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BACKGROUND: Nigella sativa has been known for its neuroprotective properties, while propofol is an anesthetic induction drug that has been widely used in the treatment of traumatic brain injury (TBI). To determine the effectiveness of both active ingredients, it is necessary to compare their neuroprotective effects. This study was performed since not many studies have compared the effect of propofol and Nigella sativa seeds ethanol extract (NSSEE) or their combination on histopathological features in TBI cases. METHODS: Thirty male rat models were divided into 5 groups. Four groups received TBI induction with the methods of Feeney’s weight drop model, while another group (control group) did not receive TBI induction. Groups with TBI induction, later received no treatment, treatment with 500 mg/kg NSSEE orally, 10 mg/kg propofol intravenously, or a combination of NSSEE and propofol. After 8 days, rats were euthanized by cervical dislocation. Subsequently, a craniotomy was performed to obtain brain samples. The brain sample was placed in 10% neutral buffered formalin for histopathological examination, which includes brain hemorrhage, congestion, inflammatory cells, necrosis, apoptosis, and degeneration. RESULTS: The present study found that NSSEE showed greater efficacy in histopathological features (brain hemorrhage, congestion, inflammatory cells, necrosis, apoptosis, and degeneration) in rat models with TBI compared to propofol or a combination of propofol and NSSEE. CONCLUSION: NSSEE has superior potential compared to propofol and the combination of both in providing neuroprotection in TBI cases. KEYWORDS: traumatic brain injury, propofol, Nigella sativa seeds ethanol extract, histopathology, neuroprotective

The efficacy of Chromolaena odorata leaf flour components (CO) to increase the growth performance, non-specific immune activity, and resistance against Vibrio parahaemolyticus of whiteleg shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) culture was evaluated. To this purpose, whiteleg shrimp post larvae were fed on diets supplemented with 0 and a 1.5 g CO/kg diet for 45 days in a pond. After feeding trials, the shrimps were identified for their growth parameters, collected, and injected with V. parahaemolyticus, then their non-specific immune activity and resistance to V. parahaemolyticus was observed for 14 days. Findings showed that CO increased the average body weight (7.71 g, 37%), weight gain (7.69 g, 40%), and specific growth rate (13.23%/day, 5.7%) as compared to the control. In addition, CO supplementation also increases shrimp’s hematologic and immune activity (total hemocyte counts [6.8 × 107 CFU/mL, 242.9%], differential hemocyte counts [27%, 142.1%], and prophenoloxidase activity [0.085%, 566.7%]). Finally, shrimp resistance to V. parahaemolyticus infection also increased after CO supplementation, with survival rates of 73.33% as compared to 23.33% for the control. It suggests that C. odorata leaf flour component supplementation at an optimal dose in the diet may be an effective strategy to increase growth and resistance to bacterial disease with reduced mortality in shrimp farms.

This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of the Destination Management Organization (DMO) program on tourism development in Samosir Regency. The research employed a causal design, analyzing the relationship between the DMO program and tourism development as the dependent variable. The study’s population included government officials involved in the tourism sector, stakeholders, participants in the DMO program, and tourists. Data analysis was conducted using descriptive methods and the impact analysis approach, complemented by regression analysis performed with SPSS. The findings revealed that the DMO program positively and significantly influenced various aspects of tourism development. Specifically, it contributed to economic growth (21.20%), socio-cultural management (34.20%), environmental sustainability (16.30%), sustainable management (28.70%), and human resource (HR) development (40.40%). While most contributions were categorized as medium, HR development demonstrated a strong positive correlation. Stakeholders actively participated and collaborated in the planning, implementation, and decision-making processes of the DMO program. The program provided significant benefits, including improved stakeholder communication, enhanced service quality, and strengthened tourism promotion in Samosir Regency. Policymakers and stakeholders are encouraged to continue supporting the DMO program to maximize its potential. These findings offer valuable insights into the application of the DMO program, particularly in enhancing competitiveness through effective resource management. The program’s contributions span economic growth, socio-cultural enrichment, environmental sustainability, and HR development, underscoring its comprehensive impact on tourism development.

This study aimed to determine the effect of the relaxation breathing exercise (RBE) on fatigue and cortisol levels among Indonesian women with gynecological cancer undergoing chemotherapy.

The increasing demand for renewable energy resources, supercapacitors are becoming important devices due to their high specific energy and specific power performance. This research focuses on using Kepayang leaves as a basic material for supercapacitor carbon electrodes. This research involves making active carbon from Kepayang leaves through a carbonization process at temperatures of 500, 600, 700, and 800 oC for 1 hour with chemical activation using ZnCl2. The characteristics carried out include density analysis, Fourier Transform Infra-Red (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and Cyclic Voltammetry (CV). The density analysis results show that with every increase in temperature, the density decreases. Functional groups in the FTIR spectrum show that C bonds are formed, while XRD analysis shows an amorphous structure both before and after pyrolysis. The electrochemical properties of Kepayang leaf carbon show that the diffusion process is getting better as the carbonization temperature is higher. The highest specific capacitance obtained was based on the results of CV 91 F/g at a temperature of 700 oC.

This study explores the impact of price, digital marketing, and service quality on consumer Purchase Intention at Perumda Bidadari MSME Gallery. The population involved all visitors with a sample of 100 respondents selected through the non-probability sampling method, using accidental sampling. Data collection using questionnaires. This research applies a quantitative approach to evaluate the relationship between variables. The research instrument was tested with validity and reliability. Statistical analysis uses t-test, f-test, normality test, multicollinearity, and linearity test. Data analysis using multiple linear regression. The results showed that service quality has a positive and significant impact on Purchase Intention, while the effect of price and digital marketing strategy is not significant. With an R Square value of 0.814, it shows that about 81.4% of the variation in Purchase Intention can be explained by the combination of price, digital marketing, and service quality factors. Keywords: Price; Digital Marketing; Service Quality; Purchase Intention

Background Head injuries are considered as a silent epidemic due to the high incidence rate throughout the world. The main cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with head injury is cerebral edema which is defined as abnormal fluid accumulation in the brain parenchyma. Mannitol is a hyperosmolar solution given to reduce fluid volume in the brain. Increased high intracranial pressure can affect prognosis and can be evaluated by assessing clinical outcomes in patients with severe traumatic brain injury using the Glasgow Outcome Discharge Scale (GODS) instrument. Methods Observational analytical study with a cross sectional design on 50 patients with severe traumatic brain injury at dr. Zainoel Abidin General Hospital Banda Aceh to determine the effect of mannitol use on the clinical outcomes of severe traumatic brain injury patients which used t test analysis. Results The mean value of the group that received mannitol had a higher GODS score than the group that did not receive mannitol. The results of the T test between groups obtained a p value of 0.000 which is smaller than 0.05, so it can be concluded that the use of mannitol has an effect on the GODS score in Severe traumatic brain injury patients. The results showed that the mean GODS value in patients who received mannitol was higher than those who did not receive mannitol. Conclusion This concludes that the administration of mannitol is effective in improving the clinical outcomes of patients with severe traumatic brain injury at dr. Zainoel Abidin General Hospital Banda Aceh.

Background: The high rate of early marriage, teenage pregnancy, and teenage mothers increases the prevalence of emotional and mental disorders, depression, parenting stress, and child stunting. Parenting coaching is among the effective ways to overcome parenting stress and improve parents’ knowledge, skills, and behaviors, thereby avoiding child stunting. However, studies on parenting coaching are not widely conducted, particularly in Indonesia. Objective: This study aimed to present the current status of parenting stress among teenage mothers and assess whether parenting coaching effectively reduces parenting stress among teenage mothers. Methods: A quasi-experimental design was used. The participants were randomly selected into two groups: the intervention group receiving parenting coaching intervention and the control group receiving standard education using a leaflet. Data were collected in June 2021 in Takalar Regency, South Sulawesi, Indonesia. Statistical Program for Social Science version 21 (Armonk, NY, USA) was employed for all statistical analyses. Results: The parenting coaching intervention had a significant effect on parenting stress (p

This research aims to determine the results of developing web programming learning media using Laravel based on the project-based learning model in the Department of Informatics Engineering and Computer Science at UNM that meet the criteria of validity, practicality, and effectiveness. This research used the research and development (R&D) method by applying the ADDIE development model. Data were collected through interviews, questionnaires, tests, and documentation. Two groups of subjects involved in this study were validators, consisting of two expert lecturers, and students of the Department of Informatics Engineering and Computer Science at UNM who took the Web Programming course in 2021, totaling 34 people. Data analysis was performed using descriptive quantitative analysis methods as well as pretest and posttest analysis using prerequisite tests and non-parametric Wilcoxon tests with the assistance of SPSS software version 25. The results of the study show that web programming learning media using Laravel based on the project-based learning model has met the criteria as valid, practical, and effective learning resources. The developed learning media received positive validation from media/system experts with a feasibility rate of 100%. Students' response to this learning media was also positive, with a practicality rate of 84.5%. In addition, the use of this learning media significantly improved students' learning outcomes, as evidenced by an average increase in post-test scores of 67.80%.

