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The long-term purpose of this community service is to support the autonomy of the university through independent income generation and to encourage the development of a culture of utilizing university research results for the community through the mobile veterinary clinic business carried out by Prof. Noerjanto Teaching Veterinary Hospital. To achieve above objectives, it was necessary to modify the existing clinic vehicle to include an operating room, mini-laboratory and pharmacy. The implementation of activities was carried out for five working days a week, by actively visiting smallholder livestock centers per village per day in the Aceh Besar areas. Services provided included livestock health consultation, treatment, vaccination (an effective measure as a form of protection for animals, synchronization of heat and artificial insemination, and assistance during birth. The diagnosis methods utilize the latest techniques, namely diagnosis and therapy techniques used in the field of veterinary medicine, which were the results of previous research. Mobile Clinic of Prof. Noerjanto's Teaching Veterinary Hospital had been modified by providing an operating table, mini laboratory, pharmacy, and repainting the car, thus increased the attractiveness of the community during the activities were carried out. Mass treatment of livestock in Aceh Besar district had reached the target which services covered five sub-districts. In conclusion, the mobile veterinary clinic in 2017 has successfully modified the clinic car and provided health services in 5 sub-districts in Aceh Besar District.

The Medan Denai Locale Government has as of late been currently moving towards a spotless climate. Medan Denai Locale will be a model for other sub-regions in their endeavors to work on the nature of a perfect climate. The deterrent faced by individuals of Medan Denai Locale is an absence of inspiration and mindfulness regarding the significance of ecological tidiness. The arrangement that should be possible to conquer these obstructions is by holding a strengthening program completed by the Medan Region government for the local area with the exercises of the Drape Program, the Night Squander Apportioning Project (persami), the Denai Quick Waste Help (persad), and the Waste Development Program for Denai hindering (Denai guardians). The point of this program is to engage the local area by imparting local area mindfulness and worry as well as being straightforwardly associated with molding the climate through related programs. The strategy involved is to gather information through direct perception in the encompassing Medan Denai Locale region by focusing on the treatment of moved squander and keeping up with tidiness over the day. This community empowerment program has allowed Medan Denai District to improve, maintain, and even develop its environmental cleanliness. The results of the research show that the activities of the Curtain Program, the Night Waste Disposal Program (persami), the Denai Fast Waste Service (persad), and the Waste Movement Program for stunting Denai (Denai caregivers) have improved environmental cleanliness and health in the Medan Denai District area. Apart from that, the district government and the community are committed to carrying out the program in a sustainable manner.

The rice yield gap (YG) is a global concern, requiring more detailed studies spatially and temporally. As a staple food in Indonesia, rice was produced from 7.4 Mha paddy fields in 2019. Better insight into the YG helps assess measures to boost rice production. However, the information on YG variation among regions scale is limited. This study aimed to identify the rice YG based on 295 historical trial datasets from 23 provinces in Indonesia. We surveyed published trial results from 2012 to 2022 and analyzed YGs, expressed as the percentage of farmer yield (FY). The potential yield (PY) was estimated from field trial results using introduced rice cultivation technology package, whereas FY from results using existing farmer practices. Our study showed that the average YG was 62% in rainfed, 54% in tidal, and 32% in irrigated paddy fields. The YG was significantly high in the paddy fields of Kalimantan (74%) and Maluku-Papua (49%), while the lowest was in Sulawesi (27%) and Java (31%). The YG varied significantly with geo-regions, rice varieties, and cultivation technology packages. Closing the YG and ensuring sustainable rice production requires the implementation of sustainable intensification through applying site-specific technology packages, reallocation of agricultural interventions to a higher YG region, and rice variety improvement to increase PY.

Through an in-depth literature review, this literature study aims to analyze the role of innovative leadership in supporting educational management transformation. This research is qualitative research that uses a literature study approach. The main data sources are scientific literature, books, journal articles, and academic documents related to the role of innovative leadership in transforming educational management. Library studies collect data through searches for relevant literature using academic databases, digital libraries, and trusted sources. Data analysis in this study involved the synthesis and interpretation of relevant literature. The researcher identified major themes, key concepts, and significant findings from the literature. The analysis process includes compiling data, grouping information, and interpreting the meaning of the literature accessed. The research results state that innovative leadership plays a vital role in shaping and directing the transformation of educational management amidst the dynamics of development and change in the contemporary era. Innovative leadership has a very important role in driving the transformation of educational management. By creating a culture of innovation, developing adaptive management strategies, taking measured risks, motivating those around them, and managing change wisely, innovative leaders shape the future of education that is more dynamic, inclusive, and relevant.

This article aims to explore the moderating dimension of Ahmad Sonhadji's interpretation in his Tafsir, 'Abru al-Aṡīr. This work is based on Sonhadji's lecture on Singapore radio. Some scholars claimed that he was an influential commentator, an icon of commentator and social reformer, and a proponent of the principle of moderation in Singapore. This literature research was carried out using qualitative methods and heuristic analysis. The researchers examined Sonhadji's interpretation of popular verses in the study of moderation. The data were classified based on Gadamer's hermeneutic principles. This research revealed that the meaningful sense of Sonhadji's interpretation gave birth to objective moderate principles, such as upholding justice, obeying the leader's rules, not considering one's own religion as the most correct that leads to humiliation of other religions, not being excessive, and understanding religion proportionally.

Numerous experts recommend the adoption of evidence-based policy concepts to ensure the high quality of policy decisions and practices. Research plays a crucial role in this context, serving as an instrumental process to inform policy decisions at various levels. In contrast to some countries that have established independent, autonomous, and decentralized research institutions, Indonesia's recent shift towards centralization through the creation of the National Research and Innovation Agency has raised concerns about potential politicization of research. This article seeks to analyze the risk of research politicization and explore prospects for future research management to support the implementation of evidence-based policies. Employing a qualitative approach, this study relies on a thorough literature review, drawing from reputable journals, books, and other credible references. The results indicate that the existence of the National Research and Innovation Agency offers a dual perspective: while it enables government control over research implementation aligned with political agendas, it also opens avenues for utilizing research findings in diverse policy decisions and practices. Emphasizing objectivity is essential as research must remain impartial. Therefore, future research management should prioritize objectivity, and the format of the National Research and Innovation Agency presents an opportunity to promote evidence-based policies and policy practices grounded in unbiased research outcomes.

Sektor pertanian merupakan satu-satunya sektor yang dapat memenuhi kebutuhan pangan, yang merupakan elemen dasar untuk memenuhi kebutuhan sehari-hari. Salah satu pangan strategis bagi masyarakat Indonesia dalam memenuhi kebutuhan karbohidratnya adalah padi. Usahatani menjadi lebih produktif, efektif dan efisien ketika penyuluh pertanian dilibatkan. Penyuluh memberikan bimbingan langsung dan bertindak sebagai penentu perubahan perilaku petani dalam mengembangkan usahataninya. Penelitian ini dilakukan di Kecamatan Belopa Utara Kabupaten Luwu, tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis persepsi petani terhadap peran penyuluh dan menganalisis pengaruh karakteristik petani dan kegiatan penyuluh terhadap persepsi petani pada peran penyuluh di Kecamatan Belopa Utara Kabupaten Luwu. Penentuan responden menggunakan rumus slovin dengan jumlah responden sebanyak 114 responden. Metode analisis data yang digunakan adalah metode analisis SEM (Structural Equation Modeling) yang digunakan untuk hubungan kasualitas antar variabel yang di teliti. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan skor rata-rata persepsi petani terhadap peran penyuluh adalah 7,43 dalam skala penilaian 1 sampai 10. Karakteristik petani berpengaruh tidak signifikan terhadap persepsi sementara kegiatan penyuluhan berpengaruh signifikan terhadap peran penyuluh dalam penyuluhan pertanian di Kecamatan Belopa Utara, Kab. Luwu. Dengan demikian, maka penyuluh perlu meningkatkan perannya dalam memberikan penyuluhan kepada petani sehingga petani memperoleh manfaat dalam kegiatan penyuluhan yang dilakukan oleh penyuluh pertanian di Kecamatan Belopa Utara.

