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Google Scholar is a search engine that serves as a platform for finding references from sources like articles, books, and journals relevant to ongoing or planned research. It aids students in discovering references aligned with their research topics or discussions. Nevertheless, challenges such as technical glitches in Google Scholar's servers, internet connection problems, restricted or paid access to articles, and the search algorithm's potential misinterpretation of user queries can occur. This research seeks to assess information systems students' satisfaction with Google Scholar's services and evaluate user satisfaction using the DeLone and McLean model. The analysis results show that of the nine hypotheses tested, seven were supported and two were rejected. The study implies that to enhance Google Scholar in the future, adjustments should be made to better cater to the needs of users, particularly students, in locating relevant and accurate references.

This study aims to investigate the role of Enzim Bakti Community in raising ecological awareness through citizenship education, using a case study as the main approach. Enzim Bakti Community is a community organization that focuses on ecological and social activities at the local level. This study uses a phenomenological method to describe how this community influences its members' understanding and behaviour regarding environmental issues. An in-depth case study was conducted to understand the concrete contribution of Enzim Bakti Community in educating its members about ecological and citizenship responsibilities. The study's findings show that through various activities such as tree planting, recycling campaigns, and environmental counselling, this community has created a deeper awareness of the importance of preserving the environment. The citizenship education implemented by Enzim Bakti Community broadens its members' knowledge about environmental issues and builds active involvement in promoting sustainability principles in their daily lives. Through discussions, training, and collaborative projects, community members learn to consider the ecological impacts of their actions and contribute to collective efforts to improve local environmental conditions. This study provides in-depth insights into how local communities can act as agents of social change in raising ecological and citizenship awareness. The implications of this study highlight the important role of civil communities in building a more environmentally conscious society and committed to collective action for a more sustainable future.

Even though mobile tourism analysis is developing, there is still a lack of literature regarding its formation patterns which makes the picture of its evolution incomplete. The evaluation in this study was carried out in general by emphasizing the evolution of exploratory analysis on the theme of "mobile tourism". This article aims to determine the increasing development of mobile tourism in terms of the number of publications, journals, authors, and the most relevant citations. Then analyze the itinerant tourism distribution map based on grouping, with merging, joint citation, collaboration network analysis, and joint word assessment, and interpret the conceptual structure of the country's co-occurrence and collaboration network regarding its visual representation. The method used is a descriptive approach through bibliometric analysis. An in-depth search of the Scopus database and RStudio software was conducted, screening, analyzing, and interpreting 752 relevant articles from 2014 to 2023. The findings show that an increase in the development of mobile tourism is identified from an increase in the number of publications, the most relevant journals, and authors, as well as the increasingly diverse origins of the authors even though the number of annual average citations has decreased slightly. Recommended six themes in mobile tourism studies, namely Tourism, Technology Acceptance Models (TAM), Mobile Applications, Recommendation Systems, Loyalty, and Cultural Tourism, and produced Technology Acceptance Models and Tourism as important studies with great prospects in the future.

This study aimed to investigate whether Physical Education (PE) in schools can strengthen the character of the Pancasila student profile of Indonesian citizens. In addition, it tried to find out the roles, strategies, gaps, and challenges encountered to achieve the objectives. Using a systematic literature review, this study collected data from articles searched through Google Scholar. The search focused on those published in Scopus-indexed journals between 2019 and 2024. During the search, inclusion and exclusion criteria were applied. The keywords used were; "Character Building And Students And Pancasila And Through And Physical Education And School". The initial search generated 5.790 articles. These articles were then screened again in several stages, and 16 articles that fit the theme and met the inclusion requirements were yielded. During the article selection, this study followed the PRISMA guidelines. The findings of this study confirmed that the integration of Pancasila values in PE at school plays a strategic role in creating student character that is in line with the state ideology of Indonesia. PE not only improves physical abilities but also becomes an effective means to internalize social values such as gotong royong (community cooperation), tolerance, honesty, and integrity, which are the core of Pancasila. Nonetheless, this study found a significant gap between Pancasila-based character education policy and practice on the ground. This gap was mainly due to teachers' lack of preparedness, limited professional training, and resource disparities. These challenges were compounded by academic pressures that reduce the focus on character development, as well as social norms that inhibit inclusivity, such as discrimination against students with disabilities. Addressing these challenges requires a holistic approach that includes the development of a more integrative curriculum, improved training and professional development for teachers, and the use of innovative and inclusive teaching methods. The implications of these findings highlight the importance of collaboration between government, schools and communities to create supportive learning environments, as well as greater investment in PE infrastructure. This study aimed to investigate whether Physical Education (PE) in schools can strengthen the character of the Pancasila student profile of Indonesian citizens. In addition, it tried to find out the roles, strategies, gaps, and challenges encountered to achieve the objectives. Using a systematic literature review, this study collected data from articles searched through Google Scholar. The search focused on those published in Scopus-indexed journals between 2019 and 2024. During the search, inclusion and exclusion criteria were applied. The keywords used were; "Character Building And Students And Pancasila And Through And Physical Education And School". The initial search generated 5.790 articles. These articles were then screened again in several stages, and 16 articles that fit the theme and met the inclusion requirements were yielded. During the article selection, this study followed the PRISMA guidelines. The findings of this study confirmed that the integration of Pancasila values in PE at school plays a strategic role in creating student character that is in line with the state ideology of Indonesia. PE not only improves physical abilities but also becomes an effective means to internalize social values such as gotong royong (community cooperation), tolerance, honesty, and integrity, which are the core of Pancasila. Nonetheless, this study found a significant gap between Pancasila-based character education policy and practice on the ground. This gap was mainly due to teachers' lack of preparedness, limited professional training, and resource disparities. These challenges were compounded by academic pressures that reduce the focus on character development, as well as social norms that inhibit inclusivity, such as discrimination against students with disabilities. Addressing these challenges requires a holistic approach that includes the development of a more integrative curriculum, improved training and professional development for teachers, and the use of innovative and inclusive teaching methods. The implications of these findings highlight the importance of collaboration between government, schools and communities to create supportive learning environments, as well as greater investment in PE infrastructure.

This study aims to review the types of strategies that football coaches employ to prevent aggressive behavior in adolescents. Using the systematic literature review, data were obtained from articles searched through Google Scholar. The search focused on those published in Scopus-indexed journals published between 2019 and 2024. The keywords involved "Strategy And Soccer Coaches And Prevention And Aggressive Behavior And Teenagers". The search generated 15,400 articles as initial results. To be included in the review, inclusion and exclusion criteria were applied. The articles were screened again using these criteria, and 19 articles that fit the theme and met the inclusion requirements were yielded. The process of the article selection in this study followed the PRISMA guidelines. The main findings of this study emphasized several factors that play a key role in creating a supportive environment for young athletes. The first factor was emotional education. Teaching athletes to recognize and manage their emotions helped football coaches reduce athletes’ aggressive reactions, especially during the pressure of competition. In addition, open and consistent communication between soccer coaches and athletes was reported to reinforce positive interpersonal relationships, which in turn lowered levels of aggressiveness on the field. Finally, building a team culture that emphasizes the values of cooperation and mutual respect has also been proven effective in preventing aggressive behavior. Therefore, soccer coaches have a great responsibility not only to develop athletes' technical skills but also to shape their character through an integrative and sustainable approach.

Madrasah Aliyah plays a crucial role in shaping future generations, but improving teacher performance remains a significant challenge. The application of Total Quality Management (TQM) and agile leadership is a strategic approach to enhancing educational quality. TQM emphasizes continuous improvement, while agile leadership promotes flexibility and adaptation in response to educational changes. This study explores how TQM and agile leadership work together to improve teacher performance in State Aliyah Madrasahs (MAN) in South Kalimantan. The goal is to analyze the impact of TQM and agile leadership on teacher performance and examine the role of TQM in strengthening the relationship between leadership agility and teacher performance. Using a mixed methods approach, the study examines the interplay of TQM, leadership agility, teacher training, and performance in 13 South Kalimantan MAN schools. A sample of 303 teachers participated, with quantitative data analyzed using PLS-SEM and qualitative data from interviews and focus group discussions. The qualitative data helped validate and enrich the quantitative findings, providing deeper insights into the factors affecting teacher performance. The results show that both leadership agility and teacher training positively influence teacher performance, with TQM moderating the relationship between leadership agility and performance. To improve teacher performance, steps such as fostering a culture of continuous improvement through workshops and feedback, integrating TQM principles into training, and promoting agile leadership focused on collaboration and problem-solving can create a supportive environment that enhances teacher performance and student outcomes.

