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1. Geochemical characterization data of harbors dredged sediments in the Occitanie region (southern France)

Author: Garry Dorleon, Isabelle Techer, and Sylvain Rigaud
Subjects: Waste management, Circular economy, Coastal sediment quality, Physicochemical properties, Dredging, harbors sediments, Computer applications to medicine. Medical informatics, R858-859.7, Science (General), Q1-390
Abstract: Over the last 15 years, numerous analyses of sediment from the Mediterranean harbors of Occitanie (Southern France) has been made before dredging operations in order to assess geochemical quality of dredged sediment and define the extend of dredging project and the potential fate of dredged sediment (sea dumping vs management on land). However, these data are today scattered, printed and stored as archives, and not directly accessible. With time, those data are expected to be lost for the community whereas they constitute an irreplaceable and mobilizable knowledge base to address the challenges of the circular economy. Characterization data aid in developing regulations for better land-based management of dredged sediments. Existing data are also needed to define pollutant limits in sediments for different uses of marine resources. The collection of these data can thus offer a unique opportunity to assess the geochemical quality of dredged marine sediments and their determining factors. The dataset collected is composed of geochemical characteristics of 146 marine sediments wastes collected before dredging operations between 2010 and 2021. The sampling was designed to capture the large diversity of sediment distribution in harbors of southern France. The dataset contains a wide range of variability in the composition characteristics of dredged sediment (dry matter, organic matter, total nitrogen and phosphorus, sulphate, chloride, trace metals and organics elements). Because the dataset provides information about the characteristics defining the geochemical quality of dredged sediments, it can be used further for research, waste management or dredged sediment valorization, and represent a great interest to other researchers, harbors managers and stakeholders in search of references on the geochemical quality of dredged sediments for their reuse.
Published: 2024
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2. Renewal of planktonic foraminifera diversity after the Cretaceous Paleogene mass extinction by benthic colonizers

Author: Raphaël Morard, Christiane Hassenrück, Mattia Greco, Antonio Fernandez-Guerra, Sylvain Rigaud, Christophe J. Douady, and Michal Kucera
Subjects: Science
Abstract: Planktonic foraminifera are key to understanding paleoclimate and plankton evolution, but their origins are unclear. Here, the authors use a molecular clock to suggest that benthic foraminifera dispersed in plankton and renew planktonic foraminifera diversity after the Cretaceous Paleogene mass extinction.
Published: 2022
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3. Impact of an exceptional winter flood on benthic oxygen and nutrient fluxes in a temperate macrotidal estuary: Potential consequences on summer deoxygenation

Author: Vivien Hulot, Edouard Metzger, Aubin Thibault de Chanvalon, Aurelia Mouret, Sabine Schmidt, Bruno Deflandre, Sylvain Rigaud, Eric Beneteau, Nicolas Savoye, Philippe Souchu, Yoann Le Merrer, and Grégoire M. Maillet
Subjects: estuary, water sediment exchanges, hypoxia, oxides-phosphorus interactions, flood, Science, General. Including nature conservation, geographical distribution, QH1-199.5
Abstract: Despite 20 years of control on eutrophication, episodes of summer hypoxia still occur in the Loire estuary, impacting water quality and posing a key scientific and management challenge. This work aimed to quantify the contribution of the benthic compartment to hypoxia in the Loire estuary by direct measurement of water–sediment fluxes and an in-depth understanding of the seasonal variations of oxides and phosphorus stocks. During the summer’s low-discharge period, results show that the iron oxide-rich deposit is stable under hypoxic conditions, limiting the release of dissolved phosphorus into the overlying water column. The high nitrate content of the water column appears to be an important oxidizer of iron during hypoxic periods, limiting dissolved phosphorus leakage and aggravation of hypoxia. During the exceptional winter flood, significant sediment erosion associated with bubbling phenomena (attributed to methane efflux) created severe fractures in the sediment and stimulated water–sediment exchange. During the following months, these fractures were progressively filled, which decreased the intensity of benthic fluxes. However, due to the high residence time in the water during the summer period, a simple model demonstrated that benthic contributions were sufficient to directly (by direct oxygen consumption) or indirectly (by promoting ammonia oxidation) affect the oxygen stock in the water column during the low-discharge period. Our study demonstrates the importance of the benthic compartment in the occurrence of hypoxia and the obvious lack of knowledge to illustrate and model the biogeochemical functioning of the estuary.
Published: 2023
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4. First observations of seasonal bottom water deoxygenation off the Gironde estuary (Bay of Biscay, North East Atlantic)

Author: Nicolas Dubosq, Sabine Schmidt, Joël Sudre, Sylvain Rigaud, Bastien Lamarque, Martin Danilo, Antoine Grémare, and Bruno Deflandre
Subjects: deoxygenation, continental shelf, seasonal evolution, stratification, Bay of Biscay, dissolved oxygen, Science, General. Including nature conservation, geographical distribution, QH1-199.5
Abstract: Although not systematically considered as oxygen minimum zones, River-dominated Ocean Margins are sensitive to oxygen depletions. For example, the continental shelf off the Gironde, which flows into the Bay of Biscay, had not yet been studied from this perspective although recent simulations suggested that this area should already have experienced deoxygenations in recent decades. To fill this gap, profiles of temperature, salinity and dissolved oxygen were performed in the water column of the continental shelf off the Gironde during seven cruises distributed over the different seasons between 2016 and 2021. Turbidity, chlorophyll-a and pH were also measured during some of these cruises. In winter, the water column was slightly stratified due to high river flows. Then, a seasonal thermal stratification was present from spring to autumn. Similarly, dissolved oxygen showed a seasonal dynamic with: a well-oxygenated water column in winter, an oxygen oversaturation in the first 20 meters during the spring bloom, and then a progressive oxygen depletion in bottom waters until reaching an oxygen saturation minimum down to 45% in autumn. These deoxygenations are explained by the seasonal stratification that isolates the bottom waters from spring to autumn, and are likely enhanced by the advection of deoxygenated waters from the north of the Bay of Biscay and the settling of the organic matter produced in surface waters. A better understanding of these processes in the context of global warming undoubtedly requires better documentation of dissolved oxygen variability through the implementation of a long-term and continuous in situ monitoring.
Published: 2022
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5. OSTRACODS FROM THE LATE TRIASSIC (NORIAN) OF YUKON, CANADA: NEW TAXONOMIC AND PALAEOBIOGEOGRAPHIC INSIGHTS

Author: Marie-Beatrice FOREL, NICOLO' DEL PIERO, SYLVAIN RIGAUD, and ROSSANA MARTINI
Subjects: marine ostracods, Norian, Panthalassa, ostracod-algae association, palaeobiogeography., Geology, QE1-996.5, Paleontology, QE701-760
Abstract: The present work investigates the significance of Late Triassic ostracods from the Yukon Territory, Canada, and adds to the scientific knowledge of the taxonomy of these organisms during the Norian, which remain poorly documented and understood. Fifteen limestone samples representing distinct marine palaeoenvironments cropping out at Lime Peak, Stikinia terrane, provided 90 species, including 9 newly described: Alatobairdia? sohni n. sp., Bairdia aksala n. sp., B. taan n. sp., B. yukonensis n. sp., Cornutobairdia yukonella n. sp., Lobobairdia whitella n. sp., Mirabairdia canadia n. sp., Hungarella limella n. sp., Leviella riedeli n. sp. Most assemblages point to neritic conditions in the photic zone. A similarity analysis demonstrates the distinct composition of reef-related and algae-related ostracod assemblages. The ostracod-algae associations in Lime Peak reveal that the affinity of Bairdiidae for algae (Dasycladaleans in the case of Lime Peak) was already established in the Norian. A faunal link is identified during the Norian between eastern and western Panthalassa and Japan, in line with studies on other taxa. The flux of species between eastern Panthalassa and Tethyan areas appears very unbalanced in the Late Triassic with most migrations originating from the Tethys. Further data from other Middle and Upper Triassic Panthalassan localities and stages (i.e. Ladinian and Carnian) are needed to confirm whether this apparent trend is due to sampling bias or reflects real dispersal fluxes.
Published: 2022
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6. Upper Triassic Carbonate Records: Insights from the Most Complete Panthalassan Platform (Lime Peak, Yukon, Canada)

Author: Nicolò Del Piero, Sylvain Rigaud, Camille Peybernes, Marie-Beatrice Forel, Nicholas Farley, and Rossana Martini
Subjects: Upper Triassic, carbonate platform, Panthalassa, paleoecology, Benthic Foraminifera, Geology, QE1-996.5
Abstract: Upper Triassic carbonate platforms from the Panthalassa Ocean remain less-understood and less-studied than their Tethyan equivalents. This imbalance is largely due to the poorer preservation state of Panthalassan carbonate rock successions in terms of rock quality and depositional geometries, which prevents good appreciation of depositional systems. In this context, carbonate exposures from Lime Peak (Yukon, Canada) represent an outstanding exception. There, the remains of an Upper Norian Panthalassan carbonate platform are well-exposed, show remarkably preserved depositional geometries and overall superior rock preservation. In this work, we analyse the carbonates from the Lime Peak area with particular attention to the vertical and lateral distribution of biotic assemblages and microfacies at the platform scale. Results demonstrate that the Lime Peak platform was surrounded by a basin with an aphotic sea bottom. The carbonate complex developed in warm waters characterized by high carbonate saturation. The area was also defined by moderate to high nutrient levels: this influenced the type of carbonate factory by favouring microbialites and sponges over corals. During its growth, Lime Peak was influenced by tectono-eustatism, which controlled the accommodation space at the platform top, primarily impacting the internal platform environments and the stability of the slope. Gaining better knowledge of the spatial distribution and dynamics of Upper Triassic organisms and sedimentary facies of Panthalassa in relation to tectono-eustatism lays the first foundations for reconstructing more robust platform models and understanding the evolution of other, more dismantled Upper Triassic Panthalassan carbonate systems through time.
Published: 2022
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7. UPPER TRIASSIC CALCAREOUS ALGAE FROM THE PANTHALASSA OCEAN

Author: IOAN I. BUCUR, SYLVAIN RIGAUD, NICOLÒ DEL PIERO, ANDREA FUCELLI, ERIC HEERWAGEN, CAMILLE PEYBERNES, GIOVAN PEYROTTY, CHRISTIAN VERARD, JÉRÔME CHABLAIS, and ROSSANA MARTINI
Subjects: Calcareous algae, Dasycladales, Bryopsidales, Rhodophyta, Upper Triassic, Panthalassa., Geology, QE1-996.5, Paleontology, QE701-760
Abstract: Upper Triassic calcareous algae, abundant and well-diversified in Tethyan deposits, have rarely been described in rocks of Panthalassan origin. Over the past ten years, several studies were performed on Upper Triassic carbonate deposits of Panthalassan affinity in North America, Japan and Far East Russia, revealing unexpectedly rich and diversified assemblages. The samples were collected from nine localities situated on both sides of the Pacific Ocean. The identified algal assemblage consists of green and red algae, including fourteen dasycladaleans, rare bryopsidaleans, and several rhodophyceans. This paper describes the main algal taxa, including six new species: Holosporella? rossanae Bucur & Del Piero n. sp., Holosporella magna Bucur & Fucelli n. sp., Griphoporella minuta Bucur & Peybernes n. sp., Patruliuspora pacifica Bucur, Del Piero & Peyrotty n. sp., Patruliuspora oregonica Bucur & Rigaud n. sp. and Collarecodium? nezpercae Bucur & Rigaud n. sp. Rivulariacean-like cyanobacteria and thaumatoporellacean algae are also present. The whole Panthalassan algal assemblage comprises both unknown (?endemic) and common taxa of the Tethyan domain. To explain the cosmopolitan distribution of various Upper Triassic benthic organisms scleractinian corals, calcified sponges, foraminifera), a close connection with the Tethys Ocean was hypothesized by different authors. During the Late Triassic, the Tethys was open to the east on the Western Panthalassa but not to the west, suggesting that Triassic calcareous algae were able to efficiently colonize environments that are estimated to be more than 10’000 km apart. An adventitious transport of calcareous algae and/or their spores is proposed to explain this long-range algal dispersal.
Published: 2020
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8. New robertinid foraminifers from the Early Jurassic of Adnet, Austria and their evolutionary importance

Author: Sylvain Rigaud and Joachim Blau
Subjects: Robertinida, Trochosiphoniidae, Conorboididae, inner-chamber structures, marmorea crust, Jurassic, Austria, Fossil man. Human paleontology, GN282-286.7, Paleontology, QE701-760
Abstract: New benthic multichambered foraminifers have been discovered in the Hettangian–Sinemurian of the Northern Calcareous Alps (Adnet, Salzburg, Austria). Originally aragonitic, these forms are completely recrystallized but the early impregnation of their tests by Fe-Mn solutions has, to some extent, allowed an indirect preservation of their primary structure. The most remarkably preserved specimens are found in close vicinity to the marmorea crust, a heavily mineralized multiphased hardground. We describe two new genera, Velleditsiella gen. nov., a microgastropod look-alike foraminifer, which includes the species V. felicitaszae gen. et sp. nov. and V. spinaferra gen. et sp. nov., and Rossanella gen. nov., the first known representative of the superfamily Conorboidoidea, which includes the species R. martinii gen. et sp. nov. Considering their structural and morphological characteristics, Velleditsiella and Rossanella phylogenetically derive from two distinct Triassic lineages, respectively the families Trochosiphoniidae and Variostomatidae. The discovery of diverse aragonitic assemblages in earliest Jurassic strata dismisses the long believed hypothesis that all Jurassic aragonitic multichambered foraminifers originated from a single Oberhauserellidae ancestor. It also supports a lower impact of the Triassic/Jurassic biotic crisis on the evolution of aragonitic foraminifers. Hypotheses for the short term and long term evolution of aragonitic multichambered foraminifers are discussed and new phyletic trees are proposed.
Published: 2016
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9. Modeling the Influence of Eutrophication and Redox Conditions on Mercury Cycling at the Sediment-Water Interface in the Berre Lagoon