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis dan mendiskusikan implementasi nilai-nilai Islam dalam pendidikan jasmani dan olahraga untuk membentuk karakter Ulul Albab. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah studi literatur dengan mengumpulkan dan menganalisis literatur yang terkait dengan implementasi nilai-nilai Islam dalam pendidikan jasmani dan olahraga serta pembentukan karakter Ulul Albab. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pendidikan jasmani dan olahraga dapat menjadi sarana efektif dalam membentuk karakter Ulul Albab dengan mengintegrasikan nilai-nilai Islam dalam setiap kegiatan olahraga. Nilai-nilai Islam seperti kejujuran, disiplin, kerja keras, dan tanggung jawab dapat diterapkan dalam kegiatan olahraga sebagai sarana untuk membangun karakter yang kuat. Dengan demikian, implementasi nilai-nilai Islam dalam pendidikan jasmani dan olahraga dapat menjadi alternatif strategi dalam membentuk karakter Ulul Albab yang memiliki moralitas dan etika Islam yang baik. Kesimpulannya, pentingnya implementasi nilai-nilai Islam dalam pendidikan jasmani dan olahraga sebagai salah satu upaya untuk membentuk karakter Ulul Albab yang berkualitas dan bermoral. Keywords: Nilai-Nilai Islam, Pendidikan Jasmani, Olahraga, Ulul Albab

This research aimed to determine the accuracy of the progesterone test kit for milk and blood as means of early pregnancy diagnosis in Ettawa cross goats (PE). Five lactating PE goats were used in this study and were synchronized with PGF2α intramuscularly. The result is that all goats showed a sigh of estrus. Four goats were mated naturally, while one other was not mated. The determination of day-0 was when the females were standing heat. Early pregnancy diagnosis using dairy cow test strips performed 18-22 days after mating or post-estrus. The accuracy of the diagnosis was confirmed by ultrasound examination on day 35 after mating/post estrus. Diagnosis using the milk progesterone kit showed negative results for five days of examination in all goats, whereas using the blood progesterone kit showed positive results in four goats. When confirmed, using ultrasound showed one goat was diagnosed as not pregnant, and four other goats were diagnosed pregnant. It can be concluded that the use of progesterone dairy cow pregnancy test strip kits is effectively used to diagnose early pregnancy in PE goats with high accuracy in blood samples (100%) and low accuracy in milk samples (20%).

ABSTRACT. Bunting semu pada kelinci dapat terjadi karena adanya induksi secara hormonal dan stimulasi fisik yang dapat menyebabkan perubahan pada morfologi saluran reproduksi. Salah satu metode induksi bunting semu adalah melalui injeksi GnRH. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengidentifikasi perubahan terhadap anatomi dan histologi saluran reproduksi pada kelinci lokal bunting semu yang diinduksi dengan penyuntikan GnRH. Dalam penelitian ini digunakan sembilan ekor kelinci betina lokal, berumur 1-2 tahun dengan bobot badan 1,8-2,2 kg. Kelinci yang dibagi ke dalam tiga kelompok perlakuan (n=3) yakni K1, K2, dan K3. Kelompok K1 (kontrol negatif), diinjeksi dengan 0,1 ml NaCl fisiologis tanpa perkawinan; K2 (kontrol positif), kelinci diinduksi dengan 100 IU PMSG, tiga hari kemudian dikawinkan dan diinjeksi 75 IU hCG; dan K3, kelinci diinduksi dengan penyuntikan 5 µg GnRH secara intravena. Pada hari ke-8 setelah perlakuan seluruh kelinci disembelih lalu saluran reproduksi diambil untuk pengamatan morfologi dan morfometri oviduk, kornua uteri, serviks uteri dan vagina lalu diproses secara histoteknik dan diwarnai dengan pewarnaan hematoksilin dan eosin untuk pengamatan histologi dan histomorfometri. Panjang oviduk, kornua, dan vagina kelinci memperlihatkan perbedaan yang nyata (P0,05) antar K1 dan K2 dengan K3. Ketebalan lapisan muskularis ampula, lamina propia isthmus, lamina muskularis isthmus, tunika serosa isthmus memperlihatkan perbedaan yang nyata (P0,05) antara K1 dan K2 dengan K3. Tebal lapisan endometrium kornua uterus K2 berbeda sangat nyata (P0,05) dengan K3, namun tidak berbeda nyata (P0,05) dibandingkan K1. Lapisan serosa serviks uteri K1 dan K2 berbeda sangat nyata (P0,05) dengan K3. Histomorfometri vagina kelinci menunjukkan perbedaan yang nyata (P0,05). Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa induksi GnRH tidak menyebabkan perubahan morfologi dan morfometri saluran reproduksi kelinci lokal pada hari ke-8 setelah induksi. (Morphology and morphometry changes of reproductive tract in the pseudo pregnant does using GnRH) ABSTRAK. Pseudopregnancy in rabbits can occur due to hormonal induction and physical stimulation that can cause changes in the morphology of the reproductive tract. One method of hormonal induction is GnRH injection. This study aimed to determine the anatomical and histological changes of the reproductive tract in pseudo pregnant local rabbits induced by injection of GnRH. In this study, nine local female rabbits, aged 1-2 years with a body weight of 1.8-2.2 kg, were divided into three treatment groups (n=3), namely, K1 (negative control): injected with 0.1 ml of physiological NaCl without mating, K2 (positive control): injected with 100 IU PMSG and then mated with male rabbits after three days of injection and followed by injection of 75 IU Hcg; K3 injection 5µg of GnRH intravena route. On the day-8 after treatment, all rabbits were slaughtered and the reproductive tract was collected for morphological and morphometric observation of the oviduct, uterine horn, uterine cervix, and vagina, and then processed histotechnically and stained with hematoxylin and eosin for histological and histomorphometric observation. The length of oviduct, uterine horn and vagina showed significant different (P0.05) between K1 and K2 with K3. The thickness of the lamina muscularis of ampulla, lamina propia of isthmus, lamina muscularis of isthmus, tunica serous of isthmus showed significant different (P0.05) between K1 and K2 with K3.The thickness of the endometrium of uterine horn was significant different (P0.05) between K2 and K3, but not significantly different (P0.05) with K1. The thickness of tunica serous of servical uterine K1 and K2 was significant different (P0.05) with K3. Vaginal histomorphometry of rabbits was not significantly different (P0.05). It can be concluded that the induction of GnRH did not changes the morphology and histology of the reproductive tract in the local rabbits on the day-8 after treatment.

This study aims to understand the histopathological changes in the pseudo-pregnant rabbit uterus concerning the duration of ovaries inside the uterus during ovarian transplantation. The study used nine New Zealand White (NZW) pseudo-pregnant female rabbits aged 3-5 years, weighed 1.5-2.9 kg. After a 30-day adaptation period, all rabbits were divided into three treatment groups: K1 (n=3) underwent ovarian transplantation for 3 days, K2 (n=3) for 5 days, and K3 (n=3) for 7 days. Pseudo-pregnant was induced using PMSG and hCG. The rabbits were intramuscularly injected with 100 IU of PMSG, followed by intravenous injection of 75 IU of hCG three days later. Ovary transplantation was performed on the 8th day (day 0 being the day of hCG injection). Uterus was collected after the transplantation procedure according to the respective treatment groups. The results showed that in K1, K2 and K3, there was hyperemia in the endometrial epithelium and infiltration of inflammatory cells. Hyperemia and necrosis were more severe in K1 compared to K2 and K3. In K3, the histopathological appearance of the endometrium tended to be normal, with less damage. In conclusion, the histopathological findings of hyperemia and necrosis in the uterus undergoing ovarian transplantation lasted for 3 days compared to 5 and 7 days.

Background and Aim: The increase in the levels of the cortisol hormone caused by the stress conditions generated by an ovary transplantation procedure can damage the uterus of the transplant recipient as well as the transplanted ovaries. This study aimed to analyze the histopathological changes that occur in the uterine horn of pseudopregnant local rabbits (recipients), as well as the ovarian follicular integrity of the donor Aceh cattle after transplantation. Materials and Methods: After 30 days of adaptation, all rabbits were divided into three treatment groups: R1 (the group of rabbits that underwent ovarian transplantation for 3 days, n = 5), R2 (the group of rabbits that underwent ovarian transplantation for 5 days, n = 5), and R3 (the group of rabbits that underwent ovarian transplantation for 7 days, n = 5). Pseudopregnancy induction was performed using the pregnant mare's serum gonadotropin (PMSG) and human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) methods. The rabbits were injected with 100 IU of PMSG intramuscularly, followed by an injection of 75 IU of hCG intravenously 3 days later. Ovarian transplantation was performed on day 8 (day 0 was the day of hCG injection). The concentration of cortisol hormone metabolites was measured from fecal samples using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay technique. The uterus and ovaries were collected for histopathological and follicular dynamics examination after the transplantation process was completed. Results: The mean cortisol levels (ng/g) recorded before versus after the transplant in the R1, R2, and R3 groups were 146.23 ± 17.60 versus 338.84 ± 302.79, 128.97 ± 81.56 versus 174.79 ± 101.70, and 124.88 ± 43.61 versus 321.91 ± 221.63 (p < 0.05), respectively. The examination of the histopathological appearance of the uterus revealed edema in the uterine lumen, hyperemia and hemorrhage in the endometrium, necrosis of the epithelium, and infiltration of inflammatory cells. Hemorrhage and hyperemia were severe and filled the endometrium in the R1 compared with the R2 and R3 animals. Ovarian follicle development occurred in all treatment groups, although some histopathological features were observed. The number of tertiary follicles in R1, R2, and R3 animals was 24.67 ± 7.37, 20.67 ± 7.57, and 9.67 ± 3.79 (p < 0.05), respectively. Conclusion: Based on the results of this study, it can be concluded that the transplantation of ovaries from Aceh cattle into pseudopregnant local rabbits triggered an increase in the levels of the cortisol hormone and uterine histological changes; however, follicles were still detected at various stages of development in the transplanted Aceh cattle ovaries. The results of this study are valuable for clinicians and researchers because they provide information regarding an alternative in vivo ovarian preservation technique using pseudopregnant rabbits.

