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1. Notes and Queries

Author

Swift, M. G., A. C. T., and Jones, Rufus M.

Published
2012

4. The EXO-200 detector, part II: Auxiliary Systems

Author

Ackerman, N., Albert, J., Auger, M., Auty, D. J., Badhrees, I., Barbeau, P. S., Bartoszek, L., Baussan, E., Belov, V., Benitez-Medina, C., Bhatta, T., Breidenbach, M., Brunner, T., Cao, G. F., Cen, W. R., Chambers, C., Cleveland, B., Conley, R., Cook, S., Coon, M., Craddock, W., Craycraft, A., Cree, W., Daniels, T., Darroch, L., Daugherty, S. J., Daughhetee, J., Davis, C. G., Davis, J., Delaquis, S., Der Mesrobian-Kabakian, A., deVoe, R., Didberidze, T., Dilling, J., Dobi, A., Dolgolenko, A. G., Dolinski, M. J., Dunford, M., Echevers, J., Espic, L., Fairbank Jr., W., Fairbank, D., Farine, J., Feldmeier, W., Feyzbakhsh, S., Fierlinger, P., Fouts, K., Franco, D., Freytag, D., Fudenberg, D., Gautam, P., Giroux, G., Gornea, R., Graham, K., Gratta, G., Hagemann, C., Hall, C., Hall, K., Haller, G., Hansen, E. V., Hargrove, C., Herbst, R., Herrin, S., Hodgson, J., Hughes, M., Iverson, A., Jamil, A., Jessiman, C., Jewell, M. J., Johnson, A., Johnson, T. N., Johnston, S., Karelin, A., Kaufman, L. J., Killick, R., Koffas, T., Kravitz, S., Krücken, R., Kuchenkov, A., Kumar, K. S., Lan, Y., Larson, A., Leonard, D. S., Leonard, F., LePort, F., Li, G. S., Li, S., Li, Z., Licciardi, C., Lin, Y. H., Mackay, D., MacLellan, R., Marino, M., Martin, J. -M., Martin, Y., McElroy, T., McFarlane, K., Michel, T., Mong, B., Moore, D. C., Murray, K., Neilson, R., Njoya, O., Nusair, O., O'Sullivan, K., Odian, A., Ostrovskiy, I., Ouellet, C., Piepke, A., Pocar, A., Prescott, C. Y., Pushkin, K., Retiere, F., Rivas, A., Robinson, A. L., Rollin, E., Rowson, P. C., Rozo, M. P., Runge, J., Russell, J. J., Schmidt, S., Schubert, A., Sinclair, D., Skarpaas, K., Slutsky, S., Smith, E., Soma, A. K., Stekhanov, V., Strickland, V., Swift, M., Tarka, M., Todd, J., Tolba, T., Tosi, D., Totev, T. I., Tsang, R., Twelker, K., Veenstra, B., Veeraraghavan, V., Vuilleumier, J. -L., Vuilleumier, J. -M., Wagenpfeil, M., Waite, A., Walton, J., Walton, T., Wamba, K., Watkins, J., Weber, M., Wen, L. J., Wichoski, U., Wittgen, M., Wodin, J., Wood, J., Wrede, G., Wu, S. X., Xia, Q., Yang, L., Yen, Y. -R., Zeldovich, O. Ya, and Ziegler, T.

Subjects
Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, High Energy Physics - Experiment, Nuclear Experiment
Abstract

The EXO-200 experiment searched for neutrinoless double-beta decay of $^{136}$Xe with a single-phase liquid xenon detector. It used an active mass of 110 kg of 80.6%-enriched liquid xenon in an ultra-low background time projection chamber with ionization and scintillation detection and readout. This paper describes the design and performance of the various support systems necessary for detector operation, including cryogenics, xenon handling, and controls. Novel features of the system were driven by the need to protect the thin-walled detector chamber containing the liquid xenon, to achieve high chemical purity of the Xe, and to maintain thermal uniformity across the detector., Comment: Manuscript updated in response to JINST reviewer comments

Published
2021
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7. Magnetic Levitation Stabilized by Streaming Fluid Flows

Author

Baldwin, K. A., de Fouchier, J. -B., Atkinson, P., Hill, R. J. A., Swift, M. R., and Fairhurst, D. J.