Author: Svetlana Pakhomova, Evgeniy Yakushev, Elizaveta Protsenko, Sylvain Rigaud, Daniel Cossa, Joel Knoery, Raoul-Marie Couture, Olivier Radakovitch, Shamil Yakubov, Dominika Krzeminska, and Alice Newton
Subjects: mercury, methylmercury, biogeochemical modeling, anoxia, eutrophication, lagoon, Science, General. Including nature conservation, geographical distribution, QH1-199.5
Abstract: This study presents a specifically designed Mercury module in a coupled benthic-pelagic reactive-transport model - Bottom RedOx Model (BROM) that allows to study mercury (Hg) biogeochemistry under different conditions. This module considers the transformation of elemental mercury (Hg(0)), divalent mercury (Hg(II)) and methylmercury (MeHg). The behavior of mercury species in the model is interconnected with changes of oxygen, hydrogen sulfide, iron oxides, organic matter, and biota. We simulated the transformation and transport of Hg species in the water column and upper sediment layer under five different scenarios, combining various levels of oxygenation and trophic state in the Berre lagoon, a shallow eutrophic lagoon of the French Mediterranean coast subjected to seasonal anoxia. The first scenario represents the conditions in the lagoon that are compared with experimental data. The four other scenarios were produced by varying the biological productivity, using low and high nutrient (N and P) concentrations, and by varying the redox conditions using different intensity of vertical mixing in the water column. The results of the simulation show that both oxidized and reduced sediments can accumulate Hg, but any shifts in redox conditions in bottom water and upper sediment layer lead to the release of Hg species into the water column. Eutrophication and/or restricted vertical mixing lead to reducing conditions and intensify MeHg formation in the sediment with periodic release to the water column. Oxygenation of an anoxic water body can lead to the appearance of Hg species in the water column and uptake by organisms, whereby Hg may enter into the food web. The comparison of studied scenarios shows that a well-oxygenated eutrophic system favors the conditions for Hg species bioaccumulation with a potential adverse effect on the ecosystem. The research is relevant to the UN Minimata convention, EU policies on water, environmental quality standards and Mercury in particular.
Published: 2018
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10. Foraminifera: did the first canal systems develop in Involutinida?

Author: Sylvain Rigaud, Lorenzo Consorti, Bruno Granier, and Felix Schlagintweit
Subjects: General Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Published: 2023

11. Impact of anoxia and oyster mortality on nutrient and microbial planktonic components: A mesocosm study

Author: Julie Le Ray, Béatrice Bec, Annie Fiandrino, Franck Lagarde, Nicolas Cimiterra, Patrick Raimbault, Cécile Roques, Sylvain Rigaud, Julie Régis, Behzad Mostajir, Sébastien Mas, Marion Richard, MARine Biodiversity Exploitation and Conservation (UMR MARBEC), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Institut méditerranéen d'océanologie (MIO), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Toulon (UTLN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Détection, évaluation, gestion des risques CHROniques et éMErgents (CHROME) / Université de Nîmes (CHROME), Université de Nîmes (UNIMES), Centre d'Ecologie marine expérimentale (MEDIMEER), and Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Oxygen, Anoxia, Microbial loop, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, Phytoplankton, Community shift, Aquatic Science, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology
Abstract: International audience; The Thau lagoon is a Mediterranean coastal lagoon used for shellfish farming. It is periodically affected by anoxia events that trigger oyster mortality. To investigate the effects of an anoxia event focussed on nutrient dynamics and the responses of the microbial planktonic communities a 13-day in situ experiment was performed in September 2020. Transparent mesocosms (270 L) were placed at a depth of 4 m, inserted in the sediment, and kept closed throughout the experiment. The experiment comprised three treatments: i) Natural environment (N), i.e. in the natural water outside the mesocosms containing a rope of 30 oysters (Crassostrea gigas), ii) Control mesocosm (C) filled with natural water with no oysters, and iii) Oyster mesocosm (O) filled with natural water containing a rope of 30 oysters. Oyster respiration in the oyster mesocosm depleted oxygen after 54 h. All the oysters from O mesocosm were dead after nine days and decomposition of their flesh combined with releases from the water-sediment interface increased dissolved inorganic nitrogen (dominated by ammonium), phosphates, and ∑H2S up to 390, 17 and 295 μmol·L−1, respectively. Phytoplankton biomass consequently increased by 20 (11.8 μg chlal −1) and abundance by 4.5 (186 × 106 cells·L1) dominated largely by green algae \textless5 μm. During the oyster mortality period (day 6 to day 9) high abundances of heterotrophic flagellates and large ciliate specimens were observed. This shift in the community towards small phytoplankton favours the microbial loop and is detrimental to shellfish farming. In a context of global warming in which the risk of anoxia is higher, the results of the present investigation demonstrate that anoxia triggers shellfish mortality and that the change in the plankton community disrupts the normal functioning of the ecosystem, causing serious financial losses. In this context, it is crucial to predict possible hypoxia and anoxia events using high frequency measurements of dissolved oxygen, by avoiding using shallow zones for oyster production and by reducing shellfish stocks, or by mechanically lifting the oysters out of the water during the night to reduce oxygen respiration in the ecosystem.
Published: 2023

12. Ideas and perspectives. The fluctuating nature of oxygen shapes the ecology of aquatic habitats and their biogeochemical cycles: the aquatic oxyscape

Author: Marco Fusi, Sylvain Rigaud, Giovanna Guadagnini, Alberto Barausse, Ramona Marasco, Daniele Daffonchio, Julie Régis, Louison Huchet, Capucine Camin, Laura Pettit, Cristina Vina-Herbon, and Folco Giomi
Abstract: Oxygen availability is a pivotal factor for ecosystem functioning and the resistance of organisms to the effect of climate change in aquatic habitats. Although extensive work has been made to assess the effect of oxygen on marine and freshwater biota, many studies did not capture the ecological importance of oxygen variations. Overlooking the fluctuating nature of oxygen may cause potential biases in the design and implementation of management policies of aquatic habitats. Conceptual perspectives on the dynamic nature of oxygen fluctuations have been raised in the scientific community to enhance the understanding of the effect of oxygen on the physiology and the ecology of aquatic species and the biogeochemical functioning of the ecosystems. A growing number of empirical works are outlining a novel conceptual framework that considers the magnitude of oxygen fluctuation as a key variable that explains adaptation to stress conditions. Oxygen in productive aquatic habitats shows large fluctuations at diel and seasonal scales, exposing aquatic species from conditions of extreme supersaturation to anoxia. Recent research indicates that such fluctuation tunes the physiological plasticity of the animal in response to thermal stresses. In this contribution, we provide compelling evidence based on current research that the fluctuating oxygen landscape, here defined as “oxyscape”, has an important role in aquatic animal physiology and adaptation and the ecosystem biogeochemistry. We propose that the oxyscape should be considered in the modelling and managing policies of aquatic ecosystems.
Published: 2023

13. Supplementary material to 'Ideas and perspectives. The fluctuating nature of oxygen shapes the ecology of aquatic habitats and their biogeochemical cycles: the aquatic oxyscape'

Author: Marco Fusi, Sylvain Rigaud, Giovanna Guadagnini, Alberto Barausse, Ramona Marasco, Daniele Daffonchio, Julie Régis, Louison Huchet, Capucine Camin, Laura Pettit, Cristina Vina-Herbon, and Folco Giomi
Published: 2023

14. Aragonitic foraminifers: an unsuspected wall diversity

Author: Sylvain Rigaud, Jean-Pierre Masse, and Bruno Granier
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, 010506 paleontology, biology, Range (biology), Paleontology, Test (biology), Macroevolution, biology.organism_classification, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Foraminifera, Geology, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract: The wide range of wall microstructures observed in the test of calcitic Foraminifera is probably unequalled in nature, and contrasts strikingly with the rather homogeneously radial walls of hithert...
Published: 2021

15. The benthic foraminifer Stomatorbina binkhorsti (Reuss, 1862): Taxonomic review and ecological insights

Author: Sylvain Rigaud and Felix Schlagintweit
Subjects: 010506 paleontology, Benthic zone, Ecology, General Earth and Planetary Sciences, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 01 natural sciences, Geology, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, General Environmental Science
Abstract: The benthic foraminifer Rosalina binkhorsti Reuss, 1862, was cosmopolitan in Late Cretaceous to early Paleogene shallow-water seas. It possesses a distinctive composite wall made of a continuous, agglutinated layer discontinuously covered by secondary hyaline outer deposits. Its taxonomic position, phylogeny, morphology, wall structure, and composition have been debated for a long time. Based on abundant, well-preserved material from the Danian of the Kambühel Formation in the Northern Calcareous Alps, Austria, we identify elements in the here emended species Stomatorbina binkhorsti which support a strong affinity to the order Textulariida, within the genus Stomatorbina Dorreen, 1948. Usually regarded as free (non-fixing), S. binkhorsti is here illustrated attached to small bioclasts in high-energy carbonate settings. The attached specimens are juvenile forms with a wall covered by massive hyaline deposits. This observation suggests that secondary lamellar parts added to the wall may have served for stabilisation or fixation to the substrate. Rosalina binkhorsti Reuss, 1862, war eine in den Flachwassermeeren der Oberkreide und des frühen Paläogens kosmopolitische benthonische Foraminifere. Sie besitzt eine zusammengesetzte Wand, bestehend aus einer kontinuierlichen agglutinierten Lage welche diskontinuierlich von äusseren sekundär-hyalinen Abschnitten bedeckt ist. Ihre taxonomische Position, Phylogenie, Morphologie, Wandstruktur und –zusammensetzung ist seit langem umstritten. Basierend auf gut erhaltenem und reichhaltigem Material aus dem Danium der Kambühel Formation in den Nördlichen Kalkalpen von Österreich, werden Charakteristika identifiziert, welche nachhaltig eine Affinität zur Gattung Stomatorbina Dorreen, 1948 innerhalb der Ordnung Textulariida belegen. Diese Foraminiferenart, gewöhnlich als frei lebend (nicht fixiert) angesehen, wird illustriert fixiert an kleine Bioklasten in einem hochenergetischen karbonatischen Ablagerungsmilieu. Die fixierten Formen sind gewöhnlich juvenile Exemplare deren Wand mehr oder weniger massiv von hyalinen Ablagerungen bedeckt ist. Dies lässt vermuten, dass sekundäre lamellare Ablagerung, die der Wand hinzugefügt werden, eine Rolle in der Stabilisierung oder der Fixierung auf dem Substrat spielten.
Published: 2019

16. Mercury, organic matter, iron, and sulfur co-cycling in a ferruginous meromictic lake

Author: Delphine Tisserand, Stéphane Guédron, Eric Viollier, Didier Jézéquel, Sylvain Rigaud, Sylvain Campillo, Géraldine Sarret, Laurent Charlet, Daniel Cossa, Institut des Sciences de la Terre (ISTerre), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR219-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Gustave Eiffel-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris (IPGP (UMR_7154)), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris (IPG Paris)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Centre Alpin de Recherche sur les Réseaux Trophiques et Ecosystèmes Limniques (CARRTEL), Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Détection, évaluation, gestion des risques CHROniques et éMErgents (CHROME) / Université de Nîmes (CHROME), and Université de Nîmes (UNIMES)
Subjects: Redox, Geochemistry and Petrology, Iron, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Environmental Chemistry, Organic matter, methylmercury, Mercury, Pollution, Sulfur, Lake pavin
Abstract: International audience; Mercury (Hg) speciation in natural waters is controlled by redox conditions and microbiological activity. Water columns of meromictic lakes have large and stable redox chemical and biological gradients that allow the investigation of many Hg chemical transformations. In this study, Hg speciation (elemental Hg = Hg-0, methylated Hg = MeHg) and partitioning between truly dissolved (< 3 kDa), colloidal (< 0.45 mu m and > 3 kDa), and particulate (> 0.45 mu m) fractions, were determined throughout a high-resolution water column profile in the ferruginous meromictic Lake Pavin (Massif Central, France) in July 2018. Total Hg concentrations (THg) in water ranged between 0.4 and 8.8 pmol L-1. The particulate phase represented 10-70% of the THg, with a peak found in the mesolimnion associated with the particulate organic carbon maximum. In the mesolimnion, the colloidal fraction represented 12-68% of THg, and the highest value was found at the top of the sulfidic zone, whereas the truly dissolved Hg species (70 +/- 9%) dominated in all the rest of the sulfidic zone. MeHg ranged from less than 10% of THg in the oxic mixolimnion to more than 90% in the anoxic monimolimnion. The Hg methylation was most active within the suboxic zone where iron and sulfate reduction are occurring. These results, associated with those of the partition of organic matter (OM), sulfur, and iron, in conjunction with thermodynamic calculations, allow us to present a conceptual scheme for the Hg cycle in the lake. Atmospheric Hg deposited onto surface waters of the lake is partially photo-reduced and returned to the air, another part is scavenged by biogenic particulate matter and conveyed at depth by settling organic material. Water stratification and redox changes create a sequence of reactions from oxic to ferruginous waters where Hg is successively (i) desorbed from particulate OM where mineralization occurs, (ii) adsorbed onto iron-oxy(hydr)oxides, (iii) desorbed where they dissolved, (iv) precipitate as HgS, (v) methylated, and (vi) reduced as Hg-0 in the deepest part of the lake. In brief, the (micro)biological uptake, OM, iron and sulfur recycling, through associated microbial consortia, control the Hg cycling in the Pavin waters.
Published: 2022

17. Spatiotemporal dynamics of surface sediment characteristics and benthic macrofauna compositions in a temperate high-energy River-dominated Ocean Margin