This study aimed to see the effect of aerobic endurance, hand-eye coordination, and learning discipline on essential volleyball skill items for SMP N 2 North Lintau Buo. This type of research is path analysis (fat analysis) with the variables of aerobic endurance, eye-hand coordination, and learning discipline. The population of this study was 20 grade VIII students of SMP N 2 Lintau Buo Utara. The sampling technique in this study was purposive, so 20 students were randomly selected as the sample at SMP N 2 Lintau Buo Utara. The grouping of samples is random. Data collection was carried out by testing basic volleyball skills, namely passing over, under, serve and serve over. The data was then analyzed by t-test. The study results can be concluded that there is a significant influence between hand-eye coordination and learning discipline in students playing volleyball. This is seen from the results of the data analysis sig value

This community service program aims to improve the skills of teachers in transferring scientific writing media into digital books by utilizing the issues digital publishing platform. Implementing this service used training and technical assistance for teachers at Madrasah Ibtidayah (MI) Manggarupi, Madrasah Tsanawiyah (MTs) Manggarupi, and SMA PGRI Sungguminasa starting from creating an ISSUU account to publishing works. The instrument for evaluating this activity used the Context, Input, Process, and Product (CIPP) model. The training questionnaire was given via Google Form and analyzed descriptively. The result of this service activity was an increase in the ability of teachers to publish their scientific writings through digital publishing platforms. Teachers experienced the benefits of using a digital edition publishing platform to support school learning activities. The platform could also be a forum for students in these schools to publish their writings and works.

Environmental preservation needs to be considered to avoid conflicts and social protests in the mining world, especially in the communities around the mines. Conflicts of social resistance and efforts to preserve the environment through protests to preserve the environment in West Nusa Tenggara. This research method is descriptive qualitative with a case study approach. The results of this research indicate that exploration permits without regard to sociological and ecological conditions cause social conflict. Furthermore, the form of social conflict is in the form of demonstrations and protests on a large scale by closing the main access to West Nusa Tenggara - East Nusa Tenggara, burning state facilities and social vulnerability. It is hoped that the results of this research are related to the policies and granting of mining business licenses to pay more attention to social problems.

Abstrak: Pembelajaran virtual merupakan proses belajar mengajar yang menggunakan media virtual berbantuan platform berbasis web. Penelitian deskriptif kuantitatif ini bertujuan untuk memperoleh gambaran pelaksanaan pembelajaran virtual online calon guru pada masa pandemic COVID-19. Penelitian ini dilakukan pada calon guru di Fakultas Keguruan dan Ilmu Pendidikan Universitas Samawa. Responden penelitian sebanyak 51 orang yang dipilih menggunakan teknik purposive sampling. Instrumen dalam penelitian ini menggunakan kuesioner berisi pertanyaan dan pernyataan yang berjumlah 13 item dengan satu kolom komentar yang disediakan diakhir. Angket tersebut menggambarkan tentang proses pembelajaran virtual online dari kesiapan infrastruktur sampai dengan prospek pembelajaran ini kedepan. Hasil penelitian diperoleh bahwa dari empat aspek yang diukur, mahasiswa calon guru memiliki pandangan positif tentang proses pembelajaran secara daring termasuk berkategori tinggi kecuali pada aspek kepraktisan. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa pembelajaran secara daring mempermudah mahasiswa dalam proses belajar dan sangat membantu mereka dalam menghindari pencemaran COVID-19. Abstract: Virtual learning is a teaching and learning process using virtual media assisted by a Web-based platform as a tool in the teaching and learning process. This quantitative descriptive study aims to obtain an overview of the implementation of virtual online learning for prospective teachers during the COVID-19 pandemic. This study was conducted on prospective teachers at the Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, Samawa University. The research respondents were 51 prospective teachers selected using the purposive sampling technique. The instrument in this study used a questionnaire containing questions and statements totaling 13 items with one comment column provided at the end. The questionnaires discuss the online virtual learning process, from infrastructure readiness to prospects for this learning. The study results showed that from the four aspects measured; teacher candidates had a view of the learning process being categorized as high except for the practical element. It can be concluded that online learning makes it easier for students in the learning process and helps them avoid contamination with COVID-19.

Peronosclerospora spp. are economically important downy mildew pathogens of maize. The application of biotic agents is an alternative for controlling downy mildew. Biological control agent of Trichoderma spp. has been known not only directly fight pathogens but also induce resistance, including rapid production of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS). This study aims to identify T. asperellum AC.3 in inducing maize resistance against downy mildew through ROS production around infected area. There were three treatments in this study, namely filtrate culture, suspension, and control, where each treatment was tested on two varieties, namely JH37 and PulutUri. The results showed that ROS accumulation around infected area was greater in maize plants treated with T. asperellum AC.3 filtrate and suspension in both varieties. The ROS production as pathogen response was detected at 6 hours and maintained up to 12 hours. The ROS in the filtrate culture treatment of the JH37 variety had the largest area, 243 mm2, followed by the suspension treatment of the JH37 variety, then the filtrate and suspension treatment of the PulutUri variety. T. asperellum AC.3 triggered ROS production in maize infected by the downy mildew pathogen, therefore, maize plants could localize the infection of Peronosclerospora spp.

The Meaning of Hizb in the Qur'an: Revealing the Moral Message of the Qur'an about Identity Politics This article discusses the moral message of the Qur'anic verses about hizb in relation to identity politics. This study is motivated by the use of the term hizb which is not in line with the moral message of the Koran and tends to be misused for the benefit of power politics. To reveal the moral message of the Koran used qualitative research by making the verses of the Koran about hizb as the object of study. Al-Qur'an verses about hizb are described thematically with the double movement theory approach, Fazlur Rahman. The results of this study indicate that the verses about hizb imply a moral message that is directly related to identity politics, especially the relationship between the existence of human plurality and divine principles. This relationship is formed by the existence of religiosity which supports the maintenance of ethical values. In addition, progressive ideas born from a nation's democracy always rest on ethical and rational truths. Ethical truth directs people consciously to maintain their identity without ignoring rational truth. Meanwhile, rational truth is placed properly in maintaining national unity in the discourse of democracy

This research was conducted to determine plant biomass, carbon potential, and CO2 reserve potential in understory vegetation in general, namely grasslands, shrubs, and rainfed rice fields. The sampling of the research was carried out randomly and intentionally, and was limited to the vegetation of reeds, shrubs and rainfed land bushes in the Aceh Besar District of Indonesia. The sample was taken based on a digitized map obtained from overlaying the land use map, slope map, soil type map, and Aceh Besar government map. Measurement of biomass in the vegetation of Imperata, shrubs, and rainfed rice fields is in accordance with procedures from the Indonesian National Standard (2011) and the World Agroforestry Center. The area of bush vegetation is larger than that of rainfed rice fields and grasslands. In general, the plants found in bush vegetation are Acacia leucoeplhoea, Mimosa pudica, Cyperus rotundus, and Eleusine indica. Grassland vegetation has one plant only, namely, Pennisetum purpureum. The vegetation of rainfed rice fields consists of the Oryza sativa type of plant. Plant biomass, carbon [C] content, and carbon potential in bush vegetation are greater than that of grassland and rainfed rice fields, as well as plant biomass reserves, plant biomass carbon and total CO2 reserves. Shrubs and woody plants render the potential for biomass, carbon, and CO2 absorption greater than that of grassland and rainfed rice fields. This is in accordance with the research that the increase in biomass is followed by an increase in potential carbon storage. Parameters that affect biomass indirectly will also affect carbon storage in a biomass and in an ecosystem, namely, individual density, stem diameter, tree species diversity, and soil. The density of trees in an area will affect the increase in carbon stocks through an increase in biomass. This is because the vegetation of shrubs does not only consist of undergrowth, but also of woody stems such as Acacia leucoeploea, making carbon stock potential in bush vegetation greater than that of grassland and rainfed rice fields, as shrubs cover an area of 96,962.2 ha, hence larger than that of grasslands and rainfed rice fields.