BackgroundDiabetic foot ulcers (DFUs) present a formidable challenge to both patients and health care systems. DFUs significantly reduce the quality of life for patients, prolong hospital stays, and are the cause of approximately 70,000 lower limb amputations across the globe annually. Prevention of DFUs primarily involves the optimization of blood sugar levels and the effective management of complications, particularly peripheral neuropathy. Golden Rice has been proven to lower blood sugar levels due to its beta-carotene content, and Piper crocatum (P. crocatum) has been found to be effective in reducing the risk factors of DFUs through biomolecular regulation because of its polyphenol content. ObjectiveThe principal objective of this study is to identify the efficacy of P. crocatum–enriched cookies, with Golden Rice as their primary ingredient, in preventing DFUs. The evaluation will center on their impact on the expression of matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9), a pivotal factor in the development of DFUs. MethodsThis study is an experimental clinical research that follows the randomized controlled trial method and uses a single-blind design. The participants in the study are outpatients from primary health centers in Makassar, Indonesia, who have been diagnosed with diabetes mellitus. The sample for the study will be randomly selected and subsequently categorized into 2 groups: the intervention group and the control group. The intervention group consumes P. crocatum–enriched Golden Rice cookies, while the control group receives cookies without these additives. The participants from both groups will consume their respective cookies (packaged identically) twice a day for 14 days. The cookies will be prepared according to a modified recipe with an emphasis on low glucose content, resulting in 51 calories per cookie, comprising 1% carbohydrates, 6% fat, 4% cholesterol, and 4% fiber, excluding gluten, sugar, and salt. They will be baked at 158°C for 20 minutes. The process involves the addition of 20% Golden Rice and 10% P. crocatum ethanol extract, both prepared via maceration with 96% ethanol. The dependent variable in this study is the expression of gelatinases matrix metalloproteinase, to be assessed at 2 distinct time points—preintervention (pretest) and postintervention (posttest)—with the evaluation conducted through the western blotting method. ResultsThe recruitment and testing phase started in January 2024. The study is scheduled to be completed by the end of March 2024. Data analysis will commence in April 2024, and the publication of the results is anticipated in the same year (2024). The study will report on the changes in primary data, encompassing gelatinases matrix metalloproteinase, as well as secondary data, including the ankle-brachial index, neuropathy score, and random blood glucose level. ConclusionsThe findings of this trial are expected to significantly impact the selection of strategies by health care practitioners to enhance diabetes self-management, particularly in the domain of therapeutic snacking, for patients diagnosed with diabetes mellitus. Trial RegistrationThai Clinical Trials Registry TCTR20230502001; https://www.thaiclinicaltrials.org/show/TCTR20230502001 International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)PRR1-10.2196/49940

This article analyses the effect of Belief, Spirituality, and Interpersonal Communication on organizational citizenship behaviour (OCB). The research was conducted on seventy-two certified lecturers using path analysis. The results of the study show that there are direct and indirect effects of; 1) trust on the organizational citizenship behaviour of certified lecturers, 2) spirituality on the organizational citizenship behaviour of certified lecturers, 3) interpersonal communication on the organizational citizenship behaviour of certified lecturers; 4) belief in spirituality; 5) trust in interpersonal communication; 6) trust in organizational citizenship behaviour of certified lecturers through spirituality; 7) trust in organizational citizenship behaviour of certified lecturers through interpersonal communication. The results of this study confirm that high levels of trust, spirituality, and interpersonal communication influence any change in the organizational citizenship behaviour of certified lecturers. Therefore, these three variables must be considered in creating and improving the organizational citizenship behaviour of certified lecturers.

There were several student problems that the writer found at SMAN 2 Tilatang Kamang. First, Some students agree on using humor in the classroom, but some students disagree on using humor in the classroom. Second, Some students said that using humor in teaching English is necessary to make the atmosphere pleasant. Using humor in teaching helped them to understand the material quickly and made them enjoy the learning. Last, Some students said that the use of humor in learning English is good as long as they don't laugh too much in class because it will take up a lot of time in the learning process and cause the learning process to be not optimal. So, some students do not understand the material. This research aims to determine students' perceptions of using humor in teaching English classes. The researcher wants to determine whether students' perceptions are positive or negative. The instrument of this research used a quantitative approach with a descriptive form. The population was the Eleventh Grade at SMAN 2 Tilatang Kamang in 2020/2021, with 75 students. The researcher used the total sampling technique because the population was less than 100 students. The result of this research was taken by taking the average score of 6 types of humor in learning English, namely learning Caricature Humor (78,07%), Short Stories/Anecdotes Humor (78,53%), Special Humor (74,13%), and Unplanned Humor, Performance, Pantomime, and Gestures (73,12%). It was found that male and female students have positive perceptions of humor in teaching English. Female students had slightly better perceptions than male students (75,74%>73,81%). Thus, the result of the research showed that students supported the use of humor in teaching English class.

Abstract. Concrete material made from natural waste was developed to balance the use of concrete materials resulting from natural exploration with an impact on environmental damage, rice husk is a waste material from rice mills and contains reactive silica and has the benefit of reducing energy consumption in cement production. Laboratory test method in the form of testing the compressive characteristics used standard cube concrete 150 mm x 150 mm x 150 mm with a total sample of 24 samples. The effect of concrete strength on the amount of cement replacement is 0%; 5%; 10% ; and 15% which could be compared with concrete without using husk ash. The compressive strength obtained in terms of the age of the concrete is 28 days. The mechanical properties of husk ash at the age of 28 days gave optimal compressive strength results with the addition of 5% husk ash.

Kesesuaian lahan adalah tingkat kesesuaian sebidang lahan untuk penggunaan tertentu, dalam hal ini untuk tanaman padi yang menjadi kebutuhan pokok masyarakat. Produksi padi yang optimal harus didukung oleh sumber daya lahan yang sesuai. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi tingkat kesesuaian lahan tanaman padi secara actual agar dapat diadakan perbaikan sesuai kesesuaian lahan potensial. Penelitian dilakukan di Kabupaten Aceh Singkil dengan pengambilan sample tanah meliputi 5 (lima) kecamatan dengan luas lahan sawah baku terluas yakni: Danau Paris, Simpang Kanan, Suro Makmur, Kuta Baharu, dan Gunung Meriah. Pengujian sample tanah dilakukan di laboratorium dan data yang diperoleh dianalisis dengan metode Matching dengan membandingkan karakteristik lahan pada Satuan Penggunaan Lahan (SPL). Selanjutnya hasil kajian divisualisasikan dengan mengaplikasikan Sistem Informasi Geografis (GIS). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa lahan actual berada pada Kelas Sesuai Marginal/S3 sedangkan lahan potensial berada pada Kelas Cukup Sesuai/S2. Kecamatan Gunung Meriah memiliki kelas kesesuaian lahan aktual S3 dan pembatasnya nr (retensi hara), na (hara tersedia), eh (bahaya erosi) dan kelas kesesuaian lahan potensial S3 dan pembatasnya eh (lereng). Kecamatan Simpang Kanan memiliki kelas kesesuaian lahan aktual S3 dan pembatasnya nr (retensi hara), na (hara tersedia), fh (bahaya banjir/genangan) dan kelas kesesuaian lahan potensial S2 dan pembatasnya rc (media perakaran), nr (retensi hara), na (hara tersedia), fh (bahaya banjir/genangan). Kecamatan Suro Makmur memiliki kelas kesesuaian lahan aktual S3 dan pembatasnya nr (retensi hara), na (hara tersedia) dan kelas kesesuaian lahan potensial S2 dan pembatasnya nr (retensi hara), na (hara tersedia). Kecamatan Danau Paris memiliki kelas kesesuaian lahan aktual S3 dan pembatasnya nr (retensi hara), na (hara tersedia) dan kelas kesesuaian lahan potensial S2 dan pembatasnya rc (media perakaran), nr (retensi hara), na (hara tersedia). Kecamatan Kuta Baharu kelas kesesuaian lahan aktual S3 dan pembatasnya na (hara tersedia), fh (bahaya banjir/genangan) dan kelas kesesuaian lahan potensial S2 dan pembatasnya na (hara tersedia), fh (bahaya banjir/genangan).