Author: Bastien Lamarque, Bruno Deflandre, Sabine Schmidt, Guillaume Bernard, Nicolas Dubosq, Mélanie Diaz, Nicolas Lavesque, Frédéric Garabetian, Florent Grasso, Aldo Sottolichio, Sylvain Rigaud, Alicia Romero-Ramirez, Marie-Ange Cordier, Dominique Poirier, Martin Danilo, and Antoine Grémare
Subjects: Geology, Aquatic Science, Oceanography
Published: 2022

18. Benthic oxygen dynamics and implication for the maintenance of chronic hypoxia and ecosystem degradation in the Berre lagoon (France)

Author: Bastien Lamarque, Patricia Bonin, Pascal Mirleau, Olivier Radakovitch, Sylvain Rigaud, Bruno Deflandre, Samuel Meulé, Antoine Grémare, Márcio Murilo Barboza Tenório, Marie-Ange Cordier, Nicolas Mayot, Ludovic Pascal, Lara Pozzato, Vincent Faure, Baptiste Voltz, Florian Cesbron, Valérie Michotey, Christian Grenz, Alicia Romero-Ramirez, Détection, évaluation, gestion des risques CHROniques et éMErgents (CHROME) / Université de Nîmes (CHROME), Université de Nîmes (UNIMES), Environnements et Paléoenvironnements OCéaniques (EPOC), Observatoire aquitain des sciences de l'univers (OASU), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut méditerranéen d'océanologie (MIO), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Toulon (UTLN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Universitaire des Sciences Appliquées de Cherbourg (LUSAC), Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU), Institut national des sciences et techniques de la mer (INTECHMER), Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers [CNAM] (CNAM), Institut méditerranéen de biodiversité et d'écologie marine et continentale (IMBE), Avignon Université (AU)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UMR237-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre européen de recherche et d'enseignement des géosciences de l'environnement (CEREGE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Groupement d'intérêt public pour la réhabilitation de l'étang de Berre (GIPREB), GIPREB, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1 (UB)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1 (UB)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM)-HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM), Laboratoire de recherche sur les transferts des radionucléides dans les écosystèmes aquatiques (IRSN/PSE-ENV/SRTE/LRTA), Service de recherche sur les transferts et les effets des radionucléides sur les écosystèmes (IRSN/PSE-ENV/SRTE), and Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN)-Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Biogeochemical cycle, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Aquatic Science, Oceanography, Coastal hypoxia, 01 natural sciences, Water column, [SDV.EE.ECO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Ecosystems, Sediment–water interface, [SDU.STU.GC]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geochemistry, Ecosystem, 14. Life underwater, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, fungi, Biogeochemistry, Hypoxia (environmental), Sediment, 15. Life on land, Benthic habitat quality, Oxygen, 13. Climate action, Benthic zone, Sediment-water interface, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Environmental science, Berre lagoon, geographic locations
Abstract: International audience; Chronic hypoxia and anoxia have strong impacts on coastal aquatic ecosystems worldwide. Such situations are essentially driven by high benthic oxygen (O2) demand resulting from organic matter mineralization in surface sediment and amplified by a low mixing of the water column. However, the benthic O2 demand may greatly vary according to the O2 availability, sediment biogeochemical properties, and bioturbation by macrobenthic fauna. Here we examined how the sediment O2 demand vary in response to seasonal and long-term (pluri-decadal) hypoxia in the Berre lagoon, a coastal ecosystem impacted by chronic hypoxia events since ca 60 years. Oxygen penetration depth, diffusive and total O2 fluxes were measured in situ using a microelectrode autonomous profiler and benthic chamber deployments at three sites impacted by quite-permanent (PA), seasonal (PI) and occasional (PO) hypoxia in August 2016. Those measurements were seasonally repeated at site PI between August 2015 and August 2016. Additional physical and chemical characteristics were also measured in surface sediment. Sediment profile images analysis combined to measures of benthic macrofaunal communities characteristics were determined in order to estimate the quality of the benthic ecosystem. The highest benthic O2 demand was observed after seasonal anoxia in relation to the important accumulation of reduced chemical species in surface sediment. Interestingly, both pluri-decadal hypoxia and normoxia produced relatively high benthic O2 demand related to a higher accumulation of organic matter and to the presence of reduced chemical species at site dominated by hypoxia, and to the presence of fresher organic matter and active bioturbating macrofaunal communities in normoxic site. The low benthic O2 demand at site seasonally impacted by hypoxia was explained by the degraded state of the macrofaunal community and by the lower accumulation of reduced chemical species. The occurrence of hypoxia and anoxia situations in the Berre lagoon was predicted from the competition between kinetics of benthic O2 demand and water column reoxygenation events induced by strong wind. The good correspondence between the measured and predicted hypoxia/anoxia occurrence clearly indicates that the chronic deoxygenation events in the Berre lagoon, and the associated degraded state of the benthic ecosystem are driven jointly by the benthic O2 demand and the intensity and duration of the water column stratification.
Published: 2021

19. The foraminiferal genus Neotrocholina Reichel, 1955 and its less known relatives: A reappraisal

Author: Felix Schlagintweit, Ioan I. Bucur, and Sylvain Rigaud
Subjects: 010506 paleontology, Subfamily, biology, Phylogenetic tree, Paleontology, Macroevolution, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, biology.organism_classification, 01 natural sciences, Cretaceous, Type (biology), Genus, Spirillinida, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract: In the foraminiferal tree, the genus Neotrocholina Reichel, 1955 appears as an oddity. It is the only known post-Paleozoic enrolled tubular foraminifer with a test described as exclusively hyaline-radial calcitic. Its taxonomic affinity and phylogenetic relationships have been a matter of debate for over 60 years. Regarded as a potential ancestor for rotaliid foraminifers, it has been alternatively positioned in the orders Spirillinida Hohenegger & Piller, 1975 and Involutinida Hohenegger & Piller, 1977, which are yet defined as calcitic monocrystalline and aragonitic, respectively. In spite of its great potential to solve part of the foraminiferal macroevolution, little is known about the genus Neotrocholina. Based on the study of various excellently preserved materials, including type specimens, we prove that Neotrocholina possesses a composite test made of two calcitic layers, with distinct optical characteristics. In cross-polarized light, the outer part of the test shows a radial crystalline arrangement but the tube wall displays unit extinction, a feature characteristic of monocrystalline spirillinid foraminifers. Similar wall types are observed in Bancilina Neagu, 1995, Hungarillina Blau & Wernli, 1999, Ichnusella Dieni & Massari, 1966, Radiospirillina Blau & Wernli, 1999, and Spirilliconus Blau & Wernli, 1999, which are here encompassed in the subfamily Neotrocholininae n. subfam., together with Neotrocholina. Through an in-depth systematic revision, including comprehensive synonymy lists and the description of two new species (Ichnusella senerae n. sp. and Neotrocholina theodori n. sp.), this manuscript provides new taxonomic, phylogenetic, and stratigraphic schemes and keys for representatives of the here introduced subfamily Neotrocholininae n. subfam.
Published: 2018

20. Comparison of benthic oxygen exchange measured by aquatic Eddy Covariance and Benthic Chambers in two contrasting coastal biotopes (Bay of Brest, France)

Author: Gérard Thouzeau, E. Amice, Sylvain Rigaud, Tom Cox, Thierry Le Bec, Bruno Deflandre, Pierre Polsenaere, Isabelle Bihannic, Olivier Maire, Environnements et Paléoenvironnements OCéaniques (EPOC), Observatoire aquitain des sciences de l'univers (OASU), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1 (UB)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1 (UB)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin (LEMAR) (LEMAR), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer (IUEM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Détection, évaluation, gestion des risques CHROniques et éMErgents (CHROME) / Université de Nîmes (CHROME), Université de Nîmes (UNIMES), Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research (NIOZ), The EDDYCO project (INSU EC2CO/DRIL program) provided financial support for this study. The Région Aquitaine (FEBBA project) and the IZOFLUX project from the French National Research Agency (white program) funded the EC system. The Région Aquitaine (FEBBA project) and the Vrije Universiteit Brussel supported the two-year postdoctoral fellowships awarded to P.P. The development of the new EC system, EC2, was realized in collaboration with Unisense A/S and the NIOZ-Yerseke. We would like to express our thanks to the INSU team from L’Albert Lucas and Henry Bouillard and Christian Portier from EPOC. This work has been carried out within the framework of the Cluster of Excellence COTE, ANR-10-BLAN-0612,IZOFLUX,Étude intégrée de l'Impact des herbiers de ZOstères sur les processus et FLUX benthiques en milieu côtier(2010), ANR-10-LABX-0045,COTE,COntinental To coastal Ecosystems: evolution, adaptability and governance(2010), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), and Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Benthic Chambers, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Fauna, Eddy covariance, Aquatic Science, 01 natural sciences, [SDV.EE.ECO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Ecosystems, Benthic O-2 fluxes, Aquatic Eddy Covariance, Maerl bed, 14. Life underwater, Maerl, [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Ecology, Benthic oxygen fluxes, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, Bay of Brest, Sediment, 15. Life on land, Spatial heterogeneity, Bare mudflat, Oceanography, 13. Climate action, Benthic zone, Environmental science, Animal Science and Zoology, Bay, Bioturbation
Abstract: To the best of our knowledge, the understanding of benthic metabolism of coastal sedimentary areas is still limited due to the complexity of determining their true in situ dynamics over large spatial and temporal scales. Multidisciplinary methodological approaches are then necessary to increase our comprehension of factors controlling benthic processes and fluxes. An aquatic Eddy Covariance (EC) system and Benthic Chambers (BC) were simultaneously deployed during the winter of 2013 in the Bay of Brest within a Maerl bed and a bare mudflat to quantify and compare O2 exchange at the sediment–water interface. Environmental abiotic parameters (i.e., light, temperature, salinity, current velocity and water depth) were additionally monitored to better understand the mechanisms driving benthic O2 exchange. At both sites, EC measurements showed short-term variations (i.e. 15 min) in benthic O2 fluxes according to environmental conditions. At the Maerl station, EC fluxes ranged from-21.0 mmol m−2 d−1 to 71.3 mmol m−2 d −1 and averaged 22.0 ± 32.7 mmol m−2 d−1 (mean ± SD), whilst at the bare muddy station, EC fluxes ranged from -43.1mmol m−2 d−1 to 12.1 mmol m−2 d −1 and averaged -15.9 ± 14.0 mmol m−2 d−1 (mean ± SD) during the total deployment. Eddy Covariance and Benthic Chambers measurements showed similar patterns of temporal O2 flux changes at both sites. However, at the Maerl station, BC may have underestimated community respiration. This may be due to the relative large size of the EC footprint (compared to BC), which takes into account the mesoscale spatial heterogeneity (e.g. may have included contributions from bare sediment patches). Also, we hypothesize that the influence of bioturbation induced by large-sized mobile benthic fauna on sediment oxygen consumption was not fully captured by BC compared to EC. Overall, the results of the present study highlight the importance of taking into account specific methodology limitations with respect to sediment spatial macro-heterogeneity and short-term variations of environmental parameters to accurately assess benthic O2 exchange in the various benthic ecosystems of the coastal zone.
Published: 2021

21. Assessment of oxygen, oxyanions and trace metals benthic fluxes by a novel non-invasive technique in coastal areas

Author: Julie Regis, Samuel Meulé, Patrick Verdoux, Sylvain Rigaud, and Isabelle Techer
Subjects: Trace (semiology), chemistry, Benthic zone, Environmental chemistry, Non invasive, chemistry.chemical_element, Environmental science, Oxygen
Published: 2021

22. Upper Triassic carbonate-platform facies, Timor-Leste: Foraminiferal indices and regional tectonostratigraphic association

Author: Lucy Brisbout, Eujay McCartain, David W. Haig, Rossana Martini, Jacinto Soares, Sylvain Rigaud, Jose Nano, and Isaias Santos Barros
Subjects: Rhaetian, 010506 paleontology, Permian, Outcrop, Carbonate platform, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, Oceanography, Norian, 01 natural sciences, East Gondwana, Paleontology, chemistry.chemical_compound, Interior continental sea, ddc:550, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Earth-Surface Processes, Terrane, Carnian, Rift, Platform–basin relationship, Gondwana, chemistry, Facies, Carbonate, Geology
Abstract: Timor is part of the non-volcanic Outer Banda Arc with chaotic geology in the late Neogene collision zone between Sundaland (Southeast Eurasia) and the Australian continent. Confusion in the distinction between Triassic, Jurassic and Cenozoic shallow-marine carbonate units has led to a lack of appreciation of the widespread extent of Triassic carbonate-platform facies, at least in Timor-Leste. It also resulted in misunderstanding the different tectonostratigraphic/palaeogeographic affinities of the shallow-water limestones. Foraminiferal assemblages are critical in stratigraphic discrimination of these units. This study records for the first time the foraminiferal microfauna of Upper Triassic shallow-water carbonate deposits in Timor. Many of the foraminiferal species are known from North Africa and Europe and date these units to the Carnian–Rhaetian. The Upper Triassic Bandeira Group represents extensive sheet-like carbonate-platform deposits (possibly on horst plateaus as well as shelf areas adjacent land in the intracratonic sea). Contacts between the hard limestone, forming fatus (limestone peaks) and ridges, and friable mud-dominated surrounding units are often obscured under deep tropical soil cover. At all localities the Bandeira Group is closely associated in outcrop with coeval basinal mud-dominated deposits (Babulu and Aitutu groups). With these it forms part of the East Gondwana Interior Rift Association (EGIRA), similar to the classical Dachstein Platform–Hallstatt Basin facies associations found in the European Alps. The basinal units contain turbiditic and debris-slide deposits that include clasts derived from the carbonate platform. Shallow-water carbonate facies attributed to EGIRA, are present throughout the East Gondwana Interior Rift from the Papuan Basin in the north to Exmouth Plateau, part of the Northern Carnarvon Basin, in the south. These were deposited before Gondwanan breakup along this rift system. The Triassic carbonate-platform deposits have a different dominant biogenic mineralogy (aragonite rather than calcite) and a different architecture to the bryozoan-crinoidal carbonate mounds present in the Permian of EGIRA in Timor-Leste. No Lower and Middle Triassic shallow-water carbonate-platform deposits have been recognized in Timor-Leste. The Bandeira Group, confined to the Upper Triassic, belongs to a stratigraphic association (EGIRA; autochthonous) different both in constituent units and outcrop coverage from that of the allochthonous Overthrust Terrane Association to which the Lower Jurassic carbonate-platform deposits (viz. Perdido Group) belong. The Bandeira Group has been confused not only with the Perdido Group but also with other shallow-water limestone units of the Permian and Miocene in some former studies of Timor. The distinction between these units solves a major tectonostratigraphic problem in Timor, and may apply elsewhere along the Outer Banda Arc.
Published: 2021

23. Organic additive release from benthic plastic debris through the sediment towards the water column

Author: Emilie Strady, Julie Regis, Clémence Dubois, Christian Grenz, Richard Sempéré, Jean-Luc Maeght, Sylvain Rigaud, Natascha Schmidt, Patrick Verdoux, and Vincent Fauvelle
Subjects: Water column, Benthic zone, Environmental chemistry, Sediment, Environmental science, Debris
Published: 2021

24. Influence of transient processes on organic carbon remineralization pathways and rates in the West Gironde Mud Patch (Bay of Biscay, Northeast Atlantic)

Author: Dominique Poirier, Sylvain Rigaud, Sabine Schmidt, Marie-Ange Cordier, Bastien Lamarque, Antoine Grémare, Nicolas Dubosq, Bruno Deflandre, and Márcio Murilo Barboza Tenório
Subjects: Total organic carbon, Remineralisation, Oceanography, Environmental science, Transient (oscillation), Bay
Published: 2021

25. Early diagenetic processes in an eutrophic estuarine system: indices of sediment contribution to summer hypoxia of the Loire?

