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Individuals diagnosed with cardiac diseases often experience poor mental health outcomes. However, grit, social support and internal locus of control can provide protective effects against poor mental health in patients diagnosed with cardiovascular diseases. The purpose of the present study was to assess the predictive and protective role of grit, internal locus of control and social support with regard to mental health of cardiac patients. A total of 250 cardiac patients had been sampled comprising 130 males and 120 females in the age range of 30 to 70 years selected through purposive sampling. Data collection was done using Rotter’s Locus of Control Scale, Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support, Duckworth Grit Scale and DASS-21. Data analysis was done using Pearson correlation and regression analyses using dummy coding. Results showed that among cardiac patients, being a male in the age range of 30 to 45 years of age, being married, having higher levels of education, higher scores on grit with an internal locus of control is associated with improved mental health. It is thus concluded that having an internal locus of control, higher levels of social support and being gritty is associated with improved mental health outcomes in cardiac patients.

This research was designed to analyze the effect of resilience, depression, behavioural vs. emotional engagement and metacognitive awareness on the achievement motivation of university students. Past research has highlighted the predictive role of cognitive and mental capabilities on the academic achievement of students. A correlational research design was used for the study and 425 participants were selected through purposive sampling and had an almost similar gender distribution. Data collection was done through the Hamilton Depression Inventory, Metacognitive Awareness Scale, Brief Resilience Scale, Engagement Vs. Disaffection with Learning Questionnaire and achievement motivation scale. The results showed that female students exhibited higher scores on resilience, metacognitive awareness, behavioural and emotional engagement, and high orientation towards success and achievement in comparison to their male counterparts who scored high on depression and further showed poorer scores on resilience, metacognitive awareness, and behavioural and emotional engagement.

Introduction: Substance abuse is social problem throughout the world due to which not only the life of addicted person but also his families especially his spouses are also affected. Aim: The current study aimed to explore the lived experiences of the spouses of substance abused men and the impact of their husband addiction problem on different aspects of their lives. Material and Method: The design of this study was a cross sectional study design and this study was conducted at Mayo Hospital Lahore. A sample size of eight (N=8) were recruited. Interview guide consists of open ended questions which were developed for the purpose of data collection. Semi structured interview approach was employed for conducting interview. Interpretative phenomenological analysis was used to analyse the interviews. Results: Results from analysis yielded eleven super ordinate themes. These includes social support, challenges on societal level, unhealthy home environment, unhealthy relationship supportive wife, financial instability, physiological problems, psychological complaints, change in personality, concerned mother and religious coping. Conclusion: The results will contribute to understanding the impact of substance abuse of men on their spouses. It will help in developing an educational program for those people who are the risk by increasing their awareness and changing their behavior for preventing addiction problem and will also aid in developing counseling plans for the spouses of substance abusers. Keywords: Substance abuse, Interpretive Phenomenological Analysis, Financial Instability, Religious Coping

The present study assessed the role psychosocial (social support, resilience and psychological distress) and clinical determinants (duration of disease and number of seizures per month) in predicting quality of life in epileptic patients. Past research findings have established the role of social support and resilience in impacting psychological distress in quality of life in epileptic patients. Objectives: To evaluate the psychosocial and clinical determinants of quality of life in epileptic patients and to contribute to the gap in the literature. Methods: A quantitative research design was used for the study in which out of 230 progressive patients, 200 were recruited for the study out of which 117 suffered from generalized and 73 suffered from focal epilepsy. In terms of gender differentiation, 110 were male and 90 were females. Kessler Psychological Distress Scale, Brief Resilience Scale and Social Provisions Scale were used. Clinical determinants were assessed through measuring disease duration and number of seizures per month. Data analysis was done using Pearson Product Moment Correlation, MANOVA and Mediation Analysis. Results: Results had shown that there is a significant negative predictive association of psychological distress with quality of life, social support and resilience. However, a significant positive predictive association was identified among psychological distress, duration of disease and number of seizures per month. Conclusion: Significant differences were identified in epileptic patients with regard to psychological distress (high/low) in terms of social support, resilience and quality of life. Social support and resilience significantly mediated the association between psychological distress and quality of life.

This research work aimed to determine the correlation between self-control, moral disengagement, and adolescent bullying behavior. Data was collected from the Government and private colleges of Gujranwala, Punjab, Pakistan. The sample consisted of 200 boys and girls student. Co-relational research design and convenient sampling were used to collect data from students using tools, i.e., demographic information form, brief self-control scale, moral disengagement bullying scale, and Illinois bullying scale. The verdict indicated that self-control has significantly negative correlated with bullying behavior, and moral disengagement has significantly positive correlated with bullying behavior. The findings also showed that self-control does not correlate with moral disengagement. Furthermore, this study also examines many other factors that have significantly co-related with bullying behavior in adolescents, like gender, parental education, living status, educational center, educational level, drug abuse, relation with friends, and home environment. This research guides future researchers in developing culturally related intervention plans and policies for preventing adolescent bullying behavior.