The success of an educational institution is largely determined by its leaders. Leadership is a very crucial aspect, perhaps even the most important in an organization. To face the very complex challenges of future education, transformative educational leaders are needed. Muhammadiyah has crossed the ages with the development of its charitable educational endeavors. All of this cannot be separated from the transformative educational leadership of Ahmad Dahlan, the Muhamadiyah founder. This research will explore the characteristics of transformative leadership and its relevance to the development of Muhammadiyah education. By using the literature research method (library research) it was found that Ahmad Dahlan has all the characteristics of a transformative educational leader. Such as a) Having charisma; b) Always present intellectual stimulation; c) Having attention and concern for each individual follower; d) Motivation that inspires followers; e) Trying to increase the capacity of its followers; f) Give more examples than talk a lot. The relevance is in the inheritance of the three main values of Ahmad Dahlan’s leadership: sincerity and exemplary; continuous progress and innovation; and lifelong education in Muhammadiyah educational institutions ranging from primary, secondary and tertiary levels.

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pola asuh orang tua dalam menanamkan nilai moral agama Islam pada anak studi keluarga buruh tani di desa padangguni kecamatan padangguni. Penelitian ini menggunakan penelitian kualitatif dengan pendekatan deskriptif. Data yang dikumpulkan dengan menggunakan teknik observasi, wawancara dan dokumentasi. Analisis data dilakukan dengan reduksi data, penyajian data dan penarikan kesimpulan. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa 1) Cara komunikasi yang diterapkan oleh keluarga buruh tani kepada anak untuk meciptakan keakraban dengan meluangkan waktu untuk anak, mendengarkan cerita anak dan berusaha menjadi teman cerita yang menyenangkan. 2) Cara pengawasan yang dilakukan keluarga buruh tani yaitu pengawasan dalam rumah dan pengawasan di sekolah. 3) Dalam menanamkan nilai moral agama islam orang tua buruh tani menggunakan tiga metode yaitu metode teladan, metode memberitahu dan metode larangan.

Introduction: Diabetic Foot Ulcer (DFU) is a complication often experienced by patients with Diabetes Mellitus (DM). Evidence-based prevention and treatment in DM patients who are at risk of DFU can reduce the global economic burden. Nurses' knowledge plays an important role in screening, prevention, and proper treatment of DFU. This review identifies evidence of nurses' knowledge about the prevention and treatment of DFU and identify factors related to nurses' knowledge. Method: The study applied an integrative review design. The relevant literature were searched from PubMed, CINAHL (EBSCO), Wiley Online Library, ScienceDirect, and ProQuest. The inclusion criteria was articles published in English, peer-reviewed articles, and journals between January 2016 and May 2021, by using keywords; “nurs*”, “diabetic foot*” “knowledge”, "awareness" and "perception". Result: There are 10 articles met the inclusion criteria and eligible to review. Nurses have low knowledge about diabetic foot care and also have limited knowledge about the characteristics and complications of DFU. Factors related to nurses' knowledge about DFU prevention and treatment; training, educational qualifications, work experience, educational institutions, and age. Conclusion: This review revealed that nurses experienced a significant knowledge deficit in several aspects regarding the prevention and treatment of DFU. So that new effective education and training must be developed to address the knowledge gap, one of which is the online training method utilizing telenursing-based electronic learning (e-learning).

Abstrak. Luas Sub DAS Krueng Jreue 23.218,06 Ha dan Sub DAS Krueng Khee 9.599,66 Ha. Berdasarkan hasil kajian bahwa luas vegetasi tutupan lahan semakin berkurang setiap tahunnya dimana ditandai dengan tingginya nilai fluktuasi debit sehingga mengakibatkan banjir pada musim hujan dan kekeringan pada musim kemarau. Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk mengetahui nilai ambang batas kekeringan hidrologi di Sub DAS Krueng Jreue dan Sub DAS Krueng Khee dan indeks kekeringan hidrologi di Sub DAS Krueng Jreue dan Sub DAS Krueng Khee. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode ranking Weibull dimana ditentukan nilai ambang batas Q50 dan Q80, dihitung defisit dan durasi dan kemudian ditentukan nilai indeks kekeringan hidrologi. Nilai ambang batas Sub DAS Krueng Jreue adalah 0,067 m3/s dan Sub DAS Krueng Khee 0,181 m3/s. Defisit Sub DAS Krueng Jreue tahun 2014 adalah tertinggi dengan angka 0,401 m3/s dengan durasi kering tujuh bulan dan Sub DAS Krueng Khee tahun 2012 adalah tertinggi dengan angka -0,715 m3/s dengan durasi kering enam bulan. Indeks kekeringan hidrologi di Sub DAS Krueng Jreue tahun 2015 adalah tertinggi dengan nilai 0,0629 m3/s dan indeks kekeringan hidrologi di sub DAS Krueng Khee tahun 2011 adalah tertinggi dengan nilai 0,3282 m3/s. An Analysis of The Krueng Aceh’s Hydrological Drought Index (A Case Study of The Sub Watershed Krueng Jreue and Krueng Khee) Abstract. The area of the Krueng Jreue Sub-watershed is 23,218.06 Ha and the Krueng Khee Sub-watershed is 9,599.66 Ha. Based on the results of the study that the area of land cover vegetation decreases every year which is indicated by the high value of discharge fluctuations, resulting in flooding in the rainy season and drought in the dry season. The purpose of this study was to determine the threshold value for hydrological drought in the Krueng Jreue Sub-watershed and Krueng Khee Sub-watersheds and the hydrological drought index in the Krueng Jreue Sub-watershed and Krueng Khee Sub-watersheds. This study uses the Weibull ranking method where the threshold values for Q50 and Q80 are determined, the deficit and duration are calculated and then the hydrological drought index value is determined. The threshold value for the Krueng Jreue Sub-watershed is 0.067 m3/s and the Krueng Khee Sub-watershed is 0.181 m3/s. The Krueng Jreue Sub-watershed deficit in 2014 was the highest at 0.401 m3/s with a dry duration of seven months and the Krueng Khee Sub-watershed in 2012 was the highest at -0.715 m3/s with a dry duration of six months. The hydrological drought index in the Krueng Jreue Sub-watershed in 2015 was the highest with a value of 0.0629 m3/s and the hydrological drought index in the Krueng Khee Sub-watershed in 2011 was the highest with a value of 0.3282 m3/s.

Abstrak. Dampak perubahan alih fungsi lahan merupakan kejadian di alam yang perlu dipahami untuk menentukan tindakan yang perlu dilakukan di waktu yang akan datang. Strategi pengelolaan DAS masih membutuhkan suatu inovasi pendekatan hidrologi dan lahan untuk memperbaiki situasi DAS. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi kinerja Sub DAS Krueng Jreu Berdasarkan Permenhut P.61 tahun 2014 tahun tentang Monitoring dan Evaluasi Pengelolaan Daerah Aliran Sungai yang mencakup karakteristik Lahan dan karakteristik hidrologi. Hasil penelitian menunjukan persentase lahan kritis yaitu 2,37% (0,023723 ha), Persentase persentase penutupan vegetasi yaitu 78,61% (18250,64) ha, Indeks Erosi sebesar 0,60, Koefisisien Rejim Aliran (KRA) sebesar 26,62 Koefisien Aliran Tahunan (KAT) didapatkan hasil sebesar 0,056, Muatan Sedimen didapatkan hasil 5,02 ton/ha/tahun, frekuensi banjir adalah 1 kali dalam kurun waktu lima tahun, Indeks Penggunaan Air sebesar 22917,30 m3/thn termasuk dalam kelas sangat baik (0,5). Berdasarkan hasil skoring 8 Sub kriteria evaluasi kinerja Sub DAS Krueng Jreu yang meliputi Penggunaan Lahan dan Tata Air maka didapatkan hasil akhir senilai 37,75 dengan katagori sangat baik yang berarti kondisi DAS dalam keadaan sangat baik jika di lihat dari penggunaan lahan dan tata air. Performance Evaluation of Krueng Jreu Sub-watershed, Aceh Besar District Abstract. The impact of changes and land-use changes caused is an event in nature that needs to be understood to determine the actions that need to be taken in the future. The watershed management strategy still requires innovation to improve the watershed situation. This study aims to determine the performance of the Krueng Jreu sub-watershed based on the Regulation of the Minister of Forestry P.61 of 2014 concerning Monitoring and Evaluation of Watersheds which includes hydrological characteristics and characteristics. The results showed that critical land was 2.37% (0.023723 ha), the percentage of vegetation cover percentage was 78.61% (18250.64) ha, the Erosion Index was 0.60, the Flow Regime Coefficient (KRA) was 26.62 The Annual Flow Coefficient (KAT) yields 0.056, Sediment Load yields 5.02 tons/ha/year, the frequency of flooding is 1 time within five years, the Water Use Index is 22917.30 m3/yr included in the very good class. (0.5). Based on the scoring of 8 Sub Criteria for evaluating the performance of the Krueng Jreu Watershed which includes Land Use and Water Management, the final result is 37.75 with a very good category which means the watershed condition is in very good condition when viewed from land use and water management.

