chlorolestes umbratus Hagen in Selys 1862 Dijkstra, K.-D.B. RMNH South Africa border of Western and Eastern Cape 229158 25925210 KF369667 KF370065 ODOPH341-13, Published as part of Dijkstra, Klaas-Douwe B., Kalkman, Vincent J., Dow, Rory A., Stokvis, Frank R. & Tol, Jan Van, 2014, Redefining the damselfly families: a comprehensive molecular phylogeny of Zygoptera (Odonata). Supporting Information Table 2: List of analysed samples., pp. 1-10 in Systematic Entomology 39 (1) on page 10, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.6652900

Epipleoneura lamina Williamson 1915 Faasen, T. RMNH Peru Tamshiyacu-Tahuayo Reserve 501870 25924899 KF369716 KF370115 KF369385 ODOPH112-13, Published as part of Dijkstra, Klaas-Douwe B., Kalkman, Vincent J., Dow, Rory A., Stokvis, Frank R. & Tol, Jan Van, 2014, Redefining the damselfly families: a comprehensive molecular phylogeny of Zygoptera (Odonata). Supporting Information Table 2: List of analysed samples., pp. 1-10 in Systematic Entomology 39 (1) on page 4, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.6652900

The information available on the larvae of Australian Synlestidae is summarised. The larvae of Episynlestes albicauda (Tillyard), E. cristatus Watson and Moulds, E. intermedius Theischinger and Watson, Synlestes selysi Tillyard, S. tropicus Tillyard and the three subspecies of S. weyersii Selys (S. w. weyersii, S. w. nigrescens Tillyard and S. w. tillyardi Fraser) are described, and further details are given of the larva of Chorismagrion risi Morton. The final instar larvae of Australian Synlestidae are keyed.

SYNLESTIDAE Phylolestes Christiansen, 1948 Phylolestes ethelae Christiansen, 1948:258. Westfall, 1976:67; Flint et al., 2006:73 *H, *DR, Published as part of Perez-Gelabert, Daniel E., 2008, Arthropods of Hispaniola (Dominican Republic and Haiti): A checklist and bibliography, pp. 1-530 in Zootaxa 1831 (1) on page 286, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1831.1.1

K.D.P. Wilson (2004): New Odonata from South-China. Odonatologica 33 (4): 423-432, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.3375618, {"references":["ASAHINA, S., 1985. A list of the Odonata recorded from Thailand. Part V. Platycnemididae 2 (Calicnemia and Indocnemis). Cho Cho 8(1): 2-12.","ASAHINA, S., 1997. Records of the northern Vietnamese Odonata taken by the expedition members from the National Science Museum, Tokyo. 5. Coenagrionidae, Protoneuridae and Platycnemididae. Bull, natn. Sci. Mus., Tokyo (A) 23(1): 17-34.","FRASER, F.C., 1934. Fauna o f British India, including Ceylon and Burma. Odonata, Vol. 2, Taylor & Francis, London.","FRASER, F.C., 1936. Fauna o fBritish India, including Ceylon and Burma. Odonata, Vol 3, Taylor & Francis, London.","HAMALAINEN, M. & H. KARUBE, 2001a. Two new species of Caloptera damselflies from southern Vietnam (Zygoptera: Chlorocyphidae, Euphaeidae). Odonatologica 30(2): 209-215.","HAMALAINEN, M. & H. KARUBE, 2001b. Rhinocypha orea spec, nov., a new damselfly from Vietnam (Odonata: Chlorocyphidae). Zool. Meded. Leiden 75: 405-408.","LAHIRI, A.R., 1979. Odonata (Insecta) from different States of North Eastern India. Oriental Insects 13(1/2): 119-132.","LIEFTINCK, M.A., 1948. Entomological results from the Swedish expedition 1934 to Burma and British India. Ark. Zool. (A)41(10): 1-23, 8 figs, 1 map.","LIEFTINCK, M.A., 1984. Further notes on the specific characters of Calicnemia Strand, with a key to the males and remarks on some larval forms (Zygoptera: Platycnemididae). Odonatologica 13(3): 351-375.","WILSON, K.D.P., 1997. Rhipidolestes from Guangdong and Hong Kong, with a description of R. janetae spec. nov. (Zygoptera: Megapodagrionidae). Odonatologica 26(3): 329-335.","WILSON, K.D.P., 2000. Distributional notes on the genus Rhipidolestes, with descriptions of two new species from South China (Zygoptera: Megapodagrionidae). Odonatologica 29(1): 45-50.","WILSON, K.D.P. & G.T. REELS, 2001. Odonata of Hainan, China. Odonatologica 30(2): 145-208.","WILSON, K.D.P. & G.T. REELS, 2003. Odonata of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China, part I, Zygoptera. Odonatologica 32(3): 237-279."]}

The enigmatic species Eolestes syntheticus Cockerell, 1940, from the Early Eocene of North America, previously attributed to the lestoid family Synlestidae, is re-examined in light of the discovery of new material from the Middle Eocene Kishenehn Formation in northwestern Montana. E. syntheticus and a new species, Eolestes ramosus sp. n. , are attributed to a new family Eolestidae fam. n.. In addition, a new genus and species very closely related to Lestidae but assigned to family unknown, Lutetialestes uniformis sp. n., is described from the Kishenehn Formation.

