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Background: Noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) are chronic diseases that are not transmitted from one person to another. Their impact on mortality, disease burden, and socioeconomic development in the countries makes the studies a priority for epidemiological surveillance. The objective of this study was to investigate the morbidity and mortality related to NCDs in the internal medicine department of the Hospital of Mali in order to determine their epidemiological profile of NCDs and to study their temporal trends in a hospital setting. Methods: We conducted a retrospective descriptive study from January 1 to December 31, 2021, including all patients admitted to the department during the period from January 1 to December 31, 2021. We used the World Health Organization (WHO) International Classification of Diseases (10th edition) for coding and grouping diagnoses into major diagnostic categories. Results: Of the 445 patients enrolled in this study, 385 were suffering from non-communicable diseases and 60 from communicable diseases. The distribution of non-communicable diseases shows that 70.4% were related to diabetes and complications, followed by high blood pressure and complications with 18.7%. Among the communicable diseases, Sepsis was predominant with 53.3% followed by malaria with 18.3% and Covid-19 with 11.7%. The overall percentage of deaths from non-communicable diseases was 76.6% and from communicable diseases was 23.4%. The percentage of specific deaths related to high blood pressure and its complications was 47.2% and that of diabetes was 41.6% among non-communicable diseases. Sepsis and viral hepatitis accounted for 72.7% and 18.2% respectively among the communicable diseases. Conclusion: We found an increase in the frequency of non-communicable diseases and a decrease in communicable diseases in the internal medicine department of the Hospital of Mali. Prevention of cardiovascular risk factors will lead to a significant decrease in morbidity and mortality caused by noncommunicable diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]