Indonesia offers significant opportunities for the halal sector thanks to its predominantly Muslim population. However, there is a notable lack of certified halal medicines, which is surprising given the crucial role that medicines play in human life. This study aims to investigate how awareness of halal practises influences Muslim consumers' intention to purchase halal medicines, with a particular focus on the Jabodetabek region. The study is based on a total of 150 respondents and employs a partial least squares structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM). From the analysis, it is found that awareness of halal products has a significant influence on the intention to purchase halal medicines. In addition, both subjective norms and perceived behavioural control are identified as significant factors influencing the intention to purchase halal medicines. However, it is worth noting that attitude does not have a statistically significant influence on the intention to purchase halal medicines. This result may be attributed to the limited availability of halal-certified medicines, which influences the attitude of individuals in the decision-making process.

Abstract. The objective of the study is to analyze sports ethics within the legal framework in order to guarantee fairness and transparency. The objective was achieved by employing a systematic literature review methodology. The data was collected by searching Google Scholar, specifically focusing on articles indexed in the Scopus databases between 2019 and 2024. The study employed certain keywords, such as "Sports Ethics AND Legal Framework AND Guarantee OR Assurance AND Fairness AND Openness". The search generated a total of 27,500 articles. After undertaking multiple phases of the screening process, the study finally identified 9 articles that aligned with the chosen themes and fulfilled the inclusion criteria. In addition, this study complied with the PRISMA technique during the article selection process. The study revealed that the absence of clear definitions and coordination across governmental agencies has led to significant problems with implementing and enforcing ethical standards in sports. To enhance ethical discipline, it is imperative to implement improved training, establish explicit norms, ensure transparency, and enforce accountability. It is crucial to establish a framework for evaluating sports technology that takes into account ethical considerations in order to maintain fairness and honesty in the face of technological progress. The principle of equity, which advocates for equal and unbiased possibilities in the categorization of paralympic sports, emphasizes the importance of a fair classification system to maintain the integrity of competition. Similarly, the ethical dilemmas in eSports reflect those found in traditional sports. Placing a strong focus on ethical principles in sports research, which includes providing clear rules for research methods and addressing clinical obstacles that may arise in specific situations, can reinfornce the importance of maintaining integrity and credibility in sports science. Keywords: Sports Ethics, Legal Framework, Guarantee, Fairness, Openness

Abstract. This study examines the legal and social perspectives of supporter violence in sports. The study employed a systematic literature review, gathering articles from Google Scholar based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. For example, the search focused on articles published in journals indexed by Scopus databases. In addition, the articles must be published between 2019 and 2024. The keywords used were; "Legal AND Social AND Supporter Violence AND Sport". The search then obtained 61.700 articles. Furthermore, these articles were screened in several stages, yielding 10 articles that met the theme and fulfilled the inclusion requirements. During the article selection, this research followed the PRISMA method. The results revealed that the prevention of supporter violence requires a holistic and integrated approach. Controlling supporters' violent behavior needs not only strict legal frameworks and consistent law enforcement but also organizational culture changes and structural arrangements within sports organizations to instill a culture of anti-violence. Cultural norms and supportive group dynamics also play a role in mitigating violence, showing the need for a community-based approach involving supporters as a part of prevention strategies. This study also found psychological factors such as personality characteristics, empathy, and materialism to be significant factors determining supporters' aggressive behavior. Thus, an effective approach needs to integrate various aspects, including legal, social, psychological, and organizational. Additionally, collaborative governance should be expanded to increase the effectiveness of interventions. In designing comprehensive policies, it is important to integrate perspectives from different disciplines and involve supporters while paying attention to accountability and the deep psychological impact to create a safe environment and significantly reduce supporter violence. Keywords: perspective, law, social, violence, supporter, sport

The local community distinguishes between Barbonymus belinka (Balingka) and Barbonymus schwanefeldii (Kapiek) in Lake Singkarak based on size due to the morphological similarities between the two species. From previous reports, B. belinka (Balingka) is a fish endemic to Lake Singkarak, West Sumatra, while B. schwanefeldii has a wider distribution, including Sumatra, Kalimantan, and Java. Consequently, molecular identification is necessary to discern between the species and to understand the DNA barcode characteristics of fish belonging to the genus Barbonymus in Lake Singkarak. One molecular technique utilized for species identification is DNA barcoding, which focuses on the COI (Cytochrome Oxidase Subunit I) gene. Liver tissue samples from Balingka and Kapiek fish from Lake Singkarak were used in the study. Based on 585 bp of COI gene sequences and 30 comparison sequences from BOLD system and GenBank NCBI, seven samples from Lake Singkarak show a genetic distance of 0–1.2% from B. schwanefeldii populations elsewhere, with 15 differing nucleotide bases. Moreover, samples from Lake Singkarak show a genetic distance of 7.7–8.2% from B. belinka in the BOLD system from Aceh, with 42 differing nucleotide bases. Furthermore, two specific bases are present in B. schwanefeldii from Lake Singkarak. Based on the results of this research, it is known that all samples from Lake Singkarak, including Balingka and Kapiek, belong to the same species, namely B. schwanefeldii.

Aim A rare and diverse set of abnormalities formed by spinal blood arteries known as spinal arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) has a higher risk of haemorrhage and morbidity, causing the shunting of blood from veins with an aberrant capillary bed to arteries. Knowledge of the vascular anatomy of spinal AVMs and the spinal cord's vascular supply is crucial to its therapy. The aim of this study was to report a case of SAVM healing after surgical excision, highlighting the importance of surgical excision in treating these rare lesions.Methods A 56-year-old male with progressive bilateral lower extremity weakness and numbness was diagnosed with spinal cord arteriovenous malformation (SAVM). A thoracolumbar spine MRI was performed, and a vascular lesion was found. The feeding artery was coagulated and incised, and the surrounding hematoma was removed. Spinal cord arteriovenous malformation was diagnosed postoperative-ly. The Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) and the SF-36 questionnaires assessed functional outcomes and physical functioning in individuals with acute or chronic low back pain.Results In the reported case, the aneurysm showed spontaneous regression at follow-up after surgical removal of the AVM. Post-surgery rehabilitation improved his motor function. After seven months, he showed 90% physical functioning, 75% emotional well-being, 75% social functioning, 87.5% pain, and 55% general health. He could walk with a walking aid and perform daily activities.Conclusion Treatment strategies for AVM-related spinal aneurysms should be carefully considered. Surgical treatment in several conditions has advantages and is reported to have good outcomes.

Memahami keamanan siber sangat penting di era digital saat ini, dan penelitian telah dilakukan untuk memahami faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi keberhasilan atau kegagalannya. Faktor manusia berperan penting dalam keamanan siber, dan lebih dari 95% serangan yang berhasil disebabkan oleh kesalahan manusia. Tekanan waktu adalah faktor lain yang tidak boleh diabaikan, karena organisasi sering kali menghadapi tekanan waktu yang tinggi dalam lingkungan bisnis yang kompetitif dan dinamis. Penelitian mengenai faktor manusia dalam keamanan siber menunjukkan bahwa faktor manusia masih menjadi perhatian utama dibandingkan dengan teknologi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis perkembangan dan tren keamanan siber mengenai faktor manusia dan tekanan waktu dari tahun 2014 hingga 2023 menggunakan Analisis Bibliometrik dari software R studio. Metodologi penelitian meliputi perencanaan, identifikasi kata kunci, pencarian data Scopus, dan pembatasan pencarian pada "semua bidang" untuk memperoleh data yang sesuai dengan tema penelitian. Penelitian dibatasi sebanyak 110 jurnal yang diambil dari database Scopus. Kesimpulannya, memahami faktor manusia dan tekanan waktu dalam keamanan siber sangat penting bagi organisasi untuk meningkatkan langkah-langkah keamanan siber mereka. Dengan menganalisis perkembangan dan tren faktor-faktor ini, para peneliti dapat lebih memahami masa depan keamanan siber dan mengambil keputusan yang tepat untuk melindungi informasi dan infrastruktur penting.