Author: Grégoire Maillet, Sabine Schmidt, Bruno Deflandre, Aurélia Mouret, Eric Bénéteau, Sophie Sanchez, Edouard Metzger, Sylvain Rigaud, Hervé Derriennic, Vivien Hulot, Laboratoire de Planétologie et Géodynamique [UMR 6112] (LPG), Université d'Angers (UA)-Université de Nantes - UFR des Sciences et des Techniques (UN UFR ST), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Environnements et Paléoenvironnements OCéaniques (EPOC), Observatoire aquitain des sciences de l'univers (OASU), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, Oceanography, 13. Climate action, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Sediment, Hypoxia (environmental), Environmental science, Estuary, Eutrophication, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 6. Clean water, Diagenesis
Abstract: International audience
Published: 2021

26. Biostratigraphic indices for Lower Jurassic carbonate-platform deposits (Perdido Group), Overthrust Terrane Association, Timor-Leste

Author: Isaias Santos Barros, David W. Haig, Eujay McCartain, Rossana Martini, Sylvain Rigaud, and Jose Nano
Subjects: Rift, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Carbonate platform, Fauna, Pliensbachian, Geology, Foraminifera, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 01 natural sciences, Paleontology, Gondwana, chemistry.chemical_compound, chemistry, Group (stratigraphy), Facies, ddc:550, Carbonate, Bahamian facies, Sinemurian, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Earth-Surface Processes, Terrane
Abstract: Lower Jurassic carbonate-platform deposits in Timor-Leste have been subject to much controversy. The Perdido Group contains the Bahamian-type facies shallow-water limestone of the Lower Jurassic that had been mixed with an upper Oligocene–lowest Miocene carbonate unit in Audley-Charles's Cablac Limestone. Foraminiferal assemblages from five sites in the Perdido Group are used to confirm a Sinemurian–Pliensbachian age. Species recorded for the first time from Timor and from the broader region, are Biokovina sp., Bosniella oenensis Gusic, Endotriadella ifranensis Bassoullet, Boutakiout, Vachard, Lituosepta recoarensis Cati, Palaeocyclammina complanata Bassoullet, Boutakiout and Echarfaoui, Planisepta compressa (Hottinger), and Radoicicina ciarapicae Gale, Barattolo and Rettori. Previously Siphovalvulina spp. and Meandrovoluta asiagoensis Fugagnoli and Rettori were described from the group. These species allow distinction between the Perdido Group (part of the Overthrust Terrane Association in Timor-Leste) and the carbonate-platform Upper Triassic Bandeira Group (part of the East Gondwana Interior Rift Association). No equivalent facies coeval with the Perdido Group and with similar foraminiferal assemblages have been recognized in the Indonesian, Malayasian, Timor-Leste, or north-west Australian regions. The closest known Sinemurian–Pliensbachian occurrence containing some of the species found in the Perdido Group, is in Western Thailand, with a fauna including Lituosepta cf. recoarensis.
Published: 2021

27. Unravelling the paleoecology of flat clams: new insights from an Upper Triassic halobiid bivalve

Author: Simon W. Poulton, Rossana Martini, Nicolo Del Piero, Satoshi Takahashi, and Sylvain Rigaud
Subjects: Taphonomy, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Outcrop, Population, 02 engineering and technology, Oceanography, 01 natural sciences, Bottom water, Paleontology, Flat clams, ddc:550, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, 14. Life underwater, education, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Global and Planetary Change, education.field_of_study, Paleo-redox, Nekton, 020206 networking & telecommunications, Anoxic waters, Halobiid bivalves, Paleoenvironment, Facies, Upper Triassic, Paleoecology, Geology
Abstract: Flat clams are ubiquitous in marine Triassic and Jurassic deep-water environments, where they are often recovered as mono- or pauci-specific assemblages. Their abundance in deep-water facies deposited under oxygen-depleted conditions suggests a potentially unique, but nevertheless debated, paleoecology. The distribution of Halobia cordillerana in an Upper Triassic hemipelagic succession outcropping at Tsiko Lake, Vancouver Island, Canada, serves as a revealing case study. There, deep-water deposits were investigated using a multi-disciplinary approach including facies description (mineralogical, fossil and organic content), taphonomy, morphometry, microscopy (cathodoluminescence, scanning-electron microscope) and independent paleo-redox proxy constraints (framboidal pyrite distributions, Fe speciation). Overall, halobiids' taphonomy at Tsiko Lake is indicative of in situ accumulations with little or no reworking. Among the hemipelagic deposits, three major litho-biofacies (BFC 1, 2, 3) were identified; paleo-redox proxies indicate that these litho-biofacies were deposited under different oxygen conditions ranging from extreme dysoxic (BFC 1) to dominantly euxinic (BFC 3). The distribution of H. cordillerana is shown to be directly influenced by bottom water oxygenation with this organism peaking both in abundance and dimensions under extreme dysoxic to anoxic conditions (i.e. BFC 1 & 2). Conversely, under prevailing euxinic conditions (i.e. BFC 3), the population of H. cordillerana is dominated by forms at larval or post-larval stage which were presumably killed by water-column euxinia. Thus, although the species is here shown to have lived most likely as an epibenthic recliner, an early (larval) planktonic/nektonic stage is needed to explain its mode of occurrence during dominantly euxinic conditions (i.e. BFC 3), and its wide distribution and rapid expansion. Finally, this study highlights the colonizing capacity of halobiids in case of restored oxygen conditions, stressing the potential significance of flat clams for paleoenvironmental reconstruction.
Published: 2020

28. UPPER TRIASSIC CALCAREOUS ALGAE FROM THE PANTHALASSA OCEAN

Author: Bucur, I. I., sylvain rigaud, Piero, N. D., Fucelli, A., Heerwagen, E., Peybernes, C., Peyrotty, G., Verard, C., Chablais, J., and Martini, R.
Subjects: lcsh:Geology, 010506 paleontology, lcsh:Paleontology, lcsh:QE1-996.5, ddc:550, Calcareous algae, Dasycladales, Bryopsidales, Rhodophyta, Upper Triassic, Panthalassa, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, lcsh:QE701-760, 01 natural sciences, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract: Upper Triassic calcareous algae, abundant and well-diversified in Tethyan deposits, have rarely been described in rocks of Panthalassan origin. Over the past ten years, several studies were performed on Upper Triassic carbonate deposits of Panthalassan affinity in North America, Japan and Far East Russia, revealing unexpectedly rich and diversified assemblages. The samples were collected from nine localities situated on both sides of the Pacific Ocean. The identified algal assemblage consists of green and red algae, including fourteen dasycladaleans, rare bryopsidaleans, and several rhodophyceans. This paper describes the main algal taxa, including six new species: Holosporella? rossanae Bucur & Del Piero n. sp., Holosporella magna Bucur & Fucelli n. sp., Griphoporella minuta Bucur & Peybernes n. sp., Patruliuspora pacifica Bucur, Del Piero & Peyrotty n. sp., Patruliuspora oregonica Bucur & Rigaud n. sp. and Collarecodium? nezpercae Bucur & Rigaud n. sp. Rivulariacean-like cyanobacteria and thaumatoporellacean algae are also present. The whole Panthalassan algal assemblage comprises both unknown (?endemic) and common taxa of the Tethyan domain. To explain the cosmopolitan distribution of various Upper Triassic benthic organisms scleractinian corals, calcified sponges, foraminifera), a close connection with the Tethys Ocean was hypothesized by different authors. During the Late Triassic, the Tethys was open to the east on the Western Panthalassa but not to the west, suggesting that Triassic calcareous algae were able to efficiently colonize environments that are estimated to be more than 10’000 km apart. An adventitious transport of calcareous algae and/or their spores is proposed to explain this long-range algal dispersal., RIVISTA ITALIANA DI PALEONTOLOGIA E STRATIGRAFIA , V. 126 N. 2 (2020)
Published: 2020

29. Recognition of upper Triassic temperate foraminiferal assemblages: Insights from the Khodz Group (NW Caucasus, Russia)

Author: Roberto Rettori, Sylvain Rigaud, Maurizio Gaetani, Luka Gale, Joachim Blau, Rossana Martini, and Valerio Gennari
Subjects: Caucasus, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Stratigraphy, 02 engineering and technology, Oceanography, 01 natural sciences, Russia, Sedimentary depositional environment, Paleontology, Sponge spicule, Foraminifers, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, ddc:550, Reef, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Global and Planetary Change, geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, biology, Turris, Laurasia, 020206 networking & telecommunications, Ocean acidification, biology.organism_classification, Wackestone, Benthic zone, Upper Triassic, Geology
Abstract: A more than 300 m thick succession of thick-bedded pink to grey limestone of the Norian – Rhaetian Khodz Group in the NW Caucasus serves to document the development of a temperate carbonate ramp during the final stages of the Cimmerian orogeny. Limestone samples were collected on the west side of Mt. Kolokolnia. The lower part of the Khodz Group contains bioclastic packstone microfacies composed largely of heterotrophic organisms: bryozoans, brachiopods, echinoderms, bivalves, small benthic foraminifers, juvenile ammonoids, agglutinated worm tubes, gastropods, ostracods and sponges. The upper part is comprised of layers of wackestone with frequent evidences of short episodes of emersion. Sponge spicules locally predominate; very few coral fragments also occur. Foraminiferal assemblages of the Khodz Group contain a high proportion of involutinids, including Licispirella violae (Blau), L. iranica (Senowbari-Daryan, Rashidi & Torabi), Coronaserra deminuta (Blau), Coronipora sp., ?Kristantollmanna bicarinata (Blau), Frentzenella perforata Rigaud, Blau, Martini & Rettori, ?Involutina turgida Kristan, ?Trocholina turris Frentzen, and T. ex gr. intermedia/umbo Frentzen, together with porcelaneous foraminifers such as Galeanella tollmanni (Kristan), and Decapoalina schaeferae (Zaninetti, Altiner, Dager & Ducret), which are typical reef dwellers in tropical platforms. Such faunal and foraminiferal association points to a shallow (photic zone) marine depositional environment. Trocholinids are among the most successful survivors of the end-Triassic crisis. The rich occurrence of diversified trocholinids in temperate Triassic seas at high latitudes within the western Eastern Laurasia palaeobiogeographic province suggests that: 1) temperate areas may have played an important role as refugia for marine life during this major biotic event, and 2) the importance of ocean acidification in the selective extinction of marine organisms is overestimated.
Published: 2020

30. Recognition of Upper Triassic temperate foraminiferal assemblages: insights from the Khodz Group (NW Caucasus, Russia)

Author: Luka, Gale, Sylvain, Rigaud, Gennari, Valerio, Joachim, Blau, Rettori, Roberto, Rossana, Martini, and Gaetani, Maurizio
Published: 2020

31. Sedimentology and biostratigraphy of upper Triassic atoll-type carbonates from the Dalnegorsk area, Taukha terrane, far East Russia

Author: Sylvain Rigaud, Rossana Martini, I. Kemkin, and Giovan Peyrotty
Subjects: 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Carbonate platform, Microfacies, 02 engineering and technology, Biostratigraphy, Oceanography, Far East Russia, 01 natural sciences, Sedimentary depositional environment, Paleontology, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, ddc:550, Atoll-type carbonates, Sedimentology, Reef, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Terrane, Global and Planetary Change, geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, 020206 networking & telecommunications, Panthalassa, Benthic foraminifers, Facies, Upper Triassic, Far East, Geology
Abstract: Contrary to their Tethyan counterparts, and despite substantial research, Upper Triassic shallow-water limestone from the Panthalassa Ocean remain poorly known. Their understanding is yet crucial to better constrain past depositional, ecologic, geographic and geodynamic conditions out of the Tethyan domain, and to better assess life evolution and recovery following the greatest Permo-Triassic biological crisis. The Taukha terrane, located in a poorly studied area of the Sikhote-Alin mountain range (Primorsky and Khabarovsk Kraya, Far East Russia) is a key Panthalassan terrane. Near Dalnegorsk City, North-East of Vladivostok, on the northern part of the Taukha terrane, Upper Triassic marine carbonates abound. They show a clear affinity with Panthalassan terranes of both Japan and North America. There, eleven new localities have been extensively sampled, described and interpreted. Based on field observations and facies analysis, eight major facies, corresponding to specific depositional environments within a carbonate platform, have been established. A conceptual depositional model corresponding to a mid-oceanic atoll-type system composed of well-developed lagoon, fringing patch reefs and oolitic shoals is proposed. The foraminiferal assemblages allow refining the age of the carbonate system to the Norian, and locally, exclusively to the lower/middle and the middle parts of the Norian.
Published: 2020

