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bstract: Security and safety are growing in popularity as time goes on, and they are being enhanced and utilised to make our lives easier. Technology has now permeated every aspect of human life, so protecting the security of one's home, place of business, or organisation cannot be overlooked. Developing a smart receptionist with a smart lock system was mostly done for security reasons. When the front entrance of the house, business, or organisation is closed, this clever security system is employed to detect a visitor. The Raspberry Pi and Telegram bot are used in this setup to issue commands that operate the door lock. In this system, anytime a person approaches the door, the PIR sensor detects their presence, activates the camera, records a 5- second video of the individual, and sends a notification to the user via Telegram. The system will open the door if the owner permits entry, and the door will remain locked if the owner forbids entry using commands sent through the Telegram bot.

Each organization provides transportation vehicles and employs people to keep records of the entry and exit of those vehicles. The entry and exit times of vehicles are recorded using RFID. Radio frequency identification (RFID) is a wireless technology system consisting of her two components of a tag and a system. Radio frequency identification (RFID) is also used for vehicle monitoring. How the use of electromagnetic or capacitive coupling in the high-frequency portion of the electromagnetic spectrum draws attention to objects, animals, or people. An RFID chip contains a radio transmitter that transmits a coded identification number when interrogated by a reader. Some of his RFID tags can be inspected from a few meters away, out of sight of the reader. Bulk reads allow near-parallel analysis of tags. This small type is incorporated into customer products for identification and even implanted in pets. RFID has many uses in our daily life. Tags can be attached to any object and used to track and manage inventory, people, and more. For example, it can be attached to vehicles, laptops, books, cell phones, etc., and the owner or student can use her Google spreadsheet to track the vehicle by location. User can scan her QR or access Google Sheets

Contactless Doorway Security System for Remote Monitoring and Control the usage of ESP32-CAM and a Cloud Server”. People need protection in every place viable while they’re into their houses or far from their houses. An anti-robbery device is a tool or approach used to save you or deter unauthorized intrusion or trespassing hobby in its insurance area. The carried-out device changed into evolved in a mixture of hardware and software. It’s a completely unique protection device made with low-value wi-fi digital digicam and sensors which ensured far-flung tracking and manipulate of doorways. The device empowered the consumer to screen the entrance by taking pictures of the usage of a high-performance wi-fi digital digicam i.e. ESP32-CAM connecting different gadgets and sensors in an IoT network. For different duties like manipulating digital door lock remotely, to click on greater pix, in addition, to get notifications a cloud server application „Blynk‟ changed into used over the clever-phone. A fundamental project changed into to expand this dynamic The Project suggested right here in and titled “Design & Implementation of an IoT Networked. Keywords: ESP32-CAM, Camera, IoT, Cloud, Blynk, Security, etc.

Falling down from a wheelchair is among the significant reasons for clinical issues that are faced by older individuals, small babies, and handicapped individuals. These individuals will more often harm themselves from tumbling down when they are alone. When a falling occasion happens, clinical consideration needs to give promptly to diminish the gamble of the faller from getting serious wounds that might prompt demise. A few advances have been created and a few used webcams to screen their exercises. Nevertheless, the cost of movement and foundation is exorbitant and only relevant for the indoor environment. Some clients additionally stressed over their security issues. The current marketed gadget is by wearing a wearable remote crisis transmitter which confines the development of the client and produces a high Phoney problem. This examination proposed a wheelchair-individual fall identification framework using Arduino and gyroscopic sensor which is financially savvy and dependable to identify falls and alarm encompassing to call for help. For fall discovery, the mpu6050 sensor GSM module and Arduino are carried out into the framework. At the point when fall occasions happen, the information incorporating the area of the wheelchair will be sent to the caretakers of that person and the alarm fixed to the device will be turned on automatically. Also, this framework requires less execution cost and gives a speedy reaction. It can introduce in the current business wheelchair. For the future proposal, a superior GUI configuration can be executed into the framework other than that, more discovery frameworks can be added to build the precision of the framework. Keywords: Sensor-Arduino, Wheelchair Fall detection, GSM module, mpu6050