ABSTRACT. Endometritis merupakan peradangan pada endometrium yang dapat mengakibatkan gangguan fungsi ovarium. Biasanya sapi yang mengalami endometritis memiliki Corpus luteum (CL) di ovarium. Pemberian terapi yang sesuai dan efektif sangat penting dalam penanganan kasus endometritis. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui perubahan diameter CL pada sapi Aceh penderita endometritis setelah terapi lugol 2% dan PGF2α secara intra uteri menggunakan teknik ultrasonografi. Enam ekor sapi Aceh betina (n=6) yang telah didiagnosa menderita endometritis dengan kisaran umur 5-10 tahun, dibagi dalam 2 kelompok perlakuan. Kelompok 1 (K1, n=3) diberi perlakuan dengan terapi larutan lugol 2% sebanyak 50 ml/ekor secara i.u. Kelompok 2 (K2, n=3) diberi perlakuan dengan terapi lugol 2% 50 ml ditambah PGF2α 12,5 mg/ekor secara i.u. Pemeriksaan dilakukan setelah terapi selama 24 hari. Hasil analisis statistik penurunan diameter CL tidak terdapat perbedaan nyata pada kedua kelompok perlakuan. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa terapi sapi-sapi Aceh endometritis menggunakan kombinasi lugol 2% dan PGF2α kurang efektif terhadap penyembuhan berdasarkan gambaran ultrasonografi CL pada ovarium sapi Aceh endometritis. (Ultrasonography of corpus luteum endometritis Aceh cows after intra uterine therapy of lugol and PGF2α) ABSTRAK. Endometritis is an inflammation in the endometrium that can resulted from disturbance of normal ovarian function. Giving appropriate therapy and effective is very important in handling case endometritis. Usually cows that experience endometritis has Corpus luteum (CL) in the ovary. This research aim was to know the changes in diameter of CL at Aceh cows sufferer endometritis after therapy lugol 2% and PGF2α with intra-uterine infusion using ultrasound technique. Six Aceh cow females (n=6) who have been diagnosed suffer from endometritis with range age 5 to 10 years, divided in to 2 groups of treatment. Group 1 (K1, n=3) was given treatment with therapy solution lugol 2% as much as 50 ml/head in a manner i.u. Group 2 (K2, n=3) was given treatment with therapy lugol 2% 50 ml plus PGF2α 12,5 mg/head in a manner i.u. Examination done after therapy for 24 days. The results of the statistical analysis showed no significant differences in the two treatment groups. Could be concluded that treatment endometritis Aceh cows use combination lugol 2% and PGF2α is lacking effective to healing based on picture ultrasonography CL on ovary endometritis Aceh cows.

The potency and challenges of sorghum development in tidal swamplands in Indonesia have yet to be well studied. Thus, our study is the first to evaluate the land suitability, economic performance, and strategies for developing sorghum in the tidal swamplands in Central Kalimantan. We use the land suitability evaluation method, a gross margin and profit analysis, a break-even analysis, and a competitive analysis as the methods for assessing the potency and utilization of sorghum in this study. As a tool for decision-making, SWOT was also used, followed by a quantitative strategic planning matrix (QSPM) analysis. The results show that 578,511 ha of arable land is suitable for sorghum development. Economically, sorghum farming can generate IDR 12,894,000 per ha with a revenue-cost ratio of 1.72; the break-even price would be IDR 2447 per kg, around 42% lower than the current market price. Sorghum is also more competitive than cassava (Q = 0.76), sweet potato (Q = 0.58), and soybeans (Q = 0.61) and less competitive than maize (Q = 1.33). Based on the QSPM analysis, five alternative strategies were obtained for developing sorghum in tidal swamplands: (1) optimization of productivity; (2) improvement in the quality of human resources for farmers; (3) facilitation of partnership cooperation; (4) application of site-specific technology; and (5) optimization of waste utilization. These strategies show that the expansion of sorghum planting has potential in the tidal swamplands and economic value for the community.

A process called bioremediation can be used to turn abandoned mining sites into useful agricultural land. An alternative to enhancing the quality of the ex-siltstone mining soil so that it can be used again as agricultural land is the application of biocompost fertilizer. This study intends to investigate how biocompost might enhance the ex-siltstone mining soil’s quality in incubation treatments. The composition of biocompost used in this study is ingredient I: (a) cow manure = 50%; (b) chicken manure = 30%; (c) sand = 10%; (d) bacteria (bioactivator) = 10%; ingredient II: ingredient I is mixed with cow manure in a composition ratio of 1 : 2. The ex-mining soils were gathered in the ex-cement mining region of Lhoknga Subdistrict, Aceh Besar District (5.45°N, 95.2°E). Incubation experiments were conducted in incubation pots (approximately 5 kg per pot) that were randomly placed in a greenhouse using a 4 × 4 factorial completely randomized design (CRD) with three replications. The first factor is the ratio of ex-siltstone mining soil : biocompost, which consists of four levels of comparison: control (ex-mining soil not incubated), 1 : 1 (50 : 50), 1 : 2 (33 : 67), and 1 : 3 (25 : 75). The second factor is the incubation period, which has four levels: 0, 2, 4, and 6 weeks with 48 experimental units. Indicators of the impact of biocompost on the physical and chemical quality of ex-siltstone mining soil were examined. The result shows that bioremediation of ex-siltstone mining soil with biocompost application improves the quality of ex-siltstone mining soil by decreasing bulk density and permeability and also increasing porosity, decreasing soil pH from alkaline to neutral, and increasing soil organic C, total N, available P, and total K. The incubation period of ex-siltstone mining soil influences the changes and dynamics of the soil’s chemical properties.

The purpose of the study was to describe the relationship between the idea of Rangga (masculinity) in the Maja Labo Dahu culture of the Bima people based on sociological studies and social education. The approach used in the research is a qualitative approach with ethnographic methods. Data were collected through observation, interviews, and documents. The results showed that several religious doctrines are directly related to preserving the idea of male dominance over women, which in turn allows the formation of a discourse of violence in the Bima Maja Labo Dahu cultural community. The doctrines are related to (1) the meaning of the origin of the creation of women from men and for men; (2) the meaning of Adam's expulsion from heaven caused by women; (3) the meaning of Rangga for men in gender roles as a figure who protects and dominates women; and (4) the meaning of wife beating as something legitimized by community culture. This understanding and meaning tend to position men as a figure who bears the idea of Rangga, masculine, male, which is then legitimized as a protector and dominator of women. Women are controlled, subordinated, and used as property. So that the impact of Rangga's thinking on Maja Labo Dahu Culture not only resulted in women becoming victims of domestic violence but also women were not given ample space to contribute to improving community growth and economy.

This article describes the date of the existence of an economic pillar in a community or ethnic group that is part of the culture in welfare. The economic pillars are zakat, infaq, and sadaqah (alms). In its development, it has its own existence and different practices, such as that of the Sangir community, which understands alms to be true, giving, and appreciating. Forms of practice such as; first, on normal days which can be seen from the number of weekly receipts of the Sangir mosque which reaches millions of rupiah, secondly on major Islamic holidays such as Ramadan and Eid al-Adha, and thirdly at certain moments such as the Malapeh tradition which is carried out during the hundred days and julo-julo custom at the time of walimah. The existence and persistence of this cannot be separated from the knowledge possessed by the Sangir community, as well as the role of religious and traditional leaders in cultural settings. The variety of alms receptions that have become part of the pattern of people's lives certainly has an influence, both on the environment and for the ethnic community itself.

This Research aims to reveal the methods and Style of Tafsîr Ayât Asykalat book written by Ibn Taimiyah. What is the method of writing Tafsîr Ayât Asykalat book, what is the style of interpretation and what are the advantages and disadvantages of Tafsîr Ayât Asykalat. This study is Uses Library Research Methods with the primary data being Ibn Taimiyyah's book Tafsîr Ayât Asykalat written by Abdul Aziz Bin Muhammad al-Khalifah. Secondary data sources are in the form of scientific books of interpretation or other articles related to the problem being researched. After conducting the research it can be concluded that the method used by Ibn Taymiyyah is the method of muqaran, which is to compare one interpretation with another. Meanwhile, the style of Tafsîr Ayât Asykalat is the style of akidah, because almost the entire theme of the discussion of the verse has the nuances of akidah. The strength of the book Tafsîr Ayât Asykalat is that it provides broader insight into one theme of discussion, open the door to being tolerant by knowing the various interpretive views in one discussion, and proving that the Al-Qur’an is actually nothing contradictory. While the weakness of the methodology of this book of Tafsir is that it cannot be given to beginners because the discussion is too broad and sometimes uses scientific terms that are difficult for beginners to know, cannot be relied on to answer social problems in society because this interpretation is scientific and does not discuss interpretation to answer a reality that happened, the method of interpretation was not systematic, did not match the title of the book with the contents of the book, Ibn Taimiyyah did not issue a new opinion, only commented on the interpretation of friends or the history of salaf and khalaf scholars.