Aim: The Experimental study was carried out to investigate the effects of caffeine and caffeine withdrawal on mood, memory and mindful attention awareness of the students of Government College University, Lahore. Methodology: A total number of 24 participants aged between 18-26 years were recruited for the study from government college university among which there were 12 participants in the experimental and 12 participants in the control group. Furthermore, pretest and posttest equivalent group design was applied. Firstly, the standard progressive matrices (SPM) was used as a screening tool and then, to measure the effects of caffeine on attention awareness, memory and mood, the mindful attention awareness scale (MAAS), Wechsler memory scale (WMS) and brief mood introspection scale (BMIS) were applied. Results: The within group analysis was carried out by applying Friedman test which yielded the effects of caffeine and caffeine withdrawal on all the variables of the study. The lowest score of experimental group participants in posttest1 on these subscales indicates the impact of caffeine withdrawal while the score of participants on some subscales of these tests was not affected due to it. Conclusion: The findings of the experimental study helped to investigate the effects on caffeine and caffeine withdrawal on mood, memory and mindful attention awareness of university students. Most of the results of the present study were according to the results of researches that were conducted previously on caffeine but a few differed as well. The experimental study has implications for students, our society in general, researchers as well as for the parents of students. Keywords: Caffeine, withdrawal, effects, mood, memory and mindful attention awareness

The present study aimed to assess the role of hemispheric orientation, emotional sensitivity, cognitive imagination and their correlation with the well-being of fine artist students, as well as to evaluate the mediating role of social adaptation. A correlational research design was used, and a sample of 200 artists or people from art communities (100 males and 100 females aged 18 to 30) was selected using purposive sampling. The data collection was done through an open hemispheric brain dominance scale, the Creativity scale created by Kaufman (2012) (K-DOCS), an Emotional sensitivity self-assessment scale, the Mental Health Continuum-short form, and scales for Social adaptation. Data analysis was done through Pearson Product Moment Correlation, Independent Sample t-test, Multiple Regression Analysis, ANOVA and Mediation Analysis test. The results indicated that hemispheric orientation had a statistically significant association with creative imagination, emotional sensitivity, psychological well-being and social adaptation. Moreover, social adaptation significantly mediated the association between hemispheric orientation and creative imagination. The study adds to our understanding of the role of hemispheric orientation, social adaptation and emotional sensitivity in predicting the well-being and creative imagination of artists.

Being diagnosed with cancer is the most challenging time for the patient as well as for the family. Past research evidence has shown that cancer patients experience a poor quality of life. Therefore, the present study assessed whether grit, social support and post-traumatic growth had a protective effect on the quality of life of cancer patients in Pakistan. A correlational research design was used for the study. 150 Participants from various hospitals and labs have been approached to collect data, including 70 men and 80 women with an age range of 21-75 who were selected through purposive sampling while the sample size was finalized through G Power analysis with 95 % confidence intervals. The Grit Scale, Post Traumatic Growth Inventory, Multidimensional Scale for Perceived Social Support and Quality of Life Scale was used for data collection. Data analysis for the study was executed through Pearson Correlation Analysis, Stepwise Regression and mediation analysis via the process. Results were indicative of a significant positive predictive association between grit, social support, socioeconomic status as well as time since diagnosis on the overall quality of life. The results of the mediation analysis indicated that social support mediated the relationship between Grit and Quality of life. The study recommends the need to enhance psychosocial care measures and interventions aimed at enhancing the quality of life outcomes for cancer patients.

COVID-19 has become a global pandemic which has affected millions of people worldwide. It has become a global issue for the people of the world. The current study aimed to find whether there is any relationship between spirituality, Occupational stress and work family conflict among COVID-19 rescue responders or not. A sample of 180 COVID-19 rescue responders was selected through purposive sampling by selecting 5 rescue responders from each district of Punjab Province. Co relational research design used for this study and Data was collected by administering Health Safety Executive Standard Indicator Tool for occupational stress, Work Family Conflict Self Efficacy scale for work family conflict and Multidimensional Measure for Islamic Spirituality to rescue responders. Data was analyzed though SPSS by using statistical processes of regression, correlation and moderation along with calculating Percentage and frequencies of responses. Results of the study showed that spirituality moderates the relationship between occupational stress and work family conflict among COVID-19 rescue responders. It also showed that there was no significant effect of demographic variables on occupational stress, work family conflict and spirituality. This study is the first study on COVID-19 rescue responders. More research work may be done by other researchers to fully explore different aspects of spirituality, occupational stress and work family conflict among Rescue responders and emergency responders. Keywords: Spirituality, Occupational stress, Work Family Conflict, COVID-19, Rescue Responders.

A diverse workforce is made up of people of many different identities, backgrounds, etc., who all work well together. Both the pros and cons of having a diverse workforce help each other. You can't say that one aspect of diversity has the same effect on all the others, because each aspect of diversity can have different effects and results inside the organization. The goal of this paper is to look at the research done on the link between a diverse workforce and businesses and workers who are productive. We looked at a number of empirical publications based on the researcher's pre-set criteria. The research looked at what had already been written about workforce diversity and the effectiveness of organizations and their staff. This study was done with the help of quantitative methods. We also got information by asking questions whose answers we already knew. In this study, the top five textile factories in Punjab are the population of interest. As a sample, researchers in the textile industry in Punjab would talk to 545 workers. A questionnaire was used to find out information. The theoretical framework set up by reading the relevant literature was used to come up with the questions. The results of this research show that there is a paradoxical relationship between the performances of organizations.