This article describes the struggle of the Pesantren Annur Azzubaidi in building excellence in the era of disruption. The aspects studied are: developing the vision of the Pesantren, large-scale planning, strengthening the skills of students, and strengthening community relations. The deepening process is carried out through qualitative research with the narrative method, where the data is obtained through observation, interviews and document studies. Meanwhile, data analysis goes through the stages: data collection, data reduction, data display, and data verification. The results showed that: 1) the development of the vision of the Pesantren Annur Azzubaidi leads to the development of quality human resources in science; 2) large-scale planning embodied in short-term plans, medium-term plans, and long-term plans; 3) train students' skills in various fields such as agriculture, animal husbandry, arts, and entrepreneurship; 4) build partnerships and strengthen relationships with the community. This study recommends the need for further research on the resilience of the cottage tradition in the industrial era 4.0.

CONSTRUCTION OF FISH PROCESSING FACILITIES AND TRAINING OF GOOD MANUFACTURING PRACTICES IN THE SMOKED CATFISH PROCESSING INDUSTRY. This activity aims to increase the production capacity and skills of the workers, which impact the improving quality of smoked catfish products. The activities carried out include the reconstruction of fish processing facilities and training of Good Manufacturing Practices. Results showed that the fish processing facilities that were cleaner, more complete, and ergonomic had reduced weeding time from 8 hours/day to 7 hours/day with the same number of workers. The activities increased production capacity from 800-900 kg to 1-1.2 tons/production (30%). Training activities of Good Manufacturing Practices were also able to increase workers' skills in processing food to SNI 2725: 2013. The training activity was attended by 15 participants, mainly of the workers who implemented health protocols to prevent the transmission of the Covid-19 pandemic. In this activity, the workers were also given some smoked catfish processing equipment and instrumentation.

This research aimed at developing a learning media that can be used in the learning process at class V SDIT Syahiral Ilmi Bukittinggi. The media that developed was a matching game by using Adobe Flash CS6 to teaching vocabulary to young learners at the fifth grade Of SDIT Syahiral Ilmi Bukitinggi. This research was done because most students still encounter problems in learning English especially vocabulary mastery. Most of the students were difficult to memorize the new word, then the atmosphere of the classroom was not conducive and the students tend to be sleepy and bored in the classroom. Difficulties of students in understanding the material in learning English becomes a consideration for the researcher to develop the matching game as media to teach vocabulary to young learners. The research design was Research and Development (R D), by using ADDIE models that consist of: (1) analysis, (2) design, (3) development, (4) implementation, and (5) Evaluation. The researchers have limited this research because in the Covid-19 pandemic time, therefore this research was done until only the Implementation stage. The data collection was obtained by validation results from learning media experts. The result of two media experts showed the percentage score was 94% in the “valid” category, while from the teacher as material experts showed 84% which was “valid” criteria as well as from language experts obtained percentage to 86% include “valid” category. Based on the result of analyzing data the media of matching game was feasible to be used in teaching and learning English.

Abstrak. Perilaku air (hidrologi) sungai dalam suatu DAS dipengaruhi oleh penggunaan lahan sebagai akibat adanya aktivitas manusia. DAS Krueng Aceh merupakan salah satu DAS yang terdapat di Provinsi Aceh menjadi sumber air utama bagi penduduk Kota Banda Aceh dan Kabupaten Aceh Besar di Provinsi Aceh. Luasan tutupan lahan berupa hutan primer saat ini semakin berkurang luasannya. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis karakteristik hidrologi Sub DAS Krueng Jreu dan Krueng Khea di DAS Krueng Aceh dan pengaruhnya dengan perubahan tutupan lahan. Hasil pengolahan data diperoleh bahwa limpasan permukaan tertinggi pada Sub DAS Krueng Jreu terjadi sebesar 2.178,3 mm/bulan yaitu pada bulan Januari tahun 2015 dan limpasan terendah terjadi pada bulan Maret tahun 2014 yaitu sebesar 1 mm/bulan. Sedangkan pada Sub DAS Krueng Khea limpasan permukaan terbesar yaitu 204 mm/bulan yang terjadi pada bulan Juli tahun 2015 sedangkan limpasan terkecil sebesar 4,9 mm/bulan yang terjadi pada bulan Agustus tahun 2018. Tidak terjadi perubahan penutupan lahan yang signifikan pada kedua Sub DAS dari tahun 2014 sampai dengan 2018. Analysis of Hydrological Characteristics of the Krueng Aceh Watershed, Aceh Province (Case Study of the Krueng Jreu and Krueng Khea sub-watersheds) Abstract. The behavior of river water (hydrology) in a watershed is not only influenced by land use as a result of human activities. Krueng Aceh watershed is one of the watersheds in Aceh Province. The watershed is the main water source for residents of Banda Aceh City and Aceh Besar District in Aceh Province. The condition of land cover in the form of primary forest is currently decreasing in area. This study aims to analyze the hydrological characteristics of the Krueng Jreu and Krueng Khea watersheds in the Krueng Aceh watershed and their effect on land cover changes. From the results of data processing, it was found that the highest surface runoff in the Krueng Jreu watershed occurred at 2,178.3 mm/month in January 2015 and the lowest runoff occurred in March 2014 at 1 mm/month. While in the Krueng Khea Sub-watershed the largest surface runoff was 204 mm/month which occurred in July 2015 while the smallest runoff was 4.9 mm/month which occurred in August 2018. There was no significant change in land cover in the two sub-watersheds from 2014 to 2018.

Objective: This systematic review aimed to systematically identify the tongue strengthening exercise (TSE) effectiveness in increasing tongue strength in older people with dysphagia. Methods: This study was a systematic review following the PRISMA checklist guidelines and using inclusion and exclusion criteria. Article searching was conducted in Scopus, PubMed, ProQuest, EBSCO, Cochrane, Taylor and Francis, Clinical Key Nursing, and secondary searches. Article quality assessment was performed using the critical appraisal skills program (CASP) tool and the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) critical appraisal checklist for quasi-experimental studies. The risk of bias assessment was performed using the Cochrane risk of bias assessment tool. This systematic review protocol was registered from PROSPERO with registration number CRD42020219382. Results: We found 151 patients in five studies that were included for analysis. The results showed that TSE increases tongue strength in older people with dysphagia. The intervention duration was 8 weeks, with a frequency of three times a week of exercise. The most widely used instrument for measuring tongue strength is the Iowa oral performance instrument (IOPI). Conclusions and clinical relevance: This review showed that TSE is an intervention that can be given to older people that can be applied in nursing practice both in the community and clinical settings. The treatment is easy to perform, low-cost, and significantly effective in increasing tongue strength.

This article aims to investigate: (1) ideas and ideals of the establishment of PM Gontor; (2) Phases of the grounding of Gontor's PM ideas; 3) Proliferation of PM Gontor as the largest pesantren corporation in Indonesia; 4) Elements of Gontor's organizational culture. Data was collected through interviews, observations, and documentation studies. Data analysis was carried out through four stages, namely: domain analysis, taxonomic analysis, compound analysis, and analysis of cultural themes. The results showed: (1) The existence of PM Gontor started with Pesantren Tegalsari ideas about the responsibility of advancing the Islamic Ummah and seeking the pleasure of Allah SWT; (2) The earthing phases of PM Gontor's ideas stretched during the founding of Old Gontor, the planting of shared values in the New Gontor era, instilling shared values through tiered education (3) The Gontor PM Proliferation is an effort to spread Gontor energy throughout Indonesia; (4) The elements of organizational culture in PM Gontor include the ideas/ideals of Tegalsari, educational strategies, shared values in the five souls, and the application of the five-term as a producer of the PM Gontor artifacts. The implication of this research is to continuously improve educational institutions by revitalizing the main dimensions of organizational culture.

