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Objective The remarkable adaptability to the environment, high growth rate, meat with good taste and aroma, and ornamental appearance of the Pradu Hang Dam (PDH) and Samae Dam (SD) chickens make them valuable for improvement of poultry production to enhance food security. However, despite their close phenotypic similarity, distinct classification of PDH and SD chickens remains controversial. Thus, this study aimed to clarify genetic origins and variation between PDH and SD chickens, genetic diversity and structures of PDH and SD chickens. Methods This study analyzed 5 populations of PDH and 2 populations of SD chickens using 28 microsatellite markers and compared with those of other indigenous and local chicken breeds using Thailand’s “The Siam Chicken Bioresource Project” database. Results Considerably high genetic variability was observed within PDH (370 total alleles; 4.086±0.312 alleles/locus) and SD chickens (179 total alleles; 3.607±0.349 alleles/locus). A partial overlap of gene pools was observed between SD chickens from the Department of Livestock, Uthai Thani (SD1) and PDH chickens, suggesting a potentially close relationship between the two chicken breeds. A gene pool that partially overlapped with that of the red junglefowl was observed in the SD chicken population from the Sanhawat Farm Uthai Thani population (SD2). Distinct subclusters were observed within SD chickens, indicating the possibility that genetic differentiation occurred early in the process of establishment of SD chickens. Conclusion These findings could offer valuable insights into genetic verification of Thai local chicken breeds and their sustainable conservation and utilization.

Background: Cardiovascular disease is a widespread health condition affecting millions worldwide. Acute myocardial infarction is the most prevalent type of acute cardiac disease that is encountered by many populations, including the asymptomatic population. MI can have significant damage to heart tissue. Study was to evaluate the relationship between the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and the occurrence of myocardial infarction within the population of Hyderabad old city area, Sindh, Pakistan. Method: This cross-sectional study was conducted from July to September 2022 at Sindh University Jamshoro and Liaquat University Hospital. The sample size of 200 participants with a convenience sampling technique was used for data collection from the population of Hyderabad, Sindh, selected after excluding 150 patients with various inflammatory conditions. The target population of 5 lakh of main Hyderabad city area. The data analysis was done by using descriptive statistics, t-tests, and Pearson correlation using GraphPad Prism 5 with a significance threshold of P ≤ 0.05. Results: The descriptive results show that Males without Myocardial Infarction (MI) had a mean NLR of 2.7 with SD of 0.22, and females without MI had a mean NLR of 3.3 with Sd of 0.20, both within normal limits and inferential results show Males with MI showed a significantly higher NLR (mean = 4.1 with SD of 0.06 p = 0.0001, OR = 9), and females with MI had a mean NLR of 3.9 with SD of 0.07 (p = 0.0046, OR = 3.5), indicating a strong association between elevated NLR and MI. Conclusion: This study concludes that there is a relationship between raised NLR and AMI patients with raised neutrophils after acute myocardial injury.

Introduction: Thyroid hormone is an important metabolic hormone affecting hematological parameters. A variation in the hematological picture is seen in patients with hypothyroidism. Aims & Objectives: to study the differences in hematological parameters in hypothyroid and euthyroid females. Place and Duration of Study: A Comparative Cross-sectional study using secondary data was conducted from February 2022 to March 2023 at Muhammad Medical College, Pakistan. Material & Method: A total of 300 females (20-40 years of age, non-pregnant) were included in the study and based on their thyroid profile, they were divided into two groups, 160 with euthyroid status and another group of 140 with hypothyroidism. Hematological parameters were measured and compared in both groups. Data analysis was performed using Graph Pad Prism 9. A t-test, and one-way ANOVA were applied. The significance threshold is set at P < 0.05. Results: A significantly increased TSH and decreased T3 and T4 (p = < 0.05) were estimated in hypothyroid females. The hematological parameters in hypothyroid females showed hemoglobin (11.18± 1.66), ESR (32.70± 19.84), MCV (77.02± 6.84), MCH (24.00± 3.03), MHC (26.99± 3.67) and RDW (18.03± 4.56). The difference in hematological parameters between euthyroid and hypothyroid groups was found to be statistically significant with a P value of

This study empirically investigates how companies listed on the Pakistan Stock Exchange (PSX) manage their earnings from 2010 to 2019. It also examines the impact of Corporate Governance (CG) on the choice of Earnings Management (EM) strategies among these companies. The study employs data from companies listed on the PSX during the period from 2010 to 2019 to test these relationships. Researchers in current research used discretionary accrual as proxy to measure the EM by using the model that was modified by Jones. Future probability is measured a year ahead cash flow taken from operation, that is, a year ahead discretionary income and a year ahead earnings’ change. To conduct empirical analysis the researchers estimated Feasible Generalized Least Square (FGLS) and results of study revealed that earnings management in the firms selected from Pakistan Stock Exchange have opportunistic earnings management approach. Researchers found that there is a weak but significant impact of managerial ownership for the type of EM. Organizations which have a high level of managerial ownership are found efficient in EM as compared to rest of types of ownership. Contrarily, it has been found that there is not any significant evidence for institutional ownership (IO), Family Ownership (FO), larger board (LB), independent board (IB) and Firms with high ratio of independent directors for audit committee to engage in efficient level of EM. The finding has implications for policymakers and regulators to place additional monitoring on firms to control opportunistic earnings manipulations.