The aim of this study was to observe the uterine involution of Etawa crossbreed (PE) goat using transcutaneous ultrasonography (USG). This study used four postpartum female goats that released placenta normally. The goats were examined on lateral recumbence position. Uterine involution was observed daily. The study began from the first day of postpartum period until there were no more reduction of uterine horns lumen diameter. From the 1st to 7th day of postpartum period, ultrasound imaging of the uterine wall showed caruncle which was hypoechoic, lumen of uterine filled with lochia (the image was hypoechoic to anechoic) and a clearly visible uterine horns lumen which had decreased in diameter from 105.9 ± 0.9 mm to 87.2 ± 4.6 mm. From the 8th day to the 14th day, lumen diameter had decreased from 80.4 ± 3.8 mm to 63.6 ± 3.2 mm. The presence of caruncle was reduced and the amount of lochia was decreased (anechoic). From the 15th day to the 21st day, lumen diameter had decreased from 61.4 ± 2.1 mm to 52.1 ± 2.7 mm, and the remnants of caruncle and lochia were still visible. From the 22nd day to the 26th day, the diameter of the uterine wall had decreased from 49.7 ± 0.6 mm to 41.5 ± 6.7 mm, and the lochia and caruncle were no longer visible. From the 26th to the 30th day, uterine horns lumen diameter had still decreased from 41.5 ± 6.7 mm to 31.7 ± 0.9 mm. Uterine horns lumen diameter size had decreased every day, stabilized on the 30th day, and ceased to decrease on the 31st day, where the diameter size was the same as on the 30th day postpartum (31.7 ± 0.9 mm). It can be concluded that the duration of uterine involution in PE goats, which had normal delivery is 30-31 days.

The use of technology in the digital era is an alternative way to maximize learning for students, especially distance learning. E-learning is a new model of learning in the digital era. This research aims to determine the extent of implementing e-learning based learning in Islamic religious education lessons in SKI learning at MAN Purwakarta. This type of research is a type of qualitative research with descriptive methods. The results of this research show that there are three functions of E-Learning as a learning medium: Additional Function, Complementary Function, and Substitute Function. Then, in the Islamic religious education learning process, the use of e-learning has three stages, namely the planning, implementation, and evaluation stages. The existence of E-learning makes it easier and faster to convey Islamic religious lessons even though there are still shortcomings. Human efforts to adapt to a learning system that continues to change is a concrete step in building an adaptive generation in every era.

This article aims to describe the implementation strategy of the MA CI Islamic Boarding School Management to build the morals of students and its relation to the morals of students who are in the Amanatul Ummah Islamic Boarding School Pacet Mojokerto. The study of this research by the researcher's view of the morals of students now as experienced by this nation, the moral decline has hit almost all life in Indonesia or other words, not only an economic crisis and a crisis of trust but also a moral crisis. This article includes qualitative research using a descriptive qualitative approach. The consideration of using this method is to reveal the reality and actuality of the students' morality from the strategies used at the Amanatul Ummah Islamic Boarding School. In collecting data, the researcher used three methods, namely the interview method, the observation method, and the documentation method. The results of the study obtained an overview of the morals of students and the strategies applied at the Amanatul Ummah Islamic Boarding School, namely istiqomah, the implementation of the night prayer system, book recitation, dawn recitation, and the formation of students' morals with the supervision of students by the management, monitoring of kyai and evaluation of all activities.

This paper aims to explore religious rationality among prostitutes. This study is a case study with a qualitative descriptive method at the Panti Sosial Karya Wanita Andam Dewi Solok. Data was collected using in-depth interview techniques. Using Max Weber's rationality theory as an analytical tool, this study found several important findings. First, the choice to enter the world of prostitution is a rational action taken by prostitutes. The act of prostitution that is carried out is an action that is goal-oriented (instrumentally rational). Actions of prostitution are rationally strived to gain utility, either to show "himself" as a woman or as a person who is responsible in his family. Second, for prostitutes, between prostitution and religion, both are profitable. Prostitution can empower families and improve the economic sector, while religion can reduce and eliminate the sin of prostitution. Religion is not only interpreted as a doctrine that only regulates ritual aspects such as prayer, fasting and all kinds of things, but more than that religion is interpreted as an antidote for any sexual act committed in prostitution.

This study aims to determine the effect of pliometrik training methods and extensif intervals on increasing the accuracy of the jumping smash of PB Reta Utama athletes in Padang City. This study uses an experimental method with a "two groups pretest-posttest design" design. the sampling technique used purposive sampling, so the sample of this study was 12 male athletes. The jumping smash accuracy instrument uses a smash accuracy test. The data analysis technique used t-test with a significance level of 5%. The results showed that (1) there was a significant effect of the pliometrik training method on the accuracy of badminton jumping smash in PB Reta Utama athletes in Padang City (2) There was a significant effect of the extensif interval training method on the accuracy of badminton jumping smash in athletes of PB Reta Utama Kota. Padang (3) The extensif interval training method is better than the pliometrik training method in the accuracy of badminton jumping smash in PB Reta Utama athletes in Padang City, with a posttest average difference of 3.33.

هذا البحث تتحدث عن تفسير مراح لبيد الذي ألفه الشيخ النواوي البنتني. هذا التفسير من التفسير المعاصر الذي لابد فيه من البحث للأسباب منها: أن النواوي البنتني من مفسري الإندونسيا و لا يكتب أحد تفسيرا للقرآن كاملا من إندونسي بلغة العربية إلا النواوي البنتني، و دراسة المنهج بحث مهتم للمبتدئ، لأن هذا الموضوع ينمو علوما متنوعا، كذالك دراسة منهج التفسير .وقال في مقدمته أنه خاف أن يدخل فى الرأي، و يشرع فى تفسيره لسورة الفاتحة بدون ذكر مصادرها كما كان كثير من تفسير بالمأثور.و بعد أن اطلع الباحث تفسير مراح لبيد و مصادره و كتب المتعلقة بهذا البحث فوجد الحصول أن منهج تفسير النواوي البنتني هو الإجمالي لأنه إنما يزداد قليلا على أقوال تفاسيره نفسه.

Abstract One of an important elements that influences health law dynamics is informed consent. Although the action of doctor is protected, instead practically there are many deviations against rights for patients. This study focuses on assessment of judges about expressed consent and patient protection models on the informed consent implementation in Indonesia. Court decisions are outlined and analyzed with existing regulations, so the result described judge's assessment about expressed consent and implementation model of informed consent. The result of this study shows that judges’ valuation is absolute, where they must assess expressed consent as an action to be taken by the medical, except in emergency conditions, thus patient approval is not necessity due to the agrotisalus lex suprema principle, namely patient safety is the highest law. Meanwhile, the model of protection for patients in the trial is applying reverse proof, because the medical profession is able to explain medical actions. Intisari Unsur penting yang mempengaruhi dinamika hukum bidang kesehatan salah satunya adalah informed consent. Meskipun tindakan dokter dilindungi, tetapi dalam praktik masih banyak terjadi penyimpangan terhadap hak-hak pasien. Penelitian ini fokus pada penilaian hakim atas exspressed consent dan model perlindungan pasien dalam pelaksanaan informed consent di Indonesia. Type penelitian ini adalah penelitian hukum normatif dengan pendekatan statute approach dan case approach. Putusan pengadilan diuraikan dan dianalisis dengan peraturan yang ada, sehingga hasil analisis menggambarkan penilaian hakim terhadap exspressed consent dan model pelaksanaan informed consent. Hasil penelitian menggambarkan bahwa penilaian hakim bersifat mendasar (absolut), yakni hakim harus menilai expressed consent sebagai syarat tindakan yang akan dilakukan oleh medis, kecuali dalam kondisi emergency maka persetujuan pasien tidak dibutuhkan karena menganut asas Agrotis Salus Lex Suprema yakni keselamatan pasien adalah hukum yang tertinggi. Namun, model perlindungan bagi pasien dalam persidangan adalah menerapkan pembuktian terbalik, karena profesi kedokteran yang mampu menjelaskan tindakan medik.

This study aims to: (1) produce an android-based digital book application to concretize students' motoric understanding on the Fiqh subject matter in waqf (endowment) lesson, and (2) find out the extent of the appropriateness (quality) of the application that have been developed. The research is Research and Development (R & D) using the model of Alessi and Trollip which is adjusted based on the needs of the researcher. The development procedure consists of three stages (a) planning, (b) design, and (c) development which includes standards, ongoing evaluation, and project management. This research resulted in: (1) Android-based digital book application and guidebook for user, and (2) have quality based on a feasibility trial through alpha test and beta test. Alpha test was assessed by two material experts with a mean score of 3.40 (very feasible), and 3.45 by media experts (very feasible). Beta Test is carried out in small group of 6 students with a total score of 3.53 and a very feasible category. The increase occurred when a large group trial of 30 students of MAN 1 Pidie Class X IPA with a total score 3.67 was categorized as very feasible. Based on the feasibility trial, it is possible for an Android-based digital book application to be able to stimulate the psychomotor component of students for the learning of Fiqh subject in waqf (endowment) lesson.