32. The influence of particle concentration and composition on the fractionation of 210Po and 210Pb along the North Atlantic GEOTRACES transect GA03

Author: Thomas M. Church, Gillian Stewart, Sylvain Rigaud, Phoebe J. Lam, and Yi Tang
Subjects: Radionuclide, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Geotraces, Mineralogy, Fractionation, 010501 environmental sciences, Aquatic Science, Particulates, Oceanography, 01 natural sciences, Partition coefficient, Water column, Geography, 13. Climate action, Principal component analysis, 14. Life underwater, Transect, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract: The disequilibrium between 210Po and 210Pb has been used as a proxy for the particle flux from the upper ocean. The particle concentration and composition effect on the partitioning behavior of 210Po and 210Pb is, however, still unclear. Here, we investigate this association by comparing dissolved ( 51 µm) 210Po and 210Pb activity with size-fractionated major particle concentration and composition data from the US GEOTRACES GA03 zonal transect cruises. We observed inverse relationships between partition coefficients (Kd) for the radionuclides and the concentration of suspended particulate matter (SPM) in the water column, known as the “particle concentration effect.” We examined the relationships between 210Po, 210Pb, and particle composition in the top 500 m by using Pearson pairwise correlations for individual phases and principal components analysis (PCA) for variations among multiple phases. In addition to these analyses, an end-member mixing model was developed to estimate Kd for 210Po and 210Pb in the small particulate size fraction from the compositional phases. The model predicted the range of observed Kd(Pb) well, but was unable to predict the observed Kd(Po) as consistently, possibly because of the bio-reactive nature of 210Po. Despite this, we found a strong relationship between 210Po and both CaCO3 and POM, as well as between 210Pb and both opal and lithogenic phases. All of our analyses demonstrated that the fractionation of 210Po and 210Pb differed between the margins and open ocean along the GA03 transect.
Published: 2017

33. A device for sampling chemical gradients in the benthic water column

Author: Daniel Cossa, Bastien Thomas, Joël Knoery, Sylvain Rigaud, Germain Gregory, Biogéochimie et Ecotoxicologie (IFREMER BE), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer - Atlantique (IFREMER Atlantique), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER), Laboratoire Biogéochimie des Contaminants Métalliques (LBCM), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Centre atlantique, Nantes, Détection, évaluation, gestion des risques CHROniques et éMErgents (CHROME) / Université de Nîmes (CHROME), and Université de Nîmes (UNIMES)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Hydrology, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, Sampling (statistics), Ocean Engineering, 01 natural sciences, 6. Clean water, Water column, Benthic zone, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Environmental science, 14. Life underwater, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract: In aquatic environments, the benthic water column exhibits strong concentration gradients of various substances. They result from transfers and chemical reactions that may occur both within this layer, and at the sediment–water interface (SWI). Characterization of these gradients yields important information for the quantification of such processes and transfers. However, it is difficult to actually sample these gradients in the field, since turbulence decreases their vertical scale. This article describes a sampler designed to collect simultaneously 16 discrete water column samples at a centimeter‐scale vertical resolution. This small device (40 × 40 × 60 cm) is reliable, safe to handle, and easily deployed from a small boat using a cable or a Scuba diver. It is made of materials compatible with trace element and dissolved gases work, and simultaneously draws samples from various heights above the SWI into 60 mL syringes. The altitude of the sample inlets is field‐adjustable. Sampling artifacts are minimized by in situ flushing of tubing dead volumes, by rapid and simultaneous sample collection, and by sampling an undisturbed water‐column. Thus, this device can contribute to the characterization of vertical concentration gradients in benthic water‐columns. Such gradients of various compounds and metals from two coastal sites (Quiberon Bay and Berre Lagoon) are shown, illustrating the sampler's usefulness to describe and investigate processes in the benthic zone.
Published: 2019

34. How to assess trace elements bioavailability for benthic organisms in lowly to moderately contaminated coastal sediments?

Author: Olivier Radakovitch, Xavier Moreau, Laetitia De Jong-Moreau, Sylvain Rigaud, Perrine Chaurand, Nicolas Mayot, Jean-Marie Garnier, Détection, évaluation, gestion des risques CHROniques et éMErgents (CHROME) / Université de Nîmes (CHROME), Université de Nîmes (UNIMES), Centre européen de recherche et d'enseignement des géosciences de l'environnement (CEREGE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut méditerranéen de biodiversité et d'écologie marine et continentale (IMBE), Avignon Université (AU)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UMR237-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de recherche sur les transferts des radionucléides dans les écosystèmes aquatiques (IRSN/PSE-ENV/SRTE/LRTA), Service de recherche sur les transferts et les effets des radionucléides sur les écosystèmes (IRSN/PSE-ENV/SRTE), Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN)-Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN), Research Federation ECCOREV, INSU-CNRS EC2CO-BERTOX, Région Provence-Alpes-Côtes-d'Azur, GIPREB, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Collège de France (CdF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UMR237-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Avignon Université (AU), Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), and PSE-ENV/SRTE/LRTA
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Aquatic Organisms, Geologic Sediments, Bioavailability, Biological Availability, 010501 environmental sciences, Aquatic Science, Oceanography, 01 natural sciences, Metals, Heavy, 14. Life underwater, Ecosystem, Organism, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Polychaete, Trace elements, Environmental Biomarkers, biology, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, Sediment, Contamination, biology.organism_classification, Pollution, 6. Clean water, 13. Climate action, Benthic zone, Environmental chemistry, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Environmental science, France, Berre lagoon, Alitta succinea, Bioindicator, Water Pollutants, Chemical, Environmental Monitoring
Abstract: International audience; The bioavailability of trace elements (As, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Hg, Ni, Pb, Zn) in lowly to moderately contaminated coastal sediments from the Berre lagoon, France, was assessed by comparing their potentially bioavailable concentrations and bioaccumulated concentrations in the polychaete Alitta succinea. No linear correlations were observed contrarily to what is generally observed in similar works in areas with highly contaminated sediment. Correlations between trace and major elements (Fe, Ca, S, Mg, P, Al) in Alitta succinea tissues and their distribution in organism tissues show that, in such lowly to moderately contaminated sediments, biological variabilities should be considered. Normalization procedures allow to take into account these variabilities and to identify that sediment contamination is partly involved in the benthic ecosystem degradation of the Berre lagoon. Alitta succinea cannot be used as relevant bioindicator for Zn and Co bioavailability in sediment, since these elements are regulated by this organism.
Published: 2019

35. Corrigendum to 'Sedimentology and biostratigraphy of upper Triassic atoll-type carbonates from the Dalnegorsk area, Taukha terrane, far East Russia' [Global and Planetary Change 184 (2020)]

Author: Sylvain Rigaud, Giovan Peyrotty, Rossana Martini, and I. Kemkin
Subjects: Global and Planetary Change, geography, Paleontology, geography.geographical_feature_category, Type (biology), Atoll, Sedimentology, Biostratigraphy, Oceanography, Far East, Geology, Terrane
Published: 2021

36. Initiation of a reversal to uniseriality in the polymorphinid Nodocantabricus duplexmurus n. gen., n. sp.: A double-layered Foraminifera from the lower-middle Cenomanian of Cantabria, N-Spain

Author: Sylvain Rigaud and Felix Schlagintweit
Subjects: 010506 paleontology, biology, Phylogenetic tree, Lineage (evolution), Paleontology, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, biology.organism_classification, 01 natural sciences, Cretaceous, Foraminifera, Monophyly, Nodosariidae, Benthic zone, Cenomanian, Geology, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract: The new benthic foraminifer Nodocantabricus duplexmurus n. gen., n. sp. is introduced from the lower-lower middle Cenomanian of the Bielba and Altamira formations (North Cantabrian Basin, Spain). This distinctive and atypical Polymorphinidae combines primitive and advanced test characteristics. On the one hand, it fully develops uniserially arranged chambers from an initial spiral coiling, a tendency usually observed in advanced polymorphinids. On the other hand, it possesses a composite, double-layered calcitic wall, made of inner dark microgranular and outer fibro-hyaline layers, a structure seldom documented in post-Paleozoic foraminifers. In the Cretaceous, various polymorphinid groups record significant diversification periods, which taxonomic, phylogenetic and stratigraphic significances have not been evaluated yet. We here discuss the long term evolution of the family Polymorphinidae and its phylogenetic relationship(s) with the family Nodosariidae. A tendency to reversal in the chamber arrangement, from spiral to uniserial, is initiated in the Cenomanian. This evolutive inclination may later have originated a false “nodosariid” lineage, casting doubt upon the assumed monophyly of the family Nodosariidae.
Published: 2016