The study aimed to reveal how to integrate pluralism and multicultural education to prevent radicalism at Universitas Muhammadiyah Kupang. This qualitative research used purposive sampling technique to select the informants between students and lecturers. The data collections were analysed by using the Creswell method, such as data collection, organization, reading, memo, description, classification, interpretation, and visualization. The study showed that integrating pluralism and multicultural education was conducted through selecting content integration, using cooperative learning method, constructing knowledge, reducing prejudices, and evaluating the learning process. As a result, the outcome of the learning process shows that radicalism can be prevented through integrating pluralism and multicultural education into curriculum of sociology education.

Kijing (Pilsbryoconcha sp) is a type of freshwater mussel that has 2 shells (Bivalvia), and its existence as a good source of animal protein at a relatively cheap price. The water of the Paku River is one of the kijing producers located in the Kampar Kiri sub-district Kampar Riau Province. The types of solvents used in the extraction process consist of n-hexane (non-polar), ethyl acetate (semi-polar) and methanol (polar). The purpose of this study was to determine the most suitable type of solvent to extract bioactive compounds. The parameters were yield, identification of active compounds and antioxidant activity. The results showed the highest yield of kijing was found using methanol (1.29%). The active compounds of kijing were alkaloids, steroids, flavonoids and phenolic. The methanol extract had a moderate antioxidant activity with an IC value of 215,62 ppm.

The Indonesian school system curriculum was changed from KTSP to curriculum 2013 (K13) since the year 2013. This alteration of the curriculum dealt an impact by changing the allocated time for English classes. Within KTSP, Teachers taught English subject for four hours session per week, which means four times 45 minutes each week, whereas, within the K13, the allocated time for English subject is a two hours session per week which means two times 45 minutes which means there is a reduction in time for English subject. This study aims to determine how English teachers manage their time by conducting interviews, observations, and documentation analysis on 11th grade English teachers at MAN 1 Pasaman, Indonesia. Findings revealed seven strategies, namely following the school calendar, setting goals and working on achieving those goals, prioritizing the more important goal, making a daily schedule of classroom activities, making a to-do list, setting a time limit for the task in the classroom, and utilising transition time effectively. The findings are a novelty because few studies have identified the specific strategies that English teachers used to successfully adapt to the curriculum change. Thus, this study contributes to future educators preparing and anticipating possible curriculum changes that may drastically change teaching time.

This study aims to examine the tradition of volunteerism in Pondok Modern Gontor 7 Putera Southeast Sulawesi, which includes basic values developed in building the tradition of volunteerism and Pondok Modern Gontor 7 Putera efforts to encourage his citizens to produce the best performance. The research method used is a qualitative descriptive method. Data collection is done through interviews, observations, and documentation. Data were analyzed through the stages of reduction, display, and verification. Data validity is tested through member check, triangulation, extended observation, and increased perseverance. The results of this study indicate that voluntary behavior is an application of the values of the five souls which are sincerity, simplicity, independence, ukhuwah Islamiyah, freedom, which is the basis in carrying out self-service and self-giving attitude. In improving performance, leaders motivate implementing the concept of five souls as the main reference in carrying out their duties and responsibilities, including in the application of management functions.

Little is known on the characteristics of headaches associated with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Indonesia. The objective of this study was to describe the characteristics of headache in post-COVID-19 patients, and its impact on the patients’ quality of life (QoL), as well as to determine the associated determinants of the poor QoL. A cross-sectional study was conducted in Banda Aceh, Indonesia. The demographic characteristics, clinical symptoms of COVID-19, characteristics of headache, and the QoL were collected and assessed. Headache was diagnosed and characterized using the International Classification of Headache Disorders, version 3 (ICHD-3). QoL was assessed using a Short Form 36 Health Survey (SF-36) tool. A logistic regression model was used to investigate the associated determinants of poor QoL in post-COVID-19 patients. A total of 215 post-COVID-19 patients were included in the final analysis, and 21.4% (46/215) of them had a poor QoL due to headache following COVID-19. Those who were unemployed and who contracted COVID-19 less than three months prior to the study had higher odds of having poor QoL compared to those who were employed and who contracted COVID-19 more than three months prior to the study. Low QoL was also related to headache that occurred less than one month after recovering from COVID-19 (compared to that which occurred longer than one month after); had a high frequency; had a combination sensation of pulsating, pressing, fiery, and stabbing pain; had a high severity score; and had additional symptoms accompanying the headache. In conclusion, headache related to COVID-19 is associated with low QoL among post-COVID-19 patients. A guideline on prevention measures of headache on COVID-19 patients, therefore, needs to be established to avoid long-term consequences.

The design of this research was correlational research. This research aimed to find out the correlation between students’ internet activity frequency and their vocabulary size. In this research, the researcher found some problems, such as some students frequently used the internet. However, their vocabulary was still limited, and some students rarely used the internet and had much vocabulary. The researcher used quantitative research. The population in this research was 108 students that were the total of the students in the seventh semester in IAIN Bukittinggi. The researcher took 30% of the population as a sample of this research which was 33 students. The researcher collected the data used questioners and tests. Based on the finding, there was a significant correlation between students‘ internet activities frequency and their vocabulary size that used SPSS 20. First, It had sig values is smaller than alpha (0,000001 0,3440. Second, there was a positive correlation between both variables (+0.730). Third, the magnitude of the correlation was high, with a score between 0.71- 0.90. The result showed that there is a correlation between student’s internet activity frequency and their vocabulary size.

There were some students’ problems that the writer found at MAN 4 AGAM. First, some students could not develop their ideas when writing. Second, some students were confused about using tenses. Next, some students had limited vocabulary. The last, some students were wrong in diction. This research aimed to discover the students’ problems in writing personal letters and the causes of students’ problems in writing personal letters. In this research, the researcher used mix method by using descriptive design. The mixed-method was the combination of quantitative and qualitative research. The informants of this research were the students of the XI IS-1 class, which consisted of 19 students. The data were obtained through documentation and interview. This research found five aspects of students’ problems in writing a personal letter—the problems which percentage 18,2 % was content. The second was organization, with a percentage of 15,4 %. Next, the student's problem in grammar was 25,3 %. After that, the problem of vocabulary was 23,2 %. The last, mechanics’ problem was 17,7 %. Therefore, from the percentage, the most common of students’ problems was grammar. There were some causes why students got a problem in writing a personal letter. There was the psychological, linguistic, and cognitive problem. Thus, based on an interview with some students, the most cause of the problem was linguistic problems.

Pada tulisan ini dipaparkan rancang bangun peralatan untuk keperluan Praktikum Fisika Pengukur Percepatan Gravitasi dengan Gerak Harmonik Sederhana Metode Bandul. Metode bandul yaitu metode penghitungan percepatan gravitasi dengan menggunakan bandul seperti bola pejal dari besi yang terhubung dengan tali yang diikatkan pada tiang statip. Bandul ini diayunkan dengan sudut θ tertentu sehinggga terjadi Gerak Harmonik Sederhana. Panjang tali diukur dari ujung statip ke pusat massa bandul yaitu di tengah-tengah diameter bandul. Pengganti alat stopwatch secara manual adalah menggunakan timer mikrokontroler basic stamp, kemudian input data ( panjang tali dan banyak ayunan) melalui keypad dan pergerakan naik turun panjang tali bandul dilakukan oleh motor stepper serta hasil perhitungan percepatan gravitasi ditampilkan dalam Liquid Crystal Display (LCD). Untuk pengukuran panjang tali, waktu dan jumlah ayunan telah dilakukan secara otomatis pada mikrokontroler

Pengaturan kadar alkohol dalam sebuah larutan yang memiliki akurasi tinggi merupakan hal yang sangat penting agar larutan tersebut dapat digunakan sesuai dengan kadar yang diinginkan. Pengukuran menggunakan sensor adalah merupakan alternatif yang dapat digunakan dalam proses pengukuran kadar alkohol dalam sebuah larutan baik itu di dalam laboratorium kimia ataupun pengguna lainnya. Salah satu sensor yang dapat digunakan dalam mengukur kadar alkohol dalam larutan yaitu menggunakan sensor TGS 2620. Pada tulisan ini dipaparkan hasil penelitian tentang rancang bangun sebuah pengatur kadar alkohol dalam larutan. Rancangan dan implementasi alat ini selain menggunakan sensor TGS 2620, juga mikrokontroler, pengubah analog ke digital, dan tampilan LCD. Sedangkan aktuator yang digunakan adalah motor DC gear. Bahasa pemrograman yang dipilih dalam rancangan perangkat lunak sistem ini adalah bahasa assembly untuk mikrokontroler. Dari hasil pengujian, sistem yang dirancang sudah dapat mengatur secara otomatis kadar alkohol dalam larutan sesuai setting persentase yang dikehendaki. Alat yang dibangun dapat mengatur kadar alkohol dalam sebuah larutan, dengan nilai kadar alkohol 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 90% dan 95% secara otomatis.