This study aims to understand and map the tourism industry and women’s employment mobility in the Special Economic Zone (SEZ) of Mandalika Kuta Lombok, West Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia. This study was a qualitative study using a case study approach with a group analysis unit. Data were obtained through observation, interviews, and documentation. The informants are an optional or criterion-based selection. Informants in this study were 120 informants. Informants were selected using a purposive sampling technique. The informants in this study are not to represent the population but represent information. Data analysis was processed through three stages. The results of the study found that the tourism industry in the Special Economic Zone of Mandalika Kuta Lombok has encouraged the new job creation and job types that were previously unknown by the community. In the category of self-employment and wage employment, there is an increase in the number due to a decrease in the status of casual work. This is a sign that there are significant job changes and job mobility. This is caused by low wages, inconvenience at work, and family factors. With the creation of various types of new jobs and the pattern of employment mobility, the efforts of self-improvement are needed, especially in terms of education and skills. Provincial and District Governments need to conduct a study of the potential and employment opportunities needed for women in the tourism industry to create links and matches between various employment sectors in the tourism industry.

This study was aimed to determine the effect of epididymis extract (EE) on the testosterone and dihydrotestosterone (DHT) level of local male goat. An experimental study was performed using a completely randomized design (CRD) pattern of one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). 15 local male goats aged 1.5 years with body weight 14-16 kg were used in this study. The K0 group as a control group, injected with only 1 ml physiological saline, while each KP1, KP2, KP3, and KP4 groups treated with multilevel EE dose, ie 1, 2, 3, and 4 ml / goat for 13 consecutive days. At the end of treatment (day 14th), testes, epididymis (caput, corpus, and cauda) and ductus deferens samples were taken through the close-castration method for examining the testosterone and DHT concentration by using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) technique. Data gathered were later analyzed using ANOVA followed by Tukey’s HSD in SPSS 16.0 for Windows. The result showed that the average concentration of testosterone on K0, KP1, KP2, KP3, and KP 4 in testis respectively were 10.00±2.64 ng/ml; 7.66±2.51 ng/ml; 10.00±6.55 ng/ml; 0.66±0.57 ng/ml; 11.66±7.37 ng/ml; caput epididymis; 5.00±1.73 ng/ml; 2.33±1.52 ng/ml; 5.00±2.64 ng/ml; 1.33±0.57 ng/ml; 5.66±1.15 ng/ml; corpus epididymis; 1.33±0.57 ng/ml; 0.66±0.57 ng/ml; 4.00±2.64 ng/ml; 0.66±0.57 ng/ml; 4.33±2.30 ng/ml; cauda epididymis: 1.00±0.00 ng/ml; 0.66±0.57 ng/ml; 1.66±0.57 ng/ml; 1.00 ± 0.00 ng/ml; 2.00±1.73 ng/ml; ductus deferens: 3.66±2.51 ng/ml; 0.66±0.57 ng/ml; 3.00±1.00 ng/ml; 1.00±0.00 ng/ml and 3.66±1.15 ng/ml. While the average concentration of DHT on K0, KP1, KP2, KP3, and KP 4 in testis respectively; 10.00±2.64 ng/ml; 7.66±2.51 ng/ml; 10.00±6.55 ng/ml; 0.66±0.57 ng/ml; 11.66±7.37 ng/ml; caput epididymis; 5.00±1.73 ng/ml; 2.33±1.52 ng/ml; 5.00±2.64 ng/ml; 1.33±0.57 ng/ml; 5.66±1.15 ng/ml; corpus epididymis; 1.33±0.57 ng/ml; 0.66±0.57 ng/ml; 4.00±2.64 ng/ml; 0.66±0.57 ng/ml; 4.33±2.30 ng/ml; cauda epididymis: 1.00±0.00 ng/ml; 0.66±0.57 ng/ml; 1.66±0.57 ng/ml; 1.00 ± 0.00 ng/ml; 2.00±1.73 ng/ml; ductus deferens: 3.66±2.51 ng/ml; 0.66±0.57 ng/ml; 3.00±1.00 ng/ml; 1.00±0.00 ng/ml and 3.66±1.15 ng/ml. Statistical analysis showed that the administration of EE only increased testosterone concentration in testes had significant effect (P 0.05). From this study, it can be concluded that the EE has the potential to improve spermatogenesis and sperm quality through increasing the testosterone concentration in the local male goats.

This study aimed to evaluate the herbicidal activity of ethyl acetate leaf extract of Ageratum conyzoides L. at different subfractions on Amaranthus spinosus L. The leaves of A. conyzoides were sequentially extracted with n-hexane and ethyl acetate respectively and fractionated by chromatography column. The extracts were applied to A. spinosus in pot assays at a concentration of 5%, 10% and 15%. We applied A synthetic herbicide (2,4-D at 0.686 kg a.i. ha−1) for positive control and distilled water for negative control. The A. conyzoides extracts strongly differed in their effect on weed control, shoot and root dry weight and root length of A. spinosus. The most inhibition on A. spinosus growth caused by application of ethyl acetate of A. conyzoides extracts subfraction A by 10% concentration can cause 100% destruction and subfraction B were 95% which both of them cause strongest death on A. spinosus compared with synthetic herbicide (2, 4-D) (23.33%) at 1 Day After Application, while subfraction C and D were not effective. Main constituents identified by GC-MS in subfraction A extract were tetradecanoic acid, ethyl ester (10.26%), precocene II (9.39%), octadecanal (8.23%), 9,12,15-octatadecatrienoic, methyl ester (7.32%), 10-heneicosene (c,t) (5.19%) and neophytadiene (5.09%); in subfraction B were 1-octadecyne (38.57%), phytol (11.24%), di-tert-utylphosphine-d (5.17%) and 1-hexadecine (4.08%); in subfraction C were allobarbital (8.53%), octadecanal (12.69%), and bannamurpanin (26.01%) and octadecanal (30.52%), bannamurpanin (24.06%), 1,8-cineole (15.75%), trans-dodec-5enal (12.28%) and phytol (8.26%) in subfraction D. The ethyl acetate extract subfraction A and B concentration 10% proved the promising control agent against A. spinosus.

Penelitian dan pengembangan modul ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui: 1) karakteristik produk modul biologi berbasis inquiry lesson pada materi bioteknologi, 2) kelayakan prototipe modul biologi berbasis inquiry lesson pada materi bioteknologi, 3) keefektifan modul biologi berbasis inquiry lesson pada materi bioteknologi. Penelitian dan pengembangan ini menggunakan metode Borg & Gall yang telah dimodifikasi menjadi sembilan tahapan: 1) tahap penelitian pendahuluan, 2) tahap perencanaan, 3) tahap pengembangan rancangan awal produk, 4) tahap uji coba lapangan permulaan, 5) tahap revisi produk tahap pertama, 6) tahap uji lapangan terbatas, 7) tahap revisi produk tahap kedua, 8) tahap uji lapangan operasional, 9) tahap revisi produk akhir. Model pengembangan modul menggunakan desains ADDIE (Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, Evaluations). Instrumen yang digunakan meliputi: angket, observasi, wawancara dan tes. Analisis data yang digunakan selama penelitian dan pengembangan adalah analisis deskriptif, teknik persentase dan uji independen sample t test. Hasil penelitian dan pengembangan menunjukkan: 1) karakteristik modul berbasis inquiry lesson dikembangkan berdasarkan sintaks inquiry lesson, meliputi: observation, manipulation, generalitation,verifikation dan aplication, 2) kelayakan prototipe modul berbasis inquiry lesson menurut para ahli berkualifikasi “sangat baik”, praktisi pendidikan berkualifikasi “sangat baik” sedangkan menurut siswa berkualifikasi “baik”, 3) modul biologi berbasis inquiry lesson efektif meningkatkan hasil belajar aspek spritual dengan skor rata-rata sebesar 79,43, aspek sikap sosial dengan skor rata-rata sebesar 85,72, aspek keterampilan dengan skor rata-rata sebesar 82,32, aspek pengetahuan siswa dengan skor rata-rata sebesar 85,00, berdasarkan hasil uji independent sample t test menunjukkan adanya perbedaan postest hasil belajar aspek pengetahuan antara kelas modul dengan existing class pada materi biotenologi dengan signifikan T Hitung 0,013 < T Tabel (0.05).