A.R. Lahiri (1979): Odonata (Insecta) from Different States of North Eastern India. Oriental Insects 13: 119-132, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3516933, {"references":["Asahina , S. 1952-1953. Dragonflies: 291-230, fi gs. In Kihara, H. Fauna and flora o f Nepal Himalaya 1.","Asahina , S. 1967. A revision of the Asiatic species of Ceriagrion (Odonata : Agrionidae). Jap. J. Zool., 15(3): 255-334.","Fraser , F. C. 1933, 1934 and 1936. Fauna of British India, including Ceylon and Burma. Odonata, 1 : xiii+418 pp., figs., 2 : xix+ 398 pp., figs. & 4 pis., 3 : x i+ 4 6 1. pp., figs. & 2 pis.","Lahiri, A. R ., Mitna , T . R . & Raychaudhury , D .N . 1972. Female of Crocothemls indica Sahni. B ull. Ent. 11(2): 182.","Lahiri, A . R . 1977. On a collection of Odonata from Manipur with the new records. Rec. Zool. Surv. India 72 : 409-418.","Lieftinck , M.A. 1948. Entomological Records from the Swedish expedition 1934 to Burma and British India. Ark. Zool. 41A (10): 1-23.","Lieftinck , M.A. 1954. Handlist of Malaysian Odonata. Treubia 22 (Suppl.) : xiii + 1-202.","Lieftinck , M.A. 1971. Odonata from Ceylon,Ent. Scand. Suppl. 1 : 180-207.","Lieftinck , M.A. 1976. Ergebnisse der Bhutan-Expedition 1972 des Naturhistorischen Museums in Basel. Odonata. Entomologica Basilensia 2 : 11-37.","Mitra, T. R. 1975. On a collection of Odonata from Manipur (India): Ent. News 86 (9-10) : 213-216.","Sahni, D.N. 1965. Studies on the Odonata (Anisoptera) of Nainital. Indian J. Ent. 27(3): 277-287.","St. Quentin , V. D. 1970. Odonata aus Nepal. Khumbu H imal. 3(3): 389-411:"]}

Episynlestes albicauda (Tillyard) Synlestes albicauda Tillyard, 1913: 738 -241 [♂,♀. M t Tambourine (= Tamborine Mt), Queensland]. Episynlestes albicauda: Kennedy, 1920: 84 (recte albicauda). Material examined.- QUEENSLAND: 1 ♂, Bouldercombe. Rockhampton, xi.1955, c. Vallis: 6 ♂ ♂, St Mary's Falls, near Rockhampton, 26.xi.1956, C. Vallis; 2 ♂ ♂, 1 ♀, same locality and collector, i.1957; 1, ♂, Baldwin Swamp, Bundaberg, 14.x.1972, H. Frauca: 1 ♀, Water Filly Gorge, Bluff Range, Biggenden, 21.x.1972, H. Frauca; 1 ♀ ', Bluff Range 7 km Biggenden, 10-12.v.1974, H. Frauca; 1 ♂. Rocky Gully 5 kin Kenilworth, 15.iii.1975, R. A. Barrett; 1 ♂, Mapleton Falls, Blackall Range, 25.ix.1955. R. Dobson; 2 ♂ ♂, 1 ♀, Tamborine Mt. 28.xii.1912 - 3.i.1913. R. J. Tillyard (paralectotypes)); 1 ♀, same locality, 29.xii.1954. R. Dobson. (All in ANIC). Measurements Hind wing~.-Average length, male, 29.8 mm (range 28.1-31.5 mm); female, 31.5 mm (range 29.9-33.1 mm). Pterostigma.- Average length, male. fore wing 1.88 mm (range 1.70-2.06mm), hind wing 2.14 mm (range 1.98-2.30 mm);female, fore wing 1.96rnni (range 1.86-2.10mm), hind wing 2.23mm (range 2.08-2.48 mm). Comparisons between the two species of Episynlestes Diagnosis E. cristatus is significantly smaller than E. albicauda. The males of E. cristatus can be distinguished in addition by the dissimilar quadrilaterals of the fore and hind wing, the more proximal petiolation of the hind wing, the subdivision of the radial field behind the pterostigma into small, pigmented cells and the substantial, crested upper branch of the superior appendage. The females of the two species resemble one another closely. but the smaller pterostigmata of E. cristatus appear to be diagnostic. Habitats The habitats of the two species appear to be very similar. Tillyard (1913) described the habitat of E. albicauda in the rain forest on Tarnborine Mt, a densely shaded area in which the sombre coloration of the insects provided an extremely effective camouflage. E. cristatus is similarly associated with small streams in rain forest, although