Subjects
Condensed Matter - Soft Condensed Matter
Abstract

We demonstrate that the ubiquitous laboratory magnetic stirrer provides a simple passive method of magnetic levitation, in which the so-called `flea' levitates indefinitely. We study the onset of levitation and quantify the flea's motion (a combination of vertical oscillation, spinning and "waggling"), finding excellent agreement with a mechanical analytical model. The waggling motion drives recirculating flow, producing a centripetal reaction force that stabilises the flea. Our findings have implications for the locomotion of artificial swimmers, for the development of bidirectional microfluidic pumps and provide an alternative to sophisticated commercial levitators., Comment: 5 pages, 3 figures, SI material included as pdf

Published
2018
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11. The EXO-200 detector, part I: Detector design and construction

Author

Auger, M., Auty, D. J., Barbeau, P. S., Bartoszek, L., Baussan, E., Beauchamp, E., Benitez-Medina, C., Breidenbach, M., Chauhan, D., Cleveland, B., Conley, R., Cook, J., Cook, S., Coppens, A., Craddock, W., Daniels, T., Davis, C. G., Davis, J., deVoe, R., Dobi, A., Dolinski, M. J., Dunford, M., Fairbank Jr, W., Farine, J., Fierlinger, P., Franco, D., Giroux, G., Gornea, R., Graham, K., Gratta, G., Hagemann, C., Hall, C., Hall, K., Hargrove, C., Herrin, S., Hodgson, J., Hughes, M., Karelin, A., Kaufman, L. J., Kirk, J., Kuchenkov, A., Kumar, K. S., Leonard, D. S., Leonard, F., LePort, F., Mackay, D., MacLellan, R., Marino, M., Merkle, K., Mong, B., Díez, M. Montero, Müller, A. R., Neilson, R., Odian, A., O'Sullivan, K., Ouellet, C., Piepke, A., Pocar, A., Prescott, C. Y., Pushkin, K., Rivas, A., Rollin, E., Rowson, P. C., Sabourov, A., Sinclair, D., Skarpaas, K., Slutsky, S., Stekhanov, V., Strickland, V., Swift, M., Tosi, D., Twelker, K., Vuilleumier, J. -L., Vuilleumier, J. -M., Walton, T., Weber, M., Wichoski, U., Wodin, J., Wright, J. D., Yang, L., and Yen, Y. -R.

Subjects
Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, High Energy Physics - Experiment, Nuclear Experiment
Abstract

EXO-200 is an experiment designed to search for double beta decay of $^{136}$Xe with a single-phase, liquid xenon detector. It uses an active mass of 110 kg of xenon enriched to 80.6% in the isotope 136 in an ultra-low background time projection chamber capable of simultaneous detection of ionization and scintillation. This paper describes the EXO-200 detector with particular attention to the most innovative aspects of the design that revolve around the reduction of backgrounds, the efficient use of the expensive isotopically enriched xenon, and the optimization of the energy resolution in a relatively large volume.

Published
2012
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12. Xenon purity analysis for EXO-200 via mass spectrometry