Pencapaian tingkat swasembada dan ketahanan pangan khususnya beras tidak terlepas dari beberapa dukungan seperti sumberdaya alam dan penerapan inovasi teknologi. Kabupaten Parigi Moutong merupakan salah satu wilayah penghasil beras yang cukup besar di Sulawesi Tengah yang diharapkan dapat menjadi sumber pertumbuhan baru produksi beras Nasional di Indonesia. Pemerintah Daerah menetapkan wilayah ini, sebagai daerah penyangga beras terbesar di Sulawesi Tengah. Tujuan dari Penelitian ini adalah untuk : 1. Mengidentifikasi berbagai permasalahan dan tingkat penerapan inovasi teknologi pertanian di Kabupaten Parigi Moutong dan 2. Menetapkan arahan dan alternatif teknologi yang potensial untuk pengembangan lahan di Kabupaten Parigi Moutong. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan sebanyak dua tahap yaitu tahap 1 Desk study dan 2. Penelitian Lapangan. Desk study dilakukan dengan cara penelusuran pustaka dan diskusi dengan stake holders lainnya. Untuk Penelitian lapangan dilaksanakan dengan menggunakan metode survey dengan melakukan pengamatan kondisi sosial ekonomi dan budaya serta pengamatan tingkat penerapan inovasi teknologi melalui pendekatan Partisifatif Rural Aprasial atau Pengenalan Desa Secara Partisifatif (PRA). Pelaksanaan penelitian dilakukan selama 2 bulan yaitu dari bulan Juni hingga bulan Juli 2014. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat potensi perluasan areal persawahan dan peningkatan luas tanam karena didukung oleh iklim dan irigasi yang cukup baik. Tingkat penerapan teknologi masih cukup rendah terutama penggunaan varietas unggul, benih unggul dan bermutu serta pemupukan. The achievement level of self-sufficiency and food security, particularly in rice production should be supported by natural resources and the application of technology innovation. Parigi Moutong Regency is one of the largest rice producer areas in Central Sulawesi, which is expected to be a new growth source area of national rice production in Indonesia. Local government has set this region as the largest rice buffer zone in Central Sulawesi. The aim of this study was to: 1) Identify the problems and the application level of agricultural technology innovation in Parigi Moutong Regency and 2) Setting the direction and potential of alternative technologies for the development of rice land area in the Regency of Parigi Moutong. This research had two steps, namely : 1) desk study and 2) field research. Field research method was done using a survey method of observing socio-economic and cultural conditions as well as the observation of the level of technology innovation through Participative Rural Appraisal (PRA) approach or partisipative village introduction. The research was conducted from June to July 2014. The result shows that there is a potential for expansion and improvement of rice cultivation acreage because it is supported by the suitable climate condition and well-managed irrigation facilities. However, the level of technology application is still relatively low, especially in the use of improved varieties, improved and quality seed and also proper fertilization.

This study aimed to compare estrous performance and progesterone concentration during the estrous cycle of kacang goats induced by PGF2α versus ovsynch protocol. This research used six female kacang goats. The goats were divided into two groups namely the K1 group which was induced by injecting 7.5 mg PGF2α intramuscularly in 10 days interval and K2 group which was induced by using the ovsynch method. Protocol for K2 group was as follow; at day 1, the goats were injected with 7.5 mg PGF2α; at day 8, they were injected with 50 µg GnRH; at day 15 they were injected with 7.5 mg PGF2α; at day 18 they were injected with 50 µg GnRH. Estrous were detected using male goat and visual observation. The blood samples were taken on days 7, 14, and 21 after estrous. Progesterone concentration was measured with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) technique. Intensity, onset, and duration of estrous in K1 group versus K2 group were 8.33±2.08 vs 7.00±1.00; 56.00±34.12 vs 36.00±20.78 hours; and 24.00±26.15 vs 24.00±20.78 hours, respectively (p>0.05). Level of progesterone hormone on day 7, 14, and 21 for K1 vs K2 were 0.812±0.710 vs 2.369±3.351; 5.051±7.754 vs 3.091±4.385 ng/ml; and 4.173±6.692 vs 3.562±4.113 ng/mL, respectively (p>0,05). It can be concluded that the differences in synchronization protocols between PGF2α versus ovsynch do not affect the performance of estrous and the concentration of progesterone during the estrous cycle of kacang goats.

This study was conducted to determine the effect of water salinity changes on methionine content in tiger grouper juvenile (Epinephelus fuscoguttatus). A total of 2,560 tiger grouper juveniles were used and divided into five groups consist of 1 control group (without exposed to salinity changes) and 4 treatment groups. The salinity was changed every 2, 3, 4, and 6 hours in treatment A, B, C, and D, respectively. Salinity levels were changed during 24 hours by lowering salinity level from 32 psu to 22 psu. Twenty five of fish were collected from each treatment for methionine content analysis. Data were analysed using one way analysis of variance (ANOVA). The results showed that there was a decrease in methionine content in all treatments. A significant decrease (P0.05) of methionine content in treatment A, B, and C were observed after 20 hours (1.15%), 18 hours (1.27%), and 16 hours (1.24%), respectively. While at 0 hours (control), the methionine content was 2.02%. Methionine level in treatment D was not significantly different (P0.05) compared to control group. As conclusion, rearing the tiger grouper juvenile with salinity fluctuations every 6 hours did not lead to methionine deficiency.

This study aimed to estimate the gestational age of Etawa crossbred goats based on ultrasound images of embryo and fetal using transcutaneous ultrasonography. Etawa crossbred does (n= 5) were synchronized using double PGF2α injection with 10 days interval and mated naturally. Early pregnancy was diagnosed on 20th day after mating base on isoechogenic image of the embryo (2.65±0.75 mm) and hypoechogenic appearance of gestational sac. On 30th day of the first trimester, the embryo size was 8.31±0.42 mm. The embryo reached 10.44±0.51 mm on 35th day. On 60th day, the existence of the fetal were clearly appeared along with isoechogenic of umbilical cord, hyperechogenic os cranium (25.5±0.1 mm), and body length (51.83±1.59 mm). On 75th day, the diameter of the os cranium was 33.03±0.20 mm, body length of 110±1.73 mm, and bones structures appeared hyperechogenic for os thoracalis and os vertebrae. The placenta was isoechogenoic with diameter of 23.3±0.2 mm. On 90th day, the placenta dominated the uterus (22.67±1.70 mm) and reached its maximum diameter on 145th day (33.73±2.91 mm). In conclusion, early pregnancy detection of Etawa crossbred goats using transcutaneous ultrasonography could be performed on 20th day after mating

This study aimed to investigate the correlation between progesterone hormone concentration and number of fetus as well as the difference in progesterone hormone concentration from different gestation periods in Etawah crossbred (EC). Five EC goats used in this study were injected with 2 mL of 5.5 mg prostaglandin F2α (PGF2α, Capriglandin) intramuscularly, with an interval of 10 days. Goats that showed symptoms of estrus were mated naturally with male goats. Blood samples were taken on the 7th, 14th, 21st, and 75th days of gestation. Progesterone hormone concentration was determined using enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The number of fetus was determined at 35th gestational day using ultrasonography (USG). Four out of 5 goats were found to have 1 fetus and 1 goat had 2 fetuses. The progesterone concentration on the 7th, 14th, 21st, and 75th days of gestation in goats with single fetus were 5.21, 7.78, 11.97, and 18.78 ng/mL, respectively, while in goat with two fetuses were 8.44, 14.53, 16.81, and 22.73 ng/mL, respectively. The correlation (r) between progesterone hormone concentration and number of fetus on the 7th, 14th, 21st, and 75th days of gestation were 0.442, 0.854, 0.592, and 0.757, respectively. It is concluded that progesterone concentrations are highly correlated to the number of fetus in each gestation period in EC goats.

Calophyllum flavoranulum (Clusiaceae family) is a big tree and medical plants from the tropical rain forest of the Indonesian continent. The organic extracts from stem bark yielded phenyl coumarin. The structure was elucidated with the aid of spectroscopic technique. Antiplasmodial activities of isolated compound was tested in vivo against Plasmodium berghei parasite and showed the best antiplasmodial activity. New flavoranulum coumarin compound showed activity against P. berghei parasite with inhibition growth 0, 31.33, 40, 30.67, 46 and 34% at dosage 1.1x10-10, 1.1x10-9, 1.1x10-8, 1.1x10-7, 1.1x10-6, and 1.1x10-5 mg/mL, respectively. Flavoranulum coumarin very active as antiplasmodial, and at 3 and 4 day incubation all of parasite were died.