One effort to strengthen the idea of democratic policing is through civic education. This research has the main aim of analyzing the conceptual aspects contained in civic education in order to provide strengthening ideas for democratic policing. This research also attempts to outline the challenges of democratic policing as viewed from the perspective of civic education in Indonesia. This article uses Gary Goertz's three-level conceptual analysis framework to dissect the conceptual dimensions in civic education that are useful for strengthening democratic policing. Qualitatively, data was obtained using literature studies from various books, journal articles, report documents, and other literature. This study shows that civic education, which is integrated with democracy, politics, law, human rights, anti-corruption, and peace education, can be a vehicle for conceptually strengthening the idea of democratic policing. In addition, this study found a number of challenges for civic education in strengthening democratic policing efforts in Indonesia. The main challenges are the problems that occur in the police institution, including not yet fully supporting democratic culture and spaces for citizens, the issue of police neutrality in political life, the practice of violations of law and human rights by police officers, the existence of corrupt behavior, and the fact that the police has not yet fully become a humanist and non-violent institution. This study requires further research to see to what extent the implementation of the concept of civic education can strengthen democratic policing efforts that are oriented to the citizenship dimension.

Esta investigación tiene como objetivo examinar la revisión legal de los casos de acoso contra estudiantes con discapacidad en el aprendizaje de la educación física en la escuela. La investigación se llevó a cabo utilizando el método de revisión sistemática de la literatura. Para lograr los objetivos, los datos se obtuvieron utilizando el software Scispace de bases de datos eruditas en línea, como Scopus y DOAJ. Se centró en artículos publicados entre 2019 - 2024. Los artículos se seleccionaron en función de los criterios de inclusión: artículos publicados en revistas internacionales indexadas en las bases de datos Scopus y DOAJ. La investigación empleó ciertas palabras clave: "Casos de acoso escolar", "Estudiantes con discapacidad" y "Actividades de aprendizaje de educación física". A partir de los resultados de la búsqueda, se encontraron inicialmente 90 artículos en revistas indexadas en Scopus y DOAJ. A continuación, estos artículos se examinaron de nuevo para generar finalmente 10 artículos. Se seleccionaron los que coincidían con el tema y cumplían los requisitos de inclusión. Para el análisis de los datos se utilizó una operacionalización estándar denominada método PRISMA. Los resultados de esta revisión de la literatura encontraron varias conclusiones, incluyendo (1) Un enfoque de colaboración a largo plazo es más eficaz para reducir el acoso entre los estudiantes con discapacidades, haciendo hincapié en la importancia de la colaboración entre estudiantes, profesores y padres, (2) El desarrollo de programas deportivos especiales en curso puede capacitar a estos estudiantes e identificar las barreras de participación, (3) Es necesario un marco estratégico, que incluya la identificación de problemas, la planificación, la aplicación y la evaluación, para crear un entorno de aprendizaje seguro e integrador, junto con un enfoque de estudios culturales para comprender la interacción entre la cultura, la ley y los derechos de los discapacitados, (4) La formación intensiva del profesorado es crucial para satisfacer las necesidades individuales de los alumnos y adaptar las estrategias de aprendizaje. Por último,(5) existe una brecha significativa en el acceso a la educación inclusiva en línea para los estudiantes con discapacidad, lo que requiere políticas que garanticen la igualdad de oportunidades de aprendizaje a través de la tecnología. Palabras clave: Revisión legal, casos de acoso escolar, estudiantes con discapacidad, educación física, escuelas Abstract. This research aims to examine the legal review of bullying cases against students with disabilities in physical education learning at school. The research was conducted using the systematic literature review method. To achieve the objectives, data were obtained using Scispace software from online scholar databases, such as Scopus and DOAJ. It focused on articles published between 2019 - 2024. The articles were selected based on inclusion criteria: articles published in international journals indexed in Scopus and DOAJ databases. The research employed certain keywords: “Bullying Cases”, “Students with Disabilities”, and “Physical Education Learning Activities”. Based on the search results, 90 articles were initially found in journals indexed in Scopus and DOAJ. Next, these articles were screened again to finally generate 10 articles. They were selected that matched the theme and met the inclusion requirements. The data analysis involved a standard operationalization called the PRISMA method. The results of this literature review found several conclusions, including (1) A long-term, collaborative approach is most effective in reducing bullying among students with disabilities, emphasizing the importance of collaboration among students, teachers, and parents, (2) Developing ongoing special sports programs can empower these students and identify participation barriers, (3) A strategic framework, including problem identification, planning, implementation, and evaluation, is necessary to create a safe and inclusive learning environment, alongside a cultural studies approach to understand the interplay between culture, law, and disability rights, (4) Intensive teacher training is crucial to meet individual student needs and adapt learning strategies. Finally,(5) There is a significant gap in access to online inclusive education for students with disabilities, necessitating policies to ensure equal learning opportunities through technology. Keywords: Legal review, Bullying cases, Students with disabilities, Physical education, Schools

The realization of a civil society is the highest ideal in every group of people, many efforts have been made by policy makers related to this, and not a few of the academics who gave birth to concepts related to efforts to realize civil society. While in Islam, the Quran is the source of every aspect of life without exception to develop and build a civil society, therefore this paper will reveal and describe the results of the analysis of human resource development according to the Quran in an effort to realize civil society. The research was conducted through a literature study, the main sources of which are interpretations of the Quran related to civil society, articles and books that discuss relevant topics. Data analysis techniques are done through domain analysis that runs since data collection. The results of the analysis prove that acknowledging diversity, tolerance and having a democratic attitude are attitudes that must be built in realizing civil society. This finding is in line with the necessity of the birth of a generation based on the Quran and always practicing the content of Quranic values in everyday life.

Biomass conversion is pivotal in promoting sustainability and mitigating environmental pollution. In the quest to address the daunting challenge of oil spills, bioaerogels have surfaced as a beacon of hope. Their unique attributes, including remarkable porosity, lightness, and eco-compatibility, position them as ideal candidates for this purpose. Nonetheless, their application is not without challenges. Key issues such as limited capacity for oil absorption, specificity in oil-water separation, mechanical robustness, stability, and control over buoyancy are areas of active research and development. This comprehensive review delves into the current trends and advancements in augmenting the efficacy of bioaerogel composites specifically tailored for oil spill remediation. It meticulously examines a spectrum of modification strategies. Through a detailed analysis of recent research and technological breakthroughs, the review sheds light on innovative approaches and methodologies. It underscores the potential of these advancements in elevating the performance of bioaerogel composites in the realm of oil spill management. The insights gathered here are instrumental in charting the course for future research directions. They also underscore the importance of interdisciplinary collaboration in tackling environmental crises.