Purpose: To describe the case of a uniocular patient with advanced primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) and age-related cataract in the right eye and microphthalmic left eye. Methods: A 73-year-old one-eyed man presented with four years of the painless, progressive dimness of vision in the right eye. The vision was 6/18 in the right eye, whereas the left eye had no light perception (NPL). In the left eye, severe ptosis and microphthalmos were detected, while the right eye had age-related cataracts, an open anterior chamber angle, intraocular pressure (IOP) of 30 mmHg, and progressive glaucomatous optic neuropathy. The IOP was dropped to 22 mmHg after a topical Timolol maleate (0.5%), Brimonidine tartrate (0.2%), and Brinzolamide (1%). As the patient had mature cataract, advanced glaucomatous optic nerve damage, target IOP was not reached, and adherence issues with antiglaucoma medications, the decision was made to proceed with cataract extraction combined with augmented trabeculectomy with mitomycin-C (MMC). Results: There were no intraoperative complications. Over one year, the IOP was maintained in the 12 - 14 mmHg range without antiglaucoma drugs (AGM). Conclusion: In advanced glaucoma patients, combined phaco-trabeculectomy operations can considerably lower IOP and drug load or compliance concerns with antiglaucoma drugs. This case represented an efficient and safe surgical technique for uniocular advanced primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG), particularly in a developing country like Bangladesh.

Vehicle leaving is a significant issue in metropolitan regions in both created and emerging nations. Following the quick increment of vehicle proprietorship, numerous urban communities are inadequate with regards to vehicle leaving regions. This awkwardness is somewhat because of incapable land use arranging and errors of room prerequisites during first phase of arranging. Lack of parking spot, high stopping duties, and gridlock because of guests in look for a stopping place are a couple of issues instances of regular stopping. Equal leaving is normally a driver's most terrible bad dream since, it requires the driver's abilities as well as builds the chance of different drivers finding their left vehicle. Independent vehicle leaving was acquainted with experience the above vehicle leaving issues. Keywords: Ultrasonic sensor, arduino, rf module.

Subsurface data integrity is a complex and critical task in any E&P company. It is starts from accurate planning then acquisition, processing, storing and further implementation for generating corporate value. This cycle time of data incorporation process should be quick to have maximum information before taken investment decision. Any delay of data incorporation considered as value loss. The objective is improving of existing process of data submission for reduction a total time of submission cycle. The process optimization of data submission done by following basic principles of Six Sigma methodology. This method has five main sequential steps: defining, measure, analyze, improve and control. The problem definition selected based on data submission KPI failure, such fact accepted by all stakeholders and included in project charter. The next step includes detailed measure and establishing an existing workflow. It helps to identify possible failures cases based on end-users group sessions and followed by identifying root causes. After that, solutions generated during brainstorm sessions and control mechanism established to assure the execution of process improvement implementation. By applying a systematic approach and gathering all stakeholders from different Company business units allows optimizing a multifunctional process of data delivery to improve corporate KPI and preserve value of the data. There are several solutions generated for implementation, developing an automated corporate tracking system for log data submission focus on timely awareness of stakeholders for required actions, reviewing an organizational role and responsibilities for each subunit to streamline communication channel. Another improvement related to frequent service quality meeting to monitor data delivery status and align between all involved parties like end user, contract team, data management and vendors. The last but not least solution focus on amending of existing service level agreement to capture missing technical features of logging data acquisition and interpretation at different steps of data submission (Figure 1). The economic effect is a combination of two parts, an additional production of newly drilled wells due to timely update of a reservoir model and avoiding a liquidated damage as result of late data access for the end users. An improvement of a workflow or business processes based on consistent Six Sigma method allows success implementation of technical SOP within the Company with broad organization chart. The benefit of initiation a process optimization project by technical end user is always aiming the existing failure in the process by solving which gain the entire company value.

Green synthesis nanoparticles were considered as an alternative effective resource instead of chemically engineered metal oxide nanoparticles. Using leaf extracts for green synthesis, essential for the reduction and oxidation process of the metals. Phyllanthus niruri (L.) and Aristolochia indica (L.) leaf extracts were used to synthesize yellowish brown coloured silver (Ag) and white coloured zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles. Synthesized green nanoparticles characterized by different spectroscopic analysis (XRD, XPS, FTIR, PL) and TEM. Characterization results confirmed the particles morphology, size, structure and also their optical and photonic properties. Three different concentrations of Ag and ZnO NPs were analysed against three (gram positive) and five (gram negative) bacteria. Increased levels of green synthesized Ag and ZnO NPs showed increased zone of inhibition than amoxicillin (positive control). Our study proved that the green synthesized Ag and ZnO NPs showed similar unique physical and chemical properties with metal oxide nanoparticles but less toxic while their discharge into the ecosystem.