Author

Dobi, A., Hall, C., Slutsky, S., Yen, Y. -R., Aharmin, B., Auger, M., Barbeau, P. S., Benitez-Medina, C., Breidenbach, M., Cleveland, B., Conley, R., Cook, J., Cook, S., Counts, I., Craddock, W., Daniels, T., Davis, C. G., Davis, J., deVoe, R., Dixit, M., Dolinski, M. J., Donato, K., Fairbank Jr., W., Farine, J., Fierlinger, P., Franco, D., Giroux, G., Gornea, R., Graham, K., Gratta, G., Green, C., Hagemann, C., Hall, K., Hallman, D., Hargrove, C., Herrin, S., Hughes, M., Hodgson, J., Juget, F., Karelin, A., Kaufman, L. J., Kuchenkov, A., Kumar, K., Leonard, D. S., Lutter, G., Mackay, D., MacLellan, R., Marino, M., Mong, B., Díez, M. Montero, Morgan, P., Müller, A. R., Neilson, R., Odian, A., O'Sullivan, K., Piepke, A., Pocar, A., Prescott, C. Y., Pushkin, K., Rivas, A., Rollin, E., Rowson, P. C., Sabourov, A., Sinclair, D., Skarpaas, K., Stekhanov, V., Strickland, V., Swift, M., Twelker, K., Vuilleumier, J. -L., Vuilleumier, J. -M., Weber, M., Wichoski, U., Wodin, J., Wright, J. D., and Yang, L.

Subjects
Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Nuclear Experiment
Abstract

We describe purity measurements of the natural and enriched xenon stockpiles used by the EXO-200 double beta decay experiment based on a mass spectrometry technique. The sensitivity of the spectrometer is enhanced by several orders of magnitude by the presence of a liquid nitrogen cold trap, and many impurity species of interest can be detected at the level of one part-per-billion or better. We have used the technique to screen the EXO-200 xenon before, during, and after its use in our detector, and these measurements have proven useful. This is the first application of the cold trap mass spectrometry technique to an operating physics experiment., Comment: 19 pages, 6 figures

Published
2011
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13. Observation of Two-Neutrino Double-Beta Decay in Xe-136 with EXO-200

Author

Ackerman, N., Aharmim, B., Auger, M., Auty, D. J., Barbeau, P. S., Barry, K., Bartoszek, L., Beauchamp, E., Belov, V., Benitez-Medina, C., Breidenbach, M., Burenkov, A., Cleveland, B., Conley, R., Conti, E., Cook, J., Cook, S., Coppens, A., Counts, I., Craddock, W., Daniels, T., Danilov, M. V., Davis, C. G., Davis, J., deVoe, R., Djurcic, Z., Dobi, A., Dolgolenko, A. G., Dolinski, M. J., Donato, K., Fairbank Jr., W., Farine, J., Fierlinger, P., Franco, D., Freytag, D., Giroux, G., Gornea, R., Graham, K., Gratta, G., Green, M. P., Hagemann, C., Hall, C., Hall, K., Haller, G., Hargrove, C., Herbst, R., Herrin, S., Hodgson, J., Hughes, M., Johnson, A., Karelin, A., Kaufman, L. J., Koffas, T., Kuchenkov, A., Kumar, A., Kumar, K. S., Leonard, D. S., Leonard, F., LePort, F., Mackay, D., MacLellan, R., Marino, M., Martin, Y., Mong, B., Diez, M. Montero, Morgan, P., Muller, A. R., Neilson, R., Nelson, R., Odian, A., O'Sullivan, K., Ouellet, C., Piepke, A., Pocar, A., Prescott, C. Y., Pushkin, K., Rivas, A., Rollin, E., Rowson, P. C., Russell, J. J., Sabourov, A., Sinclair, D., Skarpaas, K., Slutsky, S., Stekhanov, V., Strickland, V., Swift, M., Tosi, D., Twelker, K., Vogel, P., Vuilleumier, J. -L., Vuilleumier, J. -M., Waite, A., Waldman, S., Walton, T., Wamba, K., Weber, M., Wichoski, U., Wodin, J., Wright, J. D., Yang, L., Yen, Y. -R., and Zeldovich, O. Ya.

Subjects
Nuclear Experiment, High Energy Physics - Experiment, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract

We report the observation of two-neutrino double-beta decay in Xe-136 with T_1/2 = 2.11 +- 0.04 (stat.) +- 0.21 (sys.) x 10^21 yr. This second order process, predicted by the Standard Model, has been observed for several nuclei but not for Xe-136. The observed decay rate provides new input to matrix element calculations and to the search for the more interesting neutrino-less double-beta decay, the most sensitive probe for the existence of Majorana particles and the measurement of the neutrino mass scale.