Melalui refleksi atas pengalaman hidupnya sendiri sebagai bagian dari komunitas muslim, Riffat Hassan menunjukan adanya fakta sosial mengenai ketimpangan gender yang terjadi dalam mayoritas masyarakat yang memeluk agama Islam. Menurutnya, fakta ini bertentangan dengan ajaran Islam itu sendiri yang justru menjunjung tinggi kesetaraan dan keadilan. Kemudian untuk menjawab persoalan tersebut, Riffat Hassan mengajukan gagasan mengenai teologi feminis. Dalam artikel ini, penulis akan mengkaji pemikiran Riffat Hassan mengenai teologi feminisnya dan menunjukan relevansi pemikiran tersebut terhadap peran laki-laki dalam isu gender. Hasil kajian yang diperoleh menunjukan, pertama Riffat Hassan berhasil mengungkap bahwa penyebab ketimpangan gender adalah kultur patriarki yang melatarbelakangi tafsir dan pemikiran terhadap ajaran Islam. Misalnya, ditunjukan melalui pelestarian mitos penciptaan Hawa dari tulang rusuk Adam yang menurut Riffat Hassan, kisah ini telah dijadikan legitimasi paling kuat untuk menggambarkan superioritas laki-laki atas perempuan. Kedua, tujuan teologi feminis bagi Riffat Hassan tidak hanya untuk membebaskan perempuan muslim, melainkan laki-laki muslim, karena keduanya adalah sama-sama korban kultur patriarki. Di sinilah, peran laki-laki dalam isu gender menemukan relevansinya. Kata kunci: teologi feminis, kultur patriarki, ketimpangan gender, mitos penciptaan

Information technology has changed society, services, and the tourism sector has attracted many research and publications. Even though previous research aims to show an understanding of tourism technology factors, there is still little to discuss the technology factors of Indonesian tourism. Discussing scientific publications about tourism technology in Indonesia can provide a deeper understanding of the development of information technology in the Indonesian tourism sector by providing solutions. This research aims to analyze developments and trends in tourism technology factors in Indonesia from 2014 to 2023 with bibliometric analysis from R Studio and using 113 Scopus indexed articles. The methodology includes planning, keyword identification, Scopus data searches, bibliometrics, developments and trends in Indonesian tourism technology. The results of this research show an increase in publications from year to year, in annual citations there are fluctuations, the number of articles published varies with the position of Sustainability (Switzerland) being ranked first with 25 published articles, Indonesia is the country that publishes the most articles and the frequency has increasing, Indonesia has also become a top keyword, and in tourism technology trends there are two clusters within the basic themes, namely tourism and West Java, which are the direction for further research

This study explores the effectiveness of inquiry-based MI learning in improving students' understanding of PAI concepts, increasing student involvement in the learning process, and evaluating measurable increases in learning achievement in PAI subjects. This study aimed to investigate and evaluate the effectiveness of Inquiry-Based Multiple Intelligences (MI) Implementation in improving student achievement in Islamic Religious Education (PAI) subjects at SMP Nurul Jadid Paiton Probolinggo. In designing this research, researchers used a qualitative approach and a type of case study. Researchers collect research data using three research techniques: in-depth interviews, participant observation, and documentation studies. Researchers used participant observation methods. This study used qualitative descriptive analysis of Miles and Huberman types. This study aimed to investigate and evaluate the effectiveness of Inquiry-Based Multiple Intelligences (MI) Implementation in improving student achievement in Islamic Religious Education (PAI) subjects at SMP Nurul Jadid Paiton Probolinggo. The results showed that implementing the Islamic Religious Learning (PAI) strategy with the Inquiry-Based Multiple Intelligences (MI) Implementation approach at SMP Nurul Jadid Paiton Probolinggo significantly impacted the learning process and student achievement. This approach increases student participation and facilitates their involvement in the learning process.

Research on the genetic variation of Anguilla spp. in the waters of the West Coast of West Sumatra was carried out from February to June 2022. This study used the RAPD (random amplified polymorphic DNA) method. In this study, two Anguilla species were found, namely A. marmorata and A. bicolor bicolor. The highest heterozygosity value of A. marmorata in the Tarusan River was 0,2018, and A. bicolor bicolor in Mentawai was 0,2340. The values of gene flow (Nm) in A. marmorata and A. bicolor bicolor were 0.7592 and 1.6318. The values of genetic differentiation (GST) in A. marmorata and A. bicolor bicolor were 0.3971 and 0.2345, respectively. This shows that the value of genetic variation of A. marmorata and A. bicolor bicolor in several rivers on the west coast of West Sumatra is low.

This study aims to observe customer's responses toward car fragrance products, examine the volatility and properness of the essential oil-based product. Essential oil is a group of vegetable oil in form of liquid that easily evaporated at room temperature. Hence it gives unique scents. This research is carried out with a descriptive method using a qualitative approach. The data analysis technique of this research is using SWOT analysis (Strength, Weakness, Opportunity, and Threat) and calculation of Cost of Goods Sold to compare the two samples of car freshener. The result of this research showed that product A which is based on patchouli essential oil, citronella, coffee, and gadenza essential was more preferable by the customer with the range of selling price in IDR 19.000 – IDR 22.000 than product B. SWOT analysis explained that the product's strength is the multifunction of the product as aromatherapy and the opportunity of the product to compete in a wider market; while the weakness of the product is the high labour of production process. The total calculation of the Cost of Goods Sold for product A is IDR 15.440 and product B is IDR 15.960.

One essential objective of rice breeding is to obtain high-yielding varieties. This study aimed to (1) determine the effect of genotype (G), environment (E), and genotype by environment (G×E) interaction on agronomic traits and yield of 12 lowland rice genotypes, (2) estimate variance components and repeatability (3) identify promising rice genotypes with good agronomic performance and high yield potential. The trials were conducted in three irrigated lowland locations from June to November 2020, using a randomized complete block design with three replications. The results showed that the G×E interaction effect was significant on days to flowering, days to harvest, plant height, number of tillers, and panicle length. The genotype's main effect was significant on yield. Four IPB lines (IPB189-F-13-1-1, IPB189-F-23-2-2, IPB193-F-17-2-3, and IPB193-F-30-2-1) had a higher average yield than Ciherang and Inpari 32 varieties. The IPB189-F-23-2-2 had a panicle length stability across the three test locations and a higher average yield than the checks.

Pogostemon cablin, Melaleuca leucadendra, and Mentha piperita are three aromatic plants that have been reported to produce a high yield of volatile components with medicinal and therapeutic properties. This present study aimed to perform qualitative and semi-quantitative analysis on the volatile components present in the aforementioned aromatic plants. Essential oils from P. cablin and M. leucadendra were obtained from community-based enterprises in Aceh Province, Indonesia. The essential oils were further purified using vacuum rotary evaporator. In addition, we also investigated the essential oils from M. piperita based on the priorly optimized parameters. The volatile components contained in the essential oils were identified using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis. The qualitative data were derived from the MS data based on the fragmented components separated by the GC and compared with the database. The abundance of each volatile component was determined based on the area percentage of the chromatographic peak. In P. cablin oil, the relative abundance of α-guaiene and seychellene was higher in heavy fraction (17.11 and 10.29, respectively), while patchouli alcohol in light fraction (69.92%). Eucalyptol was found higher in the light fraction of M. leucadendra oil (MO) than that in the heavy fraction (78.87% vs. 17.34%, respectively). As for the M. piperita oil, menthone was found as the predominant component with relative abundance of 21.6%. Essential oils extracted from P. cablin, M. leucadendra, and M. piperita consist of volatile components with medicinal and therapeutic potentials, in which their compositions are affected by the purification process.

Collaborative works among pairs, groups or one pair with another pair are favoured to accomplish, particularly in writing tasks. Students cannot undertake collaborative revision face-to-face during classroom instruction in EFL writing during the pandemic. Therefore, online collaborative revision has become a practical solution, especially in the context of EFL writing classes. This study aims to apprehend students' experience in online collaborative writing revision in the L2 writing context, focusing on language rules. This study employed qualitative research with a narrative inquiry as a research design. A proportionate interview with probability sampling is used as the main instrument to collect data from the EFL students at the Department of Teacher Training and Education, Universitas Lancang Kuning. Five students from the seventh semester who had taken an argumentative writing class were chosen as the participant. The findings reveals, through experiencing online collaborative writing revision, students were knowledgeable and well-improved in revising their writings, particularly on language rules. The analysis showed the students managed to share multiple perspectives on how they are experiencing the online collaborative writing revision. In conclusion, online collaborative writing revision helps students with their writing revision through the feedback they obtain during the activities in the class and makes them have an exceeding writing performance. The expected contribution from this research is to gain an exceeding description of students' needs in implementing online collaborative writing revision.