Today in agricultural sector, identification of rice type is important and this should be accurate. The type of rice grain is determined by inspection officer using which the results are mostly relative and time consuming. It might also be affected by their mental state, etc. So to overcome the shortcomings that occur on reducing traditional methods that use neural networks. Also the quality plays a vital job in formatting the cost, which is to be paid to the farmer. Even this can be accurately calculated using image processing techniques. The image preprocessing techniques like gray scale conversion and median filtering are used. Image segmentation algorithms are applied and then some features are extracted and fed to the neural network as input. After the network is trained, test inputs are given to predict the type of rice.

From acid corroded iron plates five different types of actinobacteria were isolated. Among the five, JMCACA3 strain was selected for the present study. In ISP media, JMCACA3 strain showed well-developed aerial and substrate mycelia were observed. This strain showed good growth in 12 different carbon and 4 different nitrogen sources. The 16S rRNA sequence of phylogenetic analysis by neighbor-joining method identified the studied strain belongs to Streptomyces sp. The biodegradation activity of the strain analyzed by UV and FTIR analysis, which revealed that the various concentrations of Benzimidazole inhibitor with JMCACA3 culture showed slightly varied results. For weight loss method, mild steel coupons incubated with JMCACA3 culture, Benzimidazole inhibitor + JMCACA3 culture and mixed sample showed that JMCACA3 strain utilized the inhibitor as their energy source and the weight the coupons were slightly varied, evidenced by XRD spectra and showed Fe2O3 corrosion products. Our study concluded that the JMCACA3 strain, an iron-reducing actinobacteria which utilizes and converted the corrosion inhibitor Benzimidazole as their energy source. So, it is very urgent to develop more powerful corrosion inhibitor from green biocide or microbial-based biocide and their analog which incorporated into the pre-existing Benzimidazole to increase the corrosion inhibitor level against the biofilm of actinobacterial influenced corrosion.

Background Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) is pneumonia that develops two days (48 hours) after ventilator placement (Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 2016). VAP is the most common type of nosocomial pneumonia and a leading cause of morbidity and mortality particularly among intensive care unit (ICU) patients Objective: To study the association between oral health and ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) among critically ill patients. Methods: A prospective cohort study was conducted among 162 critically ill patients, chosen via non-probability – consecutive sampling, of both genders, aged 18 and above and newly intubated and treated with mechanical ventilator at a tertiary hospital. After taking written informed consent from the study subjects, data was collected using a structured, interview based questionnaire containing inquiries about basic biodata, sociodemographic details and disease particulars. Oral health status was assessed using Oral Health Assessment Tool (OHAT) and Plaque Index (PI). Clinical Pulmonary Infection Score >6, was assessed on Day 4 after intubation. The data obtained was analyzed using MS. Excel 360 and SPSS v. 21.0. Result: Among the 162 patients, 38.9% were females, while the remaining 61.1% were males. The mean age of sample stood at 47 years (SD ± 11.3) and most (50.62%) of the subjects were aged 52 and above. The oral health status of patients deteriorated after intubation. Early-onset VAP developed in 69 patients (42.6%). Moderately unhealthy and unhealthy oral conditions based on OHAT scores were associated with a three-fold or higher increased risk of VAP. Patients with moderate-to-very poor oral hygiene assessed by PI had increased VAP risk of nearly two-folds. Conclusion: After careful consideration, it can be concluded that there is a strong association between poor oral health and increased risk for early-onset VAP. Routine oral care possibly prevents VAP development among critically ill patients treated with mechanical ventilator. Keywords: Ventilator Associated Pneumonia, Intensive Care Unit, Oral Health Status, Plaque Index & Intubation.