In recent decades, a global acceleration of urbanization has been observed, leading to significant habitat loss and fragmentation. Economic development in eastern Thailand has been promoted, but this has often coincided with unsustainable exploitation of natural resources. The expansion of urban and industrial areas in the region puts many organisms at risk of extinction owing to habitat loss. Plakad-Pa Pak-Tawan-Ok (Betta siamorientalis) is an endemic species found only in the eastern Thailand. In this study, the genetic diversity and population structure of 17 B. siamorientalis populations were analyzed using microsatellite genotyping. High genetic variability was observed. The STRUCTURE plot reveals large, distinct gene pools in the lower Prachin River and Phra Prong River Part 2. Migration analyses showed that the estimated gene flow between populations aligned with the dominant water flow in the flooding direction toward the mouth of the Bang Pakong River on the western side of eastern Thailand. Thus, this area must be considered a vital genetic resource. The pairwise fixation index values were statistically significant for all populations, including those within the same sub-watershed, indicating genetic differentiation among populations. This suggests relatively low gene flow between ecologically divergent populations. Mean annual total precipitation was also significantly correlated with genetic diversity. We propose the need for careful consideration and awareness of the planning and implementation of industrial development within eastern Thailand. Resource allocation in management efforts may be most effective when directed toward the preservation of habitat suitability, specifically in relation to precipitation and water resources, rather than prioritizing enhancements in landscape connectivity for B. siamorientalis.

This article presents a semantic web-based solution for extracting the relevant information automatically from the annual financial reports of the banks/financial institutions and presenting this information in a queryable form through a knowledge graph. The information in these reports is significantly desired by various stakeholders for making key investment decisions. However, this information is available in an unstructured format making it much more complex and challenging to understand and query manually or even through digital systems. Another challenge that makes the understanding of information more complex is the variation of terminologies among financial reports of different banks or financial institutions. The solution presented in this article signifies an ontological approach to solving the standardization problems of the terminologies in this domain. It further addresses the issue of semantic differences to extract relevant data sharing common semantics. Such semantics are then incorporated by implementing their representation as a Knowledge Graph to make the information understandable and queryable. Our results highlight the usage of Knowledge Graph in search engines, recommender systems and question-answering (Q-A) systems. This financial knowledge graph can also be used to serve the task of financial storytelling. The proposed solution is implemented and tested on the datasets of various banks and the results are presented through answers to competency questions evaluated on precision and recall measures.

Introduction: Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder which is caused by either deficiency of insulin or its disturbed action on peripheral receptors. Globally it is estimated that 451 million peoples were suffering from Diabetes mellitus type 2 in 2017 and this burden will rise to 693million in 2045.The relationship between diabetes mellitus and serum ferritin levels is intricately linked, sharing a common intersection in the liver where both glucose metabolism and iron metabolism converge. Aims and Objectives: To measure the serum ferritin levels among residents of Hyderabad with type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Place and Duration of study: The study was conducted in the Outpatient Department (OPD) of Liaquat university Hospital from June 2022 to August 2022 (3 months). Material and Methods: The study consists of 100 subjects divided into two groups, a control group consists of 50 normal healthy people with normal fasting glucose below 100mg/dl and a Case group consists of 50 patients with fasting glucose level more than 125 mg/dl according to World Health Organization criteria. Their Serum ferritin levels were evaluated using the ELFA method, employing a commercially available kit supplied by Roche Cobas Integra. The results were analyzed on the software Graph Pad Prism 9, p-value ? 0.05was taken as significant. Results: The frequency of Type 2 Diabetes mellitus was significantly higher in patients with increased serum ferritin levels (P=0.001) with an odds ratio of 1.838 , a sensitivity/specifity value of (0.50/0.56) and a robust likelihood ratio of 2.25. Conclusion: The study underscores a potential link between elevated serum ferritin and Diabetes Mellitus Type-2.

ABSTRACT: The thermal stress caused by global climate change adversely affects the welfare, productivity, and reproductive performance of farm animals, including chickens, and causes substantial economic losses. However, the understanding of the genetic basis of the indigenous chicken adaptation to high ambient temperatures is limited. Hence, to reveal the genetic basis of thermal stress adaptation in chickens, this study investigated polymorphisms in the heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) and HSP90 genes, known mechanisms of cellular defense against thermal stress in indigenous and local chicken breeds and red junglefowls in Thailand. The result revealed seven alleles of the HSP70 gene. One allele exhibited a missense mutation, where an amino acid changed from Asn to His in the substrate-binding and peptide-binding domains, which is exclusive to the Lao Pa Koi chicken breed. Twenty new alleles with silent mutations in the HSP90 gene highlighted its greater complexity. Despite this diversity, distinct population structures were not found for either HSP70 or HSP90, which suggests incomplete impact on the domestication process and selection. The low genetic diversity, shown by the sharing of alleles between red junglefowls and Thai indigenous and local chicken breeds, aligns with the hypothesis that these alleles have undergone selection in tropical regions, such as Thailand. Selection signature analysis suggests the purifying selection of HSP70 for thermotolerance. This study provides valuable insights for enhancing the conservation of genetic resources with thermotolerant traits, which are essential for developing breeding programs to increase poultry production in the context of global climate change.