Rice is a major world staple food crop, and therefore breeding improved varieties is of ultimate importance. Genotype-by-environment analyses are essential to understand the potential performance of the lines over environments. This study aimed to elucidate the stability, agronomic performance, and grain quality of elite new plant type (NPT) rice lines developed for tropical lowland areas. Elite NPT rice lines were evaluated in eight locations along with national varieties as checks. Combined analysis across environments and several stability analyses were performed. The results revealed the possibility of breeding high-yielding NPT rice varieties with different stability profiles, namely broad adaptation (IPB189-F-13-1-1 (G5), bi = 0.91), suited for favorable environments (IPB187-F-37-1-2 (G1), bi = 1.47), and adapted to marginal environments (IPB193-F-30-2-1 (G9), bi = 0.54). G1 and G5 belonged to different groups of grain characteristics, each with low and high amylose content, respectively. The highest yielding line (IPB189-F-23-2-2 (G6), 8.68 ton ha−1) had an advantage of 19.39% over the highest yielding check, i.e., Inpari 32 (7.27 ton ha−1). This increase in yield was contributed by the success of breeding with a greater 1000-grain weight (11.91%) and number of filled grains per panicle (42.37%) than Inpari 32; meanwhile, the plant height also increased by 19 %. In addition, the rank correlations among three stability parameters, sdi2, Wi2, and σi2 were positive and highly significant. This study enlightens the prospect of breeding NPT rice varieties with different adaptations in tropical lowland areas.

Cyclocheilichthys apogon (Beardless Barb fish) and Cyclocheilichthys armatus (Hihgfin Barb fish) in West Sumatra is known by the local name Turiak and Catua fish, respectively, are economically important species. Reducing populations and limited biological information about these fishes make their genetic diversity and phylogenetic relationships crucial. The genetic variation was investigated by analyzing the sequencing of a part of mitochondrial DNA Cytochrome b (Cyt b) and Cytochrome oxidase-I (COI) genes of 23 individuals collected from West Sumatra populations. Phylogenetic analysis revealed the monophyletic lineage of the Cyclocheilichthys group and supported Anematichthys as the synonym of Cyclocheilichthys. C. armatus was closely related to C. janthochir and separated from C. apogon with sequences divergence were 12.7-14.0% (Cyt b) and 9.4%-10.0% (COI). C. apogon and C. armatus have low haplotype diversity and genetic diversity, respectively. Genetic diversity within and among populations with sequences divergence was 0.0-0.8% (Cyt b) and 0.0%-0.7% (COI), respectively. The low-level diversity may signify a possibility of gene flow within and among populations. The current data suggests all populations as a single stock unit. Present genetic information is important to establishing effective population management, conservation, and breeding strategies for Turiak and Catua fish.

Ciujung watershed is located in Banten province, Indonesia. The Ciujung watershed is one of the watersheds that have a significant area coverage, such as Serang, Lebak, and the eastern part of Pandeglang. These areas are developing both in terms of population growth and infrastructure. Therefore, a more in-depth study of the Ciujung watershed, namely morphometric studies, is needed to optimize the utilization of the river's renewable natural resources and mitigate potential flood hazards in the watershed area. The method used is remote sensing based on DEMNAS satellite data using QGis software. The parameters analyzed were watershed shape, watershed area, river branch ratio, and river density. The results show that the Ciujung watershed is divided into 14 sub-watersheds. In general, the sub-watersheds have a bird feather shape, and some are radial and parallel, which causes some research areas to be very at risk of flooding. From the condition of river branching, most areas are unaffected by deformation. A small part of the deformed area occurs in the middle area of the Ciujung watershed. This is interpreted to be related to tectonic activity. The drainage density shows that the Ciujung watershed is based on resistant rocks and materials, so it is easily eroded and causes siltation of the river in the downstream area, which can trigger flooding.

Berdasarkan hasil quiz harian pada matakuliah speaking, peneliti menemukan kemampuan mereka berada di level poor. Sebagai solusi dari masalah tersebut, peneliti telah menggunakan BIP Video Call untuk meningkatkan kemampuan Speaking sertatelah menemukan faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi perubahan pada kemampuan speaking mereka. Penelitian ini telah menggunakan desain Penelitian Tindakan Kelas (PTK) sebanyak satu siklus dengan jumlah pertemuan sebanyak empat kali termasuk tes. Penelitian ini memiliki beberapa prosedur; Planning, Action, Observation, and Reflection. Penelitian ini tidak memiliki teknik sampling, tapi meamakai istilah partisipan. Mahasiswa yang telah menjadi partisipan dari penelitian ini adalah mahasiswa Semester II Pendidikan bahasa Inggris FKIP UNILAK yang diajar pada matakuliah Speaking, khususnya Speaking for Everyday Communication. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian campuran antara kuantitatif dan kualitatif. Data kualitatif diperoleh dengan menggunakan instrumen wawancara. Sedangkan data kuantitatif diperoleh melalui intrumen tes, yaitu tes kemampuan speaking. Hasil yang telah diperoleh dari penelitian ini yaitu adanya peningkatan nilai rata-rata speaking mereka dari angka 52 menjadi 53.2. masih kategori poor. Ada dua faktor yang memengaruhi terjadinya perubahan nilai rata-rata tersebut; pertama kualitas suara yang dihasilkan oleh BIP Video Call lebih jelas dan kedua videonya menghasilkan visualisasi yang lebih jernih. Kesimpulannya, BIP Video Call dapat membantu mahasiswa dalam memperlancar proses komunikasi mereka dalam mata kuliah speaking.

Abstrak Perkerasan jalan terutama pada perkerasan lentur sering mengalami kerusakan yang lebih cepat akibat beban muatan kendaraan. Penggunaan bahan tambah (additive) menjadi salah satu alternatif yang digunakan untuk mendapatkan kualitas lapis perkerasan yang baik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan nilai Kadar Aspal Optimum (KAO) dan mendapatkan kinerja VIM, VMA dan VFA campuran lapisan AC-WC dengan penambahan limbah plastik High Density Polyethylene (HDPE). Metode yang digunakan pada penelitian ini mengacu pada Spesifikasi Teknis Bina Marga 2018 Revisi 2 Divisi 6. nilai KAO dengan metode marshall sebesar 6,45% pada variasi 0% penambahan limbah plastik, 6,3% pada variasi 1% penambahan limbah plastik, 6,25% pada variasi 1,5% penambahan limbah plastik dan 6,2% pada variasi 2% penambahan limbah plastik. Berdasarkan hasil pengujian laboratorium nilai KAO Marshall yang didapatkan semakin menurun dengan penambahan limbah plastik dan penambahan limbah plastik 2% merupakan kadar terbaik yang dapat digunakan dalam campuran beraspal karena memiliki nilai VIM dan VMA yang rendah dan nilai VFA yang tinggi. Kata kunci: 1, Aspal 2, AC-WC 3, Limbah Plastik 4, HDPE 5 Marshall Abstract Road pavements, especially flexible pavements, often experience faster damage due to vehicle loads. The use of additives is one of the alternatives used to get a good quality pavement layer. This study aims to obtain the value of Optimum Asphalt Content (KAO) and to obtain the performance of VIM, VMA and VFA of a mixture of AC-WC layers with the addition of High Density Polyethylene (HDPE) plastic waste. The method used in this study refers to the Technical Specifications of Bina Marga 2018 Revision 2 Division 6. the KAO value with the Marshall method is 6.45% at 0% variation of addition of plastic waste, 6.3% to variation of 1% addition of plastic waste, 6, 25% in the 1.5% variation of the addition of plastic waste and 6.2% in the 2% variation of the addition of plastic waste. Based on the results of laboratory testing, the value of KAO Marshall obtained decreases with the addition of plastic waste and the addition of 2% plastic waste is the best level that can be used in asphalt mixtures because it has low VIM and VMA values and high VFA values. Keywords: 1, Asphalt 2, AC-WC 3, Plastic Waste 4, HDPE 5 Marshall