Background: Asthma is the one of the most common chronic diseases afflicting man in the modern day world, leading to significant levels of morbidity and mortality if left uncontrolled. The use of Magnesium Sulphate (MgSO4) is among the many therapeutic agents used to manage acute exacerbations of severe asthma. The efficacy of intravenous, or inhaled MgSO4 is encouragingly positive, however comparative data is scarce. Objective: To compare the therapeutic efficacy of intravenous and inhaled magnesium sulphate in treatment of acute asthma. Methods: This comparative analysis was carried out at the Dept. of Chest Medicine at Liaquat University Hospital (Hyderabad & Jamshoro) from January to December 2018 on a sample of 112 patients of both genders aged 18 and above (chosen via consecutive no-probability sampling) presenting to the study setting with acute exacerbation of asthma. After taking written informed consent from the study subjects, data was collected using a structured, interview based questionnaire containing inquiries about basic biodata, sociodemographic details and disease particulars. Inferences obtained from clinical evaluation, laboratory results and eventual therapeutic outcome of each of the methods of administration (intravenous and inhalation) was also noted. Randomization was done using a computer based software. The data obtained was analyzed using MS. Excel 360 and SPSS v. 21.0. Result: Among the 112 patients, 63.4% were males, while the remaining 36.6 were females. The mean age of sample stood at 44 years (SD ± 13.11) and most (33.03%) of the subjects were aged 56 and above. The mean duration of acute exacerbatory distress, mean hospital stay, and post-intervention increase in peak expiratory flow rate was compared for each route of administration of magnesium sulphate. Conclusion: Although both are known to yield significant improvement as compared to placebo, but after careful consideration and analysis of results, it can be concluded that there was no significant different between the therapeutic efficacy of each of the two methods of administration. The results of intravenous administration however yielded more encouraging result. Keywords: Magnesium Sulphate, Intravenous Route, Inhalational Route, Acute Asthma & PEFR.

The Bengal delta coast harboring the famous Sundarban mangroves is extremely vulnerable to climate change. Already, salinity intrusion, increasing cyclones and anomalies in rainfall, and temperature, are causing many social and livelihood problems. However, our knowledge on the diversified climate change impacts on Sundarban ecosystems services, providing immense benefits, including foods, shelters, livelihood, and health amenities, is very limited. Therefore, this article has systematically reviewed the major functional aspects, and highlights on biodiversity, ecosystem dynamics, and services of the Sunderban mangroves, with respect to variations in climatic factors. The mangrove ecosystems are highly productive in terms of forest biomass, and nutrient contribution, especially through detritus-based food webs, to support rich biodiversity in the wetlands and adjacent estuaries. Sundarban mangroves also play vital role in atmospheric CO2 sequestration, sediment trapping and nutrient recycling. Sea level rise will engulf a huge portion of the mangroves, while the associated salinity increase is posing immense threats to biodiversity and economic losses. Climate-mediated changes in riverine discharge, tides, temperature, rainfall and evaporation will determine the wetland nutrient variations, influencing the physiological and ecological processes, thus biodiversity and productivity of Sundarban mangroves. Hydrological changes in wetland ecosystems through increased salinity and cyclones will lower the food security, and also induce human vulnerabilities to waterborne diseases. Scientific investigations producing high resolution data to identify Sundarban‟s multidimensional vulnerabilities to various climatic regimes are essential. Sustainable plans and actions are required integrating conservation and climate change adaptation strategies, including promotion of alternative livelihoods. Thus, interdisciplinary approaches are required to address the future climatic disasters, and better protection of invaluable ecosystem services of the Sunderban mangroves. Fil: Neogi, Sucharit Basu. Coastal Development Partnership; Bangladesh. Osaka Prefecture University; Japón. Leibniz Center for Tropical Marine Ecology GmbH; Alemania Fil: Dey, Mouri. University of Chittagong; Bangladesh Fil: Lutful Kabir, S. M.. Bangladesh Agricultural University; Bangladesh Fil: Masum, Syed Jahangir H.. Coastal Development Partnership; Bangladesh Fil: Kopprio, Germán Adolfo. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Bahía Blanca. Instituto Argentino de Oceanografía. Universidad Nacional del Sur. Instituto Argentino de Oceanografía; Argentina. Leibniz Center for Tropical Marine Ecology GmbH; Alemania Fil: Yamasaki, Shinji. Osaka Prefecture University; Japón Fil: Lara, Ruben Jose. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Bahía Blanca. Instituto Argentino de Oceanografía. Universidad Nacional del Sur. Instituto Argentino de Oceanografía; Argentina