The Prevalence of obesity among children in the urban areas is increasing due to less physical activity, high consumption of fast-food, and more time spent on using the gadget. This study aimed to identify physical activity among obese and non-obese children. This descriptive study involved 322 obese and non-obese students from 4th to 6th grade in an elementary school in Makassar. Physical Activity Questionnaire for Older Children (PAQ-C) was used to measure children’s physical activity, while the anthropometrical parameter was measured using a standardized instrument. Children’s body mass index for age z-score (BAZ) was used to classify their nutritional status based on the criteria of Growth Reference for Children from 5 to 19 years old from World Health Organization. Cross-tabulation was used in analyzing the data. Obese and non-obese children in this study were found 53 (16,0%) and 279 (84,0%), respectively. A hundred percent of obese children have low physical activity, while non-obese children have better physical activity. In conclusion, elementary school students in this study have low physical activity, particularly among obese children. Children are rarely spent on their time to do physical activity. There is a need to promote appropriate physical activity among children to prevent and treat obesity among children. Health professionals could provide health education and counseling to children, family and/or schools to manage physical activity among children.

The nurse is a professional who has the ability, responsibility, and authority incarrying out nursing services/care at various levels of nursing services whose lives are fully influenced by the quality of work life (QWL) as a consequence of a dynamic change in the work environment. Therefore in order to increase the capacity of nurses in meeting the quality of health services, it is necessary to research the Quality of Work Life. The purpose of the literature study was to identify the nurses’ quality of work life in supporting the improvement of the quality of health services. The database used in the making of this literature review is Pubmed, Science Diret, and Google Scholar published in 2012-2018. There are 6 articles that meet the criteria with the results showing that the fulfillment of QWL nurses can affect organizational commitment, job satisfaction, and turnover. Fulfillment of nurses’ QWL is important to do, where if the nurses’ QWL is fulfilled, it provides many benefits to the nurse and has a direct impact on the health services provided so that organizational attention is needed because QWL is seen as capable of increasing the participation of workers in the organization. The increase in QWL in the hospital can improve the professionalism of nurses and influence the effectiveness and organization productivity.

Abstract : This study discusses the discourse of sexual violence that occurs among women in online media coverage. Good media can display balanced information. Various reports related to sexual harassment often experienced by women can be represented in a discourse differently. At present the exploitation of women is carried out through more intellectual and neatly packaged methods, one of which is through discourse revealed in the mass media. Women in the media are positioned visually prominent , but also marginalized in meaning. If this continues, it will reinforce the existence of gender differences between women and men which has implications for the potential for increasing gender oppression with women as victims. The problem discussed in this study is a critical discourse analysis using the theory of Sara Mils. The discussion of Sara Mills around discourse theory makes the discourse of feminism a vortex of study. In addition, it also addresses women's issues such as how women are displayed in text, images, photos and in the news. The focus of this study is to examine 1) how the text experiences bias in representing women in the text, 2) how the marginalization of women is formed in weakening women's position. Abstrak: Penelitian ini membahas tentang wacana kekerasan seksual yang terjadi di kalangan perempuan dalam pemberitaan media online. Media yang baik dapat menampilkan informasi yang berimbang. Berbagai pemberitaan terkait pelecehan seksual sering dialami perempuan dapat direpresentasikan ke dalam sebuah wacana secara berbeda-beda. Saat ini eksploitasi terhadap perempuan dilakukan melalui cara-cara yang lebih intelektual dan dikemas secara apik, salah satunya melalui wacana yang diungkap dalam media massa. Perempuan dalam media diposisikan yang menonjol secara visual, tetapi juga terpinggirkan dalam makna. Hal tersebut jika terus dibiarkan, akan mempertegas adanya perbedaan gender antara perempuan dengan laki-laki yang berimplikasi pada potensi meningkatnya penindasan gender dengan perempuan sebagai korbannya. Permasalahan yang dibahas dalam penelitian ini adalah analisis wacana kritis menggunakan teori Sara Mills. Pembahasan Sara Mills seputar teori wacana menjadikan wacana feminisme sebagai pusaran kajiannya. Selain itu juga membahas isu-isu perempuan seperti bagaimana perempuan ditampilkan dalam teks, gambar, foto serta dalam berita. Fokus penelitian ini yaitu mengkaji 1) bagaimana teks mengalami bias dalam merepresantasikan perempuan dalam teks, 2) bagaimana marginalisasi perempuan terbentuk dalam pelemahan posisi perempuan.

The high prevalence rate in diabetes, causing diabetes is considered a health problem worldwide. Various studies related to interventions that can be done for diabetes sufferers have been widely carried out, including in terms of knowledge and education with the Health Belief Model (HBM) approach. The method used with the help of electronic data bases from journals that have been published through Pubmed, Wiley Online, Science Direct, Proquest, and Google Scholar. Results: 4 studies were included in the review, to assess the results of educational interventions in diabetics with the use of HBM. Conclusions and implications: It is known that the application of nursing education using the Health Belief Model concept framework has an effect on the self-management of diabetics so that it is expected to change patient compliance.

الملخص: أهداف البحث: لتقييم علاقة الإنزيم المحول للأنجيوتنسين المتعدد الأشكال الجينية مع ارتفاع ضغط الدم، وحجم الورم الدموي داخل المخ، ومستوى الوعي، ونتيجة المرض بين المرضى المصابين بنزف داخل المخ. طرق البحث: أجريت دراسة مقطعية عرضية في مستشفى زين العابدين العام خلال الفترة من مايو ٢٠١٦ إلى يونيو ٢٠١٧. استخدم تفاعل البلمرة المتسلسل للحصول على التركيب الوراثي للإنزيم المحول للأنجيوتنسين المتعدد الأشكال الجينية. كما تم تقييم حجم الورم الدموي داخل المخ باستخدام صيغة تقدير الحجم. وتم تقييم مستوى الوعي بواسطة مقياس جلاسجو للغيبوبة. وتقييم نتيجة المرض باستخدام مقياس جلاسجو للنتائج. وتحليل اختبار العلاقة للتركيب الوراثي مع حالة ارتفاع ضغط الدم، وحجم الورم الدموي داخل المخ، ومقياس جلاسجو للغيبوبة، ومقياس جلاسجو للنتائج للحالات المصابة بنزف داخل المخ باستخدام الانحدار اللوجستي المتعدد. النتائج: تضمنت الدراسة ما مجموعه ٧٥ مريضا بنزف داخل المخ. من هؤلاء، ٥٩ مريضا مصابا بارتفاع ضغط الدم، و٢٤ مريضا لديه حجم الورم الدموي داخل المخ ≥ ٦٠ سنتيمترا مكعبا، و١٦ مريضا لديه مقياس جلاسجو للغيبوبة ≤ ٨، و٧٢ مريضا لديه مقياس جلاسجو للنتائج ١-٣. أظهرت نتائجنا أن الجين للإنزيم المحول للأنجيوتنسين المتعدد الأشكال الجينية كان مرتبطا بشكل كبير بازدياد ارتفاع ضغط الدم ب ٣.٦ مرة، ولكن ليس مع حجم الورم الدموي داخل المخ، ومستوى الوعي، ونتيجة المرض بين المرضى المصابين بنزف داخل المخ. الاستنتاجات: الجين للإنزيم المحول للأنجيوتنسين المتعدد الأشكال الجينية يرتبط بارتفاع ضغط الدم عند المرضى المصابين بنزف داخل المخ. Abstract: Objectives: To evaluate the correlation of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) G2350A gene polymorphisms with hypertension, brain hematoma volume (BHV), level of consciousness, and disease outcome among intracerebral haemorrhage (ICH) patients. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in Zainoel Abidin General Hospital from May 2016 to June 2017. Polymerase chain reaction was used to genotype ACE G2350A gene polymorphisms. BHV was assessed using the ABC/2 volume estimation formula. Level of consciousness was assessed by Glasgow coma scale (GCS). Disease outcome was assessed using Glasgow outcome scale (GOS). Association tests for ACE G2350A genotype in the context of hypertension status, BHV, GCS score, and GOS score in subjects with ICH was analysed by multiple logistic regression. Results: A total of 75 ICH patients were included in the study. Of those, 59 patients exhibited hypertension, 24 patients had BHV ≥60 cm3, 16 patients possessed GCS scores ≤8, and 72 patients had GOS scores of 1–3. Our analysis determined that the A allele of the ACE G2350A gene polymorphism was significantly associated with a 3.6-fold increase in hypertension; however, this polymorphism was not associated with BHV, level of consciousness, and disease outcome among ICH patients. Conclusion: The A allele of the ACE G2350A gene polymorphisms is associated with hypertension among ICH patients. الكلمات المفتاحية: نزف داخل المخ, ارتفاع ضغط الدم, الجين للإنزيم المحول للأنجيوتنسين المتعدد الأشكال الجينية, Keywords: ACE G2350A gene polymorphism, Hypertension, Intracerebral haemorrhage