it may occur in shaded situations along more open watercourses, as along the McLeod River. Like E. albicauda, it is well camouflaged, both perched and in flight; as is common among chlorolestids, flight may be rapid, but is rarely sustained, and specimens can be gathered by hand., Published as part of Moulds, J. A. L. Watson and M. S., 1977, A Second Species Of Episynlestes Kennedy (Odonata: Chlorolestidae) From North Queensland, pp. 257-259 in J. Aust. ent. Soc. 16 on pages 258-259, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.3247390, {"references":["TILLYARD, R. J. (1913). - Some descriptions of new forms of Australian Odonata. Proc. Lim. Soc. N. S. W. 38: 229 - 241.","KENNEDY, C. H. (1920). - Forty-two hitherto unrecognized genera and subgenera of Zygoptera. Ohio J. Sri. 21: 83 - 88."]}

Episynlestes cristatus sp. n. (Figs 1 - 4) Episynlestes “c” Watson, 1974: sp. 142. Types. - Holotype ♂, allotype ♀: “N. Queensland Paluma (Mt Spec) 2900 ‘ 6-11.i.1968 R. Dobson ”, in copula (ANIC Type No. 9865) (in Australian National Insect Collection, CSIRO, Canberra). Paratypes: QUEENSLAND: 4 ♂ ♂, 5 ♀.’, McLeod River near junction with Spurgeon Creek, 23.xii.1974, M. S. Moulds (Australian Museum); 1♂, Mt Misery W of Mossman, 22.xii.1974, M. S. Moulds (Australian Museum); 1 ♂ 8-13 km Mt Lewis road off Mossman-Mt Molioy road. 22.iv.1967, D. H. Colless (ANIC); 1 ♂, Henrietta Creek, Palmerston National Park, 23.iv.1970. S. R.Curtis (ANIC): 1♀;, M t Spec, 1.i.1958, C. Vallis (ANIC); 16 ♂ ♂, 1 ♀, data as for holotype (ANIC); 1 ♀, Paluma, 6.i.1969, J. G. Brooks and E. E. Adams (ANIC). , Male Colour pattern closely similar to that of Episynlestes albicauda. Head.-Labium yellowish; labrum metallic greenish brown with pale anterior spot in midline; clypeus brown with dark metallic green reflections;frons dark reddish brown with traces of metallic green; antennae pale yellow basally, distal half of second segment and flagellum dark brown. cuticle surrounding antenna1 insertion yellowish; vertex dark metallic green: occiput dull, dark grey with yellowish diagonal band across postocular lobe towards occipital margin; back of head yellowish. of Prothorax yellow with brownish green dorsal band, darkest o n posterior lobe and centre median lobe: pleuron black with slight metallic reflections. Synthorax yellow; mesepisternum dark metallic green above; dorsal carina almost black; lateral dark metallic greenish black band extending diagonally from propleuron to base of hind wing, finely broken along interpleural suture. Legs yellow, shaded darker on inner surfaces. spines and tibial comb dark brown; blackish spot a t femoro-tibia1 articulation; tarsal segments and claws reddish brown. Wings (Figs 1,2).-Average length of hind wing 27.3 m m (range 26.1-28.8 mm), hyaline, veins black; venation generally similar to that of Episynlestes albicauda; pterostigma dark brown, short. its costal side averaging 1.52mm (range 1.38-1.60 mm) in fore wing, 1.77 mm (range 1.56-1.90nim) in hind wing; variable brown spot obscuring two to three small cells between R, and R, behind pterostigma (Fig.2), larger in fore wing than in hind wing. sometimes much reduced or absent in hind wing: quadrilateral cell normal in fore wing, but much shortened and broadened in hind wing. associated with abrupt broadening of hind wing just beyond level of basal antenodal, and corresponding increase in length of anal vein (Fig. 1). Abdomen dark brownish black; anterior half of segment 1 pale yellow above: segments 1 and 2 yellow below: segments 3-7 with narrow pale yellow basal band expanded ventrally and broken by black mid-dorsal line,yellow of segment 7duller and less distinct than that of segments 3-6: anteriorsegment 8partly yellowish below; segments 9 and 10 black, distal margin of segment 10 deeply excised to accommodate expanded bases of superior appendages (Fig. 3). Anal appendages (Figs. 3, 4).