Published
2011
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14. A magnetically-driven piston pump for ultra-clean applications

Author

LePort, F., Neilson, R., Barbeau, P. S., Barry, K., Bartoszek, L., Counts, I., Davis, J., deVoe, R., Dolinski, M. J., Gratta, G., Green, M., Díez, M. Montero, Müller, A. R., O'Sullivan, K., Rivas, A., Twelker, K., Aharmim, B., Auger, M., Belov, V., Benitez-Medina, C., Breidenbach, M., Burenkov, A., Cleveland, B., Conley, R., Cook, J., Cook, S., Craddock, W., Daniels, T., Dixit, M., Dobi, A., Donato, K., Fairbank Jr., W., Farine, J., Fierlinger, P., Franco, D., Giroux, G., Gornea, R., Graham, K., Green, C., Hägemann, C., Hall, C., Hall, K., Hallman, D., Hargrove, C., Herrin, S., Hughes, M., Hodgson, J., Juget, F., Kaufman, L. J., Karelin, A., Ku, J., Kuchenkov, A., Kumar, K., Leonard, D. S., Lutter, G., Mackay, D., MacLellan, R., Marino, M., Mong, B., Morgan, P., Odian, A., Piepke, A., Pocar, A., Prescott, C. Y., Pushkin, K., Rollin, E., Rowson, P. C., Schmoll, B., Sinclair, D., Skarpaas, K., Slutsky, S., Stekhanov, V., Strickland, V., Swift, M., Vuilleumier, J. -L., Vuilleumier, J. -M., Wichoski, U., Wodin, J., Yang, L., and Yen, Y. -R.

Subjects
Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Nuclear Experiment
Abstract

A magnetically driven piston pump for xenon gas recirculation is presented. The pump is designed to satisfy extreme purity and containment requirements, as is appropriate for the recirculation of isotopically enriched xenon through the purification system and large liquid xenon TPC of EXO-200. The pump, using sprung polymer gaskets, is capable of pumping more than 16 standard liters per minute (SLPM) of xenon gas with 750 torr differential pressure., Comment: 6 pages, 5 figures

Published
2011
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15. Scaling forces to asteroid surfaces: The role of cohesion

Author

Scheeres, D. J., Hartzell, C. M., Sanchez, P., and Swift, M.

Subjects
Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics
Abstract

The scaling of physical forces to the extremely low ambient gravitational acceleration regimes found on the surfaces of small asteroids is performed. Resulting from this, it is found that van der Waals cohesive forces between regolith grains on asteroid surfaces should be a dominant force and compete with particle weights and be greater, in general, than electrostatic and solar radiation pressure forces. Based on this scaling, we interpret previous experiments performed on cohesive powders in the terrestrial environment as being relevant for the understanding of processes on asteroid surfaces. The implications of these terrestrial experiments for interpreting observations of asteroid surfaces and macro-porosity are considered, and yield interpretations that differ from previously assumed processes for these environments. Based on this understanding, we propose a new model for the end state of small, rapidly rotating asteroids which allows them to be comprised of relatively fine regolith grains held together by van der Waals cohesive forces., Comment: 54 pages, 7 figures

Published
2010
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33. Masting is uncommon in trees that depend on mutualist dispersers in the context of global climate and fertility gradients