Abstrak: Pendidikan Islam menghadapi banyak masalah, di antaranya orientasi nilai ke-agamaan dan pendekatan aplikasi. Orientasi nilai religius didasarkan pada materi Islam yang tidak dapat dipisahkan dari tujuan pendidikan islami. Tujuannya adalah menjadi "insan kamil", yang tercerminkan pada pengintegrasian nilai individu dan sosial. Oleh karena itu, orientasi nilai agama di sekolah harus berkisar antara dua belah pihak, "dimensi makhluk" (kesalehan individual) dan "dimensi khalifah" (kesalehan sosial). Untuk menanamkan nilai pendidikan Islam ke anak-anak, dapat ditangani melalui pendekatan-pendekatan berikut ini; stra-tegi tradisional, liberal, pemberian model yang baik (uswah), dan klarifikasi nilai. Penerapan strategi harus disesuaikan dengan perkembangan anak. Terkait deng-an strategi, guru pendidikan Islam harus mempertimbangkan urgensi ketepatan dalam menggunakan nilai klarifikasi. Melalui strategi ini, anak-anak akan dapat memilih, berdialog, membuat pertimbangan, dan menentukan jenis nilai apa yang dipilih. Dengan nilai ini, anak-anak akan memiliki komitmen yang kuat un-tuk menghadapi setiap perubahan kehidupan terutama dalam perubahan sosial. Abstract: Islamic education faces many problems, among them are the religious value orientation and application approach. The religious value orientation is based on Islamic subject matters that cannot be separated from the aim of Islamic education. Its aim is to become a "perpect man", that reflects on the integration of individual and social values. Therefore, the religious value orientation in school must be revolved between the two sides, "Abdullah dimention" (individual religiosity) and "khalifah dimention" (social religiosity). To instill the value of Islamic education to children, it can be handle through the following approaches; traditional strategy, liberal, providing a good model (uswah), and value clarification. To implement these strategies, it must be adjusted to the child's development. Concerning with the strategy, the teacher should consider the urgency of Islam on the use of value clarification. With these strategies, the children will be able to choose, to make a dialogue, to make a consideration, and to determine the type of value to be applied. With this value, the children will have a strong commitment to deal with any change of life, especially in social change.

ABSTRAK Tumbuhan Erythrina variegata (Leguminosae) secara tradisional dikenal oleh masyarakat Indonesia sebagai obat antikanker dan antimalaria. Bagian tumbuhan ini yang biasa digunakan sebagai bahan pengobatan adalah daun dan kulit batang, tapi kandungan senyawa kimia aktif biologisnya belum banyak dilaporkan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengungkapkan senyawa aktif antikanker dan antimalaria secara in vitro yang terdapat di dalam daun dan kulit batang E. variegata. Penelitian dilakukan dengan cara ekstraksi metanol dan fraksionasi dari daun dan kulit batang E. variegata yang dipandu dengan uji antikanker secara in vitro terhadap sel kanker payudara T47D menggunakan metode Sulforodamin B (SRB) dan uji antimalaria secara in vitro terhadap Plasmodium falciparum 3D7 (sensitif klorokuin) dan K1 (resisten klorokuin) menggunakan metode laktatdehidrogenase (LDH). Selanjutnya dilakukan pemisahan fraksi etil asetat daun dan kulit batang E. variegata yang dipantau dengan uji antikanker dan antimalaria secara in vitro menggunakan kombinasi kolom kromatografi diperoleh tiga senyawa aktif (1, 2, dan 3). Struktur kimia senyawa aktif (1, 2, dan 3) ditetapkan berdasarkan data-data spektroskopi dan diidentifikasikan sebagai turunan triterpenoid pentasiklik glikosida(1); flavonoid, eristagallin A (2); dan steroid, (22E)-5α,8α-epidioksiergosta-6,22-dien-3β-ol (3). Senyawa (1) menunjukkan aktivitas antimalaria secara in vitro terhadap P. falciparum strain 3D7 (sensitif klorokuin) dengan IC50 1,8 µg/mL dan terhadap strain K1 (resisten klorokuin) dengan IC50 3,3 µg/mL. Senyawa (2) dan (3) menunjukkan aktivitas antikanker secara in vitro terhadap sel kanker payurada T47D dengan IC50 masing-masing 3,0 dan 3,2 µg/mL. Tumbuhan E. variegata mempunyai potensi sebagai bahan dasar obat herbal antikanker payudara dan antimalaria. ABSTRACT Erythrina variegata (Leguminosae) plant used traditionaly as plant of anti-cancer and anti-malarial in Indonesia. The leaves and stem bark of E. variegata used as medicinal folk of anti-cancer and anti-malarial, however haven’t reported yet of bioactive compounds. The purpose of this research was assayed an anti-cancer and anti-malarial compounds toward breast cancer cell-lines T47D and toward Plasmodium falciparum 3D7 (chloroquine sensitive) and K1 (chloroquine resistance) in vitro from E. variegata. The research was extraction of methanol and fractionation from the leaves and stem bark of E. variegata by using guide-assay in vitro Sulphorhodamine B (SRB) method and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH). Furthermore, by using the anti-cancer and anti-malarial activity to follow separation, the active fraction was separated by combination of column chromatography to yield three active compounds (1-3). The chemical structure of active compounds (1-3) were determined on the basis of spectroscopic evidences and comparison with those previously reported and identified as terpenoid pentacyclic glycoside (1), flavonoid, erystagallin A (2) and steroid, (22E)-5α,8α-epidioxyergosta-6,22-diene-3β-ol (3). The compound (1) showed anti-malarial activity in vitro against P. falciparum strain 3D7 and K1 with IC50 1.8 and 3.3 µg/mL, respectively. The compounds (2-3) showed anti-cancer activity against of breast cancer cell-lines T47D with IC50 of 3.03and 3.2 µg/ml, respectively. This results strongly suggested that E. variegata is a promising sources of anti-cancer and anti-malarial agents.

The soulatro coumarin compound was isolated and elucidated from the stem bark of Calophyllum soulattri Burm F, the samples were collected from Jayapura Papua Irian Island in Indonesia. Isolation process was done by maceration at room temperature in methanol, than partitioned in a mixture of n hexane-water (1:1), followed by dichloromethane-water (1:1) and ethyl acetate-water (1:1). A portion of ethyl acetate extract was subjected to column chromatography over silica gel packed and eluted with n-hexane a gradient of ethyl acetate to 100% followed by CHCl3 in MeOH (20:1, 10 :1, 5:1, 1:1). Fraction B (CHCl3 in MeOH 20:1) was subjected to column chromatography over silica gel 300 mesh and eluted with EtOAc-MeOH mixtures of increasing polarity. Faction with the same Rf valeus were combined and eluted with EtOAc-MeOH (19:1) showed one spot on TLC. They were combined and evaporated to yield a solid than was recrystallized in mixture of CH2Cl2-methanol to give soulatro coumarin compound. The structure was determinated by spectroscopic analysis, in particular by 1D and 2D NMR techniques, from these spectra data conclution that compound is soulatro coumarin. Antimalarial assay was tested against Plasmodium berghei parasite as in vivo using 18 mices rodent wich was infected by Plasmodium berghei parasite. The soulatro coumarin showed activity against P. berghei with dosage 0.0005867 mM/1 kg body weight ; 0.005867 mM/1 kg bw; 0.05867 mM/1 kg bw; 0.5867 mM/1 kg bw 5.867 mM/1 kg bw and 58.67 mM/1 kg bw could inhibite growth rate of parasite = 57.32%; 63.37%; 43.02%; 53.49%; 47.67% respectively. Keywords : Antiplasmodial activity, coumarin, Calophyllum soulattri Burm. F, in vivo, Chloroquine, Plasmodium berghei.

Penelitian ini menguji secara empiris dampak dari faktor-faktor antesenden pada penggunaan regulasi sistem anggaran dan kinerja manajerial oleh pemerintah setempat. Menurut motivasi kerja dan teori harapan, kerangka teoretis yang dirancang untuk memungkinkan penilaian t faktor antesenden pada penggunaan regulasi sistem anggaran dan kinerja manajerial. Penelitian ini didasarkan pada data yang dikumpulkan dari para manajer dan karyawan yang terlibat dalam pembentukan anggaran di setiap subunit dalam pemerintahan lokal, yaitu Batang. Hasil mendukung hipotesis dan menunjukkan konsekuensi dari kekuatan faktor antesenden pada penggunaan regulasi sistem anggaran dan kinerja manajerial oleh pemerintah setempat.

Abstrak

This article aims to examine strategies for improving pedagogical competence through in service training that is more focused on the empowerment of teachers in accordance with the capacity and the problems faced by teachers in the classroom, to improve the quality of teacher learning through lesson study. lesson study is a model of professional development of educators through collaborative learning and continuous assessment based on collegiality and mutual learning. to build a learning community. lesson study selected and implemented in order to improve the pedagogical competence as an effective way to improve the quality of learning and teaching in class. Lesson study carried out in the form of a cycle plan-do-see. through lesson study expected to increase pedagogical competence and increase the quality of learning.

Gentle, polite, courteous, systematic, organized, clear, and straight forward use of language reflects a speaker’s personality and culture. Everyone, including the members of the South Sulawesi Parliament, is expected to maintain good manner and ethic in communication. The study aims to describe and explain declarative, interrogative, and imperative forms as well as speech act strategies used by the members the South Sulawesi Parliament. The qualitative study employed the functional approach on language. The study was conducted in the South Sulawesi Parliament House. The data of the research were obtained from speech acts, field observations and interviews. The stages of data collection are 1. Preparation, 2. Recording, 3. Observation, 4. Interview, and 5. Transcription. The data were analyzed by the following procedures: 1. data reduction, 2. data presentation and interpretation, and, 3. data conclusion and verification. The findings revealed that there were various forms of politeness used by the respondent. Moreover, the locution act was the more dominant strategy used by the respondent than the illocutionary act.