The major causative factor of hepatic cirrhosis and its complications in chronic hepatitis C is due to presence of liver fibrosis. To assess prognosis and management related decisions, the exact staging of liver fibrosis is of greatest importance. Now, liver biopsy is the inexact gold standard for this purpose. APRI or AST to platelet ratio Index is the best noninvasive marker which can predict presence of fibrosis in majority of chronic hepatitis C patients without the need of biopsy. It is also cost effective and only depends on routine testing (Platelet count and serum AST). Objectives: To determine the positive predictive value of APRI Score for the prediction of fibrosis and cirrhosis in chronic hepatitis C patients. Study design: Cross sectional study. Setting: Medical wards and Out Patient Medicine Department of Liaquat University Hospital Hyderabad / Jamshoro. Period: 6 months. Methodology: A total of 51 patients of either gender, age >14 years presenting to Medical wards and OPD for the evaluation of chronic hepatitis were enrolled in this research study after giving preference and avoiding criteria. Clinical data was collected at the time of liver biopsy and blood samples for liver function tests, blood glucose and complete blood picture with platelet count were collected before the biopsy (only AST and platelet count are needed for APRI score) a core biopsy needle of 14 gauge was used and the procedure was conducted under ultrasound guidance. Fibrosis stage was determined according to the METAVIR group scoring system. The patients were examined in a very comfortable manner and all the information collected from the patients was kept confidential and entered in the predesigned proforma. Results: A total of 51 patients were selected for this study. Out of these 31 (60.78%) were male and 20(39.22%) were female. The mean age was 42.53 years (±11.2 SD). The positive predictive value for APRI score between 0.5 to 1.0 was 58.82% whereas the positive predictive values for APRI score 1.1-1.5 was 70.58%. Conclusion: The positive predictive values of APRI score in the ranges of 0.5 to 1.5 were not indicative of the presence of significant liver fibrosis in this research study. However, additional data are required to authenticate or disprove the usefulness of APRI score for the prediction of significant hepatic fibrosis in chronic hepatitis C patients.

Objective: This study hopes to compare the severity and control of asthma among patients presenting with and without co-morbid rhinitis. Methodology:This retrospective, comparative analysis was conducted upon a total of 377 asthmatic patients, presenting at the medical out-patient department with and without co-morbid rhinitis. The data was collected using a structured interview based questionnaire (after taking written informed consent) which included in-depth inquiries regarding the asthma severity and control for the past 4 week. The data obtained was analyzed using SPSS v. 21. 0. Results: Among the 377 subjects, 200 were males while 177 were females. Mean age of the subjects was 36 years. 172 asthmatic patients in the sample suffered from the co-morbid rhinitis, while the remaining did not have the said comorbidity. Asthmatic patients with co-morbid rhinitis experienced more frequent asthmatic attacks. The incidence of visits to the emergency room and frequency of hospital admissions too was high among asthmatic patients with co-morbid rhinitis. Conclusion: The results reveal that, all attempts to draw a comparison of asthma severity and control among patients with and without comorbid rhinitis yield clear and unidirectional results, leading to a transparent conclusion i.e. the asthma severity and control is considerably poorer in asthmatics with co-morbid rhinitis. Keywords: Asthma, Severity, Control, Rhinitis and Co-morbidity.

Background: The term ‘‘erectile dysfunction’’ (ED) is defined as the inability to achieve and maintain an erection sufficient for satisfactory sexual performance. ED affects millions of men throughout the world, with a strong negative effect on the quality of life and well-being of men and couples. The etiology of ED once was considered to be mainly psychogenic. However, because of advances in the understanding of the physiology of erection and the development of modern diagnostic techniques, it is now generally agreed that the etiology of ED is often multifactorial, with psychological, neurological, endocrine, vascular, traumatic or iatrogenic causes.Objective: Smoking, among many other causes, is believed to be associated with smoking. This study hopes to compare the incidence and extent of erectile dysfunction (ED) among smokers and non-smokers presenting at a male sexual health clinic in an attempt to further understand the association. Methodology: This casual-comparative analysis was conducted upon a total of 64 male patients presenting with erectile dysfunction at a sexual health clinic. Inquiries regarding the habit of smoking were made using a structured interview based questionnaire and extent of erectile dysfunction was investigated using the “International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF-5) Questionnaire”. The data obtained was analyzed using MS. Excel 2017 and SPSS v. 21.0. Results: Smokers showed a markedly high incidence when compared to non-smokers. The extent of erectile dysfunction too was observed to be significantly high among smokers in comparison to non-smokers. Ex-smokers too showed a more worrisome IIEF-5 score, when compared to non-smokers. Conclusion: The results obtained, make it abundantly clear that, the association between the incidence and extent of erectile dysfunction and smoking is strong. Although, the research does not attempt to control co-founding variables, the results can be regarded as reliable due to the sheer difference in incidence and extent of erectile dysfunction between smokers and non-smokers. Keywords: Erectile Dysfunction, Smoking, The International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF-5) Questionnaire, Sexual Health & Sex Related Quality of Life.