Author

Qiu, T, Aravena, MC, Ascoli, D, Bergeron, Y, Bogdziewicz, M, Boivin, T, Bonal, R, Caignard, T, Cailleret, M, Calama, R, Calderon, SD, Camarero, JJ, Chang-Yang, CH, Chave, J, Chianucci, F, Courbaud, B, Cutini, A, Das, AJ, Delpierre, N, Delzon, S, Dietze, M, Dormont, L, Espelta, JM, Fahey, TJ, Farfan-Rios, W, Franklin, JF, Gehring, CA, Gilbert, GS, Gratzer, G, Greenberg, CH, Guignabert, A, Guo, Q, Hacket-Pain, A, Hampe, A, Han, Q, Holik, J, Hoshizaki, K, Ibanez, I, Johnstone, JF, Journé, V, Kitzberger, T, Knops, JMH, Kunstler, G, Kurokawa, H, Lageard, J, LaMontagne, JM, Lefevre, F, Leininger, T, Limousin, JM, Lutz, JA, Macias, D, Marell, A, McIntire, EJB, Moore, CM, Moran, E, Motta, R, Myers, JA, Nagel, TA, Naoe, S, Noguchi, M, Oguro, M, Parmenter, R, Pearse, IS, Perez-Ramos, IM, Piechnik, L, Podgorski, T, Poulsen, J, Redmond, MD, Reid, CD, Rodman, KC, Rodriguez-Sanchez, F, Samonil, P, Sanguinetti, JD, Scher, CL, Seget, B, Sharma, S, Shibata, M, Silman, M, Steele, MA, Stephenson, NL, Straub, JN, Sutton, S, Swenson, JJ, Swift, M, Thomas, PA, Uriarte, M, Vacchiano, G, Whipple, AV, Whitham, TG, Wion, AP, Wright, SJ, Zhu, K, Zimmerman, JK, Zywiec, M, Clark, JS, Qiu, T, Aravena, MC, Ascoli, D, Bergeron, Y, Bogdziewicz, M, Boivin, T, Bonal, R, Caignard, T, Cailleret, M, Calama, R, Calderon, SD, Camarero, JJ, Chang-Yang, CH, Chave, J, Chianucci, F, Courbaud, B, Cutini, A, Das, AJ, Delpierre, N, Delzon, S, Dietze, M, Dormont, L, Espelta, JM, Fahey, TJ, Farfan-Rios, W, Franklin, JF, Gehring, CA, Gilbert, GS, Gratzer, G, Greenberg, CH, Guignabert, A, Guo, Q, Hacket-Pain, A, Hampe, A, Han, Q, Holik, J, Hoshizaki, K, Ibanez, I, Johnstone, JF, Journé, V, Kitzberger, T, Knops, JMH, Kunstler, G, Kurokawa, H, Lageard, J, LaMontagne, JM, Lefevre, F, Leininger, T, Limousin, JM, Lutz, JA, Macias, D, Marell, A, McIntire, EJB, Moore, CM, Moran, E, Motta, R, Myers, JA, Nagel, TA, Naoe, S, Noguchi, M, Oguro, M, Parmenter, R, Pearse, IS, Perez-Ramos, IM, Piechnik, L, Podgorski, T, Poulsen, J, Redmond, MD, Reid, CD, Rodman, KC, Rodriguez-Sanchez, F, Samonil, P, Sanguinetti, JD, Scher, CL, Seget, B, Sharma, S, Shibata, M, Silman, M, Steele, MA, Stephenson, NL, Straub, JN, Sutton, S, Swenson, JJ, Swift, M, Thomas, PA, Uriarte, M, Vacchiano, G, Whipple, AV, Whitham, TG, Wion, AP, Wright, SJ, Zhu, K, Zimmerman, JK, Zywiec, M, and Clark, JS

Abstract

The benefits of masting (volatile, quasi-synchronous seed production at lagged intervals) include satiation of seed predators, but these benefits come with a cost to mutualist pollen and seed dispersers. If the evolution of masting represents a balance between these benefits and costs, we expect mast avoidance in species that are heavily reliant on mutualist dispersers. These effects play out in the context of variable climate and site fertility among species that vary widely in nutrient demand. Meta-analyses of published data have focused on variation at the population scale, thus omitting periodicity within trees and synchronicity between trees. From raw data on 12 million tree-years worldwide, we quantified three components of masting that have not previously been analysed together: (i) volatility, defined as the frequency-weighted year-to-year variation; (ii) periodicity, representing the lag between high-seed years; and (iii) synchronicity, indicating the tree-to-tree correlation. Results show that mast avoidance (low volatility and low synchronicity) by species dependent on mutualist dispersers explains more variation than any other effect. Nutrient-demanding species have low volatility, and species that are most common on nutrient-rich and warm/wet sites exhibit short periods. The prevalence of masting in cold/dry sites coincides with climatic conditions where dependence on vertebrate dispersers is less common than in the wet tropics. Mutualist dispersers neutralize the benefits of masting for predator satiation, further balancing the effects of climate, site fertility and nutrient demands.