-Superior appendages highly modified, with heavy, upwardly-directed basal black process, and long, slender, trifurcate whitish to yellow lower branch: upper black branches rising approximately 1 mm above dorsal surface of segment 10, their apices converging towards midline, each bearing crest of black setae approximately 0.8mm long, the crests interlocking at their bases; lower branches approximately 3.5 mm long, outer member of each longer than inner member, with apex slightly swollen, converging towards midline; bifurcate inner members shorter, approaching midline. inner, lower fork sharply pointed, longer than outer, upper, blunter fork. Inferior appendages vestigial. Female Colour pattern of head and thorax generally similar to that of male, but with dark metallic green of mesepisternum greatly reduced, forming isolated greenish patch on each side, surrounded by brownish yellow margin; pterostigmata slightly larger and yellowish-brown, much paler than in male, average costal length in fore wing 1.62mm (range 1.56-1.64mm) and in hind wing 1.89 mm (range.84- 1.92 mm). lacking 1 the adjoining dark spots and associated small cells; mean length of hind wing 29.5 mm (range 28.8-30.2mm): quadrilateral cell of hind wing similar to that of fore wing, the petiolation of hind wing commencing at level of of arculus; segment 10 abdomen white., Published as part of Moulds, J. A. L. Watson and M. S., 1977, A Second Species Of Episynlestes Kennedy (Odonata: Chlorolestidae) From North Queensland, pp. 257-259 in J. Aust. ent. Soc. 16 on pages 257-258, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.3247390, {"references":["WATSON, J. A. L. (1974). - The distributions of the Australian dragonflies (Odonata). J. Aust. ent. Soc. 13: 137 - 149."]}

G. Theischinger, J.A.L. Watson (1985): The Genus Episynlestes Kennedy (Odonata: Synlestidae). Australian Journal of Entomology 24: 143-148, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3515948, {"references":["Chao, H. F. (1953 )- The external morphology of the dragonfly Onychogomphus ardens Needham . Smithson, misc. Colins 122(6): 1-56.","Davies , D. A. L. (1981)- A synopsis of the extant genera of Odonata. Soc. int. Odonatol. rapid Comm. 4: 1- 66.","Fraser , F . C. (1957)- A reclassification of the order Odonata. Royal Zoological Society of New South Wales: Sydney.","Fraser, F. C. (1960)- A handbook of the dragonflies of Australasia. Royal Zoological Society of New Soulh Wales: Sydney.","Kennedy , C. H. ( 1920a)- Forty-two hitherto unrecognized genera and subgenera of Zygoptera. Ohio J. Sci. 21: 83-88.","Kennedy , C. H. (1920b)- The phylogeny of the zygopterous dragonflies as based on the evidence of the penis. Ohio J. Sci. 21: 19-29.","O'Farrell, A. F. (1970)- Odonata (dragonflies and damselflies). In CSIRO (Ed.). The insects of Australia. Melbourne University Press: Melbourne.","O'Farrell, A. F. and Watson, J. A. L. (1974)- Odonata (dragonflies and damselflies). In CSIRO (Ed.). The insects of Australia supplement 1974. Melbourne University Press: Melbourne.","de Selys , E. (1862)- Synopsis des Agrionines, troisieme legion: Podagrion. Reprinted from Bull. Acad. r. Belg. 14.","de Selys , E. (1869)- In Comptes-rendus des seances de la societe entomologique de Belgique: Assemblee mensuelle du 4 avril 1868. Annls Soc. ent. Belg. 11: lxxvi-lxxviii.","Theischinger , G. and Watson , J. A. L. (1979)- Odonata from Carnarvon Gorge, Queensland. Aust. ent. Mag. 6: 25-28.","Tillyard , R. J. (1913)- Some descriptions of new forms of A ustralian Odonata. Proc. Linn. Soc. N .S.W . 