The overall quality of patchouli oil is closely related to the purification process during manufacturing. This research provided an effective and efficient method for purifying Aceh patchouli oil to secure high-quality patchouli oil. Purification was done by utilizing natural mineral sources that were sufficiently available in Aceh and applying them in various adsorption processes, analyzing the adsorption of Fe levels in patchouli oil, and characterizing nano adsorbents used in the adsorption process. Nanoparticles of zeolite and bentonite were used during the adsorption process with patchouli oil sourced from the South Aceh area. The adsorption process purified 20 mL of patchouli oil at a temperature of 45 ℃ with variable mass nano adsorbent 1; 3; 5 g, and variable stirring time 60; 180; 300 minutes. The purification filtrate was later analyzed for patchouli alcohol levels using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) and Fe levels using UV-Vis Spectrophotometry. The characterization of nano adsorbents was conducted using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and X-ray Diffractometry (XRD). The results showed that the most efficient adsorption process occurred in nano zeolite with a mass of 5 g and a stirring time of 300 minutes, where the patchouli alcohol content was 28.54%, Fe 0.8165 mg/kg. Meanwhile, nano zeolite’s most significant constituent components were silicon oxide (SiO2) of 48.9% and silicon carbide (CSi) of 31.3%. Visually the sample did not change color due to the low quality of patchouli oil, but the Fe level in the patchouli oil samples complied with SNI 06-2385-2006 with a maximum of 25 mg/kg. In addition, nano zeolite had an adsorption capacity of 0.96 mg/g with an adsorption efficiency of 98.49%.

Clarias batrachus is a species of fish that can be found in Sundaland. The separation of Sundaland resulted in the separation of the islands, one of which was the island of Sumatra. The island of Sumatra is divided into west and east sides by the Bukit Barisan mountains. So, it is necessary to study the phylogenetic of C. batrachus. The CO1 gene is one of the mtDNA genes that can be used for phylogenetic studies. This study was conducted to determine the geographical relationship to the phylogenetic relationship of C. batrachus populations in Sumatra and other populations in Southeast Asia using the CO1 gene and the relationship between geographic isolation in the eastern and western watersheds of Sumatra. Based on 504 bp of C. batrachus CO1 gene sequence and 19 comparison sequences, three sub-clusters with two subspecies were formed.

This article reinterprets the word caliph with a modern linguistic approach initiated by Ferdinand de Sausurre, namely the syntagmatic-paradigmatic analysis approach. This paper uses a qualitative method by grouping words and analyzing words in the Qur'an. In this paper, it is explained that caliph does not have a single and narrow meaning but is a living word when it is related to the lexemes that surround it. Syntagmatically the caliph has a relationship with the word; Rabb, Angel, qaum and 'ard. While in a paradigmatic relation with the word; Imam, ulu al-amri, ulul al-bab, ulama', auliya' and humans.

This research was based on the researcher's preliminary study which found that the students could not comprehend the meaning of texts in their textbook. This Classroom Action Research (CAR) aims to improve the students’ reading comprehension in narrative text through simplified text at grade VIII of SMP Budhi Luhur Pekanbaru. The research was administered to the second year students of SMP Budhi Luhur Pekanbaru. The total population was 34 students. After analyzing the data, the researcher found a significant effect of simplified text toward reading at the second-year SMP Budhi Luhur Pekanbaru students, where the average score from the based score was 58. It increased to 66 at the end of the cycle I. Finally, the average score of cycle II was 75. So it can be concluded that simplified text can increase the students' reading skill at grade VIII SMP Budhi Luhur Pekanbaru

The ritual offering of “toho dore” is a religious tradition carried out by the ancestors based on animism concept of “ma kakamba” and dynamism concept of “ma kakimbi”, which are still believed and practiced by some Mbojo tribes. The purpose of this study is to describe the meaning of ritual offerings (toho dore) for the Mbojo tribe community in Bima Regency; and to describe the ritual mystery (toho ra dore) in the Mbojo tribe of Bima Regency. The research approach uses a qualitative approach, ethnographic methods. Data collection techniques used are interviews, observations and documentations. Data analysis techniques using data reduction, data display and data verification. Testing the authenticity of the data using time triangulation, data sources and data collection techniques. All of the data are interpreted using Symbolic Interactionalism theory of George Herbert Mead. The findings show that ritual offerings serve people of Mbojo for various purposes: (1) Ritual offerings (toho dore) to obtain offspring, (2) Ritual offerings (toho dore) as a means of obtaining abundant harvests, (3) Ritual offerings (toho dore) to obtain large livestock yields, such as cattle and buffalo, (4) Ritual offerings (toho dore) to get a lot of sustenance when trading, even though the products sold are not as good and as many products as other business partners, (5) Ritual offerings (toho dore) to keep rice in the rice container (tewu bongi), (6) Ritual offerings (toho dore) so that the child in the content is not lost, (7) Ritual offerings (toho dore) to get a mate. Ritual sesajen (toho dore) merupakan suatu perilaku yang dilakukan oleh para nenek moyang atas kepercayaan pada dinamisme (ma kakamba) dan animisme (ma kakimbi) yang masih dipercayai dan dilaksanakan oleh sebagian suku Mbojo yang mempercayai keajaiban ritual-ritual tersebut. Lokasi-lokasi tertentu yang dipercayai oleh masyarakat untuk meletakkan sesajen (toho dore) yang terdiri dari kelapa muda, pisang, nasi ketan (oha mina), daun sirih, pinang dan ayam kampung yang berwarna putih atau hitam semua bulunya. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mendeskripsikan makna ritual sesajen (toho dore) bagi masyarakat suku Mbojo di Kabupaten Bima; dan untuk mendeskripsikan misteri ritual (toho dore) di suku Mbojo Kabupaten Bima. Teori yang digunakan yakni teori interaksionalisme simbolis George Herbert Mead. Pendekatan penelitian menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif, metode etnografi. Informan utama sejumlah 11 orang dan informan pendukung 3 orang, teknik sampling yang digunakan yakni snowball sampling. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan teknik interview, observasi dan dokumentasi. Teknik analisis data menggunakan reduksi data, display data dan verifikasi data. Pengujian keabsahan data menggunakan triangulasi waktu, sumber data dan teknik pengumpulan data. Temuan hasil penelitian terdiri dari (1) Ritual sesajen (toho dore) untuk mendapatkan keturunan, (2) Ritual sesajen (toho dore) sebagai sarana mendapatkan hasil panen berlimpah, (3) Ritual sesajen (toho dore) untuk mendapatkan hasil ternak yang banyak, seperti sapi dan kerbau, (4) Ritual sesajen (toho dore) untuk mendapatkan rezeki yang banyak saat berdagang padahal produk yang dijual tidak sebagus dan sebanyak produk rekan bisnis lainnya, (5) Ritual sesajen (toho dore) untuk tetap memiliki beras dalam tempat beras (tewu bongi), (6) Ritual sesajen (toho dore) agar anak dalam kandungan tidak hilang, (7) Ritual sesajen (toho dore) untuk mendapatkan jodoh, (8) Ritual sesajen (toho dore) untuk menyembuhkan sakit jiwa.

Water pollution is a significant environmental issue that has emerged because of industrial and economic growth. Human activities such as industrial, agricultural, and technological practices have increased the levels of pollutants in the environment, causing harm to both the environment and public health. Dyes and heavy metals are major contributors to water pollution. Organic dyes are a major concern because of their stability in water and their potential to absorb sunlight, increasing the temperature and disrupting the ecological balance. The presence of heavy metals in the production of textile dyes adds to the toxicity of the wastewater. Heavy metals are a global issue that can harm both human health and the environment and are mainly caused by urbanization and industrialization. To address this issue, researchers have focused on developing effective water treatment procedures, including adsorption, precipitation, and filtration. Among these methods, adsorption is a simple, efficient, and cheap method for removing organic dyes from water. Aerogels have shown potential as a promising adsorbent material because of their low density, high porosity, high surface area, low thermal and electrical conductivity, and ability to respond to external stimuli. Biomaterials such as cellulose, starch, chitosan, chitin, carrageenan, and graphene have been extensively studied for the production of sustainable aerogels for water treatment. Cellulose, which is abundant in nature, has received significant attention in recent years. This review highlights the potential of cellulose-based aerogels as a sustainable and efficient material for removing dyes and heavy metals from water during the treatment process.