Hepatitis viral infection is a leading cause of chronic hepatitis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Over one million people are estimated to be persistently infected with hepatitis C virus (HCV) worldwide. As capsid core protein is the key element in spreading HCV; hence, it is considered to be the superlative target of antiviral compounds. Novel drug inhibitors of HCV are in need to complement or replace the current treatments such as pegylated interferon's and ribavirin as they are partially booming and beset with various side effects. Our study was conducted to predict 3D structure of capsid core protein of HCV from northern part of India. Core, the capsid protein of HCV, handles the assembly and packaging of HCV RNA genome and is the least variable of all the ten HCV proteins among the six HCV genotypes. Therefore, we screened four phytochemicals inhibitors that are known to disrupt the interactions of core and other HCV proteins such as (a) epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), (b) ladanein, (c) naringenin, and (d) silybin extracted from medicinal plants; targeted against active site of residues of HCV-genotype 3 (G3) (Q68867) and its subtypes 3b (Q68861) and 3g (Q68865) from north India. To study the inhibitory activity of the recruited flavonoids, we conducted a quantitative structure–activity relationship (QSAR). Furthermore, docking interaction suggests that EGCG showed a maximum number of hydrogen bond (H-bond) interactions with all the three modeled capsid proteins with high interaction energy followed by naringenin and silybin. Thus, our results strongly correlate the inhibitory activity of the selected bioflavonoid. Finally, the dynamic predicted capsid protein molecule of HCV virion provides a general avenue to target structure-based antiviral compounds that support the hypothesis that the screened inhibitors for viral capsid might constitute new class of potent agents but further confirmation is necessary using in vitro and in vivo studies.

In this Paper we propose a highly scalable image compression scheme based on the set partitioning in hierarchical trees (SPIHT) algorithm. Our algorithm called highly scalable SPIHT (HS-SPIHT), supports spatial and SNR scalability and provides a bit stream that can be easily adapted (reordered) to given bandwidth and resolution requirements by a simple transcoder (parser). The HS-SPIHT algorithm adds the spatial scalability feature without sacrificing the SNR embeddedness property as found in the original SPIHT bit stream. HS-SPIHT finds applications in progressive Web browsing, flexible image storage and retrieval, and image transmission over heterogeneous networks. Here we have written the core processor Microblaze is designed in VHDL (VHSIC hardware description language), implemented using XILINX ISE 8.1 Design suite the algorithm is written in system C Language and tested in SPARTAN-3 FPGA kit by interfacing a test circuit with the PC using the RS232 cable. The test results are seen to be satisfactory. The area taken and the speed of the algorithm are also evaluated.

Medical imaging often involves the injection of contrast agents and subsequent analysis of tissue enhancement patterns. X-ray angiograms are projections of 3D reality into 2D representations, there is a fair amount of self occlusion among the vessels, hence one cannot extract the vessels directly using the image intensities or gradients (edge) alone. Vessels extraction from angiogram images is useful for blood vessels measurement and computer visualizations of the coronary artery. This project describes the algorithm for automatic segmentation of coronary arteries in digital X-ray projections here an improved k-means algorithm is proposed. The performance of the proposed algorithm is compared with other techniques. A methodology for implementing real-time DSP applications on a field programmable gate arrays (FPGA) using Xilinx System Generator (XSG) for Mat lab is presented in this paper. It presents the architecture for Edge Detection using Sobel Filter for image processing using Xilinx System Generator. The design was implemented targeting a Spartan3 a DSP 3400 device (XC3SD3400A-4FGG676C) then a vertex 5 (xc5vlx50-1ff676) .the edge detection methods has been verified successfully with no visually perceptual errors in the resulted images.