Background: One of nursing management functions is organizing nursing staff through assessing their working performances. Managing nursing staff in order to improve their working performance is vital. Thus, it needs to be well-designed to meet the patients’ expectation on health care quality. Nurses’ performance is defined as the action, achievement, or fulfillment of nurses’ responsibilities based on their tasks that have been assigned to them. Purpose: The aim of this study was to describe the nurses’ performance assessment and the nurse activities based on nursing clinical authority at the Dr. Wahidin Sudirohusodo hospital Makassar. Methods: This research is a qualitative descriptive study. Data were gathered from Focus Group Discussion (FGD), individual interviews, and document analysis. Results: The study results showed that generally the assessment of the nurses’ performances at the Dr. Wahidin Sudirohusodo hospital has been conducted since 2015. However, there were still some areas that need to be improved, such as the quantity indicator assessment that is currently not developed based on the nursing clinical authority. In fact, the assessment of nurses' performance for quantity indicators should be adjusted to the nursing clinical authority that has been assigned to them after completing the credentialing process as stated in the Nurse Clinical Assignment Letter. Conclusion: The assessment of nurses’ performance should be adhered to the nursing clinical authority and it is better if hospital managers may synchronize the nursing clinical authority with the online nursing logbook provided in the Hospital Information System

Epizeuxis in a collection of Anwar Chairil Poems: I'm a Bitch Animal. This article aims to investigate the epizeuxis style found in the lines of Chairil Anwar's poems: I am a bitch animal. The collection of poems consisted of 76 poems from Chairil Anwar from 1942-1949 totaling 76 poems, 2 poetry transcripts, and Chairil Anwar's letters to H.B Jassin. Descriptive method is using in this research. There are 21 poems that contain epizeuxis style. Found three epizeuxis language style contained in a collection of Chairil Anwar's poems. First, the language style is repeated directly in a row. Secondly, the style of language with important words repeated as affirmation. Third, the style of language that is considered important words repeated several times in a row.

Irrigation modernization as a fundamental transformation of irrigation water resources management which aims to increase the utilization of human resources and services provided to a farmer in an effective, efficient, and sustainable manner based on the five pillars of irrigation modernization. This study aims to evaluate the readiness of modernization Krueng Jreu Irrigation Area based on the 5 pillars of irrigation modernization. The research method was observation, interview, and research documentation. The results showed that the index value of modernization readiness in Krueng Jreu on the pillars of water availability with a value of 10, the pillars of irrigation infrastructure with a value of 19.8. Pillars of the irrigation management system with a value of 14, the pillars of irrigation management institutions with a value of 9 and the pillars of human resources for irrigation management with a value of 6. The total value of the index for modernization readiness in Krueng Jreu is 58.8 which is categorized as sufficient, irrigation modernization is postponed and must make improvements within 1-2 years.

Background: This study was conducted to determine the prevalence of headache in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and to assess its association as a predictor for COVID-19. This study also aimed to discuss the possible pathogenesis of headache in COVID-19. Methods: Available articles from PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science were searched as of September 2nd, 2020. Data on characteristics of the study, headache and COVID-19 were extracted following the PRISMA guidelines. Biases were assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa scale. The cumulative prevalence of headache was calculated for the general population (i.e. adults and children). The pooled odd ratio (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (95%CI) was calculated using the Z test to assess the association between headache and the presence of COVID-19 cases. Results: We included 104,751 COVID-19 cases from 78 eligible studies to calculate the global prevalence of headache in COVID-19 and 17 studies were included to calculate the association of headache and COVID-19. The cumulative prevalence of headache in COVID-19 was 25.2% (26,464 out of 104,751 cases). Headache was found to be more prevalent, approximately by two-fold, in COVID-19 patients than in non-COVID-19 patients (other respiratory viral infections), OR: 1.73; 95% CI: 1.94, 2.5 with p=0.04. Conclusion: Headache is common among COVID-19 patients and seems to be more common in COVID-19 patients compared to those with the non-COVID-19 viral infection. No definitive mechanisms on how headache emerges in COVID-19 patients but several possible hypotheses have been proposed. However, extensive studies are warranted to elucidate the mechanisms. PROSPERO registration: CRD42020210332 (28/09/2020)

Introduction: Increased awareness and understanding of the overall burden of CKD is required in managing disease independently. Self-efficacy can support self-management behavior. Objectives: This study aims to determine the self-efficacy of patients with chronic kidney disease undergoing hemodialysis based on patient characteristics. Method: This study used an analytic survey method with a cross-sectional study approach. Sampling with purposive sampling with a sample size of 80 people. Data were analyzed with Mann Whitney, Kruskall-Wallis, Spearman Correlation depending on the type of data available with a confidence level of 95%. Results: The results of self-efficacy analysis based on the characteristics of patients with chronic kidney disease undergoing hemodialysis found that there was a correlation between the length of HD and the patient's self-efficacy (p: 0.008) where the patient's self-efficacy would increase along with the addition of the patient's HD duration (r: 0.293). As for age, number of comorbidities, gender, education, marriage status, employment, financing, religious activities, social activities, blood pressure, and body weight were not related to patient self-efficacy (p> 0.05). Conclusion: Patient self-efficacy related to blood pressure. As for age, a number of comorbidities, gender, education, marriage status, employment, financing, religious activities, social activities, length of HD, and body weight were not related to patient self-efficacy.

Background: In this study, we aimed to determine the global prevalence, chronological order of symptom appearance, and mortality rates with regard to hemorrhagic and ischemic stroke in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and to discuss possible pathogeneses of hemorrhagic and ischemic stroke in individuals with the disease. Methods: We searched the PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases for relevant articles published up to November 8, 2020. Data regarding study characteristics, hemorrhagic stroke, ischemic stroke, and COVID-19 were retrieved in accordance with the PRISMA guidelines. The Newcastle-Ottawa scale was used to assess the quality of the eligible studies. The pooled prevalence and mortality rate of hemorrhagic and ischemic stroke were calculated. Results: The pooled estimate of prevalence of hemorrhagic stroke was 0.46% (95% CI 0.40%–0.53%; I2=89.81%) among 67,155 COVID-19 patients and that of ischemic stroke was 1.11% (95% CI 1.03%–1.22%; I2=94.07%) among 58,104 COVID-19 patients. Ischemic stroke was more predominant (incidence: 71.58%) than hemorrhagic stroke (incidence: 28.42%) in COVID-19 patients who experienced a stroke. In COVID-19 patients who experienced a stroke, hospital admission with respiratory symptoms was more commonly reported than that with neurological symptoms (20.83% for hemorrhagic stroke and 5.51% for ischemic stroke versus 6.94% for hemorrhagic stroke and 5.33% for ischemic stroke, respectively). The pooled mortality rate of COVID-19 patients who experienced a hemorrhagic and ischemic stroke was 44.72% (95% CI 36.73%–52.98%) and 36.23% (95% CI 30.63%–42.24%), respectively. Conclusions: Although the occurrence of hemorrhagic and ischemic stroke is low, the mortality rates of both stroke types in patients with COVID-19 are concerning, and therefore, despite several potential pathogeneses that have been proposed, studies aimed at definitively elucidating the mechanisms of hemorrhagic and ischemic stroke in individuals with COVID-19 are warranted. PROSPERO registration: CRD42020224470 (04/12/20)