This study aims to conceptually discuss the potential framework for an impactful technopreneurship education in response to the dynamic business environment. An integrative review based on the selected pertinent literature was utilized to undertake this study. Unlike a systematic review, the integrative review does not aim to cover all articles published on the topic but combines perspectives and insights from different fields or research traditions. Several steps were involved in conducting an integrative review comprising of defining the research questions, conducting a comprehensive search, screening and selecting studies, extracting data and analyzing findings, drawing conclusions and making recommendation. The changes in curriculum and learning processes as well as academic transformation by embedding technological innovation and capacity building are the main priorities in preparing technopreneurs. To prepare reliable technopreneurs, while it is important to focus on technological innovation and capacity building, yet to integrate these two aspects, collaboration is the key word hence the collaboration among universities, the business world, government, media, and the community becomes one of the interesting routes that need to be developed. The pentahelix collaboration plays a major role in the cycle of the technopreneurship from the idea formulation, research, precommercialization, commercialization and embarking the advanced market. Keywords: entrepreneurship, technopreneurship, technological innovation, capacity building, pentahelix collaboration

The purpose of this research is to describe the pattern of relationships between Weaving Workers and capital owners. The research approach uses a qualitative approach, a phenomenological method. The main informants were 13 people and 3 supporting informants, the sampling technique used was purposive sampling. Data collection techniques using interview, observation and documentation. Data analysis techniques using data reduction, data display, and data verification. The results showed (1) the pattern of the weaver's relationship with the weaving capital, (2) the pattern of the relationship of the weaving laborer with their own capital and educational institutions, (3) the pattern of the relationship of the weaving laborer with the company / individual capital owner, (4) the pattern of the weaver's relationship with small family (nuclear family), (5) pattern of weaver relationship with extended family, (6) pattern of labor relations between weaving with KUBE, company and own capital, (7) pattern of relationship between weaving labor and small family (nuclear family) and extended family, (8) the pattern of relations between weaving workers and individual owners of capital, (9) the pattern of relations between laborers weaving with banks, and (10) the pattern of relations between workers weaving with savings and loan cooperatives, analyzed using the theory of alienation.

The global demand for clean water has become increasingly important in the past decade as a result of the growing world population, civilization, and the increase in sources of contaminations. Aerogels are an exceptional form of porous materials with extraordinary unique properties. The aerogel has been fabricated from different inorganic and organic materials and incorporated with a variety of novel compounds for specific applications and to enhance its performance in the desired application. Activated carbon is well known for its water-pollutant adsorption, it has been prepared from several organic materials including agricultural wastes and used to treat water from organic dyes, heavy metals, oils, and toxic chemicals. However, as a powder form, activated carbon must be incorporated either into a filter or undergo a post-treatment step to remove the adsorbent from treated water. This review highlighted the development of agricultural waste-based carbon and activated carbon loaded nano-structured aerogels. A review of the types of aerogels and the properties based on the precursor materials was conducted to extensively discuss the potential use of agricultural waste-based carbon and activated carbon loaded nano-structured aerogels in wastewater treatment applications. We also discussed the challenges and future prospects of carbon and activated carbon nano-structured aerogels for wastewater treatment applications.

This paper reviews the effectiveness of implementing Weather Modification Technology (WMT) in efforts to control forest and land fire disasters in Indonesia. Analysis is carried out on several parameters in the field that can be measured and observed. WMT has been proven to be able to increase rainfall intensity by 12.9% and shorten the duration of Consecutive No Rain Days, which in turn can reduce the number of hotspot events in the target area. The implementation of WMT during the rainy season transition period has also been proven to be able to increase the peatland groundwater level, which ultimately shortens the drought period in the target area. The WMT implementation program, which has become increasingly well-planned in the last 4 years (2020-2023), has proven to be able to reduce the number of hotspot incidents, the extent of forest and land fires, and the amount of carbon emissions in Indonesia quite significantly. Based on updated data until September 2023, the number of hotspots, burnt area, and total carbon emissions in Indonesia were "only" 22%, 38.9%, and 5.3% respectively compared to the numbers in 2019, which was both an El Nino year.

The past few years have witnessed extensive global industrial development that has led to massive pollution to most available water resources. There is no alternative to sustainable development, and the utilization of agricultural waste for wastewater treatment has been always a novel milestone in sustainable development goals. Agricultural-waste-based nano-activated carbon exhibits high porosity, great surface area, and unique surface functional groups that promote it to becoming a future and sustainable solution for wastewater treatment applications. Several modification approaches have been made to further enhance the adsorption capacity and reusability of such adsorbents. In this review, we presented the potential of agricultural-waste-based nano-activated carbon as a sustainable solution for wastewater treatment. We highlighted the fabrication process and properties of different nano-activated carbons in addition to different modification approaches to enhance its adsorption capacity. Finally, we critically discussed the recent advances in nano-activated carbon applications in water treatment including its role in drinking water filtration, organic dye removal, oil spill applications, heavy metals removal and the elimination of toxic compounds from wastewater.

Patchouli extracts and oils extracted from Pogostemon cablin are essential raw material for the perfume and cosmetics industries, in addition to being used as a natural additive for food flavoring. Steam distillation is a standard method used for plant extraction. However, this method causes thermal degradation of some essential components of the oil. In this study, patchouli was extracted with supercritical carbon dioxide (SC-CO2) under different conditions of pressure (10–30 MPa) and temperature (40–80 °C). The chemical components of the crude extracted oil and the functional group were characterized using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR). The extraction with supercritical carbon dioxide was shown to provide a higher yield (12.41%) at a pressure of 20 MPa and a temperature of 80 °C. Patchouli alcohol, Azulene, δ-Guaiene, and Seychellene are the main bioactive compounds that GC-MS results have identified. FTIR spectra showed alcohol, aldehyde, and aromatic ring bond stretching peaks. Extraction of patchouli with supercritical carbon dioxide provided a higher yield and a better quality of the crude patchouli oil.

According to the Indonesian Tourism Association statutes 2011, tour guideshave several duties, one of them is improving consecutively their professionalism. The indicator which can be indicated from their professionalism is their capability in doing well communication with their colleague or tourist particularly communication in English. Related to the daily activity, wheneverI invite them to make an English tour none of them ready to execute it. It one of the symptoms shows that they have limit capability in English communication. To solve this problem, I and team have trained them in English for tourist guide in several meetings. As a result, this English tourist guide training can develop their capability in making English communicationas long as they want to practice their English with their colleague or by them selves

Tri dharma higher education requires lecturers to carry out, research, warming and devotion to society. Therefore as a form of moral responsibility to the community to improve knowledge through formal education or non-formal. The purpose of this coaching is to introduce capital market products and how knowledge and costs for investments and costs. So far, people are still patterned with a project with a high cost and difficult for those who are afraid to invest, even if there is an investment community with a road to find a safe at home and maybe even raising. Investing in shares is something that is very important that the internet. These targets are students and teachers with the hope that these students will transmit their knowledge to the community. Existing benefits by using existing resources for other things offered for sale in terms of investment.Tri dharma higher education requires lecturers to carry out, research, warming and devotion to society. Therefore as a form of moral responsibility to the community to improve knowledge through formal education or non-formal. The purpose of this coaching is to introduce capital market products and how knowledge and costs for investments and costs. So far, people are still patterned with a project with a high cost and difficult for those who are afraid to invest, even if there is an investment community with a road to find a safe at home and maybe even raising. Investing in shares is something that is very important that the internet. These targets are students and teachers with the hope that these students will transmit their knowledge to the community. Existing benefits by using existing resources for other things offered for sale in terms of investment.