37. The GEOTRACES Intermediate Data Product 2017

Author: Thomas J. Browning, Hans-Jürgen Brumsack, Katharina Pahnke, Saeed Roshan, Stephanie Owens, Rosie Chance, Peter Croot, Steven van Heuven, Alison E. Hartman, Mercedes López-Lora, Pu Zhang, Heather A. Bouman, Géraldine Sarthou, François Lacan, Robyn E. Tuerena, José Marcus Godoy, Ester Garcia-Solsona, Steven L. Goldstein, Hans A. Slagter, Celia Venchiarutti, A. Russell Flegal, Emily Townsend, Ralph Till, Christopher T. Hayes, Melanie Gault-Ringold, Ros Watson, Peter N. Sedwick, Chandranath Basak, Bronwyn Wake, Loes J. A. Gerringa, Noriko Nakayama, Lars-Eric Heimbürger, Paul J. Morris, François Fripiat, Paul B. Henderson, Chris J. Daniels, Catherine Jeandel, Helen M. Snaith, Patrizia Ziveri, Toshitaka Gamo, Yanbin Lu, Oliver J. Lechtenfeld, Yingzhe Wu, Andreas Wisotzki, Hajime Obata, Cynthia Dumousseaud, Ashley T. Townsend, Sebastian Mieruch, Donna Cockwell, Laurent Bopp, Elena Masferrer Dodas, Bernhard Schnetger, J. K. Klar, Sunil K. Singh, Joaquin E. Chaves, Kuo-Fang Huang, Louise A. Zimmer, Laura F. Robinson, Michiel M Rutgers van der Loeff, Corey Archer, Feifei Deng, Karen Grissom, Robert Rember, Nicholas J. Hawco, Jingfeng Wu, Robert M. Sherrell, Rachel U. Shelley, Jan-Lukas Menzel Barraqueta, E. Malcolm S. Woodward, Fanny Chever, Yuichiro Kumamoto, Hélène Planquette, Dorothea Bauch, Frank Dehairs, Daniel C. Ohnemus, Akira Nishiuchi, Paul D. Quay, Sanjin Mehic, Zichen Xue, Maxi Castrillejo, Brian Peters, Michael J. Ellwood, Stephen R. Rintoul, Tobias Roeske, Jing Zhang, Gretchen J. Swarr, Peng Ho, Ken O. Buesseler, Gwenaelle Moncoiffe, Martin Frank, Maureen E. Auro, Abby Bull, David Kadko, Montserrat Roca-Martí, Maeve C. Lohan, Roulin Khondoker, Patricia Cámara Mor, Melissa Gilbert, Sebastian M. Vivancos, Erin E. Black, Santiago R. Gonzalez, Gideon M. Henderson, David J. Janssen, Sylvain Rigaud, Amandine Radic, Maxence Paul, Cyril Abadie, Ana Aguliar-Islas, Seth G. John, Marie Boye, Evgenia Ryabenko, Abigail E. Noble, Luke Bridgestock, Brian Duggan, Hisayuki Yoshikawa, Jun Nishioka, Kathrin Wuttig, Pieter van Beek, Jana Friedrich, Thomas M. Church, Maija Heller, Stephen J.G. Galer, Pier van der Merwe, Claire P. Till, Xin Yuan Zheng, Henning Fröllje, John Niedermiller, Howie D. Scher, Johnny Stutsman, Patricia Zunino, Christel S. Hassler, Ye Zhao, Tim M. Conway, William M. Landing, Yang Xiang, Katrin Bluhm, Maria T. Maldonado, Elena Chamizo, Sabrina Speich, Claudine H. Stirling, Guillaume Brissebrat, Matthew A. Charette, Jeremy E. Jacquot, Yu-Te Hsieh, Pinghe Cai, Ivia Closset, Yoshiki Sohrin, Ejin George, Jong-Mi Lee, Leopoldo D. Pena, Edward Mawji, Damien Cardinal, Catherine Pradoux, Martin Q. Fleisher, Virginie Sanial, Derek Vance, Craig A. Carlson, Pere Masqué, Katlin L. Bowman, Evaline M. van Weerlee, Oliver Baars, Ruifang C. Xie, María Villa-Alfageme, Hein J W de Baar, M. Alexandra Weigand, Tina van de Flierdt, J. Bown, Timothy C. Kenna, Kenneth W. Bruland, Jeroen E. Sonke, Hai Cheng, Mark J. Warner, Sven Ober, Rob Middag, Jessica N. Fitzsimmons, Emilie Le Roy, Yishai Weinstein, Nicholas R. Bates, Joerg Rickli, Daniel M. Sigman, Hendrik M. van Aken, Angela Milne, Cheryl M. Zurbrick, Gregory A. Cutter, Igor Semiletov, Marie Labatut, Torben Stichel, Pascale Lherminier, Gabriel Dulaquais, Jay T. Cullen, Christopher I. Measures, Mark Rosenberg, Tomoharu Minami, Mariko Hatta, Alexander L. Thomas, Gonzalo Carrasco, Karel Bakker, Clifton S. Buck, Maarten B Klunder, Willard S. Moore, Reiner Schlitzer, Tomas A. Remenyi, Susan H. Little, Eberhard Fahrbach, Charles R. McClain, Edward A. Boyle, Ursula Schauer, Linjie Zheng, Alex R. Baker, Emma Slater, Kay Thorne, Patrick Laan, Christina Schallenberg, Reiner Steinfeldt, Benjamin S. Twining, Yolanda Echegoyen-Sanz, Neil J. Wyatt, Alison M. Agather, Viena Puigcorbé, Peter Scott, Gillian Stewart, Matthew P. Humphreys, Frédéric A. C. Le Moigne, Phoebe J. Lam, Núria Casacuberta, Josh Helgoe, Edward C.V. Butler, Mark Rehkämper, Elizabeth M. Jones, Karen L. Casciotti, James W. Moffett, Tristan J. Horner, Sue Velazquez, Yuzuru Nakaguchi, Micha J.A. Rijkenberg, Antje H L Voelker, Joseph A. Resing, Lesley Salt, Eric P. Achterberg, Sven Kretschmer, Jan van Ooijen, Dominik J. Weiss, Moritz Zieringer, Carl H. Lamborg, Rick Kayser, Pierre Branellec, John M. Rolison, Sara Rauschenberg, Walter Geibert, Raja S. Ganeshram, Myriam Lambelet, Janice L. Jones, Chad R. Hammerschmidt, William J. Jenkins, Jordi Garcia-Orellana, Alessandro Tagliabue, Philip W. Boyd, Alan M. Shiller, Marcus Christl, Mark Baskaran, Mak A. Saito, Huong Thi Dieu, Morten B. Andersen, Kenji Isshiki, Taejin Kim, Christian Schlosser, Melanie K. Behrens, Albert S. Colman, Frédéric Planchon, Bettina Sohst, Andrew R. Bowie, Mark A. Brzezinski, R. Lawrence Edwards, Kristen N. Buck, Jeanette O'Sullivan, William M. Smethie, Wafa Abouchami, Valentí Rodellas, Ed C Hathorne, Robert F. Anderson, James H. Swift, Frank J. Pavia, Daniel Cossa, Lauren Kipp, Peter L. Morton, Fabien Quéroué, Alfred-Wegener-Institut, Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung (AWI), Centre for Automotive Safety Research, University of Adelaide, University of California, National Oceanography Centre (NOC), Scottish Association for Marine Science (SAMS), Department of Oceanography [Cape Town], University of Cape Town, Antarctic Climate and Ecosystems Cooperative Research Centre (ACE-CRC), Laboratoire d'études en Géophysique et océanographie spatiales (LEGOS), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Max Planck Institute for Chemistry (MPIC), Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, University of Toyama, Department of Marine Chemistry and Geochemistry (WHOI), Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (WHOI), Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research (NIOZ), Leibniz-Institut für Meereswissenschaften (IFM-GEOMAR), Department of Geology, Wayne State University [Detroit], The Bartlett, University College of London [London] (UCL), Institute for Environmental Research, Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule Aachen (RWTH), Laboratoire de Météorologie Dynamique (UMR 8539) (LMD), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-École des Ponts ParisTech (ENPC)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Département des Géosciences - ENS Paris, École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Department of Earth Sciences [Oxford], University of Oxford [Oxford], Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin (LEMAR) (LEMAR), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer (IUEM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Cycles biogéochimiques marins : processus et perturbations (CYBIOM), Laboratoire d'Océanographie et du Climat : Expérimentations et Approches Numériques (LOCEAN), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institute for Research on Learning, Services communs OMP - UMS 831 (UMS 831), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Marine Science Institute [Santa Barbara] (MSI), University of California [Santa Barbara] (UCSB), University of California-University of California, National Oceanography Centre [Southampton] (NOC), University of Southampton, Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer - Nantes (IFREMER Nantes), Université de Nantes (UN), University of Victoria [Canada] (UVIC), Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Universidad de Dakota del Sur, Analytical, Environmental and Geo- Chemistry, Vrije Universiteit [Brussels] (VUB), Wright State University, School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences [Plymouth] (SoGEES), Plymouth University, Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory (LDEO), Columbia University [New York], Alfred Wegener Institute [Potsdam], Institute of Global Environmental Change [China] (IGEC), Xi'an Jiaotong University (Xjtu), Institut méditerranéen d'océanologie (MIO), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Université de Toulon (UTLN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Mathematics and Science, National Taiwan Normal University (NTNU), School of Information Technology [Kharagpur], Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur (IIT Kharagpur), GEOMAR - Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research [Kiel] (GEOMAR), University of California [Davis] (UC Davis), Institut de Ciencia i Tecnologia Ambientals (ICTA), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona [Barcelona] (UAB), Institute of Low Temperature Science, Hokkaido University, The University of Tokyo, Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies [Horbat] (IMAS), University of Tasmania (UTAS), Joint Institute for the Study of the Atmosphere and Ocean (JISAO), University of Washington [Seattle], Institute of Geochemistry and Petrology, Détection, évaluation, gestion des risques CHROniques et éMErgents (CHROME) / Université de Nîmes (CHROME), Université de Nîmes (UNIMES), Centre européen de recherche et d'enseignement des géosciences de l'environnement (CEREGE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Collège de France (CdF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), School of Earth and Ocean Sciences, University of Victoria, Knowledge Media Institute (KMI), The Open University [Milton Keynes] (OU), Bermuda Biological Station for Research (BBSR), Bermuda Biological Station for Research, Department of Geosciences [Princeton], Princeton University, Kyoto University [Kyoto], Géochimie des Isotopes Stables (GIS), Géosciences Environnement Toulouse (GET), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES), School of Earth and Environmental Sciences [Queens New York], Queens College [New York], City University of New York [New York] (CUNY)-City University of New York [New York] (CUNY), SOEST, University of Hawai‘i [Mānoa] (UHM), Catholic University of Leuven - Katholieke Universiteit Leuven (KU Leuven), Bigelow Laboratory for Ocean Sciences, Department of Earth Science and Technology [Imperial College London], Imperial College London, Plymouth Marine Laboratory, Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science (RSMAS), University of Miami [Coral Gables], Tsinghua National Laboratory for Information Science and Technology (TNList), RITE, Research Institute of Innovative Technology for the Earth, Agricultural Information Institute (AII), Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Department of Mathematics [Shanghai], Shanghai Jiao Tong University [Shanghai], University of California [Irvine] (UCI), Institute of Environmental Science and Technology [Barcelona] (ICTA), University of California (UC), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule Aachen University (RWTH), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL), Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), University of Oxford, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer (IUEM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Southern California (USC), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Laboratoire d'Océanographie Physique et Spatiale (LOPS), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER), Services communs OMP (UMS 831), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France, University of California [Santa Barbara] (UC Santa Barbara), University of California (UC)-University of California (UC), Institut des Sciences de la Terre (ISTerre), Institut Français des Sciences et Technologies des Transports, de l'Aménagement et des Réseaux (IFSTTAR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR219-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Toulon (UTLN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Florida International University [Miami] (FIU), Department of Earth Science and Engineering [Imperial College London], Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research [Kiel] (GEOMAR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), British Oceanographic Data Centre (BODC), Institute of Low Temperature Science [Sapporo], Hokkaido University [Sapporo, Japan], The University of Tokyo (UTokyo), Institute of Geochemistry and Petrology [ETH Zürich], Department of Earth Sciences [Swiss Federal Institute of Technology - ETH Zürich] (D-ERDW), Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule - Swiss Federal Institute of Technology [Zürich] (ETH Zürich)- Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule - Swiss Federal Institute of Technology [Zürich] (ETH Zürich), College of Earth, Ocean, and Environment [Newark] (CEOE), University of Delaware [Newark], Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Knowledge Media Institute (KMi), Kyoto University, Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Academia Sinica, University of California [Irvine] (UC Irvine), Danish Technological Institute (DTI), Scientific Committee on Oceanic Research (SCOR) from the U.S. National Science Foundation [OCE-0608600, OCE-0938349, OCE-1243377, OCE-1546580], UK Natural Environment Research Council (NERC), Ministry of Earth Science of India, Centre National de Recherche Scientifique, l'Universite Paul Sabatier de Toulouse, Observatoire Midi-Pyrenees Toulouse, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Kiel Excellence Cluster The Future Ocean, Swedish Museum of Natural History, University of Tokyo, University of British Columbia, Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research, GEOMAR-Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, Alfred Wegener Institute, Scientific Committee on Oceanic Research, National Science Foundation (US), Natural Environment Research Council (UK), Ministry of Earth Sciences (India), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (France), Université Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (France), Universidad Autónoma de Barcelona, Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, Alfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research (Germany), Schlitzer, Reiner [0000-0002-3740-6499], Masferrer Dodas, Elena [0000-0003-0879-1954], Chamizo, Elena [0000-0001-8266-6129], Christl, M. [0000-0002-3131-6652], Masqué, Pere [0000-0002-1789-320X], Villa-Alfageme, María [0000-0001-7157-8588], Universitat de Barcelona, Natural Environment Research Council (NERC), Leverhulme Trust, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences, Carrasco Rebaza, Gonzalo, Echegoyen Sanz, Yolanda, Kayser, Richard A, Isotope Research, Ocean Ecosystems, Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer - Brest (IFREMER Centre de Bretagne), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Hassler, Christel, Schlitzer, Reiner, Masferrer Dodas, Elena, Chamizo, Elena, Christl, M., Masqué, Pere, and Villa-Alfageme, María
Subjects: Geochemistry & Geophysics, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Isòtops, sub-01, Geotraces, MODELS, Digital data, Context (language use), 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 01 natural sciences, IDP2017, Isotopes, Geochemistry and Petrology, Oceans, Electronic atlas, ddc:550, 0402 Geochemistry, 14. Life underwater, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, NetCDF, [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, Trace elements, Science & Technology, Information retrieval, ACL, Geology, computer.file_format, Ocean Data View, Metadata, Data processing, GEOTRACES, 0403 Geology, Data extraction, 13. Climate action, Data quality, Physical Sciences, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, 0406 Physical Geography and Environmental Geoscience, computer, Processament de dades, Trace elements Isotopes
Abstract: The GEOTRACES Intermediate Data Product 2017 (IDP2017) is the second publicly available data product of the international GEOTRACES programme, and contains data measured and quality controlled before the end of 2016. The IDP2017 includes data from the Atlantic, Pacific, Arctic, Southern and Indian oceans, with about twice the data volume of the previous IDP2014. For the first time, the IDP2017 contains data for a large suite of biogeochemical parameters as well as aerosol and rain data characterising atmospheric trace element and isotope (TEI) sources. The TEI data in the IDP2017 are quality controlled by careful assessment of intercalibration results and multi-laboratory data comparisons at crossover stations. The IDP2017 consists of two parts: (1) a compilation of digital data for more than 450 TEIs as well as standard hydrographic parameters, and (2) the eGEOTRACES Electronic Atlas providing an on-line atlas that includes more than 590 section plots and 130 animated 3D scenes. The digital data are provided in several formats, including ASCII, Excel spreadsheet, netCDF, and Ocean Data View collection. Users can download the full data packages or make their own custom selections with a new on-line data extraction service. In addition to the actual data values, the IDP2017 also contains data quality flags and 1-σ data error values where available. Quality flags and error values are useful for data filtering and for statistical analysis. Metadata about data originators, analytical methods and original publications related to the data are linked in an easily accessible way. The eGEOTRACES Electronic Atlas is the visual representation of the IDP2017 as section plots and rotating 3D scenes. The basin-wide 3D scenes combine data from many cruises and provide quick overviews of large-scale tracer distributions. These 3D scenes provide geographical and bathymetric context that is crucial for the interpretation and assessment of tracer plumes near ocean margins or along ridges. The IDP2017 is the result of a truly international effort involving 326 researchers from 25 countries. This publication provides the critical reference for unpublished data, as well as for studies that make use of a large cross-section of data from the IDP2017. This article is part of a special issue entitled: Conway GEOTRACES - edited by Tim M. Conway, Tristan Horner, Yves Plancherel, and Aridane G. González., National Science Foundation (U.S.) (Grant OCE-0608600), National Science Foundation (U.S.) (Grant OCE0938349), National Science Foundation (U.S.) (Grant OCE-1243377), National Science Foundation (U.S.) (Grant OCE-1546580)
Published: 2018

38. Transient biogeochemistry in intertidal sediments: New insights from tidal pools in Zostera noltei meadows of Arcachon Bay (France)