Background: The present study aimed to determine the global prevalence of anosmia and dysgeusia in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients and to assess their association with severity and mortality of COVID-19. Moreover, this study aimed to discuss the possible pathobiological mechanisms of anosmia and dysgeusia in COVID-19. Methods: Available articles from PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and preprint databases (MedRxiv, BioRxiv, and Researchsquare) were searched on November 10th, 2020. Data on the characteristics of the study (anosmia, dysgeusia, and COVID-19) were extracted following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guideline. Newcastle–Ottawa scale was used to assess research quality. Moreover, the pooled prevalence of anosmia and dysgeusia were calculated, and the association between anosmia and dysgeusia in presence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) was assessed using the Z test. Results: Out of 32,142 COVID-19 patients from 107 studies, anosmia was reported in 12,038 patients with a prevalence of 38.2% (95% CI: 36.5%, 47.2%); whereas, dysgeusia was reported in 11,337 patients out of 30,901 COVID-19 patients from 101 studies, with prevalence of 36.6% (95% CI: 35.2%, 45.2%), worldwide. Furthermore, the prevalence of anosmia was 10.2-fold higher (OR: 10.21; 95% CI: 6.53, 15.96, p < 0.001) and that of dysgeusia was 8.6-fold higher (OR: 8.61; 95% CI: 5.26, 14.11, p < 0.001) in COVID-19 patients compared to those with other respiratory infections or COVID-19 like illness. To date, no study has assessed the association of anosmia and dysgeusia with severity and mortality of COVID-19. Conclusion: Anosmia and dysgeusia are prevalent in COVID-19 patients compared to those with the other non-COVID-19 respiratory infections. Several possible mechanisms have been hypothesized; however, future studies are warranted to elucidate the definitive mechanisms of anosmia and dysgeusia in COVID-19. Protocol registration: PROSPERO CRD42020223204.

Objective: Currently, stunting is seen as a serious public health problem. Although its prevalence has decreased, the stunting rate is a large number of cases in the world. Methods: A literature search was conducted on electronic databases such as ProQuest, PubMed, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar to identify relevant published articles from January 1, 2010, to July 1, 2020. Additional articles were identified from the reference lists and grey literature. Result: Three main phases require the optimal mother roles to prevent stunting in children during the golden phase. These phases include the preconception phase, the prenatal phase, and the infant-toddlerhood phase. Various mother roles include fulfilling maternal, fetal, infant, and child nutrition, carrying out early breastfeeding initiation, exclusive breastfeeding, and appropriate complementary feeding, optimizing the environment for child development, optimizing family support, and avoiding various psychosocial factors that can be detrimental during growth, and child development. Conclusion: The mother roles in the golden phase are crucial to preventing stunting in children. Although the conception period does not have a fetus, early strengthening of maternal nutrition must be done so that the mother's body is ready to undergo the prenatal phase for fetal development, which then continues in the infant phase - toddlerhood to adolescence.

The purpose of this systematic review is to identify the effect of individual nursing-led, patient sessions on adult care with heart failure (HF) in hospitals, outpatient clinics and at home or community. A systematic review of the intervention study. Using nurse terminology, education, heart failure, self-care in the PubMed database, ScienceDirect, Willey, ProQuest. The articles in question are related to educational interventions by individual nurses to patients with management of heart failure. The results of this review identified nursing-led education sessions to adults with heart failure proven to improve self-care abilities. These results suggest that the education of patients led by nurses to adult patients with heart failure improves self-care. Education led by nurses delivered in hospitals, outpatient and in-home clinics using diverse methods have an impact on improving self-care.

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui: (a) kebijakan pendidikan untuk anak jalanan, (b) implementasi kebijakan pendidikan untuk anak jalanan, dan (c) dampak kebijakan pendidikan pada anak jalanan di Kota Yogyakarta. Pendekatan yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah kualitatif. Subjek penelitian ditentukan dengan teknik purposive sampling terdiri atas anak jalanan, Dinas Pendidikan Kota Yogyakarta, Dinas Sosnakertrans Kota Yogyakarta, PKBM Anak Mandiri, PKBM Reksonegaran, dan Rumah Singgah Ahmad Dahlan. Data penelitian dikumpulkan melalui wawancara mendalam, observasi, catatan lapangan, dan analisis dokumen. Data penelitian ini dianalisis menggunakan teknik analisis kualitatif bergerak dalam lingkaran di antara pengumpulan data, pengorganisasian data, pembacaan/memoing, deskripsi, klasifikasi, penafsiran, dan penyajian/ visualisasi. Hasil penelitian ini adalah: (1) kebijakan pendidikan layanan khusus untuk mengentaskan anak dari jalanan melalui pendidikan informal dan nonformal sudah tidak relevan lagi dengan realitas kehidupan di Kota Yogyakarta; (2) implementasi “akuntabilitas jalur pendek” oleh Dinas Sosnakertrans Kota Yogyakarta menyalurkan bantuan secara langsung ke rekening masing-masing anak jalanan, sedangkan “akuntabilitas jalur panjang” oleh Dinas Pendidikan Kota Yogyakarta menyalurkan bantuan untuk anak jalanan melalui perantara pengelola PKBM/rumah singgah; (3) kebijakan pendidikan berdampak pada anak jalanan yang sudah mulai berkurang di Kota Yogyakarta, Kata kunci: kebijakan pendidikan, anak jalanan, Yogyakarta ANALYSIS OF EDUCATION POLICY FOR STREET CHILDREN IN YOGYAKARTA Abstact The study aims to investigate (a) the education policy for street children, (b) the implementation of education policy for street children, and (c) the effect of education for street children in Yogyakarta. This study employed the qualitative approach. The research subjects consisting of street children, Head of Education in Yogyakarta, Head of Social, Manpower and Transmigration in Yogyakarta, PKBM Anak Mandiri, PKBM Reksonegaran, and Rumah Singgah Ahmad Dahlan. The data was collected through in-depth interview, observation, field notes, and document analysis. Meanwhile, the data was analyzed using qualitative analysis in one circle among data collection, data categories, memoing, descriptive, clasification, intepretation, and visualisation. The result of studi are follows: (1) a particular service in education policy which eradicates children from street through informal and non-formal education is not relevant with the life reality in Yogyakarta; (2) the implementation of “short path accountability” made by the Head of Social, Manpower and Transmigration is to distribute donation directly into the account of street children. Otherwise, the implementation of “long path accoutability” made by the head of education in Yogyakarta is to distribute donation for street children through the organizer of PKBM/Rumah singgah; (3) the education policy affects the eradication of number of homeless children in Yogyakarta. Keywords: education policy, street children, Yogyakarta

Background: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic non-infectious disease with complications such as diabetic foot, which has the potential for amputation if left untreated. Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) is a behavior-based theory that can be applied to DM patients including foot care to minimize risk. Some studies related to TPB particularly about physical activity and diet have been explored, however, studies on foot care are still lacking. Objective: This study aims to apply the Theory of Planned Behavior (Intentions, Attitudes, Subjective Norms and Behavioral Control) on the patient's foot care. Methods: This was a cross sectional descriptive study. There were 93 patients diagnosed with type 2 DM recruited at 9 public health centers (Puskesmas) using accidental sampling on April 2018. TPB-based foot care questionnaire from the IWGDF (International Working Group on Diabetic Foot) Diabetic Foot guidelines was used. Data were analyzed in the form of frequency distribution. Results: Of the total number of respondents, 25 males and 68 females with average age of 53.05 ± 8.04 years, approximately 87.1% of them have the intention to wear footwear according to size. The majority of patients think that washing feet every day is a form of good and positive practice. They also agreed that the family expects the patient to examine the presence of bone / joint protrusions independently and believes that monitoring the foot deformities performed by other DM patients is very important as well as having control that the patient can check for signs of boils in the legs and there is a high likelihood of blisters / sores if the socks used are not suitable. Conclusion: The majority of respondents have good intentions, positive attitudes, social support and behavioral controls for foot care.