The production of patchouli oil refining the largest waste in Indonesia. But still has high nutrient content and can be used as liquid organic fertilizer. To increase the efficiency of the formation of liquid fertilizer from patchouli waste requires the role of EM4 bioactivator and chicken manure. The study aims to determine the production of liquid organic fertilizer froom potchouli waste with EM4 bioactivator and the addition of chicken manure as well as to analyze the effect of fermentation time and EM4 solution to obtain maximum N, P, K content. The results showed that there were some effect of fermentation time and variable of EM4 on NPK content. The maximum solution of N in the variable 8% EM4 solution with fermrntation time of 3 days was 0.34%. The maximum P in the variable of 4% EM4 solution with a fermentation time of 9 days was 0.10%. The maximum K in the variable of 2 and 4% EM4 solution with a fermentation time of 5 days were 0.27%.

Starch hydrogels are highly available, biocompatible and biodegradable materials that have promising applications in medical and pharmaceutical industries. However, their applications are very limited due to their poor mechanical properties and fragility. Here, we investigated, for the first time, conventional corn and waxy corn starch-based hydrogels for loading patchouli essential oil. The essential oil extracted by supercritical carbon dioxide with a yield reached 8.37 ± 1.2 wt.% (wet sample) at 80 °C temperature and 10 MPa pressure. Patchouli essential oil exhibited a 23 to 28 mm zone of inhibition against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. Waxy starch hydrogels had better properties in term of viscosity, water evaporation stability and the delivery of essential oil than conventional starch hydrogels. The viscosity and spreadability of a 6% waxy starch sample were 15,016 ± 59 cP and 4.02 ± 0.34 g·cm/s, respectively, compared with those of conventional starch hydrogel (13,008 ± 29 cP and 4.59 ± 0.88 g·cm/s). Waxy starch-based hydrogels also provided slower in vitro biodegradation behavior and sustained release of essential oil compared with conventional starch hydrogels. All the samples were biocompatible and non-cytotoxic to fibroblast cells; the addition of patchouli essential oil enhances the proliferation of the cells. The enhanced viscosity, good antibacterial and improved biocompatibility results of prepared hydrogels confirm their suitability for wound healing applications.

This study aims to examine the role of investor protection moderation on the effect of corporate governance on the quality of earnings. The population of this study was 50 non-financial companies listed on the ASEAN country Stock Exchange covering the countries of Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, Singapore, and Thailand during 2011-2015. This study uses a purposive sampling method, with a total sample of 250 companies. The data analysis technique used is moderated regression analysis. The results of this study state that investor protection strengthens the influence of corporate governance on the quality of earnings that is proxied by earnings management. Based on the results of testing, it was found that moderation in protection of investors with corporate governance can improve supervision and monitoring of financial reporting policies carried out by management so that the better the legal system in a country and the better implementation of corporate governance in the company, the minority investors easier to control to the management of financial reporting policies and decision-making related to accounting policies so that it can put pressure on management and management to be careful in reporting company finances which in turn affect the quality of earnings.

Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kuantitatif dengan jenis penelitian deskriptif menggunakan uji regresi linier berganda. Kesimpulan penelitian ini adalah kepuasan pengguna dan penggunaan baik secara parsial maupun bersama-sama berpengaruh secara positif dan signifikan terhadap dampak individual, dimana masingmasing variabelnya memiliki presentase yang baik sebesar 79,3% untuk kepuasan pengguna, 66,8% untuk penggunaan, dan 86,2% untuk dampak individual.

Logam berat kadmium yang terdapat dalam air limbah sangat berbahaya bagi makhluk hidup sehingga ion logam kadmium tersebut perlu dihilangkan dari lingkungan. Penghilangan ion logam kadmium dengan metode adsorpsi menggunakan biosorben kulit asam jawa telah dilakukan dalam penelitian ini. Pengaktifan biosorben dilakukan dengan menggunakan dua aktivator sekaligus yaitu asam sitrat dan asam tartarat. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk menentukan kondisi yang terbaik dalam proses pengaktifan biosorben dan proses penyerapan ion logam kadmium (II) dan untuk mengetahui pengaruh waktu kontak, rasio campuran asam sitrat dan asam tartarat dan konsentrasi awal ion logam kadmium (II) terhadap kapasitas penyerapan ion logam kadmium oleh biosorben. Untuk mengetahui kapasitas penyerapan kulit asam jawa yang telah diaktivasi terhadap ion logam berat dilakukan menggunakan peralatan atomic absorption spectrofotometer (AAS), untuk melihat gugus fungsi yang pada biosorben digunakan FTIR dan untuk melihat morfologi biosorben dilakukan dengan alat SEM. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa rasio campuran asam sitrat dan asam tartarat sebesar 3:1 menghasilkan biosorben terbaik untuk proses penyerapan ion logam Cd(II). Kapasitas penyerapan yang paling optimum diperoleh pada kondisi proses adsorpsi menggunakan konsentrasi awal ion logam Cd(II) 270 mg/L dan waktu kontak 110 menit dengan kapasitas penyerapannya 23,496 mg/g.

Artikel ini berbagi hasil evaluasi dari sebuah pendekatan inovatif yang coba diterapkan di jurusan bahasa Inggris FKIP Unilak, dimana persepsi pengguna blog yakni mahasiswa di dua semester yang berbeda akan menjadi titik fokus dalam penelitian ini. Blog merupakan homepage interaktif yang mudah untuk dikelola memungkinkan siswa untuk terlibat dalam kegiatan online, sehingga memperluas kegiatan pembelajaran bahasa mereka melebihi jika belajar didalam kelas. Blogging bisa juga mendorong proses pembelajaran yang lebih otonom. Temuan dari survei sikap dan persepsi yang dilakukan selama dua semester dengan sebelas kelas dengan jumlah mahasiswa sebanyak 168 akan tetapi dalam masa pengumpulan data dari angket online terdapat 145 mahasiswa yang mengisi angket yang terdiri dari 127 mahasiswa jurusan bahasa Inggris serta 18 mahasiswa dari group ekskul Blogger yang terdiri dari jurusan yang berbeda-beda. Dari hasil analisis data menunjukkan bahwa mereka memiliki persepsi yang positif dan mendukung penggunaan blog sebagai media atau strategi pembelajaran peningkatan kemampuan bahasa Inggris di dalam kelas mereka

Wastewater pollution will continue to grow as the population and community activities continue to increase. Various techniques have been applied for domestic waste treatment, but generally these processes require relatively high operation and maintenance costs. Down Flow Hanging Sponge (DHS) has been proposed as a solution to the problem of handling domestic waste for developing countries. DHS bioreactor is a biological waste treatment that does not require an aerator and is easy to operate. This study aims to evaluate DHS bioreactors that can be applied in Indonesia. DHS bioreactor is operated with 4 hours hydraulic retention time (HRT). The results showed that DHS bioreactor is able to reduce up to 34% Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) total, 33% soluble Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), 80% Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD) total, and 65% Ammonia.ABSTRAK Pencemaran air limbah akan terus bertambah dengan meningkatnya jumlah penduduk dan aktifitas masyarakat. Berbagai proses telah diaplikasikan untuk pengolahan limbah domestik, tetapi umumnya proses-proses tersebut membutuhkan biaya operasi dan perawatan yang relatif mahal. Downflow Hanging Sponge (DHS) telah diusulkan sebagai pemecahan persoalan penanganan limbah domestik untuk negara-negara berkembang. DHS bioreaktor adalah pengolahan limbah secara biologis yang tidak membutuhkan aerator dan mudah dalam pengoperasian. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi bioreaktor DHS sehingga dapat diterapkan di Indonesia. Bioreakor DHS dioperasikan dengan hydraulic retention time (HRT) 4 jam. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan DHS bioreaktor mampu mengurangi hingga 34% Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) total, 33% soluble Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), 80% Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD) total, dan 65% ammonia.