38: 229-241.","Tillyard , R. J. (1917)- The biology of dragonflies ( Odonata or Paraneuroptera). Cambridge University Press: Cambridge.","Watson , J. A. L. (1969)- Australasian dragonflies described by R. J. Tillyard, with the location of types and the designation of lectotypes. J. Aust. ent. Soc. 8: 153-160.","Watson , J. A. L. (1974)- The distributions of the Australian dragonflies (Odonata). J. Aust. ent. Soc. 13: 137-149.","Watson , J. A. L. (1977)- The distributions of the Australian dragonflies (Odonata): first supplem ent. J. Aust. ent. Soc. 16: 277-279.","Watson , J . A. L . and Moulds , M . S. (1977)- A second species of Episynlestes Kennedy (Odonata: Chlorolestidae) from north Queensland. J. Aust. ent. Soc. 16: 257-259.","Watson , J. A. L. and Theischinger , G. (1984)- Regions of taxonomic disjunction in Australian Odonata and other freshwater insects. Odonatologica 13: 147-157."]}

Episynlestes intermedius sp. n. (Figs 1, 5, 9, 13-17) Episynlestes sp. near E. cristatus: Watson and Theischinger, 1984: 150. Types— Holotype ♂, Queensland: Finch Hatton Gorge, 14-15.xi. 1982, L. Muller & G. Theischinger [in Australian National Insect Collection (ANIC), CSIRO, Canberra (ANIC Type No. 9886)]. Paratypes: 2 ♂, 2 ♀ teneral adults, 5 last-instar larval skins, same data as holotype (ANIC and Theischinger collection) Male . Male Dimensions — Fore wing length 32.5-33.5 mm; hind wing length 31.0-32.0 mm; length of abdomen with appendages 49.0- 51.0 mm. Colour pattern closely similar to those of E. albicauda and E. cristatus. Head — Labium whitish to greyish yellow; labrum metallic green-black; mandible whitish to yellowish green with dark brown upper and lower margins; anteclypeus dull white with 1-2 greyish to blackish brown marks on each side; postclypeus, frons, vertex, occiput and outer part of gena metallic green-black, inner part of gena adjacent to mandible pale yellowish green; scape and basal half of pedicel yellowish white, rest of antenna black; cuticle surrounding antennal socket yellowish to greenish white; back of head dull yellow. Cervix andprothorax — Cervical sclerites whitish to dull yellow. C entral pronotum brown with green or grey tones, darkest medially, in anterior furrow and on posterior lobe, paling peripherally to yellow-brown margin in front and at sides; pleural sclerites green-black; coxa and trochanter pale yellow; femur yellowish to dark greyish brown, its apex dark brow n to black; tibia and tarsus greyish yellow to greyish brown, spines and tibial comb black; claws reddish brown. Synthorax — Mesostigmatic lamina brownish black; collar largely brownish yellow; mesanepisternum metallic green-black except for yellowish brown humeral stripe along lower four-fifths of mesopleural suture; dorsal carina, antealar ridges and sinus and subalar ridges green-black; mesokatepisternum greenblack except for small, dull yellowish brown marginal area in posteroventral corner; mesepimeron largely metallic green-black, with large, triangular, dull yellow patch in anterodorsal corner, continuous with humeral stripe in front and with narrow, irregular pale band along midlateral suture behind, extending into pale yellow area surrounding and below metastigma; rest of metanepisternum largely green-black; metakatepisternum, metepimeron, postcoxa and poststernum pale yellow, except for triangular, green-black patch in upper, anterior corner of metepimeron; terga largely yellowish to greyish brown; mid and hind legs similar to fore legs. Wings (Figs 