Published
2023

36. Mobile phone-based asthma self-management aid for adolescents (mASMAA): a feasibility study

Author

Rhee H, Allen J, Mammen J, and Swift M

Subjects
Medicine (General), R5-920
Abstract

Hyekyun Rhee,1 James Allen,2 Jennifer Mammen,1 Mary Swift21School of Nursing, 2Department of Computer Science, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USAPurpose: Adolescents report high asthma-related morbidity that can be prevented by adequate self-management of the disease. Therefore, there is a need for a developmentally appropriate strategy to promote effective asthma self-management. Mobile phone-based technology is portable, commonly accessible, and well received by adolescents. The purpose of this study was to develop and evaluate the feasibility and acceptability of a comprehensive mobile phone-based asthma self-management aid for adolescents (mASMAA) that was designed to facilitate symptom monitoring, treatment adherence, and adolescent–parent partnership. The system used state-of-the-art natural language-understanding technology that allowed teens to use unconstrained English in their texts, and to self-initiate interactions with the system.Materials and methods: mASMAA was developed based on an existing natural dialogue system that supports broad coverage of everyday natural conversation in English. Fifteen adolescent–parent dyads participated in a 2-week trial that involved adolescents' daily scheduled and unscheduled interactions with mASMAA and parents responding to daily reports on adolescents' asthma condition automatically generated by mASMAA. Subsequently, four focus groups were conducted to systematically obtain user feedback on the system. Frequency data on the daily usage of mASMAA over the 2-week period were tabulated, and content analysis was conducted for focus group interview data.Results: Response rates for daily text messages were 81%–97% in adolescents. The average number of self-initiated messages to mASMAA was 19 per adolescent. Symptoms were the most common topic of teen-initiated messages. Participants concurred that use of mASMAA improved awareness of symptoms and triggers, promoted treatment adherence and sense of control, and facilitated adolescent–parent partnerships.Conclusion: This study demonstrates the utility and user acceptability of mASMAA as a potential asthma self-management tool in a selective group of adolescents. Further research is needed to replicate the findings in a large group of adolescents from sociodemographically diverse backgrounds to validate the findings.Keywords: asthma, self-management, text messaging, adolescents