Author: Olivier Maire, Dominique Poirier, Bruno Deflandre, Pierre Anschutz, Sylvain Rigaud, Jean-Claude Duchêne, Guillaume Bernard, Détection, évaluation, gestion des risques CHROniques et éMErgents (CHROME) / Université de Nîmes (CHROME), Université de Nîmes (UNIMES), UMR 5805 Environnements et Paléoenvironnements Océaniques et Continentaux (EPOC), Observatoire aquitain des sciences de l'univers (OASU), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Biogeochemical cycle, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Dissolved silica, Intertidal zone, Oceanography, 01 natural sciences, Water column, [SDU.STU.GC]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geochemistry, Environmental Chemistry, 14. Life underwater, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Water Science and Technology, Zostera noltei, biology, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, Sediment, Biogeochemistry, General Chemistry, biology.organism_classification, 6. Clean water, 13. Climate action, Benthic zone, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Environmental science
Abstract: International audience; Several studies highlighted the occurrence of circular pools in intertidal flats of different coastal systems and their transient water chemistry over both tidal and diurnal cycles. However, little is known about (1) the response of benthic biogeochemical reactions and fluxes at the sediment-water interface over such short time scales, and (2) the role of these tidal pools in the biogeochemical functioning of coastal systems. Based on in situ microprofiles and water sampling, we investigated the dynamics of dissolved oxygen (O2), nutrients, sulfides and metals, and the associated fluxes at the sediment-water interface in tidal pools from the Arcachon Bay (Atlantic coast of France). Our integrative approach included several tidal and diurnal cycles over two different seasons in the presence and absence of Zostera noltei. The results show that water temperature and light irradiance were the main factors driving the biogeochemical functioning of the tidal pools, as they controlled the physiological activity of the microphytobenthos. Changes in light radiations induced diurnal fluctuations of O2 concentrations within surficial sediment, thus resulting in fluctuations of the O2 diffusive fluxes at the sediment-water interface and of the O2 penetration depth in sediment. At high tide, the increase in turbulence above the sediment induced the advection of oxygenated water within the first millimeters of sediment, resulting in a significant increase in porewater O2 concentrations and sediment O2 penetration depth. Porewater sulfide concentrations and apparition depth were concomitant with the O2 dynamic over both diurnal and tidal cycles, indicating that intermediate redox diagenetic processes were impacted by O2 dynamic over such short time-scale. The rapid changes in redox processes in the sediment column are confirmed by a significant flux of dissolved manganese toward the water column during nighttime. The consumption of nitrate and the release of ammonium and phosphate, associated to the mineralization of the organic matter in the surface sediment did not appeared related however to such short time cycles. The efflux of dissolved silica from the sediment was most likely associated with the enhanced dissolution of Si-bearing particles in surface sediment at higher temperatures, although silica uptake by Z. noltei was also noted. This study clearly shows that tidal pools function as natural incubators of transient biogeochemical processes. A rough assessment of the nutrient budget at the scale of the bay indicates the tidal pools may contribute significantly to the biogeochemical functioning of Arcachon Bay.
Published: 2018

39. Modeling the influence of eutrophication and redox conditions on mercury cycling at the sediment-water interface in the Berre Lagoon

Author: Joël Knoery, Elizaveta Protsenko, Raoul-Marie Couture, Alice Newton, Olivier Radakovitch, Dominika Krzeminska, Svetlana Pakhomova, Daniel Cossa, Evgeniy Yakushev, Shamil Yakubov, Sylvain Rigaud, Norwegian Institute for Air Research (NILU), Norwegian University of Science and Technology [Trondheim] (NTNU), P.P. Shirshov Institute of Oceanology (SIO), Russian Academy of Sciences [Moscow] (RAS), Norwegian Institute for Water Research (NIVA), Détection, évaluation, gestion des risques CHROniques et éMErgents (CHROME) / Université de Nîmes (CHROME), Université de Nîmes (UNIMES), Institut des Sciences de la Terre (ISTerre), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-PRES Université de Grenoble-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR219-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut Français des Sciences et Technologies des Transports, de l'Aménagement et des Réseaux (IFSTTAR)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer - Nantes (IFREMER Nantes), Université de Nantes (UN), Département de Chimie, Université Laval, Université Laval, Centre européen de recherche et d'enseignement des géosciences de l'environnement (CEREGE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Collège de France (CdF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN), Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht (GKSS), Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research (NIBIO), Centro de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental (CIMA), Universidade do Algarve (UAlg), Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Institut Français des Sciences et Technologies des Transports, de l'Aménagement et des Réseaux (IFSTTAR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR219-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer - Atlantique (IFREMER Atlantique), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER), Université Laval [Québec] (ULaval), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), PSE-ENV/SRTE/LRTA, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de recherche sur les transferts des radionucléides dans les écosystèmes aquatiques (IRSN/PSE-ENV/SRTE/LRTA), Service de recherche sur les transferts et les effets des radionucléides sur les écosystèmes (IRSN/PSE-ENV/SRTE), Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN)-Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN), and Norsk institutt for bioøkonomi=Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research (NIBIO)
Subjects: mercury, lcsh:QH1-199.5, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, biogeochemical modeling, BROM, chemistry.chemical_element, Ocean Engineering, lcsh:General. Including nature conservation, geographical distribution, 010501 environmental sciences, Aquatic Science, Oceanography, 01 natural sciences, VDP::Matematikk og Naturvitenskap: 400::Kjemi: 440::Miljøkjemi, naturmiljøkjemi: 446, Bottom water, [SDV.EE.ECO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Ecosystems, Water column, [SDU.STU.GC]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geochemistry, Sediment–water interface, 14. Life underwater, lcsh:Science, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Water Science and Technology, Global and Planetary Change, anoxia, Sediment, methylmercury, Eutrophication, Anoxic waters, 6. Clean water, lagoon, Mercury (element), eutrophication, chemistry, 13. Climate action, Bioaccumulation, Environmental chemistry, Mercury Cycling, Environmental science, lcsh:Q, Sediment-Water Interface, Berre Lagoon
Abstract: This study presents a specifically designed Mercury module in a coupled benthic-pelagic reactive-transport model - Bottom RedOx Model (BROM) that allows to study mercury (Hg) biogeochemistry under different conditions. This module considers the transformation of elemental mercury (Hg(O)), divalent mercury (Hg(II)) and methylmercury (MeHg). The behavior of mercury species in the model is interconnected with changes of oxygen, hydrogen sulfide, iron oxides, organic matter, and biota. We simulated the transformation and transport of Hg species in the water column and upper sediment layer under five different scenarios, combining various levels of oxygenation and trophic state in the Berre lagoon, a shallow eutrophic lagoon of the French Mediterranean coast subjected to seasonal anoxia. The first scenario represents the conditions in the lagoon that are compared with experimental data. The four other scenarios were produced by varying the biological productivity, using low and high nutrient (N and P) concentrations, and by varying the redox conditions using different intensity of vertical mixing in the water column. The results of the simulation show that both oxidized and reduced sediments can accumulate Hg, but any shifts in redox conditions in bottom water and upper sediment layer lead to the release of Hg species into the water column. Eutrophication and/or restricted vertical mixing lead to reducing conditions and intensify MeHg formation in the sediment with periodic release to the water column. Oxygenation of an anoxic water body can lead to the appearance of Hg species in the water column and uptake by organisms, whereby Hg may enter into the food web. The comparison of studied scenarios shows that a well-oxygenated eutrophic system favors the conditions for Hg species bioaccumulation with a potential adverse effect on the ecosystem. The research is relevant to the UN Minimata convention, EU policies on water, environmental quality standards and Mercury in particular. VISTA - a basic research program Norwegian Academy of Science and Letters 6164 Statoil 6164 project PREDHYPO A*MIDEX project - Investissements d'Avenir French Government program ANR-11-IDEX-0001-02 Norwegian Research Council SKATTEfunn project Aquatic Modeling Tools 272749 NILU CIMA IMBER Future Earth Coasts Future Earth Ocean KAN info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
Published: 2018

40. Rajkanella hottingerinaformis n. gen., n. sp., a new larger benthic foraminifer from the middle-upper Cenomanian of Kosovo

Author: Sylvain Rigaud and Felix Schlagintweit
Subjects: Sedimentary depositional environment, Paleontology, Benthic zone, Period (geology), Cenomanian, Test (biology), Biostratigraphy, Paleogene, Geology, Cretaceous
Abstract: A new larger benthic porcelaneous foraminifer of soritid affinity is described as Rajkanella hottingerinaformis n. gen., n. sp. from the middle-upper Cenomanian of Kosovo. It occurs in foraminiferal packstones and grainstones, in association with cuneolinids, rhapidionids, chrysalidinids, and other benthic foraminifers. Due to its general morphology and superficial chamber subdivision by exoskeletal elements, Rajkanella n. gen. can be compared with the early Paleogene genus Hottingerina Drobne, 1975, from which it mainly differs in its apertural features, ornamented test, and coiled adult stage. Further differences to coeval Pseudorhapydionina De Castro, 1971, Pseudorhipidionina De Castro, 1971, and to other comparable genera, are discussed. The discovery of Rajkanella hottingerinaformis in the middle-upper Cenomanian is a further witness of the significant radiation and blooming of increasingly complex porcelaneous foraminifers in inner platform, shallow-water depositional settings during that period.
Published: 2015

41. EARLY EVOLUTION AND NEW CLASSIFICATION OF THE ORDER ROBERTINIDA (FORAMINIFERA)

Author: Sylvain Rigaud, Rossana Martini, and Daniel Vachard
Subjects: 010506 paleontology, biology, Phylogenetic tree, Evolution, Lineage (evolution), Paleontology, New family, Foraminifera, Robertonellidae, Classification, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, biology.organism_classification, Triassic, 01 natural sciences, Microbiology, Order (biology), ddc:550, Robertinida, Geology, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Terrane
Abstract: The discovery of Triassic missing links in the Panthalassan domain (Wallowa terrane, U.S.A.) substantiates a direct lineage between internally simple Triassic multichambered aragonitic foraminifers and internally partitioned Jurassic Robertinida. A new hierarchical subdivision is accordingly proposed for the order Robertinida, which is emended to encompass all known post-Paleozoic aragonitic multicham-bered foraminifers. At the highest taxonomic level, the suborder Robertinina is distinguished from the suborder Duostominina emended to encompass forms without internal structures attached to the aperture, including the planktonic family Favusellidae and the controversial form Pragsoconu-lus. Two new families (Robertonellidae, Trochosiphoniidae), four new subfamilies (Cassianopapillariinae, Praereinholdel-linae, Pragsoconulinae, and Trochosiphoniinae), four new genera (Falsorheinoldella, Praerheinoldella, Robertonella, and Trochosiphonia), and seven new species (Falsorheinol-della ohmi, F. oregonica, Praerheinoldella galei, Robertonella rettorii, R. wallowensis, Trochosiphonia stanleyi, and T. josephi) are introduced. Phylogenetic links between Triassic robertinids, which experienced a rapid diversification during the Triassic, are clarified and their hypothetical long-term relationships with other foraminiferal groups are discussed.
Published: 2015

42. The benthic foraminifer Altamirella biscayana n. gen., n. sp. from the lower Cenomanian of Cantabria, N-Spain: A post-Palaeozoic fusulinan?

Author: Felix Schlagintweit, Markus Wilmsen, and Sylvain Rigaud
Subjects: Foraminifera, Paleontology, Paleozoic, biology, Benthic zone, Ecology, Taxonomy (biology), Tetrataxis, Mesozoic, Cenomanian, biology.organism_classification, Cretaceous
Abstract: The small benthic foraminifera Altamirella biscayana n. gen., n. sp. is described from the lower Cenomanian of the Bielba and Altamira formations (North Cantabrian Basin, Spain). Its trochospirally coiled test combines calcitic dark microgranular and fibro-hyaline layers, an arrangement reminiscent of that observed in Palaeozoic Tetrataxidae Galloway. As in Tetrataxis, these layers are built in successive phases and never form a double-layer sensu stricto. The significance of this distinctive wall structure for taxonomy, phylogeny, dispersal, survival and ecology is discussed. A similar wall organization is also observed in some trochospirally coiled Mesozoic forms such as Mohlerina Bucur, Senowbari-Daryan and Abate and might be inherent to epibenthic taxa developing elevated microhabitats.
Published: 2015

43. Bioavailability of copper in contaminated sediments assessed by a DGT approach and the uptake of copper by the aquatic plantMyriophyllum aquaticum

Author: Jean-Marie Garnier, Sylvain Rigaud, Matthias Grote, Amélie Caillat, and Philippe Ciffroy
Subjects: 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, biology, Chemistry, Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis, media_common.quotation_subject, Myriophyllum aquaticum, Sediment, chemistry.chemical_element, 010501 environmental sciences, biology.organism_classification, 01 natural sciences, Copper, 6. Clean water, Bioavailability, Speciation, 13. Climate action, Aquatic plant, Environmental chemistry, Environmental toxicology, Environmental Chemistry, Composition (visual arts), 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, media_common
Abstract: The assessment of the potentially harmful effects of metals on biota depends on the speciation and bioavailability of the metals. In this study, we investigated copper accumulation and toxicity in the aquatic plant Myriophyllum aquaticum after exposure to artificial sediments varying in peat and/or ferric hydroxide content and spiked with Cu (5 to 200 mg.kg-1). Modeling of the kinetic DGT (diffusive gradient in thin film) measurements revealed fast and slow copper resupply from the solid phase for sediment formulated with and without peat, respectively. M. aquaticum proved to be sensitive to copper, as the copper accumulation and growth differed depending on the sediment composition and copper concentration. Comparing the copper accumulation in M. aquaticum to total dissolved, free and CDGT (concentration in solution derived from DGT measurements) copper concentrations revealed that CDGT concentrations were a better predictor of the accumulation than the others. However, the relatively weak correlation observed (r2=0.6) and the fact that plant uptake does not increase proportionally to fluxes to DGT suggest that copper uptake in plants was not diffusion limited. Thus, the free copper concentrations near the root surface were sufficient to meet the plant's demand during the experiment. Furthermore, labile complexes that continuously resupply the Cu2+ pool may also contribute to the Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry
Published: 2014

