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The aim of this study is to discover the potential use of nutraceutical industrial cumin seed spent (NICUS) as an economical biosorbent for eliminating acid blue 113 (AB113), an azo dye, from water. The study investigates the influence of pH, adsorbent dosage, temperature, particle size, and initial dye concentration on the adsorption of AB113. Various isotherm models and kinetic models were studied. At equilibrium situations, the maximum trial adsorption volume (qe) was found to be 96 mg g−1. The main objective was to determine the suitability of the pseudo-second-order model for describing the kinetics of adsorption. Thermodynamic parameters ΔG0ΔH0ΔS0 revealed that the adsorption process was endothermic and non-spontaneous. The lower value of ΔH0 suggests a physical adsorption process. Analysis using FTIR and SEM spectra confirmed that the NICUS surface effectively adsorbed AB113. NICUS emerges as a promising adsorbent for the efficient deduction of AB113 from aqueous solutions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study proposed the removal of Brilliant Green, a cationic dye, by adsorption process from wastewater solution utilizing a low-cost adsorbent such as Nutraceutical Industrial Pepper Seed Spent (NIPSS). The study comprises an investigation of the parametric influence on the adsorption process. The parameters identified are pH, dye concentration, process temperature, quantity of the adsorbent, and particle size. The study of statistics found from experiments was carried out by incorporating Freundlich, Brouers-Sotolongo, Langmuir, Toth, Sips, Jovanovic, and Redlich-Peterson isotherm models. The adsorption kinetics were determined by implementing pseudo-first-order and second-order models, diffusion film models, and Dumwald-Wagner and Weber-Morris models. The experimental adsorption capacity q e was found to be about 130 mg/g. This value was closest to the maximum adsorption of 144.6mg/g predicted by the Brouers-Sotolongo isotherm which had a correlation coefficient (R 2) of 0.998. The adsorption kinetics data was confirmed to be a pseudo-second-order model. The change in free energy, enthalpy change, and entropy change were vital thermodynamic factors in concluding that adsorption is almost spontaneous and endothermic process. Change in enthalpy (ΔH°) reduced value indicates the physical nature of the process. The adsorption of BG dye on the adsorbent surface was authenticated by FTIR spectroscopy and SEM imaging. A Central Composite Design (CCD) Quadratic model under Response Surface Methodology (RSM) was implemented for statistical optimization of adsorption capacity for the five parameters studied, namely, time, temperature, concentration of the dye, weight of the adsorbent, and pH. Software Design Expert 7.0 was used to evaluate 3D contour plots. The process of optimization yielded a value of 350 mg/g. Thus, incrementing the adsorption process by 84.2 %. The study provides insights on various dye and adsorbent interaction possibilities and derives that NIPSS is an efficient adsorbent to extract BG dye from wastewater solutions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A novel concept of using Nutraceutical Industrial Coriander Seed Spent (NICSS) and Congo red (CR) dye adsorbed onto NICSS (CR‐NICSS) as filler materials to fabricate polypropylene (PP) green thermoplastic composites and unsaturated polyester resin unsaturated polyester resin (USP)/CR‐NICSS and USP/NICSS composites is presented. To maximize the adsorption of CR on NICSS and to study the influence of five parameters viz, process time, temperature, initial concentration of dye, adsorbent dosage and pH of the reaction mixture, we use a two‐level fractional factorial design approach and analysis of variance to develop statistical model. The composites were evaluated for physico‐mechanical and tribological properties and compared with the thermoplastic composites fabricated using NICSS. Flexural strength and flexural modulus of composites were improved by adding CR‐NICSS and NICSS into PP matrix. The abrasive wear behavior, wear volume loss and specific wear rate as a function of abrading distance at 150, 300, 450, and 600 m and different loads of 23.54 and 33.54 N at 200 rpm were determined. The water absorption characteristics of thermoplastic composites were studied. The surface morphology of tensile fractured PP/CR‐NICSS was examined under scanning electron microscope. The influence of water and thermal ageing on tensile strength and physical properties, such as density, surface hardness and effect of chemicals on USP/CR‐NICSS and USP/NICSS are reported. POLYM. COMPOS., 40:1142–1157, 2019. © 2018 Society of Plastics Engineers [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The development of commercially viable 'green products' based on natural resources for both matrices and reinforcements for a wide range of applications is on the rise. This effort includes new pathways to produce natural polymers with better mechanical properties and thermal stability using nanotechnology and use of naturally occurring fillers such as lignocellulosic and hemicellulose to make biodegradable rubber composites. The blends of acrylonitrile butadiene rubber (NBR) and styrene butadiene rubber (SBR) with coconut shell powder (CSP) have been prepared by using a compounding technique in presence of different amounts of crysnanoclay (CN). The effect of CN loading on tensile properties, thermal properties, swelling behavior, and water uptake behavior were studied. Significant improvement of Young's modulus and tensile strength was observed as a result of addition of nanoclay to the rubber matrix especially at 10 wt% loading. Presence of CSP resulted in ahigher