Published
2014

39. Limits to reproduction and seed size-number trade-offs that shape forest dominance and future recovery

Author

Qiu, T, Andrus, R, Aravena, MC, Ascoli, D, Bergeron, Y, Berretti, R, Berveiller, D, Bogdziewicz, M, Boivin, T, Bonal, R, Bragg, DC, Caignard, T, Calama, R, Camarero, JJ, Chang-Yang, CH, Cleavitt, NL, Courbaud, B, Courbet, F, Curt, T, Das, AJ, Daskalakou, E, Davi, H, Delpierre, N, Delzon, S, Dietze, M, Calderon, SD, Dormont, L, Espelta, J, Fahey, TJ, Farfan-Rios, W, Gehring, CA, Gilbert, GS, Gratzer, G, Greenberg, CH, Guo, Q, Hacket-Pain, A, Hampe, A, Han, Q, Hille Ris Lambers, J, Hoshizaki, K, Ibanez, I, Johnstone, JF, Journé, V, Kabeya, D, Kilner, CL, Kitzberger, T, Knops, JMH, Kobe, RK, Kunstler, G, Lageard, JGA, LaMontagne, JM, Ledwon, M, Lefevre, F, Leininger, T, Limousin, JM, Lutz, JA, Macias, D, McIntire, EJB, Moore, CM, Moran, E, Motta, R, Myers, JA, Nagel, TA, Noguchi, K, Ourcival, JM, Parmenter, R, Pearse, IS, Perez-Ramos, IM, Piechnik, L, Poulsen, J, Poulton-Kamakura, R, Redmond, MD, Reid, CD, Rodman, KC, Rodriguez-Sanchez, F, Sanguinetti, JD, Scher, CL, Schlesinger, WH, Schmidt Van Marle, H, Seget, B, Sharma, S, Silman, M, Steele, MA, Stephenson, NL, Straub, JN, Sun, IF, Sutton, S, Swenson, JJ, Swift, M, Thomas, PA, Uriarte, M, Vacchiano, G, Veblen, TT, Whipple, AV, Whitham, TG, Wion, AP, Wright, B, Wright, SJ, Zhu, K, Zimmerman, JK, Qiu, T, Andrus, R, Aravena, MC, Ascoli, D, Bergeron, Y, Berretti, R, Berveiller, D, Bogdziewicz, M, Boivin, T, Bonal, R, Bragg, DC, Caignard, T, Calama, R, Camarero, JJ, Chang-Yang, CH, Cleavitt, NL, Courbaud, B, Courbet, F, Curt, T, Das, AJ, Daskalakou, E, Davi, H, Delpierre, N, Delzon, S, Dietze, M, Calderon, SD, Dormont, L, Espelta, J, Fahey, TJ, Farfan-Rios, W, Gehring, CA, Gilbert, GS, Gratzer, G, Greenberg, CH, Guo, Q, Hacket-Pain, A, Hampe, A, Han, Q, Hille Ris Lambers, J, Hoshizaki, K, Ibanez, I, Johnstone, JF, Journé, V, Kabeya, D, Kilner, CL, Kitzberger, T, Knops, JMH, Kobe, RK, Kunstler, G, Lageard, JGA, LaMontagne, JM, Ledwon, M, Lefevre, F, Leininger, T, Limousin, JM, Lutz, JA, Macias, D, McIntire, EJB, Moore, CM, Moran, E, Motta, R, Myers, JA, Nagel, TA, Noguchi, K, Ourcival, JM, Parmenter, R, Pearse, IS, Perez-Ramos, IM, Piechnik, L, Poulsen, J, Poulton-Kamakura, R, Redmond, MD, Reid, CD, Rodman, KC, Rodriguez-Sanchez, F, Sanguinetti, JD, Scher, CL, Schlesinger, WH, Schmidt Van Marle, H, Seget, B, Sharma, S, Silman, M, Steele, MA, Stephenson, NL, Straub, JN, Sun, IF, Sutton, S, Swenson, JJ, Swift, M, Thomas, PA, Uriarte, M, Vacchiano, G, Veblen, TT, Whipple, AV, Whitham, TG, Wion, AP, Wright, B, Wright, SJ, Zhu, K, and Zimmerman, JK

Abstract

The relationships that control seed production in trees are fundamental to understanding the evolution of forest species and their capacity to recover from increasing losses to drought, fire, and harvest. A synthesis of fecundity data from 714 species worldwide allowed us to examine hypotheses that are central to quantifying reproduction, a foundation for assessing fitness in forest trees. Four major findings emerged. First, seed production is not constrained by a strict trade-off between seed size and numbers. Instead, seed numbers vary over ten orders of magnitude, with species that invest in large seeds producing more seeds than expected from the 1:1 trade-off. Second, gymnosperms have lower seed production than angiosperms, potentially due to their extra investments in protective woody cones. Third, nutrient-demanding species, indicated by high foliar phosphorus concentrations, have low seed production. Finally, sensitivity of individual species to soil fertility varies widely, limiting the response of community seed production to fertility gradients. In combination, these findings can inform models of forest response that need to incorporate reproductive potential.