BackgroundHuman papillomavirus (HPV) infection causes nearly all cervical cancer cases and is a cause of anogenital and oropharyngeal cancers. The incidence of HPV-associated cancers is inequitable, with an increased burden on marginalized groups in high-income countries. Understanding how immunization status varies by material and social deprivation, health system, and geospatial factors is valuable for prioritizing and planning HPV immunization interventions. ObjectiveThe objective of this study was to describe school-based HPV immunization rates by individual and geospatial determinants of health in Alberta, Canada. MethodsHealth administrative data for male and female individuals born in 2004 in Alberta were used to determine HPV immunization status based on age and the number of doses administered in schools during the 2014/2015-2018/2019 school years. Immunization status and its relationship with material and social deprivation and health system factors were assessed by a logistic regression model. Geospatial clustering was assessed using Getis-Ord Gi* hot spot analysis. Mean scores of material and social deprivation and health system factors were compared between hot and cold spots without full HPV immunization using independent samples t tests. A multidisciplinary team comprising researchers and knowledge users formed a co-design team to design the study protocol and review the study results. ResultsThe cohort consisted of 45,207 youths. In the adjusted model, the odds of those who did not see their general practitioner (GP) within 3 years before turning 10 years old and not being fully immunized were 1.965 times higher (95% CI 1.855-2.080) than those who did see their GP. The odds of health system users with health conditions and health system nonusers not being fully immunized were 1.092 (95% CI 1.006-1.185) and 1.831 (95% CI 1.678-1.998) times higher, respectively, than health system users without health conditions. The odds of those who lived in areas with the most material and social deprivation not being fully immunized were 1.287 (95% CI 1.200-1.381) and 1.099 (95% CI 1.029-1.174) times higher, respectively, than those who lived in areas with the least deprivation. The odds of those who lived in rural areas not being fully immunized were 1.428 times higher (95% CI 1.359-1.501) than those who lived in urban areas. Significant hot spot clusters of individuals without full HPV immunization exist in rural locations on the northern and eastern regions of Alberta. Hot spots had significantly worse mean material deprivation scores (P=.008) and fewer GP visits (P=.001) than cold spots. ConclusionsFindings suggest that material and social deprivation, health system access, and rural residency impact HPV immunization. Such factors should be considered by public health professionals in other jurisdictions and will be used by the Alberta co-design team when tailoring programs to increase HPV vaccine uptake in priority populations and regions.

Construction safety requires real-time monitoring due to its hazardous nature. Existing vision-based monitoring systems classify each frame to identify safe or unsafe scenes, often triggering false alarms due to object misdetection or false detection, which reduces the overall monitoring system’s performance. To overcome this problem, this research introduces a safety monitoring system that leverages a novel temporal-analysis-based algorithm to reduce false alarms. The proposed system comprises three main modules: object detection, rule compliance, and temporal analysis. The system employs a coordination correlation technique to verify personal protective equipment (PPE), even with partially visible workers, overcoming a common monitoring challenge on job sites. The temporal-analysis module is the key component that evaluates multiple frames within a time window, triggering alarms when the hazard threshold is exceeded, thus reducing false alarms. The experimental results demonstrate 95% accuracy and an F1-score in scene classification, with a notable 2.03% average decrease in false alarms during real-time monitoring across five test videos. This study advances knowledge in safety monitoring by introducing and validating a temporal-analysis-based algorithm. This approach not only improves the reliability of safety-rule-compliance checks but also addresses challenges of misdetection and false alarms, thereby enhancing safety management protocols in hazardous environments.

The North African catfish (Clarias gariepinus) is a significant species in aquaculture, which is crucial for ensuring food and nutrition security. Their high adaptability to diverse environments has led to an increase in the number of farms that are available for their production. However, long-term closed breeding adversely affects their reproductive performance, leading to a decrease in production efficiency. This is possibly caused by inbreeding depression. To investigate the root cause of this issue, the genetic diversity of captive North African catfish populations was assessed in this study. Microsatellite genotyping and mitochondrial DNA D-loop sequencing were applied to 136 catfish specimens, collected from three populations captured for breeding in Thailand. Interestingly, extremely low inbreeding coefficients were obtained within each population, and distinct genetic diversity was observed among the three populations, indicating that their genetic origins are markedly different. This suggests that outbreeding depression by genetic admixture among currently captured populations of different origins may account for the low productivity of the North African catfish in Thailand. Genetic improvement of the North African catfish populations is required by introducing new populations whose origins are clearly known. This strategy should be systematically integrated into breeding programs to establish an ideal founder stock for selective breeding.