in water sorption but after incorporation of CN the water sorption tended to decrease. Thermal characteristics were performed using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). TGA thermograms indicated that incorporation of CSP filler decreases the thermal stability of nanocomposites. The dispersion of CSP and CN in rubber matrix was analyzed from scanning electron microscopy. POLYM. COMPOS., 38:727-735, 2017. © 2015 Society of Plastics Engineers [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study was aimed at fabrication of green composites of polypropylene (PP) matrix 5, 10, 15, and 20 wt% of saw palmetto spent (SPS) (a spent of nutraceuticals) as filler material. Two wt% organically modified montmorillonite clay (MMT) was used as a co-filler in all formulations and composites were fabricated by melt blending. The fabricated PP/SPS/MMT composites were characterized for physicomechanical and tribological properties. Improvement in tensile modulus of the composites was noticed with increase in SPS content. The tensile strength of composites was decreased by 14% with increase in filler content from 5 to 20 wt%. Flexural strength of the composites increased from 31.3 to 37.8 MPa (21% improvement) and also flexural modulus improved from 956 to 1383 MPa (45% improvement) with increased SPS content. Composites were subjected to three-body abrasion with different loads and abrading distances. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) study revealed that the predominant wear mechanisms of composite material sliding against continuous flowing sand were microploughing and filler detachment from the polymer matrix. POLYM. COMPOS., 37:2306-2312, 2016. © 2015 Society of Plastics Engineers [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A series of crysnanoclay-loaded thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) elastomer/polycarbonate (PC) nanocomposites have been prepared using twin screw extruders. The physicomechanical properties such as tensile behaviors, flexural properties and impact strength of the composites have been reported. Significant improvement in tensile modulus and flexural modulus were noticed for nanocomposites. The thermal characteristics of nanocomposites have been determined by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) techniques. Thermal degradation kinetic parameters such as energy of activation (Ea) have been calculated from TGA thermograms for the nanocomposites using three mathematical models namely; Coats–Redfern, Horowitz – Metzger and Broido's methods and the results are compared. The effect of crysnanoclay on the storage modulus (E′), loss modulus (E″), and damping factor (tan δ) as a function of temperature have been measured by dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA). The storage moduli of nanocomposites have been increased after incorporating crysnanoclay in polymer matrix. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of the present investigation is to probe the influence of organically modified layered silicates (o-montmorilonite, o-MMT) content on mechanical and thermal behaviors of vinyl ester/o-MMT (organoclays) nanocomposites. Polyvinyl ester nanocomposites were synthesized with o-MMT by in-situ polymerization technique. The prepared vinyl ester/o-MMT composites have been characterized for mechanical properties such as tensile properties and impact strength. Thermal characteristics of the vinyl ester/o-MMT nanocomposites were evaluated by using differential scanning calorimeter (DSC), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and dynamic mechanical thermal analysis (DMA). The thermal degradation kinetic parameters such as activation energy (Ea) of nanocomposites were evaluated by using three mathematical models, namely Horowitz-Metzger, Coats-Redfern and Broido's methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nutraceutical industrial residues are potential fillers to fabricate green or eco-friendly polymeric composite materials as they are, less costly and easily available. Attempts have been made to use turmeric spent (TS)—a nutraceutical industry waste with a high E-factor to improve need-based properties of plastics. A series of unsaturated polyester resin composites have been fabricated with different turmeric spent content viz., 5, 10, 15 and 20% w/w. The effect of amount of filler content on tensile strength, physical properties including density and surface hardness and chemical resistance of the composites were determined. The influence of water and thermal ageing on the tensile strength of turmeric filler loaded unsaturated polyester composites has been studied. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mechanical properties and three-body abrasive wear behavior of 5 and 10% w/w bio-based coleus spent (CS) filled and unfilled semi interpenetrating polymer network composites of unsaturated polyester/polymethyl methacrylate (80/20) have been studied. The tensile strength and elongation at break has been evaluated using 4302 Hounsfield Universal testing machine. The effect of abrading distances viz., 150, 300, 450, and 600m and different loads of 22 and 32N at 200 rpm on the abrasive wear behavior have been studied using dry sand/rubber wheel abrasive test rig. The CS filler lowered the mechanical properties and improved abrasion resistance of USP/PMMA SIPN. The tensile strength of the composites lies in the range of 25.0-33.1 MPa. The wear volume loss and specific wear rate as a function of abrading distance and load were determined. The wear volume loss increases with increased abrading distance/load for all composites tested. However, the specific wear rate decreased with an increase in abrading distance/load. CS filled USP/PMMA SIPN composites showed better abrasion wear resistance as compared to unfilled USP/PMMA SIPN. The worn surface features have been examined using scanning electron microscope. Also, the wear volume loss was correlated with the product of tensile strength and elongation at break. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Nine spectrophotometric methods based on new reactions for the determination of tracer amounts of nitrite in environmental samples were developed. Replacement of toxic reagents was explored to attain the standards of clean chemistry. These methods utilize two classes of compounds namely; phenoxazines and sulphonamides, the well established drugs in the presence of limited amounts of hydrochloric acid. The methods were based on the oxidation of sulfanilamide (SAA), sulfadoxine (SDX) or sulfamethoxazole (SMX) by nitrite in hydrochloric acid medium and coupling with phenoxazine (PNZ), 2-chlorophenoxazine (CPN) or 2-trifluoromethylphenoxazine (TPN) which yielded red colored derivatives having an absorbance maximum in the range 530–540nm and were stable for about 4h. Beer''s law was obeyed for nitrite in the concentration range 0.13–1.60μgmL−1. The reaction conditions and other important analytical parameters were optimized to enhance the sensitivity of the methods. Interference if any, by non-target ions was also investigated. The methods were applied determining nitrite in environmental samples. The performance of these methods were evaluated in terms of Student''s t-test and variance ratio F-test to find out the significance of proposed methods over the reference spectrophotometric method. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Iminodibenzyl (IDB) and 3-chloroiminodibenzyl (Cl-IDB) are proposed as a new class of spectrophotometric reagents for the determination of micro amounts of mercury(II), nickel(II), copper(II) and cobalt(II) in the presence of 3-methyl-2-benzothiazoline hydrazone hydrochloride hydrate (MBTH) or 4-aminoantipyrine (AAP) as electrophilic coupling reagents. The reaction is carried out in neutral aqueous medium. The blue colour formed shows maximum absorbance at 660 nm using MBTH and 630nm with AAP. The methods obey Beer's law. The molar absorptivity and Sandell's sensitivity show different values with different metals and reagents. The blue colour can also be extracted quantitatively which can be exploited as an efficient extractive spectrophotometric technique for the separation of metal ion from other interfering species. As many as 15 cations and 12 anions and/or complexing agents listed do not interfere. Both the methods have good reproducibility and can be satisfactorily applied in the determination of metals in industrial effluents and soil samples. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract\nNovelty statementThe article details a feasibility study of removing Brilliant Green (BG), a mutagenic dye from an aqueous solution by adsorption using low-cost coriander seed spent as a by-product in the nutraceutical industry. The study includes an analysis of the parameters that affect the adsorption process. The variables that have been identified include pH, dye concentration, process temperature, adsorbent amount, and particle size of the adsorbent. To obtain information on the adsorption process and to design the mechanism of the adsorption system on experimental equilibrium, 10 isotherm models, namely, Langmuir, Freundlich, Jovanovic, Dubinin–Radushkevich, Sips, Redlich–Peterson, Toth, Vieth–Sladek, Brouers–Sotolongo, and Radke–Prausnitz were applied. It was discovered that the experimental adsorption capacity, qe, was roughly 110 mg g−1. The result has a maximum adsorption of 136.17 mg g−1 as predicted by Dubinin–Radushkevich isotherm. Diffusion film models, Dumwald–Wagner and Weber–Morris models, and pseudo-first- and second-order models, were used to determine the adsorption kinetics. It was realized that the adsorption kinetics data fit into a pseudo-second-order model. Thermodynamic analysis with a reduced enthalpy change suggests a physical process. The values of the thermodynamic parameters ΔG0, ΔH0, and ΔS0 demonstrated an endothermic and nearly spontaneous process of adsorption. The small valuation of ΔH0 specifies that the process is physical. FTIR spectroscopy and SEM imaging were used to confirm that the BG dye had been adsorbing on the adsorbent surface. The study concludes that NICSS is an effective adsorbent to extract BG dye from wastewater solutions, offers insights into numerous dye and adsorbent interaction possibilities and indicates that the process can be scaled to fit into the concept of circular economy.An attempt has been made to link the concept of circular economy through design and execution of the experiments in the laboratory scale. The following highlights will justify the newer approach adopted by the authors.The experiments are designed by intention to suit the concept of circular economy.The use of NICSS, a nutraceutical industrial spent, which has no feed, fertilizer, or fuel value suits the sustainability concept.The reuse of “waste” from the remediation process replaces the “end-of-life” concept in circular economy.An attempt has been made to link the concept of circular economy through design and execution of the experiments in the laboratory scale. The following highlights will justify the newer approach adopted by the authors.The experiments are designed by intention to suit the concept of circular economy.The use of NICSS, a nutraceutical industrial spent, which has no feed, fertilizer, or fuel value suits the sustainability concept.The reuse of “waste” from the remediation process replaces the “end-of-life” concept in circular economy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]