Published
2022

46. The EXO-200 detector, part II: auxiliary systems

Author

Ackerman, N., additional, Albert, J., additional, Auger, M., additional, Auty, D.J., additional, Badhrees, I., additional, Barbeau, P.S., additional, Bartoszek, L., additional, Baussan, E., additional, Belov, V., additional, Benitez-Medina, C., additional, Bhatta, T., additional, Breidenbach, M., additional, Brunner, T., additional, Cao, G.F., additional, Cen, W.R., additional, Chambers, C., additional, Cleveland, B., additional, Conley, R., additional, Cook, S., additional, Coon, M., additional, Craddock, W., additional, Craycraft, A., additional, Cree, W., additional, Daniels, T., additional, Darroch, L., additional, Daugherty, S.J., additional, Daughhetee, J., additional, Davis, C.G., additional, Davis, J., additional, Delaquis, S., additional, Der Mesrobian-Kabakian, A., additional, deVoe, R., additional, Didberidze, T., additional, Dilling, J., additional, Dobi, A., additional, Dolgolenko, A.G., additional, Dolinski, M.J., additional, Dunford, M., additional, Echevers, J., additional, Espic, L., additional, Fairbank, W., additional, Fairbank, D., additional, Farine, J., additional, Feldmeier, W., additional, Feyzbakhsh, S., additional, Fierlinger, P., additional, Fouts, K., additional, Franco, D., additional, Freytag, D., additional, Fudenberg, D., additional, Gautam, P., additional, Giroux, G., additional, Gornea, R., additional, Graham, K., additional, Gratta, G., additional, Hagemann, C., additional, Hall, C., additional, Hall, K., additional, Haller, G., additional, Hansen, E.V., additional, Hargrove, C., additional, Herbst, R., additional, Herrin, S., additional, Hodgson, J., additional, Hughes, M., additional, Iverson, A., additional, Jamil, A., additional, Jessiman, C., additional, Jewell, M.J., additional, Johnson, A., additional, Johnson, T.N., additional, Johnston, S., additional, Karelin, A., additional, Kaufman, L.J., additional, Killick, R., additional, Koffas, T., additional, Kravitz, S., additional, Krücken, R., additional, Kuchenkov, A., additional, Kumar, K.S., additional, Lan, Y., additional, Larson, A., additional, Leonard, D.S., additional, Leonard, F., additional, LePort, F., additional, Li, G.S., additional, Li, S., additional, Li, Z., additional, Licciardi, C., additional, Lin, Y.H., additional, Mackay, D., additional, MacLellan, R., additional, Marino, M., additional, Martin, J.-M., additional, Martin, Y., additional, McElroy, T., additional, McFarlane, K., additional, Michel, T., additional, Mong, B., additional, Moore, D.C., additional, Murray, K., additional, Neilson, R., additional, Nelson, R., additional, Njoya, O., additional, Nusair, O., additional, O'Sullivan, K., additional, Odian, A., additional, Ostrovskiy, I., additional, Ouellet, C., additional, Piepke, A., additional, Pocar, A., additional, Prescott, C.Y., additional, Pushkin, K., additional, Retiere, F., additional, Rivas, A., additional, Robinson, A.L., additional, Rollin, E., additional, Rowson, P.C., additional, Rozo, M.P., additional, Runge, J., additional, Russell, J.J., additional, Schmidt, S., additional, Schubert, A., additional, Sinclair, D., additional, Skarpaas, K., additional, Slutsky, S., additional, Smith, E., additional, Soma, A.K., additional, Stekhanov, V., additional, Strickland, V., additional, Swift, M., additional, Tarka, M., additional, Todd, J., additional, Tolba, T., additional, Tosi, D., additional, Totev, T.I., additional, Tsang, R., additional, Twelker, K., additional, Veenstra, B., additional, Veeraraghavan, V., additional, Vuilleumier, J.-L., additional, Vuilleumier, J.-M., additional, Wagenpfeil, M., additional, Waite, A., additional, Walton, J., additional, Walton, T., additional, Wamba, K., additional, Watkins, J., additional, Weber, M., additional, Wen, L.J., additional, Wichoski, U., additional, Wittgen, M., additional, Wodin, J., additional, Wood, J., additional, Wrede, G., additional, Wu, S.X., additional, Xia, Q., additional, Yang, L., additional, Yen, Y.-R., additional, Zeldovich, O.Ya., additional, and Ziegler, T., additional

Published
2022
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