44. Les Jantes du Nord, un exemple de fonctionnement collégial

Author: Sylvain Rigaud
Subjects: Applied Mathematics
Published: 2019

45. TAXONOMY AND PHYLOGENY OF THE TROCHOLINIDAE (INVOLUTININA)

Author: Roberto Rettori, Sylvain Rigaud, Joachim Blau, and Rossana Martini
Subjects: Synonym, Identification key, Biology, Northern Calcareous Alps, Microbiology, Oregon, Monophyly, Paleontology, Foraminifers, Phylogenetics, Genus, ddc:550, Involutinina, Late Triassic, Phylogeny, Taxonomy, Early Jurassic, Trocholinidae, Wallowa Mountains, New species, Evolutionary biology, Austria, New genera, Carbonate rock, Taxonomy (biology)
Abstract: Exceptionally well-preserved trochospirally coiled Involutinina have been found in Late Triassic (Wallowa Mountains, Oregon, U.S.A.) and Early Jurassic (northern Calcareous Alps, Austria) carbonate rocks. Their remarkable preservation, related to impregnation of the test prior to recrystallization, allowed us to observe features usually obliterated by diagenetic and metamorphic processes. This paper provides a revision of the morphology, structure, systematic position, phylogeny, and stratigraphic range of the family Trocholinidae Kristan-Tollmann. New criteria permitting the distinction between trocholinid genera, even in cases of intense recrystallization, are presented. An identification key and a new, monophyletic tree are proposed for the whole family. The main outcomes of this work are that 1) Neotrocholina Reichel is definitively excluded from the Involutinina; 2) the genera Andersenolina Neagu, Hottingerella Piller, and Septatrocholina BouDagher-Fadel and Banner are placed in synonymy with Coscinoconus Leupold; 3) the genus Ornatoconus di Bari is considered a synonym of Trocholina Schlumberger; 4) the distinction between the genera Auloconus Piller and Lamelliconus Piller is abandoned; 5) five new genera ( Coronaserra n. gen., Frentzenella n. gen., Kristantollmanna n. gen., Papillaconus n. gen., and Wallowaconus n. gen.) and three new species ( Frentzenella frentzeni n. gen., n. sp., Frentzenella perforata n. gen., n. sp., and Wallowaconus oregonensis n. gen., n. sp.) are introduced; 6) the species “ Trocholina intermedia ” Henson is reinstituted; 7) “ Trocholina gigantea ” Pelissie and Peybernes, and “ Semiinvoluta verrucosa ” Tollmann and Kristan-Tollmann are renamed Coscinoconus limognensis nom. nov. and Papillaconus kristani nom. nov., respectively; and 8) new combinations for several species of Trocholinidae are provided. The recognition of two subfamilies (Lamelliconinae and Trocholininae) and twelve genera within the Trocholinidae underlines the high diversity of the family. The rapid diversification and widespread distribution characterizing the group suggest that the potential of trochospirally coiled Involutinina in stratigraphic and paleoenvironmental studies is greatly undervalued.
Published: 2013

46. A methods assessment and recommendations for improving calculations and reducing uncertainties in the determination of210Po and210Pb activities in seawater

Author: Viena Puigcorbé, Núria Casacuberta, Thomas M. Church, Jordi Garcia-Orellana, Claudia R. Benitez-Nelson, Pere Masqué, Montserrat Roca-Martí, P. Camara-Mor, and Sylvain Rigaud
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Radionuclide, Propagation of uncertainty, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Chemistry, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, Sample processing, Spread sheet, Mineralogy, Ocean Engineering, Soil science, 01 natural sciences, Seawater, 14. Life underwater, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract: In marine systems, 210 Po and 210 Pb disequilibria are being increasingly used to examine oceanic particle for mation and export. Here, an updated assessment of current methods for determining 210 Po and 210 Pb activity in marine samples is provided and includes a complete description of the vast number of calculations and uncer tainties associated with Po and Pb loss, decay, and ingrowth during sample processing. First, we summarize the current methods for the determination of 210 Po and 210 Pb activities in dissolved and particulate seawater sam ples and recommend areas for improvement. Next, we detail the calculations and associated uncertainties using principles of error propagation, while also accounting for radionuclide ingrowth, decay, and recovery. A spread sheet reporting these calculations is included as a downloadable Web Appendix. Our analysis provides insight into the contributions of the relative uncertainty for each parameter considered in the calculation of final 210 Po
Published: 2013

47. Mobility and fluxes of trace elements and nutrients at the sediment–water interface of a lagoon under contrasting water column oxygenation conditions

Author: Olivier Radakovitch, Cédric Garnier, Sylvain Rigaud, Jean-Marie Garnier, Bruno Deflandre, Raoul-Marie Couture, Daniel Cossa, Centre européen de recherche et d'enseignement des géosciences de l'environnement (CEREGE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Collège de France (CdF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences [Waterloo], University of Waterloo [Waterloo], Environnements et Paléoenvironnements OCéaniques (EPOC), Observatoire aquitain des sciences de l'univers (OASU), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), IFREMER, Processus de Transfert et d'Echanges dans l'Environnement - EA 3819 (PROTEE), Université de Toulon (UTLN), Centre européen de recherche et d'enseignement de géosciences de l'environnement ( CEREGE ), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement ( IRD ) -Aix Marseille Université ( AMU ) -Collège de France ( CdF ) -Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ) -Institut national des sciences de l'Univers ( INSU - CNRS ), Environnements et Paléoenvironnements OCéaniques ( EPOC ), Observatoire aquitain des sciences de l'univers ( OASU ), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers ( INSU - CNRS ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers ( INSU - CNRS ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -École pratique des hautes études ( EPHE ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), PROcessus de Transfert et d'Echanges dans l'Environnement - EA 3819 ( PROTEE ), Université de Toulon ( UTLN ), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1 (UB)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1 (UB)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE)
Subjects: Biogeochemical cycle, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Chemistry, Sediment, 010501 environmental sciences, [ SDU.STU.GC ] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geochemistry, 01 natural sciences, Pollution, Anoxic waters, 6. Clean water, Diagenesis, [ SDE ] Environmental Sciences, Water column, [SDU.STU.GC]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geochemistry, 13. Climate action, Geochemistry and Petrology, Sediment–water interface, Benthic zone, Environmental chemistry, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Environmental Chemistry, 14. Life underwater, Dissolution, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract: Editorial handling by M. Kersten a b s t r a c t The early diagenesis of the major carrier phases (Fe and Mn minerals), trace elements (As, Co, Cr, Hg, MeHg, Ni) and nutrients (RNO 3 , NH þ 4 , RPO 4) and their exchange at the sediment water/interface were studied in the Berre Lagoon, a Mediterranean lagoon in France, at one site under two contrasting oxygen-ation conditions (strictly anoxic and slightly oxic) and at an adjacent site with perennially well-oxygen-ated water. From the concentration profiles of the primary biogeochemical constituents and trace elements of the pore and bottom waters, as well as the total and reactive particulate phases, it was pos-sible to locate and identify the diagenetic reactions controlling the mobility of trace elements in the sed-iments and quantify their rates by coupling one-dimensional steady-state transport-reaction modelling and thermodynamic speciation calculations. Under oxic conditions and in the absence of benthic organisms, the main redox reactions were well identified vertically in the surface sediments and followed the theoretical sequence of oxidant consump-tion: O 2 > RNO 3 =MnO 2 > FeðOHÞ 3 > SO 2A 4 . However, under anoxic conditions, only MnO 2 , Fe(OH) 3 and SO 2A 4 reduction were present, and they all occurred at the interface. The main biogeochemical controls on the mobility of As, Cr, Hg, MeHg and Ni in the surface sediments were identified as the adsorption/ desorption on and/or coprecipitation/codissolution with Fe oxy-hydroxides. In contrast, Co mobility was primarily controlled by its reactivity towards Mn oxy-hydroxides. In sulphidic sediments, As, Hg and MeHg were sequestered along with Fe sulphides, whereas Co and Ni precipitated directly as metallic sulphides and Cr mobility was enhanced by complexation with dissolved organic ligands. The fluxes of trace elements at the sediment–water interface are essentially dependent on the localisation of their remobilisation and immobilisation reactions under the interface, which in turn is governed by the ben-thic water oxygenation conditions and kinetic competition among those reaction and diffusion processes. Under oxic conditions, the precipitation of Fe or Mn oxy-hydroxides in the surface sediments constitutes the most efficient mechanism to sequester most of the trace elements studied, thus preventing their dif-fusion to the water column. Under anoxic conditions the export of trace elements to the water column is dependent on the kinetic competition during the reductive dissolution of Fe and/or Mn oxy-hydroxides, diffusion and immobilisation with sulphides. It is also shown that benthic organisms in the perennially oxygenated site have a clear impact on this general pattern. Based on the extensive dataset and geochem-ical modelling, it is predicted that the planned re-oxygenation of the entire lagoon basin, if complete, will most likely limit or reduce the export of the trace elements from the sediments to the water column and therefore, limit the impact of the contaminated sediment.
Published: 2013

48. Live (stained) benthic foraminifera from the Cap-Ferret Canyon (Bay of Biscay, NE Atlantic): A comparison between the canyon axis and the surrounding areas

Author: Sabine Schmidt, Edouard Metzger, Christophe Fontanier, Philippe Kerhervé, Roselyne Buscail, Bruno Deflandre, Frans Jorissen, Pauline Duros, Sébastien Zaragosi, Sylvain Rigaud, Florian Cesbron, Marie-Lise Delgard, Laboratoire d'études des fossiles et bio-indicateurs récents, Université d'Angers (UA)-UPRES EA 2644, Institut méditerranéen d'océanologie (MIO), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Toulon (UTLN)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), UMR 5805 Environnements et Paléoenvironnements Océaniques et Continentaux (EPOC), Observatoire aquitain des sciences de l'univers (OASU), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institute for Tropospheric Research (IFT), Centre de formation et de recherche sur l'environnement marin (CEFREM), Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Environnements et Paléoenvironnements OCéaniques (EPOC), Centre de Formation et de Recherche sur les Environnements Méditérranéens (CEFREM), Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre européen de recherche et d'enseignement des géosciences de l'environnement (CEREGE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Collège de France (CdF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Laboratoire des Bio-Indicateurs Actuels et Fossiles (BIAF), Université d'Angers (UA), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Toulon (UTLN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1 (UB)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1 (UB)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Bio-Indicateurs Actuels et Fossiles (BIAF), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Toulon (UTLN), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), and Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Canyon, geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, biology, Continental shelf, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, 15. Life on land, Aquatic Science, Oceanography, biology.organism_classification, 01 natural sciences, Foraminifera, Benthic zone, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Sediment gravity flow, Bathymetry, 14. Life underwater, Transect, Bay, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Geology, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract: Living (Rose Bengal stained) benthic foraminiferal faunas were investigated at 13 deep-sea stations sampled in the Cap-Ferret Canyon area (NE Atlantic). One station (151 m) is located on the continental shelf close to the canyon head. All other stations are located along 2 bathymetric transects: 7 sites along the canyon axis with depths ranging from 300 to 3000 m and 5 stations along the adjacent flank with depths ranging from 300 m to 2000 m. Sedimentological analyses indicate that the Cap-Ferret Canyon is at present inactive in terms of sediment gravity flow. Compared to stations on the adjacent flank, canyon-axis stations are generally characterised by shallow oxygen penetration depths, high diffusive oxygen uptakes (DOU) and high lipid contents. Higher mineralisation rates recorded in the canyon axis are likely due to a preferential focusing of labile organic matter in the canyon axis. Foraminiferal standing stocks do not exhibit any straightforward correlation with the different descriptors of organic matter available in the sediment. However, foraminiferal standing stock and diversity along the canyon axis are generally higher than on the adjacent flank. Canyon axis sites yield dominant species that are similar to those at adjacent flank and open slope stations located at comparable water depths. However, intermediate and deep infaunal species were only recorded in the lower canyon axis, where high amounts of organic matter were observed in deeper sediment layers. Finally, the faunal composition in the Cap-Ferret Canyon is different compared to the nearby Cap-Breton Canyon, where sediment gravity flows are active. The absence of pioneer species and the occurrence of highly specialized taxa are both consistent with the much more stable conditions in terms of hydro-sedimentary conditions prevailing in the Cap-Ferret Canyon.
Published: 2013

49. Effects of flow rates and composition of the filter, and decay/ingrowth correction factors involved with the determination of in situ particulate210Po and210Pb in seawater

Author: Sylvain Rigaud, Mark Baskaran, Gi Hong, Kanchan Maiti, Anupam Kumar, Hiu Choi, Thomas M. Church, and Ma Qiang
Subjects: Oceanography, Foundation (engineering), Environmental science, Ocean Engineering, Seawater, Particulates, Chemical oceanography, Filter (aquarium)
Abstract: NSF [OCE-0851032, OCE-0851462]; Korea Ocean Research and Development Institute; Marine Pubic Welfare Project [201005012-3]; Fujian Natural Science Foundation [2009J06026]; U.S. National Science Foundation, Chemical Oceanography Program
Published: 2013

50. New lineage of Triassic aragonitic Foraminifera and reassessment of the class Nodosariata

Author: Sylvain Rigaud, Felix Schlagintweit, Rossana Martini, and Daniel Vachard
Subjects: 010506 paleontology, Wallowa terrane, biology, Higher classification, Lineage (evolution), Paleontology, Aragonitic foraminifers, Nodosariida, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, biology.organism_classification, 01 natural sciences, Incertae sedis, Foraminifera, Taxon, ddc:550, Upper Triassic, Lagenida, 14. Life underwater, Origination, Geology, Phylogenetic relationship, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Terrane
Abstract: The new, atypical aragonitic foraminifer Tubulastella comans gen. et sp. nov. is described from the Late Triassic of Panthalassa (Wallowa terrane, north-east Oregon, USA). This rectilinear, undivided tubular form is closely related to ‘Coptocampylodon? rhaeticus', a Rhaetian incertae sedis commonly found in the western Tethys. Morphologically and structurally distinct from other aragonitic foraminifers, Tubulastella comans gen. et sp. nov. and T. rhaetica gen. et comb. nov. are part of an independent aragonitic lineage, here embodied by the family Tubulastellidae fam. nov. To understand the origination and taxonomic affinity of this unique taxon, a comparative study between Tubulastella and the calcitic syzraniid foraminifer Rectostipulina is carried out. Although these forms differ in wall composition, they present identical constructional patterns, providing evidence of their close phylogenetic relationship. The existence of an aragonitic branch in Nodosariata evolution deeply challenges current foraminiferal classifications and evolutionary hypotheses. We here propose to limit the class Nodosariata to a monophyletic group of bi- to plurilocular foraminifers originating from a Silurian earlandiid ancestor, and the order Nodosariida to a monophyletic lineage of primarily single-layered built foraminifers, which takes root in the Middle Pennsylvanian. This new classification reflects an evolutionary transition from calcitic to aragonitic walls, as documented in other shelled organisms, and definitively excludes calcitic unilocular foraminifers (i.e. Ellipsolagenidae and Lagenidae) from the class Nodosariata.
Published: 2016

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