1,5)— Venation black; membrane hyaline; basic venational characters similar to those of E. albicauda and E. cristatus. Pterostigm a moderately long, costal length 1.88-2.02 m m in fore wing, 2.06-2.12 mm in hind wing, about twice as long as broad in both wings; 2-3 cells between R, and R 2 behind distal half of pterostigm a faintly suffused with brow n. D iscoidal cell of fore wing elongate, its posterior side 3-5 times longer than inner side, of hind wing broadened, the costal side at least as long as inner side, the posterior side about 2.5 times as long. Abdom en —Tergites 1-8 metallic greenish black m arked with dull, pale yellow as follows: tergite I with broad, m ediodorsal patch across anterior tw o-thirds and broad lateral patch along ventral m argin, widest in front; tergite 2 with broad, irregular stripe along ventral margin; tergites 3-7 with pair o fshort, subtriangular anterolateral marks, broadly separated in midline, each generally narrow ing into a pale line along ventral margin; tergite 8 with patch along ventral margin, broadest in front. Tergite 9 dull m etallic green-black. Segment 10 deeply excised posterolaterally to accommodate bases o f highly modified superior anal appendages; subtriangular median portion dull metallic black, remainder black adjacent to anal appendages, otherwise pale cream. Sternite 1 pale yellow to white. Sternites 3-7 largely black, basally dull yellowish white to pale brow n, continuous with pale anterolateral marks of corresponding tergites. Sternite 8 black. Most of sternite 9 black, posterior quarter, behind pale valvules, largely brown. Secondary genitalia (Figs 9, 13)— Anterior lamina pale brow n, with darker brow n margins, its inner lobe broadly rounded in lateral view, not strongly produced anteriorly (Fig. 9); posterior hamule pale; apex of glans produced into curved flagellum (Fig. 13), as in other species of Episynlestes. Anal appendages (Figs 14-17)— Superior appendages about 5 mm long, highly modified; long, slender, with upwardly directed, large, black basal lobe bearing long, dark brow n to black setae along its upper edge; distal part yellowish white, bifid, with long, gently convex, apically rounded outer branch and short, almost straight, sharply pointed inner branch, its outer m argin notched, step-wise, near m idpoint. Inferior appendages yellowish white, vestigial, narrow ly prom inent in midline. Female Both specimens are teneral, and their relatively pale colour may not be typical o f the mature female. Dimensions— Fore wing length 33.8, 34.3 mm; hind wing length 32.3, 32.8 mm; length of abdomen 43.0, 44.0 mm. Colour pattern very similar to that of male but pale areas more extensive; narrow, yellowish brown stripe on mesanepisternum on either side of dorsal carina; lower part of abdom inal tergite 9 pale; sternite 2 dark brown; sternite 8 brow n centrally, pale laterally; ovipositor and valves yellowish white. Wings — Pterostigm a m oderately long, costal length 1.88 and 1.96 mm in fore wing, 2.08 and 2.16 mm in hind wing, breadth about half length; no dark pigm entation in cells behind pterostigm a. D iscoidal cells o f fore wing and hind wing similarly elongate, the posterior side 4-5 times longer than proxim al side., Published as part of G. Theischinger & J. A. L. Watson, 1985, The Genus Episynlestes Kennedy (Odonata: Synlestidae), pp. 143-148 in Australian Journal of Entomology 24 on pages 144-146, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.3515948, {"references":["Watson, J. A. L. and Theischinger, G. (1984) - Regions of taxonomic disjunction in Australian Odonata and other freshwater insects. Odonatologica 13: 147 - 157."]}